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Article(id=1241756507428147741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1660579200000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773987422090, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773987422090, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773987422090, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773987422090, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241699613942543237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='260', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773973857626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992982583, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241756507801440805, articleId=1241756507428147741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Dynamic Strain Distribution and Damage Fractal Characteristics of Shale under Radial Uncoupled Charge Blasting, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the impact of a radially uncoupled charge structure on energy transfer and blasting effects of explosives, with the goal of improving energy efficiency and enhancing rock crushing, dinitrodiazophenol was placed in a standard shale specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm. A blasting model experiment was conducted using four radial uncoupled charge coefficients-1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5. The strain waveforms in the axial direction of the specimen were analyzed using the ultra-dynamic strain testing system and the complementary set empirical mode decomposition method. The strain behavior of different sections of the specimen was studied, along with the damage fractal dimension and crack development in these sections. The analysis of the explosive energy propagation laws, combined with the strain curve, revealed that the tensile strain peak values were generally higher than the compressive strain peak values. The specimen eventually failed after experiencing significant and repeated tensile and compressive stresses. Importantly, when the radial uncoupling coefficient was 1.5, the energy utilization of the explosive was significantly improved, along with the prolonged action time of the detonating gas. Additionally, the damage fractal dimension of the specimen section with an uncoupled charge structure changed from top to bottom in an “n-type” manner, resulting in the most uniform damage distribution across each section, a fully expanded crack area, and the best blasting effect.

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ZOU Ze-hua (1998-), male, master candidate, mainly engaged in rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .
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为研究径向不耦合装药结构对炸药能量的传递和爆破效果的影响，提高炸药能量利用率，增强岩体破碎效果，通过将直径为50 mm，高度为100 mm的标准页岩试件钻孔后装填二硝基重氮酚，控制45 mg的小药量，同时设置1、1.5、2、2.5四种径向不耦合装药系数，进行爆破模型实验。通过超动态应变测试系统、互补集合经验模态分解方法处理试件轴向各测点应变波形，分析试件不同段应变规律，并基于计盒维数理论，计算比较应变变化以及各测点处截面的损伤分形维数，对比试件不同区段裂纹开展情况，结合应变曲线对四种径向不耦合系数爆炸能量传播规律进行分析。结果表明：通过对比应变曲线，总体上拉应变峰值大于压应变峰值，试件受到较大且反复的拉、压应力后，最终发生破坏。实验表明径向不耦合系数为1.5时显著提高炸药能量利用，能延长爆生气体作用时间。不耦合装药结构试件截面的损伤分形维数从上至下呈n型变化，当系数为1.5时试件各段损伤分布最均匀，裂隙区能充分扩展，爆破效果最好。

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邹泽华（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石动力学方面研究，（E-mail）。
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杨国梁（1979-），男，博士、副教授，主要从事岩石动力学方面研究，（E-mail）。

YANG Guo-liang (1979-), male, Ph. D, Associate professor, mainly engaged in rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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杨国梁（1979-），男，博士、副教授，主要从事岩石动力学方面研究，（E-mail）。

YANG Guo-liang (1979-), male, Ph. D, Associate professor, mainly engaged in rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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杨国梁（1979-），男，博士、副教授，主要从事岩石动力学方面研究，（E-mail）。

YANG Guo-liang (1979-), male, Ph. D, Associate professor, mainly engaged in rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=爆破损伤), Keyword(id=1241756516609479404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756507428147741, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=分形维数)], refs=[Reference(id=1241756521554563096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756507428147741, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=11, pageStart=2226, pageEnd=2233, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=刘运思, 何楚韶, 傅鹤林, journalName=岩石力学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘运思, 何楚韶, 傅鹤林, 等. 冲击荷载下饱水板岩拉伸力学特性及能耗规律[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2020, 39(11): 2226-2233., articleTitle=冲击荷载下饱水板岩拉伸力学特性及能耗规律, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241756521655226403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241756507428147741, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=11, pageStart=2226, pageEnd=2233, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=LIU Y S, HE C S, 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Radial uncoupled explosion strain parameters at measuring point H1

