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Although the rock stratum can be blasted into blocks in advance on the ground when the shield machine bores through silt-rock strata, the vibrations generated by blasting in silt-rock strata will threaten the safety of the water supply pipeline near the blast area. Based on the blasting vibrations of field tests and numerical simulations, the physical and mechanical parameters of the materials on sites were verified, and the dynamic response of the water supply pipeline near the blast area was studied. The research results show that the peak particle velocity (PPV) decreases with the increase of the horizontal distance from the explosion source on the pipeline along the axial direction. The PPV also decreases with the increase of the horizontal distance from the explosion source on the ground surface above the pipeline along the axial direction, and there is a relationship between the PPVs of the pipeline and the PPVs of the ground surface above the pipeline. The maximum PPV of the pipeline's inner wall is 3.97 times the minimum PPV, and the PPV is the highest at 90° of the inner wall. Meanwhile, the maximum PPV of the pipeline's outer wall is 1.03 times the minimum PPV, and the PPV is the highest at 150° of the outer wall. Besides, the PPV of each node is different from that of the other, and the PPV on the pipeline's inner wall is more significant than that on the pipeline's outer wall. Although the PPV on the pipeline's inner wall changes significantly, the PPV on the pipeline's outer wall is relatively close. The maximum peak effective stress of the element is 4.06 times the minimum peak effective stress of the element, and the peak effective stress of the element is the highest at 240°~270° of the pipeline's outer wall.

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盾构机通过淤泥-岩石地层时,可以在地面钻孔预先爆破破碎岩石,但是淤泥-岩石地层爆破产生的振动威胁爆区周围供水管道的安全。通过对爆破振动进行现场测试和数值模拟,首先验证爆破现场材料的物理和力学参数,然后研究了爆区附近供水管道的动态响应。得出如下结论:在管道轴向上,节点峰值速度(PPV)随着距爆炸源水平距离的增加而减小;在管道正上方地表沿管道轴向,节点峰值速度也随着距爆炸源水平距离的增加而减小;管道上节点峰值速度与管道上方地面的节点峰值速度之间存在函数关系。管道内壁最大PPV是最小PPV的3.97倍,管道内壁90°处的节点峰值速度最高,管道外壁最大PPV是最小PPV的1.03倍,管道外壁150°处的节点峰值速度最高,每个节点的PPV彼此不同,给水管道内壁PPV大于外壁,内壁PPV变化较大,但外壁PPV相对接近。单元的最大峰值有效应力是单元的最小峰值有效应力的4.06倍,在管道外壁240°~270°处单元的峰值有效应力最高。本研究的结论可以为确定爆区周围供水管道的安全性提供参考。

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尹涛(1989-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事爆破工程与岩土动力学研究工作,(E-mail)

YIN Tao (1989-), male, Ph. D, lecturer, mainly engaged in blasting engineering and geotechnical dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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尹涛(1989-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事爆破工程与岩土动力学研究工作,(E-mail)

YIN Tao (1989-), male, Ph. D, lecturer, mainly engaged in blasting engineering and geotechnical dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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尹涛(1989-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事爆破工程与岩土动力学研究工作,(E-mail)

YIN Tao (1989-), male, Ph. D, lecturer, mainly engaged in blasting engineering and geotechnical dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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figureFileSmall=OzcqUSylE3+xmCYlDYnlSQ==, figureFileBig=KgwYNalKdkPGBmVwuSiQIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756526050865345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=图3, caption=爆破前后岩心图, figureFileSmall=OzcqUSylE3+xmCYlDYnlSQ==, figureFileBig=KgwYNalKdkPGBmVwuSiQIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756526185083084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Schematic diagram of the blast holes (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=loKzgUyU6uiLWZ+B+x+ejw==, figureFileBig=uYkcf2RP7x+MJvAgKtZumQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756526331883734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=图4, caption=炮眼布置示意图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=loKzgUyU6uiLWZ+B+x+ejw==, figureFileBig=uYkcf2RP7x+MJvAgKtZumQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756526445129950, 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figureFileSmall=Y+wuKEQNOhlAGgBIxwyLnQ==, figureFileBig=nN+qGd6I7gTRLXoZgcTudA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756527288185109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=图8, caption=给水管道沿轴向的PPV, figureFileSmall=Y+wuKEQNOhlAGgBIxwyLnQ==, figureFileBig=nN+qGd6I7gTRLXoZgcTudA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756528831688987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=The PPVs of the surface along the axial direction, figureFileSmall=8S4n/9gii7B6wQGupBNSWQ==, figureFileBig=T2g8s7H0TdDctHsco5k1OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756529007849765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=图9, caption=给水管道正上方地表沿轴向的PPV, figureFileSmall=8S4n/9gii7B6wQGupBNSWQ==, figureFileBig=T2g8s7H0TdDctHsco5k1OQ==, tableContent=null), 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ArticleFig(id=1241756529490194751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=图11, caption=给水管道内壁的PPV, figureFileSmall=PJ7+N3tKJEeQYlyUCCGnuQ==, figureFileBig=mimyqgAIQFvc8sAlrHEB6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756529574080836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=The PPVs of the water supply pipeline outer wall, figureFileSmall=osAvp3h60wrQ9a+j54ZLyQ==, figureFileBig=x+0JUUDNeJ9i3f4k/offSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756529712492875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=图12, caption=给水管道外壁的PPV, figureFileSmall=osAvp3h60wrQ9a+j54ZLyQ==, figureFileBig=x+0JUUDNeJ9i3f4k/offSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756529817350480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of the explosive

