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Article(id=1241756506501214557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693843200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773987421870, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773987421870, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773987421870, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773987421870, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241699613942543237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='260', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773973857626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992982583, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=43, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241756507289743711, articleId=1241756506501214557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Effect of Joint Inclination Angle on Dynamic Properties and Energy Transfer of Deep Tuff, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the mechanical properties and energy transfer law of jointed deep tuff under one-dimensional dynamic loading, seven kinds of tuff specimens with specified natural joint inclinations were tested by SHPB test device. During the tests, the dynamic process was recorded by high-speed camera in real time. The influence of joint inclination angle on the dynamic response characteristics of deep tuffs was systematically analyzed in terms of dynamic strength, energy dissipation and macroscopic damage. The results show that tuffs has the lowest dynamic strength when the joint inclination is 45°, and the dynamic compressive strength and peak strain show a tendency of decreasing firstly and then increasing in the range of joint inclination angle increasing from 0° to 90°. Besides, the final damage modes of the specimens are controlled by the nodal inclination, and the final damage modes of tuff specimens with different nodal inclinations can be classified into tensile damage, tensile-shear composite damage and shear damage. When the incident energy is roughly the same, the reflection energy ratio and transmission energy ratio of tuff present a decrease-increase trend with the increase of natural joint inclination angle, with the lowest energy ratio at 45°. However, the trend of the dissipation energy ratio is opposite. The energy-time density increased first and then decreased with the increase of joint inclination angle. When the direction of load and joint is within 45°~60°, more energy is absorbed and used for self-crack propagation.

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LI Xiang-long (1981-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in the research on rock crushing and engineering blasting, (E-mail) .
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为探究含节理深部凝灰岩在一维动载作用下的力学特性和能量传递规律，采用SHPB试验装置对7种指定天然节理倾角的凝灰岩试件进行冲击试验；试验过程中通过高速摄影仪对动态过程实时记录。从动态强度、能量耗散和宏观破坏等方面系统地分析节理倾角对深部凝灰岩动态响应特征的影响规律，结果表明：凝灰岩在节理倾角为45°时，动强度最小，动态抗压强度和峰值应变在节理倾角从0°增加到90°的范围内呈现出先降低到后上升的趋势。试件的最终破坏模式受节理倾角的控制，不同节理倾角的凝灰岩试件的最终破坏模式可分为拉伸破坏、拉伸-剪切复合型破坏、剪切破坏。在入射能量大致相同的情况下，凝灰岩的反射能比与透射能比随着天然节理倾角的增加呈现先下降后上升的趋势，在45°时最低，耗散能比则相反。能时密度随节理倾角的增大为先增大后减小，荷载作用方向与节理在45°~60°时吸收的能量较多并用于自身裂纹扩展。

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李祥龙（1981-），男，教授、博士生导师，主要从事岩石破碎及工程爆破方面的研究，（E-mail）。
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田栩帆（1996-），男，在读硕士，主要从事工程爆破方面研究，（E-mail）。

TIAN Xu-fan (1996-), male, master degree candidate, mainly engaged in the research on engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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田栩帆（1996-），男，在读硕士，主要从事工程爆破方面研究，（E-mail）。

TIAN Xu-fan (1996-), male, master degree candidate, mainly engaged in the research on engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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田栩帆（1996-），男，在读硕士，主要从事工程爆破方面研究，（E-mail）。

TIAN Xu-fan (1996-), male, master degree candidate, mainly engaged in the research on engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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Energy composition of specimens with different joint angles

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Joint angle/（°） EI/J ER/J ET/J ED/J
0156.2099.9612.5143.73
15152.7796.2410.6945.84
30148.3388.998.8950.45
45163.1986.498.1768.53
60161.1987.0419.3554.80
75175.3696.4426.3252.60
90162.0887.5227.5547.01
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不同节理倾角试件能量构成