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径向不耦合系数Kd炮孔直径/mm装药直径/mm装药长度/mm
1.05.05.010.0
1.55.03.323.0
2.05.02.540.0
2.55.02.062.5
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四种径向不耦合系数下装药长径

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径向不耦合系数Kd炮孔直径/mm装药直径/mm装药长度/mm
1.05.05.010.0
1.55.03.323.0
2.05.02.540.0
2.55.02.062.5
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Important measuring point uncoupling coefficient strain parameter table

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测点不耦合系数Kd拉应变峰值/104 με压应变峰值/104 με
H11.01.98610.9716
1.52.92171.8765
2.03.58571.1077
2.52.95341.7136
H21.02.20100.9670
1.51.28800.6078
2.01.66571.1227
2.51.77791.6207
H31.01.24191.1145
1.51.22110.4606
2.01.18880.4968
2.50.91990.7638
H41.00.80880.6388
1.51.14951.3409
2.01.02661.0802
2.51.88131.9832
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重要测点不耦合系数应变参数表

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测点不耦合系数Kd拉应变峰值/104 με压应变峰值/104 με
H11.01.98610.9716
1.52.92171.8765
2.03.58571.1077
2.52.95341.7136
H21.02.20100.9670
1.51.28800.6078
2.01.66571.1227
2.51.77791.6207
H31.01.24191.1145
1.51.22110.4606
2.01.18880.4968
2.50.91990.7638
H41.00.80880.6388
1.51.14951.3409
2.01.02661.0802
2.51.88131.9832
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Dimensional calculation results statistics table

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不耦合系数Kd平均值维数标准偏差维数标准偏差
1.01.388520.076430.00584
1.51.394970.050130.00251
2.01.345750.067070.00450
2.51.372710.103350.01068
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不耦合系数分形维数概率统计表

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不耦合系数Kd平均值维数标准偏差维数标准偏差
1.01.388520.076430.00584
1.51.394970.050130.00251
2.01.345750.067070.00450
2.51.372710.103350.01068
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径向不耦合装药爆破下页岩的动态应变分布及损伤分形特征
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杨国梁 1 , 邹泽华 2 , 张赫 3 , 李峰 1
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024,41(3): 26-32
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024, 41(3): 26-32
径向不耦合装药爆破下页岩的动态应变分布及损伤分形特征
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杨国梁1 , 邹泽华2 , 张赫3, 李峰1
作者信息
  • 1.中国矿业大学（北京）　力学与建筑工程学院，北京　100083
  • 2.北京市公安局　朝阳分局，北京　100025
  • 3.中国建筑第三工程局有限公司，长沙　410100

    • 杨国梁（1979-），男，博士、副教授，主要从事岩石动力学方面研究，（E-mail）。

    YANG Guo-liang (1979-), male, Ph. D, Associate professor, mainly engaged in rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

邹泽华（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石动力学方面研究，（E-mail）。
Dynamic Strain Distribution and Damage Fractal Characteristics of Shale under Radial Uncoupled Charge Blasting
Guo-liang YANG1 , Ze-hua ZOU2 , He ZHANG3, Feng LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanics and Architectural Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2.Chaoyang Branch of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Beijing 100025, China
  • 3.China Construction Third Engineering Bureau GROUP Co., LTD., Changsha 410100, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.004
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摘要
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为研究径向不耦合装药结构对炸药能量的传递和爆破效果的影响，提高炸药能量利用率，增强岩体破碎效果，通过将直径为50 mm，高度为100 mm的标准页岩试件钻孔后装填二硝基重氮酚，控制45 mg的小药量，同时设置1、1.5、2、2.5四种径向不耦合装药系数，进行爆破模型实验。通过超动态应变测试系统、互补集合经验模态分解方法处理试件轴向各测点应变波形，分析试件不同段应变规律，并基于计盒维数理论，计算比较应变变化以及各测点处截面的损伤分形维数，对比试件不同区段裂纹开展情况，结合应变曲线对四种径向不耦合系数爆炸能量传播规律进行分析。结果表明：通过对比应变曲线，总体上拉应变峰值大于压应变峰值，试件受到较大且反复的拉、压应力后，最终发生破坏。实验表明径向不耦合系数为1.5时显著提高炸药能量利用，能延长爆生气体作用时间。不耦合装药结构试件截面的损伤分形维数从上至下呈n型变化，当系数为1.5时试件各段损伤分布最均匀，裂隙区能充分扩展，爆破效果最好。

