Article(id=1241756510288671126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692460800000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773987422773, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773987422773, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773987422773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773987422773, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241699613942543237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='260', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773973857626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992982583, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=205, endPage=211, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241756511630848434, articleId=1241756510288671126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Prediction of Peak Velocity of Blasting Vibration Based on SSA-BP, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To accurately predict the peak particle velocity (PPV) and effectively reduce the hazards of blasting vibration, a prediction model was built by BP neural network based on the blasting project of Xingguang No. 1 openpit mine. Seven influencing factors as core distance, plugging length, minimum resistance line, explosives unit consumption, maximum single-hole charge, total extension time, and maximum single-delay charge, were selected as input variables, and the correlation between each factor and PPV was evaluated by using the grey correlation analysis method. The Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) optimized the BP neural network to predict the three-way peak vibration velocity. By comparing and analyzing the prediction results of the BP neural network model, the average errors of the prediction results of the SSA-BP neural network model were 6.08%, 7.34%, and 1.91%, respectively, and that of the prediction results of the BP neural network model was 22.19%, 54.01%, and 25.29%, respectively. The results show that the SSA-BP neural network model comprehensively considers the influence of multiple blasting design parameters on the peak vibration velocity. The sparrow search optimization algorithm can effectively solve the problem of the traditional BP neural network model, which quickly falls into the local optimum. The prediction results are more accurate, and the vibration velocity monitoring value is more consistent with smaller errors. Meanwhile, it can significantly shorten the learning and training time of the sample data to speed up the convergence speed of BP. Additionally, it can also significantly shorten the training time of sample data and accelerate the convergence speed of the BP neural network prediction model.

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GAO Wen-xue (1962-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in teaching and research of roadbed and tunnel engineering, (E-mail) .
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为了精准预测爆破振动峰值速度(PPV),有效降低爆破振动的危害,以星光一号露天矿山爆破工程为依托,选取爆心距、堵塞长度、最小抵抗线、炸药单耗、最大单孔装药量、总延期时间、最大单响药量等7个影响因素作为输入变量,采用灰色关联分析法评估各因素与PPV之间的相关性,构建麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化BP神经网络的爆破峰值振速预测模型,对三向峰值振动速度进行预测,并与BP神经网络模型预测结果进行对比分析,得到SSA-BP神经网络模型预测结果的平均误差分别为6.08%、7.34%、1.91%,BP神经网络模型预测结果的平均误差分别为22.19%、54.01%、25.29%。研究结果表明:SSA-BP神经网络模型全面考虑了多种爆破设计参数对振动峰值速度的影响;麻雀搜索优化算法有效解决了传统BP神经网络模型容易陷入局部最优的问题,预测结果更精确,与振速监测值吻合度更高、误差更小;并且极大地缩短了样本数据的学习训练时间,加快BP神经网络预测模型的收敛速度,可为类似露天爆破工程质点峰值振速的预测提供借鉴。

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高文学(1962-),男,教授、博士研究导师,主要从事路基与隧道工程方向的教学与研究工作,(E-mail)
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李攀云(1999-),女,在读硕士研究生,从事路基工程方向的研究工作,(E-mail)

LI Pan-yun (1999-), female, master candidate, engaged in roadbed engineering, (E-mail) .

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李攀云(1999-),女,在读硕士研究生,从事路基工程方向的研究工作,(E-mail)

LI Pan-yun (1999-), female, master candidate, engaged in roadbed engineering, (E-mail) .

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李攀云(1999-),女,在读硕士研究生,从事路基工程方向的研究工作,(E-mail)

LI Pan-yun (1999-), female, master candidate, engaged in roadbed engineering, (E-mail) .

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Experimental study on blasting parameters optimization based on SSA-BP neural network[J]. Mining R & D, 2022, 42(1): 36-41. 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journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510288671126, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The measured data of blasting engineering in Xingguang No. 1 Open-pit Mine