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Joint angle/（°） EI/J ER/J ET/J ED/J
0156.2099.9612.5143.73
15152.7796.2410.6945.84
30148.3388.998.8950.45
45163.1986.498.1768.53
60161.1987.0419.3554.80
75175.3696.4426.3252.60
90162.0887.5227.5547.01
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Energy density per unite time of specimens with different joint angles

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Joint angle/（°） ED/J VS/cm TR/ms EVT/（J·cm-3·ms-1）
043.7398.120.1064.20
1545.8498.680.1014.59
3050.4599.100.1064.80
4568.5399.260.1255.52
6054.8098.760.1104.91
7552.6099.350.1134.68
9047.0198.680.1114.29
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不同节理倾角试件能时密度

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Joint angle/（°） ED/J VS/cm TR/ms EVT/（J·cm-3·ms-1）
043.7398.120.1064.20
1545.8498.680.1014.59
3050.4599.100.1064.80
4568.5399.260.1255.52
6054.8098.760.1104.91
7552.6099.350.1134.68
9047.0198.680.1114.29
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节理倾角对深部凝灰岩动力学特性与能量传递的影响
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田栩帆 1 , 李祥龙 1 , 黄原明 2 , 赵艳伟 2 , 胡正祥 2
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024,41(3): 43-50
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024, 41(3): 43-50
节理倾角对深部凝灰岩动力学特性与能量传递的影响
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田栩帆1 , 李祥龙1 , 黄原明2, 赵艳伟2, 胡正祥2
作者信息
  • 1.昆明理工大学　国土资源工程学院，昆明　650093
  • 2.玉溪矿业有限公司，玉溪　653100

    • 田栩帆（1996-），男，在读硕士，主要从事工程爆破方面研究，（E-mail）。

    TIAN Xu-fan (1996-), male, master degree candidate, mainly engaged in the research on engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

李祥龙（1981-），男，教授、博士生导师，主要从事岩石破碎及工程爆破方面的研究，（E-mail）。
Effect of Joint Inclination Angle on Dynamic Properties and Energy Transfer of Deep Tuff
Xu-fan TIAN1 , Xiang-long LI1 , Yuan-ming HUANG2, Yan-wei ZHAO2, Zheng-xiang HU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • 2.Yuxi Mining Co., Ltd, Yuxi 653100, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.006
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摘要
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为探究含节理深部凝灰岩在一维动载作用下的力学特性和能量传递规律，采用SHPB试验装置对7种指定天然节理倾角的凝灰岩试件进行冲击试验；试验过程中通过高速摄影仪对动态过程实时记录。从动态强度、能量耗散和宏观破坏等方面系统地分析节理倾角对深部凝灰岩动态响应特征的影响规律，结果表明：凝灰岩在节理倾角为45°时，动强度最小，动态抗压强度和峰值应变在节理倾角从0°增加到90°的范围内呈现出先降低到后上升的趋势。试件的最终破坏模式受节理倾角的控制，不同节理倾角的凝灰岩试件的最终破坏模式可分为拉伸破坏、拉伸-剪切复合型破坏、剪切破坏。在入射能量大致相同的情况下，凝灰岩的反射能比与透射能比随着天然节理倾角的增加呈现先下降后上升的趋势，在45°时最低，耗散能比则相反。能时密度随节理倾角的增大为先增大后减小，荷载作用方向与节理在45°~60°时吸收的能量较多并用于自身裂纹扩展。

