Article(id=1241756509466587541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691510400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773987422577, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773987422577, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773987422577, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773987422577, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241699613942543237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='260', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773973857626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992982583, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=130, endPage=138, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241756512088027601, articleId=1241756509466587541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Blasting Demolition Effect of Frame-shear Wall Structure under Influence of Incision Height and Delay Time, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To control the height and recoil distance of a frame-shear wall structure after demolition by blasting, a frame-shear wall residential building demolition project in Qingdao was chosen as the subject. The simulation analysis used ANSYS/LS-DYNA software and the orthogonal combination of collapse angle and crotch extension time difference. Firstly, a finite element model of the original scheme was built, and the model's validity was checked by comparing the variance between the model prediction and actual outcomes. Then, the trends of the structure recoil distance and burst pile height with the change were analyzed by changing simply the model's inter-span extension time difference and cut height. Furthermore, the semi-quantitative formulas for the relationships between recoil distance and burst height with notch height and inter-span delay time difference were proposed based on the outcomes of multi-scenario numerical simulation, which were allowed for the determination of the inter-span delay time difference and notch height for the cases of minimum structural recoil distance and burst height, respectively. Finally, the analysis was carried out on the acceptable span-to-span extension time difference and the range of blasting notch heights for demolition blasting of frame-shear wall structures. The results show four fundamental steps to the collapse of frameshear wall structures: blast notch creation, destabilized overturning, notch closure, and landing collapse. The study's findings indicate that the recoil distance of each model primarily increases at first and then decreases as the interspan extension of the blast section is prolonged at the same cut height. Meanwhile, there is a more significant disparity in the structure's recoil distance as the deferred time difference is extended, and the recoil distance increases with the height of the blast cut at the same inter-span extension. Additionally, the height of the detonation pile roughly decreases as the time lag increases. The shear walls simultaneously improve the structural integrity and prevent the building from collapsing during the collapse, resulting in better structural integrity after collapse. The structure reduces recoil distance when employing a short incision height and a 200 ms extension time difference. The most minor burst heights of the structures are those with considerable notch heights and a 300 ms delay time difference. A crotch delay time difference of between 270 and 420 milliseconds is adequate. More importantly, a large blast cut can lower the pile's height, while a tiny blast cut can effectively regulate the recoil. It can be reasonably chosen based on the demands of the area around the structure that will be torn down. The study can provide a guide for determining the incision height and delay time difference for demolishing frame-shear wall structures by blasting.

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SUN Hong (1999-), male, master candidate, mainly engaged in scientific research on geotechnics and blasting safety technology, (E-mail) .
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为了控制框架-剪力墙结构在爆破拆除后的爆堆高度和后坐距离,以青岛某框架-剪力墙结构居民楼爆破拆除工程为研究对象,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对倒塌角度和跨间延期时差正交组合的不同爆破方案进行模拟分析。首先,建立了原方案有限元模型,通过对比实际与模拟结果,验证了模型合理性;其次,仅改变模型的跨间延期时差与切口高度,讨论了结构后坐距离、爆堆高度分别随着二者变化而变化的趋势;然后,基于多方案数值模拟结果,分别提出了后坐距离、爆堆高度二者与切口高度和跨间延期时差相互关系的半定量公式,从而分别确定了结构后坐距离、爆堆高度最小情况下的跨间延期时差和切口高度;最后,分析了框架-剪力墙结构拆除爆破时合理的跨间延期时差以及爆破切口高度的范围。研究结果表明:在相同的切口高度下,各模型后坐距离大都随爆破区段跨间延期时差的延长先减小后增大,在相同跨间延期时差下,爆破切口高度越大,后坐距离就越大,同时,爆堆高度大致都随延期时差的延长而降低。对于此类框架-剪力墙结构,合适的跨间延期时差在270~420 ms之间。大爆破切口可以降低爆堆高度,而小爆破切口又能够有效控制后坐,对确定框架-剪力墙结构爆破拆除的切口高度和跨间延期时差具有一定的指导意义。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孙鸿(1999-),男,硕士生,主要从事岩土力学和爆破安全技术的科研工作,(E-mail)
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高文乐(1966-),男,硕士、教授,主要从事岩土力学和爆破安全技术的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

GAO Wen-le (1966-), male, master, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research of geotechnics and blasting safety technology, (E-mail) .