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(g·cm-3爆速/(cm·μs-1 A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E0/GPa
1.060.5216.40.1824.20.90.154.192
), ArticleFig(id=1241756529947373909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

炸药的物理和力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(g·cm-3爆速/(cm·μs-1 A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E0/GPa
1.060.5216.40.1824.20.90.154.192
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530131923289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and silt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 ρ/(g·cm-3 E/(1011 Pa) u纵波速度/(m·s-1 SIGY/(1011 Pa)ETAN/(1011 Pa) BETA C
岩石2.50.740.2553573.0e-50.0421.00.06
淤泥1.633.3e-50.4512504.0e-90.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530207420766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩石和淤泥的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 ρ/(g·cm-3 E/(1011 Pa) u纵波速度/(m·s-1 SIGY/(1011 Pa)ETAN/(1011 Pa) BETA C
岩石2.50.740.2553573.0e-50.0421.00.06
淤泥1.633.3e-50.4512504.0e-90.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530295501156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of the pipeline

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 参数 参数
密度ρ/(g·cm-32.4应变硬化指数N0.61
剪切模量G/GPa12.3准静态单轴抗压强度fc/MPa24
应变率系数C0.007最大拉伸静水压力T/MPa2.7
归一化粘结强度A0.79相对应变率ε0/(s-11×10-6
归一化粘结强度B1.6断裂前的最小塑性应变εmin0.01
归一化最大强度smax7损伤常数D10.04
压碎压力pc/MPa8损伤常数D21.0
压碎体积应变μc5.6×10-4损伤常数K1/GPa17.4
压实压力pt/GPa1.05损伤常数K2/GPa38.8
压实体积应变μ10.1损伤常数K3/GPa29.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530425524585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

管道的物理和力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 参数 参数
密度ρ/(g·cm-32.4应变硬化指数N0.61
剪切模量G/GPa12.3准静态单轴抗压强度fc/MPa24
应变率系数C0.007最大拉伸静水压力T/MPa2.7
归一化粘结强度A0.79相对应变率ε0/(s-11×10-6
归一化粘结强度B1.6断裂前的最小塑性应变εmin0.01
归一化最大强度smax7损伤常数D10.04
压碎压力pc/MPa8损伤常数D21.0
压碎体积应变μc5.6×10-4损伤常数K1/GPa17.4
压实压力pt/GPa1.05损伤常数K2/GPa38.8
压实体积应变μ10.1损伤常数K3/GPa29.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530530382192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of the air

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
  ρ/(g·cm-3 c/(m·s-1 S1 S2 S3 γ0 α e0/GPa
空气1.29E-033440001.4000
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530622656883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

空气的物理和力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
  ρ/(g·cm-3 c/(m·s-1 S1 S2 S3 γ0 α e0/GPa
空气1.29E-033440001.4000
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530727514490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of the artificial fill

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(g·cm-3泊松比u内聚力/kPa剪切模量/MPa内摩擦角/rad
1.980.351001500.31
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530836566400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

人工填土的物理和力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(g·cm-3泊松比u内聚力/kPa剪切模量/MPa内摩擦角/rad
1.980.351001500.31
), ArticleFig(id=1241756530928841095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of PPVs at monitoring point#1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点#1
X Y
现场监测/(cm·s-12.130.68
数值计算/(cm·s-11.760.64
误差率/%17.375.88
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531021115789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