SHPB试验  /  深部凝灰岩  /  天然节理  /  能量耗散  /  动力学特性  /  节理倾角

In order to investigate the mechanical properties and energy transfer law of jointed deep tuff under one-dimensional dynamic loading, seven kinds of tuff specimens with specified natural joint inclinations were tested by SHPB test device. During the tests, the dynamic process was recorded by high-speed camera in real time. The influence of joint inclination angle on the dynamic response characteristics of deep tuffs was systematically analyzed in terms of dynamic strength, energy dissipation and macroscopic damage. The results show that tuffs has the lowest dynamic strength when the joint inclination is 45°, and the dynamic compressive strength and peak strain show a tendency of decreasing firstly and then increasing in the range of joint inclination angle increasing from 0° to 90°. Besides, the final damage modes of the specimens are controlled by the nodal inclination, and the final damage modes of tuff specimens with different nodal inclinations can be classified into tensile damage, tensile-shear composite damage and shear damage. When the incident energy is roughly the same, the reflection energy ratio and transmission energy ratio of tuff present a decrease-increase trend with the increase of natural joint inclination angle, with the lowest energy ratio at 45°. However, the trend of the dissipation energy ratio is opposite. The energy-time density increased first and then decreased with the increase of joint inclination angle. When the direction of load and joint is within 45°~60°, more energy is absorbed and used for self-crack propagation.