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高文乐(1966-),男,硕士、教授,主要从事岩土力学和爆破安全技术的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

GAO Wen-le (1966-), male, master, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research of geotechnics and blasting safety technology, (E-mail) .

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高文乐(1966-),男,硕士、教授,主要从事岩土力学和爆破安全技术的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

GAO Wen-le (1966-), male, master, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research of geotechnics and blasting safety technology, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Span-by-span inward collapse blasting demolition of frame structure building, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241756540189864493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=93, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=25, authorNames=高文乐, 李元振, 赵德龙, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高文乐, 李元振, 赵德龙, 等. 多截面承重立柱框架结构爆破拆除数值模拟研究[J]. 爆破, 2021, 38(1): 93-99., articleTitle=多截面承重立柱框架结构爆破拆除数值模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241756540311499310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=93, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=26, authorNames=GAO Wen-le, LI Yuan-zhen, ZHAO De-long, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Wen-le, LI Yuan-zhen, ZHAO De-long et al. Numerical simulation on blasting demolition of multi-section load-bearing column frame structure[J]. Blasting, 2021, 38(1): 93-99. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical simulation on blasting demolition of multi-section load-bearing column frame structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241756540386996784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=1, pageStart=96, pageEnd=103, 160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=27, authorNames=蒙云琪, 倪明亮, 操鹏, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒙云琪, 倪明亮, 操鹏, 等. 基于数值模拟的铁四院前大楼拆除爆破方案优化[J]. 爆破, 2018, 35(1): 96-103, 160., articleTitle=基于数值模拟的铁四院前大楼拆除爆破方案优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241756540449911346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=1, pageStart=96, pageEnd=103, 160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=MENG Yun-qi, NI Ming-liang, CAO Peng, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG Yun-qi, NI Ming-liang, CAO Peng, et al. Optimization of demolition blasting scheme of Tie Si Yuan former building based on numerical simulation[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(1): 96-103, 160. 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figureFileBig=ZoqvpsURafG+vvs3PsLw3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756530530382191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=CN, label=图14, caption=方案2结构触地图, figureFileSmall=nNQUSQgDwwgIZZpYPWj83Q==, figureFileBig=ZoqvpsURafG+vvs3PsLw3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756530626851188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Scheme 14 Structure touch map, figureFileSmall=4lWfq2J393AKsGYY82c88g==, figureFileBig=H8LohFuypjT5SCYzwSlfDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756530731708795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=CN, label=图15, caption=方案14结构触地图, figureFileSmall=4lWfq2J393AKsGYY82c88g==, figureFileBig=H8LohFuypjT5SCYzwSlfDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756530836566402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, 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figureFileBig=4sKE0dyf7nUBD0S8f0Fgqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756531260191127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of materials

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名称密度/(kg·m-3弹性模量/GPa泊松比抗拉强度/MPa
钢筋78502100.30320.0
梁、柱2500350.185.8
3200300.185.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531398603165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

材料物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称密度/(kg·m-3弹性模量/GPa泊松比抗拉强度/MPa
钢筋78502100.30320.0
梁、柱2500350.185.8
3200300.185.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531524432292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison table between actual and simulated results

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 实际数据/m模拟数据/m绝对误差/m相对误差/%
后坐距离4.85.20.48.3
爆堆高度9.89.20.66.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241756531616706982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实际效果与模拟结果比对

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 实际数据/m模拟数据/m绝对误差/m相对误差/%
后坐距离4.85.20.48.3
爆堆高度9.89.20.66.1
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Program information table