监测点#1质点振动速度峰值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点#1
X Y
现场监测/(cm·s-12.130.68
数值计算/(cm·s-11.760.64
误差率/%17.375.88
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531130167696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

The PPVs of the water supply pipeline along the axial direction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
距对称面的距离/m00.601.201.802.403.003.604.204.805.406.00
管道上节点的PPVs/(cm·s-13.683.713.803.683.543.543.463.192.832.772.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531264385431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

给水管道沿轴向的PPV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
距对称面的距离/m00.601.201.802.403.003.604.204.805.406.00
管道上节点的PPVs/(cm·s-13.683.713.803.683.543.543.463.192.832.772.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531402797469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

The PPVs of the surface above the water supply pipeline along the axial direction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
距对称平面的距离/m00.601.201.802.403.003.604.204.805.406.00
管道正上方地表的PPV/(cm·s-13.613.613.613.573.553.483.403.263.122.952.77
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531516043682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

给水管道正上方地表沿轴向的PPV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
距对称平面的距离/m00.601.201.802.403.003.604.204.805.406.00
管道正上方地表的PPV/(cm·s-13.613.613.613.573.553.483.403.263.122.952.77
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531625095592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

The PPVs of the water supply pipeline inner wall

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角度/°0306090120150180210240270300330
管道内壁的PPV/(cm·s-15.568.8914.6815.9211.196.244.014.194.886.175.394.74
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531729953199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

给水管道内壁的PPV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角度/°0306090120150180210240270300330
管道内壁的PPV/(cm·s-15.568.8914.6815.9211.196.244.014.194.886.175.394.74
), ArticleFig(id=1241756533265068467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

The PPVs of the water supply pipeline outer wall

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角度/°0306090120150180210240270300330
管道外壁PPV/(cm·s-13.793.553.533.683.784.113.283.843.303.563.223.09
), ArticleFig(id=1241756533395091899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

给水管道外壁的PPV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角度/°0306090120150180210240270300330
管道外壁PPV/(cm·s-13.793.553.533.683.784.113.283.843.303.563.223.09
), ArticleFig(id=1241756533533503936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

The PPVs of the water supply pipeline inner wall and outer wall

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角度/°0306090120150180210240270300330
管道内壁PPV/(cm·s-15.568.8914.6815.9211.196.244.014.194.886.175.394.74
管道外壁PPV/(cm·s-13.793.553.533.683.784.113.283.843.303.563.223.09
), ArticleFig(id=1241756533655138753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

给水管道内壁和外壁的PPV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角度/°0306090120150180210240270300330
管道内壁PPV/(cm·s-15.568.8914.6815.9211.196.244.014.194.886.175.394.74
管道外壁PPV/(cm·s-13.793.553.533.683.784.113.283.843.303.563.223.09
), ArticleFig(id=1241756533789356487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

The peak effective stress of elements on the water supply pipeline

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角度/°0~3030~6060~9090~120120~150150~180180~210210~240240~270270~300300~330330~360
单元峰值有效应力/(105 Pa)4.727.385.677.618.486.288.8314.6819.1414.695.855.58
), ArticleFig(id=1241756533936157133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510829736343, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

给水管道单元的峰值有效应力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角度/°0~3030~6060~9090~120120~150150~180180~210210~240240~270270~300300~330330~360
单元峰值有效应力/(105 Pa)4.727.385.677.618.486.288.8314.6819.1414.695.855.58
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淤泥-岩石地层爆破临近给水管道振动特征
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尹涛 1a, 1b , 吉凌 1a , 李洪伟 1b , 周传波 2 , 何志伟 1b , 郑长青 3
爆破 | 安全与管理 2024,41(3): 222-231
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2024, 41(3): 222-231
淤泥-岩石地层爆破临近给水管道振动特征
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尹涛1a, 1b , 吉凌1a, 李洪伟1b, 周传波2, 何志伟1b, 郑长青3
作者信息
  • 1a.安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,淮南 232001
  • 1b.安徽理工大学 安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室,淮南 232001
  • 2.中国地质大学(武汉) 工程学院,武汉 430074
  • 3.珠海爆破新技术开发有限公司,珠海 519099
  • 尹涛(1989-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事爆破工程与岩土动力学研究工作,(E-mail)

    YIN Tao (1989-), male, Ph. D, lecturer, mainly engaged in blasting engineering and geotechnical dynamics research, (E-mail) .