HSPB test  /  deep tuff  /  natural joints  /  energy dissipation  /  dynamical characteristics  /  joints inclination
田栩帆, 李祥龙, 黄原明, 赵艳伟, 胡正祥. 节理倾角对深部凝灰岩动力学特性与能量传递的影响. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (3) : 43 -50 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.006
Xu-fan TIAN, Xiang-long LI, Yuan-ming HUANG, Yan-wei ZHAO, Zheng-xiang HU. Effect of Joint Inclination Angle on Dynamic Properties and Energy Transfer of Deep Tuff[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (3) : 43 -50 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.006
正文
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大红山铜矿深部采场断层构造错综复杂，岩体被结构面垂直和水平切割，节理裂隙非常发育。节理作为岩体中最常见的一种不连续结构面，对岩体的强度有着极大的影响。尤其是在地震、爆破、冲击地压等动荷载扰动情况下，节理倾角对节理岩体的变形、能量衰减、破坏特性影响显著。
节理的几何参数主要包括节理的倾角、数量、厚度、密度等。Ramamurthy对3种千枚岩岩样指定角度β（0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°、90°）进行了单轴压缩试验[1]，基于试验提出各向异性度的概念。马芹永等针对7种不同倾角的节理砂岩试件进行霍普金森冲击试验[2]，从而得到其破坏规律和动态力学特性。殷志强等利用改造的动静组合加载SHPB装置[3]，针对人工构造节理试样，研究不同静载和不同节理吻合系数煤样的动态力学特性和应力波传播规律。刘红岩等对节理岩体的力学性质的深入研究表明[4]，节理几何参数与力学性质对岩体的力学特性影响显著，节理数量的增加，导致峰值强度减小；而节理倾角的增大，则会导致峰值强度的先减小后增大。许江波等对干燥与饱和两种状态下的不同节理角度的千枚岩进行SHPB试验[5]，分析得出节理倾角0°时强度最大，60°时强度最小，饱和状态下千枚岩峰值动强度降低，延性增强。杨圣奇等对完整及断续不平行双裂隙类岩石材料进行三轴压缩试验[6]，得出了带裂隙的岩石变形特性和破坏方式受预制裂隙和围压两种变量的影响规律。夏开文等利用分离式霍普金森杆（SHPB）加载系统和数字图像相关（DIC）技术对预制平行双节理类岩石材料板进行研究[7]，表明随着节理角度的增大，岩石材料板的强度变化规律为先增大再减小，最后又增大。Zou等通过试验总结了岩石试件分别在动静荷载两种状态下裂纹起裂和扩展的规律[8,9]，岩石试件的主裂纹分别为拉伸裂纹和剪切裂纹两种类型。宋彦琦等针对不同节理厚度的有机玻璃板进行动焦散试验[10]，发现充填物的厚度会影响裂纹扩展和扩展轨迹。Zhou等为了分析节理展开程度对裂纹扩展和聚结的影响[11-13]，对多个预制不同裂隙试件的实时裂纹聚结过程进行了研究。李地元等探讨了端部裂隙形态对岩石动态力学特性以及裂纹扩展的影响[14]，发现裂纹大多是从裂隙尖端或附近起裂，起裂裂纹为剪切裂纹或拉剪复合裂纹。王建国等采用模型试验方法[15]，从能量角度分析节理倾角对岩石中应力波传播的影响，并给出能量耗散比随节理倾角变化的表达式。潘博等对预制完整试件及7组不同节理角度的水泥砂浆试件进行冲击试验[16]，发现荷载最有利于破碎的作用方向与节理成角为30°~45°。
从上述研究发现，对节理岩体在动态冲击下的力学性能、动态裂纹扩展、破坏机制的研究主要以预制人工节理、预制裂隙等方式为主，对天然节理倾角岩体的研究较少。本次试验对节理倾角为0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°和90°的7种天然节理岩样进行冲击试验，分析自然状态下节理倾角对节理岩石动态力学特性与能量传递规律的影响。
1　试验设计
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1.1　试样制备
试验材料为大红山铜矿西矿段240水平采场同一地点的凝灰岩，该矿岩呈浅灰白色，平均密度为7784 kg/m3。试件为7种不同倾角的天然节理试件，采场爆破后选择岩芯完整，看不出有磨损的样品，按天然节理角度控制切割方向，制作高径比50 mm×50 mm的批量岩样。用α表示节理倾角，如图1（a）所示，α设置为0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°和90°共7组。根据SHPB试验的要求，使用打磨机对节理试件进行端面打磨，端面平整度控制在±0.02 mm内，表面平整度在0.02 mm以内，制作成型的试件如图1（b）所示。