不耦合装药结构  /  爆炸应力波  /  动态应变  /  爆破损伤  /  分形维数

To investigate the impact of a radially uncoupled charge structure on energy transfer and blasting effects of explosives, with the goal of improving energy efficiency and enhancing rock crushing, dinitrodiazophenol was placed in a standard shale specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm. A blasting model experiment was conducted using four radial uncoupled charge coefficients-1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5. The strain waveforms in the axial direction of the specimen were analyzed using the ultra-dynamic strain testing system and the complementary set empirical mode decomposition method. The strain behavior of different sections of the specimen was studied, along with the damage fractal dimension and crack development in these sections. The analysis of the explosive energy propagation laws, combined with the strain curve, revealed that the tensile strain peak values were generally higher than the compressive strain peak values. The specimen eventually failed after experiencing significant and repeated tensile and compressive stresses. Importantly, when the radial uncoupling coefficient was 1.5, the energy utilization of the explosive was significantly improved, along with the prolonged action time of the detonating gas. Additionally, the damage fractal dimension of the specimen section with an uncoupled charge structure changed from top to bottom in an “n-type” manner, resulting in the most uniform damage distribution across each section, a fully expanded crack area, and the best blasting effect.

uncoupled charge structure  /  explosion stress wave  /  dynamic strain  /  blast damage  /  fractal dimension
杨国梁, 邹泽华, 张赫, 李峰. 径向不耦合装药爆破下页岩的动态应变分布及损伤分形特征. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (3) : 26 -32 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.004