Vibration Characteristics of Water Supply Pipeline near Rock Blasting in Silt-rock Strata
Tao YIN1a, 1b , Ling JI1a, Hong-wei LI1b, Chuan-bo ZHOU2, Zhi-wei HE1b, Chang-qing ZHENG3
Affiliations
  • 1a.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  • 1b.Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  • 2.Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
  • 3.Zhuhai Baopoxin Research & Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519099, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.026
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盾构机通过淤泥-岩石地层时,可以在地面钻孔预先爆破破碎岩石,但是淤泥-岩石地层爆破产生的振动威胁爆区周围供水管道的安全。通过对爆破振动进行现场测试和数值模拟,首先验证爆破现场材料的物理和力学参数,然后研究了爆区附近供水管道的动态响应。得出如下结论:在管道轴向上,节点峰值速度(PPV)随着距爆炸源水平距离的增加而减小;在管道正上方地表沿管道轴向,节点峰值速度也随着距爆炸源水平距离的增加而减小;管道上节点峰值速度与管道上方地面的节点峰值速度之间存在函数关系。管道内壁最大PPV是最小PPV的3.97倍,管道内壁90°处的节点峰值速度最高,管道外壁最大PPV是最小PPV的1.03倍,管道外壁150°处的节点峰值速度最高,每个节点的PPV彼此不同,给水管道内壁PPV大于外壁,内壁PPV变化较大,但外壁PPV相对接近。单元的最大峰值有效应力是单元的最小峰值有效应力的4.06倍,在管道外壁240°~270°处单元的峰值有效应力最高。本研究的结论可以为确定爆区周围供水管道的安全性提供参考。

振动特征  /  供水管道  /  岩石爆破  /  淤泥-岩石地层  /  数值模拟

Although the rock stratum can be blasted into blocks in advance on the ground when the shield machine bores through silt-rock strata, the vibrations generated by blasting in silt-rock strata will threaten the safety of the water supply pipeline near the blast area. Based on the blasting vibrations of field tests and numerical simulations, the physical and mechanical parameters of the materials on sites were verified, and the dynamic response of the water supply pipeline near the blast area was studied. The research results show that the peak particle velocity (PPV) decreases with the increase of the horizontal distance from the explosion source on the pipeline along the axial direction. The PPV also decreases with the increase of the horizontal distance from the explosion source on the ground surface above the pipeline along the axial direction, and there is a relationship between the PPVs of the pipeline and the PPVs of the ground surface above the pipeline. The maximum PPV of the pipeline's inner wall is 3.97 times the minimum PPV, and the PPV is the highest at 90° of the inner wall. Meanwhile, the maximum PPV of the pipeline's outer wall is 1.03 times the minimum PPV, and the PPV is the highest at 150° of the outer wall. Besides, the PPV of each node is different from that of the other, and the PPV on the pipeline's inner wall is more significant than that on the pipeline's outer wall. Although the PPV on the pipeline's inner wall changes significantly, the PPV on the pipeline's outer wall is relatively close. The maximum peak effective stress of the element is 4.06 times the minimum peak effective stress of the element, and the peak effective stress of the element is the highest at 240°~270° of the pipeline's outer wall.