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组合形式100 ms200 ms300 ms400 ms500 ms
27°方案1方案2方案3方案4方案5
32°方案6方案7方案8方案9方案10
37°方案11方案12方案13方案14方案15
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方案情况表

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组合形式100 ms200 ms300 ms400 ms500 ms
27°方案1方案2方案3方案4方案5
32°方案6方案7方案8方案9方案10
37°方案11方案12方案13方案14方案15
), ArticleFig(id=1241756533390897592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Table of recoil distance of different scheme models (unit: m)

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 100 ms200 ms300 ms400 ms500 ms
27°4.673.614.204.435.15
32°5.164.194.414.885.81
37°6.055.114.825.566.72
), ArticleFig(id=1241756533525115327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756509466587541, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同方案模型后坐距离表(单位:m)

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 100 ms200 ms300 ms400 ms500 ms
27°4.673.614.204.435.15
32°5.164.194.414.885.81
37°6.055.114.825.566.72
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Table of explosion height of different scheme models (unit: m)

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 100 ms200 ms300 ms400 ms500 ms
27°11.7410.5110.159.9610.11
32°11.1210.739.699.439.31
37°10.419.448.789.289.04
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不同方案模型爆堆高度表(单位:m)

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27°11.7410.5110.159.9610.11
32°11.1210.739.699.439.31
37°10.419.448.789.289.04
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切口高度与延期时差综合影响下框架-剪力墙结构爆破拆除效果研究
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高文乐 1 , 孙鸿 1 , 寇玉明 1 , 闫桐庆 1 , 王燕萍 2 , 刘卫东 3 , 徐明 3
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2024,41(3): 130-138
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2024, 41(3): 130-138
切口高度与延期时差综合影响下框架-剪力墙结构爆破拆除效果研究
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高文乐1 , 孙鸿1 , 寇玉明1, 闫桐庆1, 王燕萍2, 刘卫东3, 徐明3
作者信息
  • 1.山东科技大学 土木工程与建筑学院,青岛 266590
  • 2.济南城建集团,济南 250031
  • 3.保利澳瑞凯管理有限公司,威海 264205
  • 高文乐(1966-),男,硕士、教授,主要从事岩土力学和爆破安全技术的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

    GAO Wen-le (1966-), male, master, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research of geotechnics and blasting safety technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

孙鸿(1999-),男,硕士生,主要从事岩土力学和爆破安全技术的科研工作,(E-mail)
Study on Blasting Demolition Effect of Frame-shear Wall Structure under Influence of Incision Height and Delay Time
Wen-le GAO1 , Hong SUN1 , Yu-ming KOU1, Tong-qing YAN1, Yan-ping WANG2, Wei-dong LIU3, Ming XU3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
  • 2.Jinan Urban Construction Group, Jinan 250031, China
  • 3.Poly Orica Management Limited, Weihai, 264205, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.016
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为了控制框架-剪力墙结构在爆破拆除后的爆堆高度和后坐距离,以青岛某框架-剪力墙结构居民楼爆破拆除工程为研究对象,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对倒塌角度和跨间延期时差正交组合的不同爆破方案进行模拟分析。首先,建立了原方案有限元模型,通过对比实际与模拟结果,验证了模型合理性;其次,仅改变模型的跨间延期时差与切口高度,讨论了结构后坐距离、爆堆高度分别随着二者变化而变化的趋势;然后,基于多方案数值模拟结果,分别提出了后坐距离、爆堆高度二者与切口高度和跨间延期时差相互关系的半定量公式,从而分别确定了结构后坐距离、爆堆高度最小情况下的跨间延期时差和切口高度;最后,分析了框架-剪力墙结构拆除爆破时合理的跨间延期时差以及爆破切口高度的范围。研究结果表明:在相同的切口高度下,各模型后坐距离大都随爆破区段跨间延期时差的延长先减小后增大,在相同跨间延期时差下,爆破切口高度越大,后坐距离就越大,同时,爆堆高度大致都随延期时差的延长而降低。对于此类框架-剪力墙结构,合适的跨间延期时差在270~420 ms之间。大爆破切口可以降低爆堆高度,而小爆破切口又能够有效控制后坐,对确定框架-剪力墙结构爆破拆除的切口高度和跨间延期时差具有一定的指导意义。