Guo-liang YANG, Ze-hua ZOU, He ZHANG, Feng LI. Dynamic Strain Distribution and Damage Fractal Characteristics of Shale under Radial Uncoupled Charge Blasting[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (3) : 26 -32 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.004
正文
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实际工程中，不耦合装药结构能提高爆破效率、充分利用爆破能量降低爆破成本。随着岩石爆破理论研究的发展，国内外学者对如何提高爆破效果进行了大量研究。
爆炸碎岩效果与岩石动态力学特性有关。国内学者对岩体各向异性进行分析，发现加载角度对层理页岩动态力学性能有一定影响[1-4]。杨小林等通过用断裂力学研究其岩石裂纹作用机制[5]，总结探讨了爆破岩石裂纹起裂、扩展、分岔和止裂的规律。
基于岩石爆破理论，岩石破碎是由应力波与爆生气体共同作用，根据被爆介质的破坏特征，在耦合装药条件下，从炮孔由近及远可分为3个不同的影响区域[6]，岩石破碎是由爆炸应力波与爆生气体共同作用的[7,8]。冷振东等通过了一种计算钻孔爆破粉碎区范围的改进模型形[9]，采用不耦合装药结构时，药包周围空气介质的存在对爆生气体传播有一定影响，叶志伟通过不耦合装药工况下的爆破孔壁压力峰值测试[10]，建立了孔壁压力峰值与准静态爆生气体压力的关系。
在装药结构上，连续装药结构药包产生的应力波直接作用于岩体，造成周边介质的过度破碎，能量损耗过大。空气不耦合装药结构节约了药量，为爆生气体扩腔作用提供良好条件，且对岩体破碎能产生较好的效果。杨跃宗等通过理论分析认为岩石裂隙区形成集中于装药段且随不耦合系数增大而减小[11]。揭示了应力波在岩体中衰减规律。李书萱等[12]，通过不同的孔径和装药直径来改变试验的不耦合系数，通过比较爆后试件内部裂纹数量及分布、粉碎区大小等情况来分析三种不同的不耦合系数对爆破效果的影响。同时，国内学者通过观测爆炸应力波及爆生气体作用过程和爆生裂纹的动态断裂效应，得到了对岩石破碎程度最佳的不耦合系数[13-15]，在控制爆破应用方面有重要意义。
在目前不耦合装药结构的爆破机理与效果研究中仍以现场试验为主，不能对岩体各段损伤效果进行客观量化，本文对不同径向不耦合系数装药结构下的页岩试件进行爆破模型试验，以计盒维数理论为基础计算得到了各个区域裂纹的分形维数[16-18]，通过对损伤图片的二值化处理对页岩爆破损伤破坏的影响方面进行相关的研究[19,20]，对试件各段爆破损伤效果进行量化研究，为岩石爆破工程相关方面提供一些参考。
1　实验设计
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1.1　试件制备
本试验材料取自四川长宁—威远地区的龙马溪组露头页岩。通过采取X射线衍射的方法对该种页岩材料进行矿物成分分析，其中含有的主要矿物成分及其比例分别为：39.9%的石英、35.6%的方解石、11.8%的黏土矿物、8.9%为白云石、2.2%为黄铁矿、1.6%为长石。页岩层理面部分大多为碳酸盐类沙粒屑，其中以方解石和白云石混合物为主，混合物结构面切割较为连续，在爆破荷载作用下容易产生多种裂缝和空隙，试件经由爆破后效果明显，此次实验选用试件钻孔如图所示，层理面均平行于试件截面，钻孔角度垂直截面。
对页岩进行取芯、切割、打磨、钻孔后，将页岩原样品加工成直径为50 mm，高度为100 mm的标准试件，再对试件进行钻孔，孔心为圆心，钻孔直径为5 mm，钻孔深度为70 mm。其中，试件加工误差控制为±0.1 mm，端面平整度控制为±0.02 mm，且保证试件轴线与端面垂直，允许最大偏差量为0.25°，试件制备误差满足试验规范要求。见图1。
1.2　实验设备与实验方法
本试验在安徽理工大学爆炸试验场某实验室进行，试验所用炸药为二硝基重氮酚（DDNP），所用药量为45 mg，装药密度为0.23 g/cm3。试验采用的装药容器管壁厚度忽略不计，装药后用橡皮泥封堵，试件和套筒采取填充细沙用作吸收爆破能量，可认为是粘弹性边界。试件外侧沿轴向间隔布置多个应变片，用于测量试件径向应变，与外加套筒一起构成爆破加载装置，同时有效方式试件受爆炸作用后碎散，如图2所示。