在试件与传感器之间涂抹凡士林，信号发射传感器A和信号接收传感器B布置在试件的上下两端，沿冲击加载方向进行纵波波速测试。如图2所示，7组节理试件的平均纵波波速分别为2061.2 m/s，2177.6 m/s，2231.8 m/s，2256.6 m/s，2273.2 m/s，2313.7 m/s，2461.2 m/s，在2000~2500 m/s范围内，节理试件的纵波波速随节理倾角的增大而逐渐增加，但是相差不大，表明试件的纵波波速受节理倾角的影响较小。
1.2　SHPB试验系统和高速摄像试验系统
本次试验采用标准岩石动力学测试工具SHPB，试验装置如图3所示。系统主要包括入射杆、透射杆、吸收杆和冲头等，其杆件材质均是40 Cr合金钢。其中入射杆与透射杆直径均为50 mm，长度均为2 m，密度为7784 kg/m3，P波波速为5172 m/s。试验时使用纺锤形子弹来产生相似恒应变率的半正弦加载波形。
试验前，对部分试件进行单轴冲击试验，发现冲击气压维持在0.50 MPa附近，对冲击气压微调，使试样应变率大体相同，为了有效捕捉含不同倾角的天然节理凝灰岩试件的动态破坏过程，整个冲击过程使用高速摄像仪进行跟踪拍摄，拍摄帧率设置为40 000 fps，意味着大约每25 μs拍摄一次图像。
2　试验结果及分析
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2.1　动态应力平衡验证
通过对入射波形和反射波形进行平移相加后与透射波形几乎完全重合，表明试样的应力平衡条件得到满足，从而验证了试验结果的可靠性。图4为动态应力平衡验证图。
2.2　应力-应变关系
根据图5中凝灰岩试件在冲击荷载下的应力-应变图像可以分析得出：不同倾角的节理对凝灰岩试件的动强度产生的影响不同，可以大概分为两类强度水平。第一类：当节理倾角α为0°、15°、75°和90°时，动强度达到最高水平。第二类：当节理倾角α为30°、45°和60°时，动强度较低，其中节理倾角α为45°时达到最低水平。此外，不同节理倾角下的凝灰岩试件还表现出不同的应力-应变曲线特征。对于第一类倾角，即0°、15°、75°和90°，凝灰岩试件的峰后应力-应变曲线下降陡峭，表现出脆性破坏，破坏过程主要由岩石基体控制。而对于第二类倾角，即倾角为30°、45°和60°，试件的峰后应力-应变曲线下降缓和，表现出剪切破坏，破坏过程主要由节理控制。分析认为节理倾角30°、45°和60°试件相比较于节理倾角0°、15°、75°和90°试件在压应力作用下更容易发生沿节理滑动破坏故而更容易变形。
2.3　节理倾角对峰值应变的影响
由图6可知，在冲击荷载大致相同的情况下，节理试件峰值应变在经过冲击过程后受节理倾角的影响显著。随着节理倾角的增大，峰值应变整体变化近似于一个“V”字形变化，先减小后增大。0°~90°节理试件的平均峰值应变分别为：0.00542，0.00487，0.00328，0.00112，0.00283，0.00357，0.00432。0°和15°节理试件相较于其它角度试件峰值应变较高，其原因主要在于试件的节理两端受到压力而产生的破坏，节理里面存在间隙，使得节理在受压过程中有着较强的塑性形变能力。在倾角介于30°至90°之间的节理中，峰值应变表现出以45°为转折点，先下降后上升；节理倾角为45°的时候峰值应变达到最小，其原因为30°节理试件在冲击时节理受到压力表现出剪切破坏；45°和60°节理试件主要是岩石基体沿着节理发生滑动产生的破坏；在75°和90°节理试件中，节理的变形对峰值应变的影响较为有限，此时主要的变形是由岩石基体引起的。
2.4　动态抗压强度与节理倾角的关系
由图7可以看出，在相似冲击气压下，节理倾角对试件的动态抗压强度有一定的影响。0°~90°节理试件的动态抗压强度平均值分别为188.50、183.86、181.86、175.29、140.42、168.82、118.15 MPa。动态抗压强度以45°为转折点，动态抗压强度随着节理倾角的增大呈现出先下降后上升的非线性关系。表明节理试件的动态抗压强度对不同节理倾角的敏感度不同且存在着一个临界值使动态抗压强度最低。
2.5　典型试件宏观破坏分析
结合高速摄像机拍摄到的动态破坏图像，对于在冲击载荷下α=30°、45°和60°的岩样进行定性分析，以了解其冲击压缩破坏的整个过程。将凝灰岩的破坏过程划分为以下4个阶段（t=0 μs、t=100 μs、t=150 μs和t=400 μs），如图8~图10所示。
由图8~图10可知：当α=30°时，试件在冲击荷载的作用下，破坏刚开始出现一条与应力加载方向成一定夹角的主要裂隙，试件发生穿越节理的剪切滑移，之后主裂隙渐渐与周围的裂隙相互连接，最后贯通形成多个碎块；在α=45°时，破坏起始于一条与最大主应力加载方向平行的主裂隙，随后发生沿45°节理方向的剪切滑移破坏，破坏面都沿着节理方向。之后裂隙在沿节理方向上渐渐扩充、伸张，最终试件出现了沿着节理方向的滑动破坏现象。当α=60°时，在试验初期，首先出现了一条主要的沿节理方向裂隙，随着冲击破坏的进一步加剧，沿节理方向出现了多条裂隙，进而使试件发生沿节理的拉伸破坏。
3　节理角度对能量耗散的影响
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3.1　单位时间的能量密度
基于一维应力波理论及能量守恒定律，可将入射能EI、反射能ER和透射能ET三种能量可通过下式计算得到[17]