爆破工程  /  拆除爆破  /  框架剪力墙结构  /  数值模拟

To control the height and recoil distance of a frame-shear wall structure after demolition by blasting, a frame-shear wall residential building demolition project in Qingdao was chosen as the subject. The simulation analysis used ANSYS/LS-DYNA software and the orthogonal combination of collapse angle and crotch extension time difference. Firstly, a finite element model of the original scheme was built, and the model's validity was checked by comparing the variance between the model prediction and actual outcomes. Then, the trends of the structure recoil distance and burst pile height with the change were analyzed by changing simply the model's inter-span extension time difference and cut height. Furthermore, the semi-quantitative formulas for the relationships between recoil distance and burst height with notch height and inter-span delay time difference were proposed based on the outcomes of multi-scenario numerical simulation, which were allowed for the determination of the inter-span delay time difference and notch height for the cases of minimum structural recoil distance and burst height, respectively. Finally, the analysis was carried out on the acceptable span-to-span extension time difference and the range of blasting notch heights for demolition blasting of frame-shear wall structures. The results show four fundamental steps to the collapse of frameshear wall structures: blast notch creation, destabilized overturning, notch closure, and landing collapse. The study's findings indicate that the recoil distance of each model primarily increases at first and then decreases as the interspan extension of the blast section is prolonged at the same cut height. Meanwhile, there is a more significant disparity in the structure's recoil distance as the deferred time difference is extended, and the recoil distance increases with the height of the blast cut at the same inter-span extension. Additionally, the height of the detonation pile roughly decreases as the time lag increases. The shear walls simultaneously improve the structural integrity and prevent the building from collapsing during the collapse, resulting in better structural integrity after collapse. The structure reduces recoil distance when employing a short incision height and a 200 ms extension time difference. The most minor burst heights of the structures are those with considerable notch heights and a 300 ms delay time difference. A crotch delay time difference of between 270 and 420 milliseconds is adequate. More importantly, a large blast cut can lower the pile's height, while a tiny blast cut can effectively regulate the recoil. It can be reasonably chosen based on the demands of the area around the structure that will be torn down. The study can provide a guide for determining the incision height and delay time difference for demolishing frame-shear wall structures by blasting.