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序号 a b c d e f g Vx Vy Vz
1120.72.052.80.3576.91626230.70.680.950.91
2162.52.052.80.3576.91626230.70.710.850.73
3231.42.052.80.3576.91626230.70.550.680.72
4415.52.052.80.3576.95707230.70.200.140.04
531.72.252.70.3254.16230162.30.390.450.35
655.32.252.70.3254.16230162.30.290.320.24
782.52.252.70.3254.16230162.30.250.230.25
8107.92.252.70.3254.16230162.30.140.200.16
996.32.052.80.3876.94480230.71.131.071.49
10142.62.052.80.3876.94480230.70.800.881.39
11176.92.052.80.3876.94480230.70.460.821.14
1254.03.502.50.4168.4326368.41.642.091.44
1356.03.252.90.2931.3178417.12.823.021.21
1464.03.252.90.2931.3178417.12.411.310.86
15191.03.252.90.2931.3178417.10.630.640.64
16230.03.252.90.2931.3178417.10.630.610.53
1769.03.252.90.2931.3178417.10.990.810.78
1869.92.252.70.3254.16230162.30.280.250.28
1977.03.502.50.4168.4326368.40.690.570.86
20113.32.052.80.3876.94480230.70.920.901.44
21410.12.052.80.3576.95707230.70.400.300.29
), ArticleFig(id=1241756525367193752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510288671126, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

星光一号露天矿山爆破工程实测数据

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序号 a b c d e f g Vx Vy Vz
1120.72.052.80.3576.91626230.70.680.950.91
2162.52.052.80.3576.91626230.70.710.850.73
3231.42.052.80.3576.91626230.70.550.680.72
4415.52.052.80.3576.95707230.70.200.140.04
531.72.252.70.3254.16230162.30.390.450.35
655.32.252.70.3254.16230162.30.290.320.24
782.52.252.70.3254.16230162.30.250.230.25
8107.92.252.70.3254.16230162.30.140.200.16
996.32.052.80.3876.94480230.71.131.071.49
10142.62.052.80.3876.94480230.70.800.881.39
11176.92.052.80.3876.94480230.70.460.821.14
1254.03.502.50.4168.4326368.41.642.091.44
1356.03.252.90.2931.3178417.12.823.021.21
1464.03.252.90.2931.3178417.12.411.310.86
15191.03.252.90.2931.3178417.10.630.640.64
16230.03.252.90.2931.3178417.10.630.610.53
1769.03.252.90.2931.3178417.10.990.810.78
1869.92.252.70.3254.16230162.30.280.250.28
1977.03.502.50.4168.4326368.40.690.570.86
20113.32.052.80.3876.94480230.70.920.901.44
21410.12.052.80.3576.95707230.70.400.300.29
), ArticleFig(id=1241756525509800098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510288671126, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of mean relative errors in peak velocity of three-way blasts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测模型径向/%切向%垂向/%
SSA-BP平均相对误差6.087.341.91
BP平均相对误差22.1954.0125.29
), ArticleFig(id=1241756525635629222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756510288671126, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

三向爆破峰值振速平均相对误差对比

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预测模型径向/%切向%垂向/%
SSA-BP平均相对误差6.087.341.91
BP平均相对误差22.1954.0125.29
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基于SSA-BP的爆破振动峰值速度预测研究
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李攀云 1 , 高文学 1 , 张小军 1 , 何茂林 1 , 葛晨雨 2 , 王林 2
爆破 | 安全与管理 2024,41(3): 205-211
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2024, 41(3): 205-211
基于SSA-BP的爆破振动峰值速度预测研究
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李攀云1 , 高文学1 , 张小军1, 何茂林1, 葛晨雨2, 王林2
作者信息
  • 1.北京工业大学 城市建设学部,北京 100124
  • 2.北京市政路桥股份有限公司,北京 100045
  • 李攀云(1999-),女,在读硕士研究生,从事路基工程方向的研究工作,(E-mail)

    LI Pan-yun (1999-), female, master candidate, engaged in roadbed engineering, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

