Article(id=1241699617763554278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722787200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773973858538, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773973858538, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773973858538, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773973858538, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241699613942543237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='260', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773973857626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992982583, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241699618019406835, articleId=1241699617763554278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=A Method for Matching On-site Mixed Explosives with Rocks based on Controlling Energy Transfer Efficiency, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The matching relationship between explosives and rocks is crucial for improving the energy utilization efficiency of explosives, enhancing blasting effectiveness, and reducing costs. Firstly, this study analyzed the energy distribution during drilling and blasting operations. Then, the damage zone calculation model was revised considering the non-ideal detonation characteristics of explosives and the strain rate effect on rocks. And an on-site mixed explosives and rock matching model was then developed based on the control of energy transmission efficiency. Finally, field experiments were conducted to verify the rationality of the new explosive-rock matching method. The results show that the new method is more scientific and reasonable than traditional methods, and can intuitively reflect the blasting fragmentation effect and energy utilization efficiency, by taking account of the non-ideal detonation behavior of mixed explosives and the strain rate effects on rock damage partition. Blasting fragmentation tests under various explosive-rock matching conditions revealed discrepancies with the traditional wave impedance theory. By applying the new explosive-rock matching method, the percentage of fines was significantly reduced, and the boulder yield decreased from 6.7% to below 1%, further validating the method's effectiveness.

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LENG Zhen-dong (1989-), male, Ph. D, research professor, mainly engaged in research related to rock dynamics and mining technology, (E-mail) .
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炸药与岩石的匹配关系对于提高炸药能量利用率、提升爆破效果与降低成本至关重要。首先分析了钻孔爆破中爆破能量的分配规律,然后考虑现场混装炸药的非理想爆轰特性和岩石应变率效应对岩石钻孔爆破破坏分区计算模型进行了修正,在此基础上建立了基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配模型,最后结合现场试验对新的炸药-岩石匹配方法的合理性进行验证。结果表明:新方法综合考虑了现场混装炸药非理想爆轰特性和岩石应变率效应对爆破破坏分区范围的影响,可以直观地反映爆破破碎效果及能量有效利用率,更加科学合理。不同炸药-岩石匹配条件下的爆破块度试验证实了匹配结果与传统波阻抗理论并不总是一致,采用新的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配方法,爆破粉矿率较原有炸药参数有明显的降低,爆破大块率从6.7%下降至1%以下,进一步验证了新方法的合理性。

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冷振东(1989-),男,湖南益阳人,博士、研究员,主要从事岩石动力学与采矿技术相关的研究,(E-mail)
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崔雪姣(1985-),女,博士研究生、高级工程师,主要从事岩石动力学和工程爆破技术相关的研究,(E-mail)

CUI Xue-jiao (1985-), female, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in research related to rock dynamics and engineering blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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崔雪姣(1985-),女,博士研究生、高级工程师,主要从事岩石动力学和工程爆破技术相关的研究,(E-mail)

CUI Xue-jiao (1985-), female, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in research related to rock dynamics and engineering blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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崔雪姣(1985-),女,博士研究生、高级工程师,主要从事岩石动力学和工程爆破技术相关的研究,(E-mail)

CUI Xue-jiao (1985-), female, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in research related to rock dynamics and engineering blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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figureFileSmall=w2ruZhaHMvinJuNDkCMBYw==, figureFileBig=2kb3KLHqs5MnV+Ah2y+bPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756524490576027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241699617763554278, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同炸药匹配参数下的中风化泥岩爆破块度分析, figureFileSmall=w2ruZhaHMvinJuNDkCMBYw==, figureFileBig=2kb3KLHqs5MnV+Ah2y+bPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756524641570980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241699617763554278, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical properties of different rock type