页岩径向不耦合装药结构设置的一系列不耦合系数为Kd=1、1.5、2、2.5，药量均为45 mg，经计算可得出相应的装药规格见表1。将加工后的页岩标准试件沿外侧轴向布置四块电阻式应变片，从下至上所测点分别命名为H1、H2、H3、H4，测点H1、H2、H3间距均为20 mm，测点H1与试件底部端面，垂直距离为10 mm，测点H4与试件孔口端面垂直距离为10 mm。将装好的炸药放入炮孔后用橡皮泥封堵孔口，防止爆生气体溢出。本次实验均采用底部起爆方式从H2测点位置进行起爆。试件布置示意图如图3所示。
2　径向不耦合装药爆破效果分析
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2.1　径向不耦合装药拉应变峰值
通过CEEMD信号分解重构后所得爆破不同测点位置的径向应变曲线如图4所示。通过对不同径向不耦合装药结构爆破后的径向应变进行分析，根据岩石爆破作用理论，岩体爆碎是由爆炸应力波与爆生气体共同作用，在爆炸作用近区，周边介质超过其动态抗压强度，形成粉碎区，此时爆生气体迅速作用于破碎区裂隙周边介质，造成裂纹扩展，形成裂隙区。通过图4曲线可以发现，各测点并非简单受压或是受拉，而是测点附近区域先受到压应力作用，随后拉应力作用，且拉应变峰值大于压应变峰值，所以主要考虑各测点拉应力作用。
由表2可以看出，当Kd=1时，最大拉应变峰值产生在H2测点处（装药段），拉应变峰值为2.2010 με，在耦合装药结构下，耦合装药结构在H1、H3、H4测点拉应变峰值均有大幅衰减，在H4测点（堵塞段）拉应变峰值为H2测点的63.25%，为四种装药结构最小值，说明炸药产生的能量大部分作用在距离爆心最近处，以应力波的形式对装药段近区进行了过度粉碎，不利于爆生气体的裂隙开展作用，导致页岩岩体全段裂隙区的扩展不佳，能量利用效率较低。
由表2，结合图4测点H3在Kd=1、1.5、2时在装药段产生的拉应变峰值为12 419 με、12 211 με、11 888 με，对试件破坏作用效果几乎相同，但对比Kd=2.5与Kd=1.5时，Kd=2.5拉应变峰值下降22.6%，同时通过对比测点H3、H4各测点拉应变峰值亦可看出在药量一定的情况下径向不耦合系数Kd=1.5时能量耗散较为均匀，空气介质的存在能够使爆生气体能量均匀地分配到试件轴向各个位置，而Kd=2.5时，各测点拉应变峰值发生剧烈振荡，说明其爆炸作用的能量分布极不均匀，故Kd=1.5时对试件压碎区和裂隙区的产生较其他不耦合系数下的装药结构范围更大。
空气介质的存在使得爆生气体产生扩腔作用，扩大裂隙区范围，通过进一步对比分析不同不耦合系数的装药结构，由表2发现，在Kd=2时，测点H1产生了最大拉应变，对比其他三种不耦合系数下的拉应变峰值，在Kd<2时，空气段的存在对爆生气体传递提供了有利条件，使得拉应变峰值呈现上升趋势，但当Kd>2时，由于药量不变，但轴向装药区长度的增加使得爆破近区即粉碎区形成不充分，过大的长径比使得爆生气体能量不能集中作用于粉碎区裂隙，导致裂隙区开展效果不理想，拉应变峰值呈下降趋势，故在Kd=2时能量多运用于对试件底部的破坏，爆炸气体能量不能很好地对试件整体进行破碎作用。
通过图4所示，对比不同不耦合装药系数下H1~H4测点应变时程曲线，可以进一步说明岩体的破碎是由于应力波与爆生气体共同作用。整体来看，拉应变峰值均在时间50 μs时产生，应力波产生拉应变峰值后曲线迅速下降产生压应变峰值，随后在爆生气体作用下产生第二个拉应变波峰，致使裂隙区扩大，岩体破碎，第二个拉应变波峰下降沿时间明显较拉应变峰值下降沿长，说明爆生气体产生拉应变持续作用时间长，对岩体破碎有重要作用，结合图4，当应力波与爆生气体共同作用时候，Kd=1.5时，拉应变峰值下降沿持续作用时间为10.21 μs，与其余装药结构对比，可以得出合理的空气间隔延长了试件受拉作用时间。
2.2　爆破裂纹分形研究
2.2.1　分形计算处理
用切割机对定型后的试件进行分三段切割，分别距底面20 mm、35 mm、60 mm，所切位置依次为页岩段、装药段和空气段。截取试件截面图像，使得图像为正方形，且图像像素满足2k×2k，其中k为正整数，对图片进行调整灰度、选取阈值等操作，最终保留裂纹部分，通过ImageJ软件进一步的处理可得到试件裂纹的二值化黑白图像，最终拟合得到计盒维数。基于盒维数计算理论以及二值化图像的分析处理技术，运用MATLAB二值化图像盒维数计算程序将页岩试件各横截面照片损伤裂纹进行计算。见图5、图6。
2.2.2　径向不耦合装药爆破裂纹分形研究