vibration characteristic  /  water supply pipeline  /  rock blasting  /  silt-rock strata  /  numerical simulation
尹涛, 吉凌, 李洪伟, 周传波, 何志伟, 郑长青. 淤泥-岩石地层爆破临近给水管道振动特征. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (3) : 222 -231 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.026
Tao YIN, Ling JI, Hong-wei LI, Chuan-bo ZHOU, Zhi-wei HE, Chang-qing ZHENG. Vibration Characteristics of Water Supply Pipeline near Rock Blasting in Silt-rock Strata[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (3) : 222 -231 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.026
盾构法是一种先进的地铁施工方法,具有开挖速度快、机械化程度高、施工安全性好等优点,但在地铁隧道断面内经常出现复合地层,如葡萄牙Oporto地铁C线和S线[1]、新加坡Kranji隧道[2]、伊朗Tabriz地铁1号线等[3]。当盾构机通过淤泥-岩石地层时,隧道断面中的岩层不易破碎,而断面中淤泥层很容易进入土仓,当密封土仓内的土压力不平衡时,容易发生大规模沉降和坍塌事故。为了解决这个问题[4,5],地面钻孔预先爆破破碎岩石,破碎后的石块最大直径需要小于30 cm,然后碎石块可以通过TBM刀盘的开口顺利进入土仓,最后通过螺旋输送机排出。然而,爆破破碎岩石会产生振动,振动威胁临近供水管道的安全运行。
由于城市管道系统错综复杂,许多专家通过现场测试、理论分析和数值模拟等方法研究了管道系统在爆炸荷载下的动态响应。王栋等研究了钻爆法施工时周边埋地管道的动态响应特征[6]。Won J H等通过现场测试和数学分析研究了爆炸荷载下多层管道的动态响应特征[7]。Jin H等讨论了地铁隧道钻爆法施工过程时埋地管道的动态响应特征[8]。朱斌等通过动态测试研究了爆破期间管道和管道上方表层土壤的振动特性[9]。张震等研究了地铁站通道爆破开挖过程中相邻埋地管道的动态响应[10]。Zhang J等研究了土-岩石地层中爆破作用下埋地管道的破坏特征[11]。Parviz M等调查了不同地质条件和不同炸药下爆破造成的管道损坏特征[12]。钟冬望等通过现场实验和理论分析讨论了埋地聚乙烯管道在爆炸荷载下的动态响应[13]。Mokhtari M等通过数值模拟研究了爆炸荷载下埋地X65钢管的动态响应[14]。Song K等通过实验和数值模拟研究了X70钢管在爆炸荷载下的动态响应[15]。张黎明等调查了爆破施工期间临近地下管道的安全距离[16]。Giannaros E等使用LS-DYNA研究了爆源距离和爆炸量对复合管动态响应的影响[17]。Abedi A S等将管道建模为梁[18],并计算其在爆炸波等效动荷载下的位移。Zhong D等研究了冲击波作用下聚乙烯管道的动态响应[19]。Shi C等研究了隧道爆炸荷载下既有埋地管道的安全性[20]。Seyed-Kolbadi S M等研究了地面爆炸时埋地天然气管道的动态响应[21]。Guan X等研究了临近隧道爆破开挖引起的输水管道的响应[22]。综合目前国内外的研究,对淤泥-岩石地层中岩石爆破附近供水管道的振动特性研究很少。
以珠海地铁盾构区间岩石爆破工程为背景,通过现场测试和有限元数值模拟,研究了淤泥-岩石地层中岩石爆破临近供水管道的振动特征。研究结果为确定淤泥-岩石地层爆破周围供水管道的安全距离提供参考。
横琴站和横琴北站之间的盾构区间位于珠海市。地铁隧道为双洞单线,左线需要爆破破碎隧道起讫里程为DK10+320~DK10+414、DK10+587~DK10+703,右线需要爆破破碎隧道起讫里程为YDK10+380~YDK10+507、DK10+668~DK10+724。两条隧道地质剖面图分别如图1所示。
从地面到区间隧道有人工填土、淤泥、弱风化花岗岩三个地层,人工填土层厚0.30~15.10 m,淤泥层厚0.50~32.30 m,隧道断面的岩层厚度0.40~4.30 m。由于盾构隧道穿过淤泥-岩石地层,隧道横截面中的岩层需要爆破成碎石块。工程现场的装药如图2所示,爆破前和爆破后的岩心如图3所示。
从地表到盾构隧道有三个地层。第一个地层为人工填土,第二个地层为淤泥,第三个地层是弱风化花岗岩。炮眼直径为14.6 cm,炮眼深度为3400 cm,采用连续装药,装药长度为隧道断面范围内岩层厚度,隧道断面的岩层厚度为0.5 m。炮眼布置示意图如图4所示。
采用中科(成都)仪器有限公司生产的TC-4850振动记录仪测量爆破振动,爆破测振仪布置如图5所示。
通过现场测试和动态有限元软件模拟验证爆破工程所涉及材料的物理力学参数。