blasting engineering  /  demolition  /  frame-shear wall structure  /  numerical simulation
高文乐, 孙鸿, 寇玉明, 闫桐庆, 王燕萍, 刘卫东, 徐明. 切口高度与延期时差综合影响下框架-剪力墙结构爆破拆除效果研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (3) : 130 -138 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.016
Wen-le GAO, Hong SUN, Yu-ming KOU, Tong-qing YAN, Yan-ping WANG, Wei-dong LIU, Ming XU. Study on Blasting Demolition Effect of Frame-shear Wall Structure under Influence of Incision Height and Delay Time[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (3) : 130 -138 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.016
当建筑物完成了它的寿命后,翻新是可以采用的方案,但在大多数情况下,拆除是一个最优的选择[1]。目前主要有3种拆除方式:人工拆除、机械拆除和爆破拆除[2]。爆破拆除技术具有安全性高、工期短、经济性好等优点,为工程建设提供了极大的方便[3]。框架-剪力墙结构在拆除过程中的情况复杂,因此对其合理拆除提出了更高的要求。满足各种要求最重要且有效的方式就是通过设计合理的爆破参数,在确保建筑物定向倒塌的前提下来控制爆堆高度和后坐距离。
现在的爆破参数设计大多是基于工程经验,而拆除理论滞后,因此加大理论研究是当前最迫切的问题。Daigoro Isobe等基于10层钢结构建筑[4],通过对建筑物每个梁柱节点施加竖向荷载,评估建筑结构承重柱对结构的承重贡献的参数。发现若建筑物在初次爆破中没有受到太大的削弱,第二次爆破应在上下结构发生碰撞的瞬间或随后的较短时间内进行,以最大限度地发挥碰撞的作用。Peerasak Aemlaor等进行线性聚能装药钢筋混凝土构件中的钢筋的切割实验[5],研究结果表明切割钢筋所需的炸药量主要取决于混凝土保护层和钢筋直径,而不是混凝土的抗压强度。Yu Yan等研究了纵向钢筋直径、抗剪钢筋直径和抗剪钢筋间距对拆除爆破荷载作用下钢筋混凝土柱损伤响应的影响[6],建立了纵向和抗剪钢筋直径与损伤响应的关系。王树仁等以180 m高烟囱为工程背景分两个阶段对烟囱进行定向爆破拆除进行了试验研究[7],并对烟囱两部分的触地振动进行了监测,分析了烟囱爆破拆除的振动传播和衰减规律,发现爆破和烟囱触地产生的低频振动对周围环境影响较大。周晓光等基于LS-DYNA软件[8],对高层钢结构的爆破拆除工作进行仿真,发现仿真结构在实际拆除工作中可将相似度提高到97%。叶海旺等基于22层框架结构楼房[9],利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对排间延期时差的三种方案进行模拟,确定最佳延期时差为300 ms。孙金山等研究了爆破拆除过程中钢筋混凝土柱的动态行为进展[10]。基于实验结果,提出了一个应力瞬态概念模型来描述受爆破拆除的钢筋混凝土柱的应力状态。费鸿禄等针对框-筒结构提出立体化渐变起爆法[11],同时利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对进行模拟分析,发现此起爆法方法可以有效降低触地动能和内能。贾永胜等根据框架-剪力墙结构的特点[12],采用分区间隔延时的方法,并适当提高爆破切口高度,有效降低了爆堆高度。Qiang zhang等进行了钢筋混凝土框架结构的连续倒塌试验[13],发现其连续倒塌过程分为5个阶段且钢筋混凝土板不利于连续倒塌。同时进行限元模拟,得出楼板厚度越厚,越不利于结构的抗倒塌的结论。高文乐等针对小高宽比框架结构[14],利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件通过建立分离式共节点钢筋混凝土结构模型,对不同爆破切口高度下结构的倒塌过程进行模拟,结果表明倒塌角在30°~35°之间的切口高度较为合适。