通过图7、图8可以看出，对于爆破裂隙区各段分布来说，不同系数装药结构从上至下的裂隙区开展程度都是先增加后降低，形成“n”字变化趋势。而对于同段截面损伤，P1、P2分形维数都是随系数增加先增加后降低，P1截面分形维数在1.29829~1.42495范围内分布，P2截面分形维数在1.41534~1.45736范围内分布，均为系数为2时损伤最小，系数为2.5时损伤最大，P3、P4变化趋势则相反，P3截面裂纹分形维数在1.38421~1.45246范围内分布，P4截面裂纹分形维数在1.22432~1.3671范围内分布，均为不耦合系数1.5时损伤最大。
结合表3与图9不耦合系数Kd=1.5时裂纹分形维数相较于Kd=1、Kd=2.5的P1、P2截面有3%的减小，但在P3、P4截面，Kd=1.5的裂纹分形维数较Kd=1和Kd=2.5分别有8%和14%的增大，证明Kd=1.5应力波与爆生气体的能量利用更加充分。且通过表3可以看出，不耦合系数Kd=1、1.5、2、2.5时，试件各段分形维数均值分别为1.38852、1.39497、1.34575、1.37271，当不耦合系数为1.5时达到分形维数峰值1.39497，试件整体裂纹扩展程度最佳，岩体破碎程度相较其他不耦合装药结构更大，爆破裂纹条数更多，而且裂纹分叉也较多，应力波使得试件边缘受拉更强。此种情况下，药包径向与炮孔壁存在着少许的空气间隙，空气间隙对应力波与爆生气体存在缓冲作用，但适当的空气介质又改变了爆炸对试件的作用效果，延长了应力波与爆生气体的作用时间反而使得爆破效果比耦合装药更好，对于应力波的传递起到了良好的作用，同时比较表3中4种分形维数样本方差，不耦合系数Kd=1.5时计算P1~P4截面分形维数均值与标准偏差分别为1.39497、0.05013，与其他不耦合装药系数下标准偏差比较为最大均值与最小标准偏差，标准偏差降低说明此时试件各段分形维数变化最小，应力波在炮孔各段均匀形成破碎区，爆破作用的能量分配最均匀，最大分形维数均值说明此时爆生气体对裂隙区的扩展作用效果达到最佳。
值得注意的是，不耦合系数2.5时沿P2、P3至P4截面分形维数产生极大衰减，说明过大的空气间隔造成爆生气体作用过于分散，用于破碎岩体的能量分配过于倾向在P1截面，对整体裂隙区开展产生不利影响，从该方面看，当系数为1.5时，合理的空气间隔对于爆炸作用中各区段应力波对周边介质粉碎作用与爆生气体的扩腔作用均有良好响应。
3　结论
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结合对不同径向不耦合系数下的页岩试件爆破实验，分析了不耦合装药系数对爆破效果的影响规律，实验结果表明：
（1）不同不耦合装药系数下试件各测点应变趋势基本相似，药量不变时，随着径向不耦合系数增加，装药段达到应变峰值时间延长。
（2）不耦合系数为1.5时试件各段拉应变峰值较为均匀，爆生气体作用时间长，使裂隙区沿岩体径向进一步扩展。
（3）不同系数装药结构从上至下的裂隙区开展程度都是先增加后降低，分形维数形成“n”字变化趋势，装药段对页岩损伤破坏作用更大，逐渐向远处降低。
（4）不耦合系数为1.5时页岩的爆破破岩效果最佳，能量分配更为均匀，可以为页岩爆破工程提供理论支持。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(51934001)
文献
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2024年第41卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.004
  • 接收时间：2022-08-16
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期：2022-08-16
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51934001)
国家自然科学基金(51934001)
作者信息
    1.中国矿业大学（北京）　力学与建筑工程学院，北京　100083
    2.北京市公安局　朝阳分局，北京　100025
    3.中国建筑第三工程局有限公司，长沙　410100

通讯作者:

邹泽华（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石动力学方面研究，（E-mail）。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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