爆破岩石的模型是对称的,建立了二分之一模型来模拟计算以减少计算时间。立方体模型的长度为4580 cm(X方向),宽度为1200 cm(Y方向),高度为4150 cm(Z方向)。立方体模型如图6所示。
炮眼距左侧自由面500 cm。炮眼半径为7.3 cm。由于炮眼半径相对于模型尺寸太小,模拟计算时很容易产生畸形网格;因此,建立等效药包[23],将炮眼半径放大为30 cm。模型中装药高度为50 cm,岩石高度为550 cm,淤泥高度为3050 cm,人工填土高度为300 cm,空气高度为300 cm。管道距离右侧自由面1000 cm,管道埋深为200 cm,管道直径为120 cm,管壁厚度为15 cm,管道是空的。模型的前表面是对称边界,上表面是自由边界,其他表面是非反射边界。采用cm-g-μs单位制。
使用*MAT_HIGH_explosive_BURN材料模拟乳化炸药[24,25]。使用*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC材料模拟岩石[26,27]。使用*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC材料模拟淤泥[28]。管道由混凝土制成,使用MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CONCRETE材料进行模拟[29],材料模型的等效屈服强度是压力、应变率和损伤的函数,而压力是体积应变的函数,本构方程如下
式中:ABn是材料常数;是实际等效应力与静态屈服强度的比值;为无量纲压力;ε*=ε/ε0为无量纲应变率;D是损伤系数(0≤D≤1)。
*MAT_DRUCKER_PRAGER用于模拟人工填土[19]。*MAT_NULL用于模拟空气[30]。炸药、岩石、淤泥[28]、管道、人工填土和空气的参数通过现场测试和实验室测试获得[31]表1)。
炸药爆轰的状态方程可以用JWL方程来描述
式中:P是压力;ABR1R2ω是与炸药相关的材料常数;V是相对体积;E0是初始比内能。
根据赵根对乳化炸药在水中爆破时爆速D与水深h0之间关系的研究[32],并结合爆压与水深之间的关系式(3)。然后,可以获得爆轰压力PCJ、炸药密度ρ2和爆速D之间的关系。在数值模型中,炸药高度为0.5 m,装药位于34 m的水深处,炸药爆速为2733 m/s,因此,炸药的爆轰压力为1.98 GPa。
式中:PCJ是炸药爆轰平均初始压力,GPa;ρ2是炸药的密度,kg/m3D是炸药的爆轰速度,m/s;k是炸药的等熵指数,普通工业炸药取3。见表2表3
空气采用NULL材料模型,其满足GRUNEISEN状态方程
式中:c是剪切-压缩波速曲线的截距;P是压力;e0是初始比内能;μ=ρ/ρ0-1;ρ是材料的密度;S1S2S3是剪切-压缩波速曲线的斜率因数;γ0是UNEISEN常数;α是初始体积修正因数;ρ0是材料的初始密度。见表4表5
在现场测试了爆破引起的地表振动,监测点#1位于爆源右侧30 m处。表6列出了现场监测和数值计算的振动。结果表明,两者数据接近,误差在5.88%和17.37%之间。因此,使用数值计算模型和材料研究岩石爆破附近供水管道的振动特性是可行的[33]。见表6
为了研究淤泥-岩石地层爆破时临近给水管道振动特征,对给水管道沿轴向PPV的变化特点、给水管道正上方地表沿给水管道轴向的PPV的变化特点、给水管道沿轴向PPV和给水管道正上方地表沿给水管道轴向的PPV的函数拟合关系、给水管道内壁不同方向的PPV、给水管道外壁不同方向的PPV、给水管道内壁和外壁PPV对比分析、给水管道外壁单元的峰值有效应力等进行了研究。
选择给水管道内壁和外壁上节点和单元的位置如图7所示。
给水管道沿轴向的PPV如表7图8所示。
在沿轴向的给水管道上,PPV随着距爆炸源水平距离的增加而减小,PPV从3.80 cm/s减小到2.50 cm/s,距爆炸源的水平距离越近,PPV越大。
给水管道正上方地表沿轴向的PPV如表8图9所示。
在给水管道正上方地表沿轴向上,PPV随着距爆炸源水平距离的增加而减小,PPV从3.61 cm/s减小到2.77 cm/s,距爆炸源的水平距离越近,PPV越大,最大PPV位于炮孔中心连心线上。
通过数值模拟结果对管道PPV与管道上方地表PPV之间的关系进行了函数拟合,管道PPV和管道上方地表的PPV之间关系如图10所示。为确保淤泥-岩石地层中岩石爆破附近给水管道的安全,需要对管道的PPV进行测试,但挖掘土壤然后测试管道上的PPV工程量大,可以在管道正上方的地表测试爆破引起的PPV。
给水管道PPV与给水管道正上方地表PPV之间的关系如式(5)所示。
式中:Vp是给水管道的PPV;Vs是给水管道上方地表的PPV。
不同方向上给水管道内壁的PPV如表9图11所示。
最大的PPV位于给水管道内壁90°处,最大PPV为15.92 cm/s;最小的PPV位于给水管道内壁180°处,最小PPV为4.01cm/s;最大PPV是最小PPV的3.97倍,位于给水管道内壁90°处的PPV最高。
在给水管道内壁上,PPV在4.01 cm/s和15.92 cm/s之间,但每个节点的PPV彼此不同。
给水管道外壁不同方向的PPV如表10图12所示。