因此对复杂建筑物进行爆破拆除时,既需要理论分析,又需要数值模拟,从而避免或减少因爆破方案不合理而带来的损失。然而,迄今为止,没有人进行爆破切口高度和跨间延期时差综合影响下的框架-剪力墙结构的爆破拆除研究。通过3种倒塌角度、5种延期时差的15种正交组合形式来研究结构倒塌的过程、爆堆高度和后坐距离,基于实验结果和量纲分析,得到此类框架-剪力墙结构后坐距离和爆堆高度关于切口高度和延期时差的半定量公式,寻找此类结构建筑物爆破拆除的最优爆破切口高度与延期时差。
此次作业具体周边环境如图1所示。待拆楼体距离9#、13#、17#居民楼与东南处幼儿园30 m、东侧高压线距离爆破区域42 m、在建楼房和板房55 m和47 m、南侧在建楼房40 m、西侧楼房50 m、北侧工地40 m。
以15#居民楼为例,为12层框架-剪力墙结构,每层高度2.9 m,总高度为37.5 m。梁及框架梁尺寸有300 mm×600 mm、300 mm×500 mm,剪力墙厚度为180 mm,楼板厚度为120 mm,其立柱布置具体位置如图2示。
经过综合分析,对15#居民楼选用定向倒塌爆破的方式,确定结构向正南方向倾倒。采用三角形爆破切口,待拆除结构1~3层作为爆破区域,切口高度南高北低,D排与E排立柱同时起爆。对于框架-剪力墙结构建筑物来说,合适的倒塌角度一般不小于27°。利用H=B×tan β对待拆除结构的爆破切口高度H进行计算[15],在本次方案中,取倒塌角β=32°,代入公式得到H=7.6 m。式中:B为建筑物宽度;β为倒塌角。
考虑到爆破工程中雷管数目较多,为减小爆破振动、冲击波及噪音的危害,设计采用双复式回路,尽量减少单段起爆药量,以确保网路安全,保证钢筋混凝土有充分时间自行解体。孔内采用毫秒、半秒差导爆管雷管,孔外用四通将其连通成双回路,从而组成四通双复式起爆网路。每个房间形成小回路,各房间形成中回路,上下层间采用导爆管连接,为进一步提高网路的可靠度,用四通在此网路的双回路中搭桥,使其相互连通成网。起爆点设在距离爆破点200 m处,设计起爆站在爆破前采用双发导爆管雷管连接导爆管主线,采用非电起爆器进行起爆。具体起爆段别以及延期时差见图3
爆破部位主要为结构的承重立柱与承重墙,以600 mm×600 mm立柱为例,其孔网参数如下:最小抵抗线w=300 mm;垂直一面纵向布孔一排,以中心线为准交叉布置;炮孔间距a=300 mm;炮孔直径d=38 mm;炮孔深度l=350 mm;装药结构为单层装药;单孔药量Q取160 g/孔,炸药总使用量为450 kg,并且对结构进行合理的预拆除[16]
利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对结构按照实际尺寸建立等比例分离式共节点模型。钢筋使用BEAM161单元,梁柱部位采用SOLID164单元,刚性地面与楼板采用SHELL163单元,综合考虑将该模型的单元尺寸设置为0.2 m[11,17-19]。建模时采用随动塑性材料模型*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC。选择关键字*CONTACT_ERODING_SINGLE_SUFACE定义结构内部及其与地面的接触,通过关键字*CONTACT_NODES_TO_SUFACE设置钢筋与地面之间的接触,避免钢筋击穿地面,利用*MAT_ADD_EROSION来使单元失效被删除[17-19]。钢筋、混凝土构件的物理力学参数如表1所示。混凝土构件有限元模型以及钢筋有限元模型分别如图4图5所示。
利用LS-DYNA软件对修改后的k文件进行求解计算,将得到的d3plot结果文件导入LS-ProPost中进行处理,以1 s为间隔,分别对实际拍摄的倒塌过程截图与仿真结果进行比较分析。最后以结构触地解体作为建筑物完成倒塌的标志,实际倒塌过程与模拟倒塌过程如图6所示。通过分析图6发现,该框架-剪力墙结构爆破拆除数值模拟与实际工程的倒塌历程和倒塌姿态保持高度一致,观察建筑物倒塌过程的数值模拟与影像资料,整个过程大致可分为爆破切口形成(0.2~0.5 s)、失稳倾覆(0.5~1.0 s)、切口闭合(1.0~2.4 s)、触地倾倒(2.4~5.4 s)四个阶段。图7图8分别为建筑物实际与数值模拟爆堆的示意图,具体对比数据见表2