高文学(1962-),男,教授、博士研究导师,主要从事路基与隧道工程方向的教学与研究工作,(E-mail)
Prediction of Peak Velocity of Blasting Vibration Based on SSA-BP
Pan-yun LI1 , Wen-xue GAO1 , Xiao-jun ZHANG1, Mao-lin HE1, Chen-yu GE2, Lin WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • 2.Beijing Municipal Road and Bridge Co., Ltd., Beijing 100045, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.024
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为了精准预测爆破振动峰值速度(PPV),有效降低爆破振动的危害,以星光一号露天矿山爆破工程为依托,选取爆心距、堵塞长度、最小抵抗线、炸药单耗、最大单孔装药量、总延期时间、最大单响药量等7个影响因素作为输入变量,采用灰色关联分析法评估各因素与PPV之间的相关性,构建麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化BP神经网络的爆破峰值振速预测模型,对三向峰值振动速度进行预测,并与BP神经网络模型预测结果进行对比分析,得到SSA-BP神经网络模型预测结果的平均误差分别为6.08%、7.34%、1.91%,BP神经网络模型预测结果的平均误差分别为22.19%、54.01%、25.29%。研究结果表明:SSA-BP神经网络模型全面考虑了多种爆破设计参数对振动峰值速度的影响;麻雀搜索优化算法有效解决了传统BP神经网络模型容易陷入局部最优的问题,预测结果更精确,与振速监测值吻合度更高、误差更小;并且极大地缩短了样本数据的学习训练时间,加快BP神经网络预测模型的收敛速度,可为类似露天爆破工程质点峰值振速的预测提供借鉴。

爆破振动  /  露天矿山  /  质点峰值振速预测  /  BP神经网络  /  SSA-BP神经网络模型

To accurately predict the peak particle velocity (PPV) and effectively reduce the hazards of blasting vibration, a prediction model was built by BP neural network based on the blasting project of Xingguang No. 1 openpit mine. Seven influencing factors as core distance, plugging length, minimum resistance line, explosives unit consumption, maximum single-hole charge, total extension time, and maximum single-delay charge, were selected as input variables, and the correlation between each factor and PPV was evaluated by using the grey correlation analysis method. The Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) optimized the BP neural network to predict the three-way peak vibration velocity. By comparing and analyzing the prediction results of the BP neural network model, the average errors of the prediction results of the SSA-BP neural network model were 6.08%, 7.34%, and 1.91%, respectively, and that of the prediction results of the BP neural network model was 22.19%, 54.01%, and 25.29%, respectively. The results show that the SSA-BP neural network model comprehensively considers the influence of multiple blasting design parameters on the peak vibration velocity. The sparrow search optimization algorithm can effectively solve the problem of the traditional BP neural network model, which quickly falls into the local optimum. The prediction results are more accurate, and the vibration velocity monitoring value is more consistent with smaller errors. Meanwhile, it can significantly shorten the learning and training time of the sample data to speed up the convergence speed of BP. Additionally, it can also significantly shorten the training time of sample data and accelerate the convergence speed of the BP neural network prediction model.