最大的PPV位于给水管道外壁150°处,最大PPV为4.11 cm/s;最小的PPV位于给水管道外壁330°处,最小PPV为3.09 cm/s;最大PPV是最小PPV的1.03倍,给水管道外壁150°处的PPV最高。
在给水管道外壁上,PPV在3.09 cm/s和4.11 cm/s之间,但每个节点的PPV彼此不同。爆炸产生的地震波在土壤-给水管道界面透射和折射,透射给水管道的波多次反射和折射,导致每个节点的PPV不同。
给水管道内壁和外壁的PPV如表11所示。
表11可以得出给水管道内壁的PPV大于给水管道外壁的PPV,给水管道内壁的PPV变化很大,但给水管道外壁的PPV相对接近。
给水管道不同方向上单元的峰值有效应力如表12所示。
单元的最大峰值有效应力位于给水管道240°~270°处,单元的最大峰值有效应力为19.14×105 Pa;单元的最小峰值有效应力位于给水管道0°~30°处,单元的最小峰值有效应力为4.72×105 Pa;单元的最大峰值有效应力是单元最小峰值有效应力的4.06倍,给水管道240°~270°处单元的最大有效应力最高。
给水管道由C35混凝土制成,混凝土抗压强度高但抗拉强度低,混凝土管道易受拉破坏。根据混凝土结构设计规范[34]C35混凝土轴心抗拉强度设计值为ftk=1.57 MPa,欧洲国际混凝土委员会建议考虑应变率强度的动态增长系数为1.31[35],得到混凝土管道动抗拉强度为ftk=2.06 MPa。混凝土管道动抗拉强度大于单元的最大峰值有效应力,混凝土管道在这种工况下是安全的。
以珠海地铁盾构隧道岩石爆破施工为背景,采用现场测试和有限元数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了淤泥-岩石地层岩石爆破附近给水管道的振动特性。得到如下结论。
(1)在给水管道沿轴向上,PPV随着距爆炸源水平距离的增加而减小。在给水管道上方沿轴向的表面上,PPV也随着距爆炸源水平距离的增加而减小。给水管道PPV与给水管道上方地面PPV之间的函数关系为:Vs=0.65Vp+1.18,其中Vp为给水管道上PPV,是给水管道正上方地表PPV。
(2)在给水管道内壁上,最大PPV是最小PPV的3.97倍,给水管道内壁90°处的PPV最高。在给水管道外壁上,最大PPV是最小PPV的1.03倍,给水管道外壁150°处的PPV最高。每个节点的PPV彼此不同,给水管道内壁PPV大于外壁,内壁PPV变化较大,但外壁PPV相对接近。
(3)在给水管道上,单元的最大峰值有效应力是单元的最小峰值有效应应力的4.06倍,单元在给水管道240°~270°处的峰值有效应力最高,混凝土管道在这种工况下是安全的。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41972286)
  • 安徽理工大学人才引进基金(13190208; 13220458)
  • 安徽理工大学青年基金(QNYB2021-01)
  • 安徽理工大学安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室(AHBP2022B-05)
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.026
  • 接收时间:2023-03-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-14
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41972286)
国家自然科学基金(41972286)
Fund for Talent Introduction, Anhui University of Science and Technology(13190208; 13220458)
安徽理工大学人才引进基金(13190208; 13220458)
Youth Fund, Anhui University of Science and Technology(QNYB2021-01)
安徽理工大学青年基金(QNYB2021-01)
Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology(AHBP2022B-05)
安徽理工大学安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室(AHBP2022B-05)
作者信息
    1a.安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,淮南 232001
    1b.安徽理工大学 安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室,淮南 232001
    2.中国地质大学(武汉) 工程学院,武汉 430074
    3.珠海爆破新技术开发有限公司,珠海 519099
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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