图7图8所示,现实爆堆与数值模拟结果高度相似。两者均在结构最后排第二层顶部位置处发生折断,建筑物在倒塌结束后完整性保存较好,布置剪力墙位置处完整性尤其明显。倒塌过程中因为建筑物与地面撞击以及建筑物内部各构件的相互碰撞,结构南侧第一、二跨位置处受压破坏比较严重,混凝土基本被压碎,结构北侧由于布置的剪力墙较多,建筑物倒塌后解体程度不高。
表2所示,数值模拟的后坐距离、爆堆高度与实际情况有一定偏差,原因主要有:地面设置为刚性,数值模拟中建筑物触地解体程度较实际情况略好;数值模型中钢筋与混凝土单元在失效后会被删除,而在实际过程中钢筋网对失效的混凝土具有一定的粘结作用,使模拟结果中后坐距离偏大而爆堆高度偏小。从整体来看,误差范围在数值模拟允许范围之内,证明模拟结果合理准确。
在原方案基础上,仅改变建筑物爆破切口高度与各区段的延期时差,对于其他的参数设置均保持一致。具体方案见表3
分别对15种方案进行求解分析,以建筑物倒塌的竖向速度小于0.20 m/s为倒塌结束的标志,建筑物切口完全形成时刻、切口闭合时刻以及倒塌结束时刻的建筑物形态如图9所示。
用LS-PrePost软件得到各方案的后坐距离如表4所示,将表4中数据绘成折线图如图10所示。
通过图10可以看出,在相同的切口高度下,各模型后坐距离大都随爆破区段延期时差的延长先减小后增大,后坐距离最小值出现在中低切口模型200 ms和高切口模型300 ms延期时差下,在500 ms延期时差时后坐距离达到最大值。
对于上述3种切口高度,爆破区段延期时差由300 ms延长至500 ms时,低中高切口高度的后坐距离增长幅度分别为22.6%、31.7%、39.4%。由此可见,随着延期时差延长,结构的后坐距离差异会更加明显。这主要是因为延期时差增大会使结构在支撑立柱触地前经历的时间相应延长,结构在此过程中积蓄的能量更多导致结构底部产生的弯矩变大,后排支撑立柱外侧受拉破坏时断裂的位置更高。
在相同延期时差下,爆破切口高度越大,建筑物的后坐距离就越大,在300 ms延期时差下3种爆破切口方案间后坐距离差异最小,对于300 ms、400 ms和500 ms三种延期方案,切口高度由27°增长至37°时,结构后坐距离的增幅依次是14.8%、25.5%和30.5%。原因是随着爆破切口高度的增加,结构下部被削弱的部位也相应增加,后排支撑立柱发生断裂的位置相对上移。另外,从结构的具备的能量来看,高切口模型发生前倾的水平速度较低切口模型更大一些,建筑物倒塌过程中水平方向的速度越大,对断裂后支撑立柱产生的作用反力就越大,导致支撑立柱触地后的滑动距离有所增加。
为直观表现不同切口高度与延期时差对结构后坐的综合影响,将表4中数据绘制成后坐距离等高线如图11所示。可以发现,后坐距离等高线图大致呈半圆环状,以27°切口高度、200 ms延期时差为中心取得最小值,向周边呈放射状扩散分布,并在37°切口高度、500 ms延期时差时取得最大值。
表4中数据进行公式拟合如下所示
式中:D代表后坐距离;t代表延期时差β代表倒塌角。
后坐距离拟合公式曲面图与模拟数据的相对关系如图12所示,公式校正决定系数为0.92,可见拟合程度较好,对后坐距离的准确预测具有较高的参考价值。根据式(1)可知,控制结构后坐距离的最佳延期时差在270 ms附近,对于切口高度来说,在倒塌角为21°时后坐最小,因此需要在满足建筑物最小爆破高度要求前提下尽量选择小爆破切口。
各方案模型爆堆高度数据如表5所示,同时将表5数据绘制成折线图如图13所示。
通过图13可以发现,在相同爆破切口高度下,各方案爆堆高度大致都随延期时差的延长而降低。各方案延期时差在100~300 ms时,爆堆高度随延期时差的延长降低趋势明显,而延期时差在300~500 ms期间,爆堆高度减小的幅度逐渐平缓,甚至略有上升趋势。在相同的延期时差情况下,随着爆破切口高度的增加,爆堆高度大体呈减小趋势。爆堆高度最小值出现在37°倒塌角、300 ms延期时差方案下。
切口闭合时建筑物底部与地面的接触情况直接影响结构底部构件的破碎程度,同时也关系着后续建筑物的倾倒过程。为直观显示不同切口高度与延期时差下结构触地的形态,选取方案2与方案14模型中结构前跨触地情况如图14图15所示。