blasting vibration  /  open-pit mines  /  peak particle velocity prediction  /  BP neural network  /  SSA-BP neural network model
李攀云, 高文学, 张小军, 何茂林, 葛晨雨, 王林. 基于SSA-BP的爆破振动峰值速度预测研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (3) : 205 -211 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.024
Pan-yun LI, Wen-xue GAO, Xiao-jun ZHANG, Mao-lin HE, Chen-yu GE, Lin WANG. Prediction of Peak Velocity of Blasting Vibration Based on SSA-BP[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (3) : 205 -211 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.024
随着我国基础建设的不断发展,爆破开挖被广泛应用于路基工程、隧道掘进、矿山开采等工程中。而爆破产生的振动效应对边坡稳定性以及周边建(构)筑物的影响一直是爆破领域持续关注的问题。因此精准预测爆破振动峰值速度、降低或控制爆破振动引起的有害效应,是爆破工程领域亟待解决的问题之一[1]
目前,关于爆破振动速度的预测方法主要有基于经验公式的预测方法、数值模拟方法以及机器学习方法等[2]。在经验公式预测方面,诸多学者基于萨道夫斯基公式提出了一系列改进的爆破振速预测公式[3-5],但是大都只考虑爆心距和最大单响药量这两个主要影响因素,具有一定的局限性;在数值模拟方面,Yan Bing[6]、尤元元等利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件构建不同爆破参数条件下的有限元模型[7],对爆破振动速度的变化规律等进行了一系列研究;在机器学习方面,学者们研究表明在爆破振动预测模型中[8-10],对比常规经验公式与BP神经网络模型的预测效果,后者精确度更高且误差小。单一的BP神经网络预测模型会使结果陷入局部最优解,受样本数据的影响也会使收敛速度变慢。因此,范勇等将爆心距、最大单响药量、高程差和纵波波速作为输入变量[11],爆破振速作为输出变量,建立PSO-BP神经网络爆破振速预测模型;胡业红[12]、郭钦鹏等利用遗传算法优化BP神经网络[13],构建GA-BP神经网络爆破振速预测模型。麻雀搜索算法(SSA)作为一种新型的群体智能优化算法[14],全局搜索能力强、计算结果可靠、误差小,能加快BP神经网络的收敛速度,同时能避免结果陷入局部极值,目前在爆破振动速度预测方面的研究还相对较少。
基于星光一号露天矿山爆破振动监测数据,构建SSA-BP神经网络爆破峰值振速预测模型。通过与BP神经网络预测结果进行对比,探讨SSA-BP神经网络模型的计算精度和收敛效果,以期能有效地应用于工程爆破质点峰值振动速度的预测研究中。
BP神经网络是一种以误差反向传播训练的多层前馈神经网络模型。该模型的实现有两个过程:数据信号的正向传播和反向传播;其拓扑结构包括输入层、隐含层和输出层三部分,如图1所示。
隐含层节点数目的确定对BP神经网络预测性能有很大的影响。相关研究表明,隐含层节点数过少会导致BP神经网络丧失必要的学习能力和信息处理能力;隐含层节点数过多,会增加BP神经网络结构的复杂性、降低学习速度、出现过拟合的情况。根据Kolomogorow定律,隐含层节点数计算公式如式(1)所示[15]
式中:h为隐含层节点数;m为输入层节点数。
麻雀搜索算法(SSA)是薛健凯等受麻雀觅食行为和反捕食行为的启发,提出的一种群体智能优化算法。该算法模拟了麻雀觅食行为中出现的3种角色,分别为发现者、加入者和侦察者。
发现者在种群中负责提供食物的来源。加入者为了获得更丰富的食物,时刻监视并追随着发现者,甚至会争夺食物资源。当出现捕食者时,侦察者负责发出报警信号,所有麻雀做出反捕食行为。其中,发现者和加入者在整个种群中的占比是固定的,但角色身份是动态变化的,他们会随着自身能源储备的改变更新自己的身份;侦察者是在麻雀种群中随机选取的。
(1)在SSA算法迭代的过程中,发现者的位置更新如式(2)所示[15]
式中:指在迭代n次时,第i只麻雀在第j维中的位置信息;Nmax指的是最大迭代次数。α取值为(0,1];Q是一个随机数,服从正态分布;L表示一个1×d的全1矩阵。R2为预警值,取值为[0,1];ST为安全值,取值为[0.5,1]。如果预警值<安全值(即R2<ST),代表发现者可以在安全的捕食环境下进行搜索;如果安全值≥预警值(即R2ST),即代表捕食者被侦察者发现,麻雀种群收到报警信号迅速飞往其他安全的地方觅食。
(2)加入者的位置更新如式(3)所示[15]
式中:Xp指发现者占据的最佳位置;Xw指当前全局最差位置。A+=ATAAT)-1,其中A为一个1×d的每个元素为1或-1的矩阵。m是麻雀的数量,当i>m/2时,代表第i个加入者觅食情况不理想,此时需要更新觅食地点;当im/2时,加入者可以移动到最佳位置Xp,获得充足的食物。
(3)侦察者的位置更新如式(4)所示[15]
式中:Xb指当前全局最优位置;β指的是步长调节参数,服从标准正态分布;K是一个随机数,取值为[-1,1];fi指第i只麻雀的适应度值,fg代表当前全局最佳适应度值,fw代表当前全局最差适应度值;ε作为最小的常数,可以防止分母出现零,避免计算错误。
(4)计算适应度,用均方误差表示,如式(5),确定全局最优位置和最优解
式中:f为适应度值;n为样本量;yi为实测值,为预测值。