式中，A0、E0、c0分别是杆的横截面积、杨氏模量和一维纵向应力波速度。
在冲击试验过程中，试件的入射能EI全部转化为反射能ER、透射能ET和试件耗散能ED
为了使试件耗散能不受试件大小的影响，单位体积耗散能量对试件吸收应力波能量大小可以表示为公式（5）。除此之外，应力波在试件中的作用时间也能对能量耗散产生影响，使用能时密度表征，如公式（6）所示。应力波在试件中的作用时间为反射波的传播时间。
式中：VS为试件体积；EVT为能时密度；TR为反射波作用时间。
3.2　能量耗散分析
经过式（1）~（4）处理后得到的数据如表1所示。为了减小入射波幅波动造成的误差，对不同节理倾角试件的采用比值法分析。图11为试件反射能、透射能、耗散能占比与节理倾角变化关系曲线。
由表1和图11得出，节理倾角与ER/EI的比值的规律为：试件的反射能占比整体呈现出先下降后上升的趋势，节理倾角在0°~45°范围内变化时，反射能占比持续下降，由64%下降到52%；当节理倾角在45°~90°范围内变化时，以45°为转折点，反射能占比较逐渐增加，维持在52%到55%范围内。
在节理角度的影响下，ET/EI的变化规律为：节理倾角在0°~45°范围内变化时，透射能占比由随节理倾角的增大逐渐减小，在45°时达到最小；节理倾角在45°~90°范围内变化时，透射能占比逐渐增加。
随节理角度的变化，耗散能与入射能的比值ED/EI也有一定的规律：节理倾角在0°~45°范围内变化时，耗散能占比逐渐增加，由28%上升到42%；节理倾角在45°~90°范围内变化时，耗散能占比开始减小，由42%下降到29%；耗散能占比在节理倾角为45°时达到最大，这说明试件节理倾角为45°时能使入射能量得到充分的利用，使破碎效果得到明显的改善。
3.3　单位时间能量密度分析
记录了0°至90°不同节理倾角试样的反射波作用时间，并利用公式（6）计算了这些试样的能时密度值（EVT），计算结果见表2。
由表2和图12可知，试件能时密度EVT与节理倾角的规律表现为：EVT在节理倾角为0°到90°整体表现为先增加后下降的关系，在0°~45°角度范围内，试件吸收的能量随着节理角度的增加而不断增加，EVT值从4.20 J·cm-3·ms-1上升至4.59 J·cm-3·ms-1。当节理倾角为45°时，EVT值到达顶峰，说明入射能被试件充分吸收。在45°~90°角度范围内，试件吸收的能量逐渐减少，EVT值最低降至4.29 J·cm-3·ms-1。节理倾角从45°到60°时，EVT值较其它倾角处于相对较高水平，表明45°到60°试件能更好地吸收入射能量。在冲击过程中，节理试件吸收能量用于自身内部裂纹的萌发与发育。所以，当荷载作用方向与节理成45°角时，更利于试件的破碎。在施工时，通过合理匹配荷载作用方向和岩石节理之间的形成角度，可以有效地控制大块率，实现更高效、更彻底的岩石破碎。
4　结论
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基于SHPB开展了不同节理倾角的深部凝灰岩的能量传递规律及力学特性研究，得到如下主要结论。
1）在相同的冲击荷载作用下，随着天然节理倾角的增加，动态抗压强度和峰值应变近似呈现出“V”型变化，当节理倾角为45°时，动态抗压强度和峰值应变最小。纵波波速受到节理倾角的影响较小。
2）天然节理倾角α为30°、45°和60°时，试件动强度较低，在45°时最低，表现出沿节理的剪切破坏，破坏过程主要由节理控制。天然节理倾角α为0°、15°、75°和90°时，试件动强度达到最高水平，表现出脆性破坏，破坏过程主要由岩石基体控制。
3）随着天然节理倾角的增加，ER/EI受到节理的影响较大；ET/EI先下降后上升；ED/EI先上升后下降，当节理角度在45°时，试件的耗散能达到顶峰。EVT值在45°时达到最低，荷载作用方向和节理面的夹角成45°时，能够吸收更多的能量用于自身内部裂纹的萌发与发育。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274083)
文献
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2024年第41卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.006
  • 接收时间：2023-09-05
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-09-05
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant(52274083)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274083)
作者信息
    1.昆明理工大学　国土资源工程学院，昆明　650093
    2.玉溪矿业有限公司，玉溪　653100

通讯作者:

李祥龙（1981-），男，教授、博士生导师，主要从事岩石破碎及工程爆破方面的研究，（E-mail）。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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