图14图15可以发现,以方案2为例,当切口高度和延期时差较小时,结构在下落触地过程中偏转角度较小,切口闭合时前排立柱的触地夹角较大,结构底部与地面接触的部分有限。另外,结构内部布置的剪力墙使得结构中部的完整性极大增强,无法使构件发生大规模的解体碰撞,导致建筑物受到冲击时的破碎程度较差。随后建筑物在倾倒过程中不断发生受压破坏,直至结构完全触地后解体结束,结构的破碎程度大都取决于其触地时具备的动能,故而这种方案下爆堆高度会较高。
随着切口高度与延期时差的增大,建筑物在切口闭合前经历的时间更长,从而积蓄的能量也更多。爆破切口处的构件失效后剩余梁板构件会形成悬臂结构,延期时间越长,悬臂结构在梁柱交接处越可能形成塑性铰,降低梁柱部位处的整体性。建筑物底部触地时与地面的接触面积越大,构件与地面发生碰撞时受力也较为均匀,使得建筑物的解体破碎程度大大提高,在结构继续向前倾倒的过程中,底部构件会随着结构与地面接触面积的增加而逐步发生破坏,直至底部构件所受的压力小于其抗压强度。因此这种情况下结构的破碎解体程度更高,爆堆高度也会相应降低。
表5中数据绘制成爆堆高度等高线如图16所示,可以发现由左下角向右上方延伸过渡较为平缓,小切口短延期方案下爆堆高度最大,大切口长延期方案下爆堆高度最小,小切口长延期与大切口短延期方案爆堆高度相差不大。
表5中数据进行公式拟合如下所示
式中:Z代表爆堆高度;β代表倒塌角度;t代表延期时差。
爆堆高度拟合公式曲面图与模拟数据对比情况如图17所示,公式的校正决定系数为0.90,拟合程度较好,对爆堆高度的准确预测具有较高的参考价值。通过对式(2)进行计算可知,在t=418 ms时爆堆高度取得最小值,而在倒塌角β=20°时爆堆高度取得最大值。因此,在进行爆破参数选择时应选择较大的切口高度,延期时差控制在420 ms附近,以达到降低爆堆高度的目的。
综上所述,考虑框架-剪力墙结构建筑物爆破拆除的后坐与爆堆高度影响,合适的跨间延期时差在270~420 ms之间;对于切口高度来说,大爆破切口可以降低爆堆高度,而小爆破切口又能够有效控制后坐,根据待拆除建筑物周围环境针对性选择合理的切口高度。
(1)15种方案都能按照预定设计完成倒塌,均具有建筑物倒塌与解体的四个阶段:爆破切口形成、失稳倾覆、切口闭合、触地倾倒。
(2)在相同的切口高度下,各模型后坐距离大致都随爆破区段延期时差的延长先减小后增大,爆堆高度大致都随延期时差的延长而降低。
(3)在相同延期时差下,爆破切口高度越大,建筑物的后坐距离就越大,随着爆破切口高度的增加,爆堆高度大体呈减小趋势。
(4)对于此类框架剪力墙结构,合适的跨间延期时差在270~420 ms之间;对于切口高度来说,大爆破切口可以降低爆堆高度,而小爆破切口又能够有效控制后坐。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51874189)
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2024年第41卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.016
  • 接收时间:2023-08-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-09
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874189)
国家自然科学基金(51874189)
作者信息
    1.山东科技大学 土木工程与建筑学院,青岛 266590
    2.济南城建集团,济南 250031
    3.保利澳瑞凯管理有限公司,威海 264205

通讯作者:

孙鸿(1999-),男,硕士生,主要从事岩土力学和爆破安全技术的科研工作,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.016
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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