BP神经网络预测模型容易陷入局部最优解,导致结果准确度降低。本研究利用麻雀搜索算法(SSA)的全局寻优能力,优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值,提高预测结果的准确性。基于麻雀搜索算法优化BP神经网络(即SSA-BP模型)的流程图如图2
星光一号露天矿山爆破的布孔方式为梅花形,炮孔直径为ϕ 90 mm,起爆顺序为斜线起爆。基于现场实际监测情况,选取爆心距(m)、堵塞长度(m)、最小抵抗线(m)、炸药单耗(kg/m3)、最大单孔装药量(kg)、总延期时间(ms)、最大单响药量(kg)作为爆破峰值振速的影响因子,分别用abcdefg表示;选取径向峰值振速(cm/s)、切向峰值振速(cm/s)、垂向峰值振速(cm/s)的实测值作为模型输出变量,分别用VxVyVz表示。监测得到21组有效数据对模型进行训练和预测,前16组数据作为训练样本,后5组为预测样本。实测数据如表1所示。
灰色关联分析方法可以基于较少的样本数据,计算出子序列与母序列之间的关联度。为判定各影响因素分别对三个方向的爆破峰值质点速度是否有显著影响,采用灰色关联分析法对表1数据进行敏感性分析,得到的关联度结果如图3所示。
关联度值介于0~1之间,数值越大,子序列和母序列关系越密切。一般地,关联度在0.6之上时,相关性较强。由图3可知,7个输入变量对三向质点峰值振速都有显著影响。
(1)构建BP神经网络。根据表1,确定网络结构输入节点数为7,输出节点数为4;按照式(1)计算隐含层的节点数为15,即BP神经网络的拓扑结构为7-15-4。
(2)设置BP网络训练参数。该模型的训练次数设置为2000次,训练目标值为0.0001,学习率设为0.01。
(3)SSA算法参数初始化。初始麻雀种群规模为20,最大迭代次数为50,权值阈值范围为[-5,5],发现者比重PD为0.7,侦察者比重SD为0.2,预警值ST设为0.6。
SSA-BP神经网络露天矿山爆破振动峰值速度预测模型的适应度值变化曲线如图4
图4可知,该预测模型经过50次迭代,总体适应度值走势明显下降,其中迭代至如图蓝色圆圈标记处,即第17次,适应度就已经达到最小值1.3582×10-8。结果证明:SSA算法有较强的全局寻优能力,能有效加快BP神经网络预测模型的收敛速度,提高预测精度。
为了更直观地反映出SSA优化BP神经网络的显著效果,将SSA-BP神经网络和BP神经网络分别训练得到的三向峰值振速的均方误差进行对比分析,如图5所示。由此可以看出,与BP模型相比,SSA-BP神经网络模型训练误差曲线基本无波动。即经过SSA优化后,BP神经网络模型训练效果显著提升。
三向峰值振速BP、SSA-BP两种模型的平均相对误差对比如表2所示,预测结果如图6所示。
表2可得,SSA-BP径向振速预测模型的平均误差为6.08%;切向振速预测模型的平均误差为7.34%;垂向振速预测模型的平均误差为1.91%。对比两种模型的预测结果和误差,表明SSA-BP神经网络预测模型的准确度更高,更接近真实值。
依托星光一号露天矿山爆破工程,构建SSA-BP神经网络爆破质点振动峰值速度预测模型,并与BP神经网络模型预测结果和误差进行对比分析,得出如下结论:
(1)构建以爆心距、堵塞长度、最小抵抗线、设计单耗、最大单孔装药量、总延期时间、最大单响药量7个影响因素作为输入变量的爆破振动峰值速度预测模型,并且采用灰色关联分析法进行敏感性分析,全面考虑了多种爆破参数对振动峰值速度的影响,为类似工程预测爆破振动峰值速度提供参考。
(2)利用麻雀搜索算法优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值,可以大幅缩短样本数据的学习训练时间,增强BP神经网络的非线性动态映射能力,能够满足实际露天爆破振动速度预测的要求。
(3)对比分析SSA-BP和BP神经网络两种模型的预测结果和误差,SSA-BP模型得到的三向振速平均误差分别为6.08%、7.34%、1.91%;BP神经网络模型得到的三向振速的平均误差分别为22.19%、54.01%、25.29%。结果表明SSA-BP神经网络预测模型可以有效解决传统BP神经网络模型容易陷入局部最优的问题,预测结果更准确,与真实值吻合度更高,误差更小。
  • 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室开放基金(BL2021-23)
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2024年第41卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.024
  • 接收时间:2023-08-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-20
基金
Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering Foundation(BL2021-23)
爆破工程湖北省重点实验室开放基金(BL2021-23)
作者信息
    1.北京工业大学 城市建设学部,北京 100124
    2.北京市政路桥股份有限公司,北京 100045

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高文学(1962-),男,教授、博士研究导师,主要从事路基与隧道工程方向的教学与研究工作,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.024
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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