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa纵波速度/(m·s-1密度/(g·cm-3波阻抗/(kg·m-2·s-1
砂岩(弱风化)1038.333602.809.41E+6
泥岩(中风化)322.528562.356.71E+6
), ArticleFig(id=1241756524779983031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241699617763554278, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同岩石的物理力学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa纵波速度/(m·s-1密度/(g·cm-3波阻抗/(kg·m-2·s-1
砂岩(弱风化)1038.333602.809.41E+6
泥岩(中风化)322.528562.356.71E+6
), ArticleFig(id=1241756524968726725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241699617763554278, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Explosive parameters under different matching methods (with constant unit consumption)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型匹配方法爆速/(m·s-1密度/(g·cm-3波阻抗/(kg·m-2·s-1爆破平均块度/m
砂岩(弱风化)本文匹配方法38010.853.23E+60.307
传统波阻抗匹配方法78401.20无法提供该炸药/
原有炸药参数52501.145.99E+60.355
泥岩(中风化)本文匹配方法32100.762.44E+60.244
传统波阻抗匹配方法55931.206.71E+60.295
原有炸药参数42300.843.55E+60.275
), ArticleFig(id=1241756525111333070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241699617763554278, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同匹配方法下的炸药参数(单耗保持不变)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型匹配方法爆速/(m·s-1密度/(g·cm-3波阻抗/(kg·m-2·s-1爆破平均块度/m
砂岩(弱风化)本文匹配方法38010.853.23E+60.307
传统波阻抗匹配方法78401.20无法提供该炸药/
原有炸药参数52501.145.99E+60.355
泥岩(中风化)本文匹配方法32100.762.44E+60.244
传统波阻抗匹配方法55931.206.71E+60.295
原有炸药参数42300.843.55E+60.275
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基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药与岩石匹配方法
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崔雪姣 1, 2 , 李启月 1 , 冷振东 3 , 姚颖康 4 , 周建敏 2 , 赵明生 2, 5
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024,41(3): 9-15
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024, 41(3): 9-15
基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药与岩石匹配方法
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崔雪姣1, 2 , 李启月1, 冷振东3 , 姚颖康4, 周建敏2, 赵明生2, 5
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,长沙 410083
  • 2.保利新联爆破工程集团有限公司,贵阳 550002
  • 3.中国葛洲坝集团 易普力股份有限公司,重庆 401121
  • 4.江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 5.贵州大学 矿业学院,贵阳 550025
  • 崔雪姣(1985-),女,博士研究生、高级工程师,主要从事岩石动力学和工程爆破技术相关的研究,(E-mail)

    CUI Xue-jiao (1985-), female, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in research related to rock dynamics and engineering blasting technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

冷振东(1989-),男,湖南益阳人,博士、研究员,主要从事岩石动力学与采矿技术相关的研究,(E-mail)
A Method for Matching On-site Mixed Explosives with Rocks based on Controlling Energy Transfer Efficiency
Xue-jiao CUI1, 2 , Qi-yue LI1, Zhen-dong LENG3 , Ying-kang YAO4, Jian-min ZHOU2, Ming-sheng ZHAO2, 5
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
  • 2.Poly Xinlian Blasting Engineering Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550002, China
  • 3.Gezhouba Group Explosive Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401121, China
  • 4.State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 5.Mining College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.002
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炸药与岩石的匹配关系对于提高炸药能量利用率、提升爆破效果与降低成本至关重要。首先分析了钻孔爆破中爆破能量的分配规律,然后考虑现场混装炸药的非理想爆轰特性和岩石应变率效应对岩石钻孔爆破破坏分区计算模型进行了修正,在此基础上建立了基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配模型,最后结合现场试验对新的炸药-岩石匹配方法的合理性进行验证。结果表明:新方法综合考虑了现场混装炸药非理想爆轰特性和岩石应变率效应对爆破破坏分区范围的影响,可以直观地反映爆破破碎效果及能量有效利用率,更加科学合理。不同炸药-岩石匹配条件下的爆破块度试验证实了匹配结果与传统波阻抗理论并不总是一致,采用新的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配方法,爆破粉矿率较原有炸药参数有明显的降低,爆破大块率从6.7%下降至1%以下,进一步验证了新方法的合理性。

钻孔爆破  /  破坏分区  /  岩石-炸药匹配  /  能量利用率

The matching relationship between explosives and rocks is crucial for improving the energy utilization efficiency of explosives, enhancing blasting effectiveness, and reducing costs. Firstly, this study analyzed the energy distribution during drilling and blasting operations. Then, the damage zone calculation model was revised considering the non-ideal detonation characteristics of explosives and the strain rate effect on rocks. And an on-site mixed explosives and rock matching model was then developed based on the control of energy transmission efficiency. Finally, field experiments were conducted to verify the rationality of the new explosive-rock matching method. The results show that the new method is more scientific and reasonable than traditional methods, and can intuitively reflect the blasting fragmentation effect and energy utilization efficiency, by taking account of the non-ideal detonation behavior of mixed explosives and the strain rate effects on rock damage partition. Blasting fragmentation tests under various explosive-rock matching conditions revealed discrepancies with the traditional wave impedance theory. By applying the new explosive-rock matching method, the percentage of fines was significantly reduced, and the boulder yield decreased from 6.7% to below 1%, further validating the method's effectiveness.

drilling and blasting  /  damage partition  /  explosive-rock matching  /  energy utilization rate
崔雪姣, 李启月, 冷振东, 姚颖康, 周建敏, 赵明生. 基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药与岩石匹配方法. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (3) : 9 -15 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.002
Xue-jiao CUI, Qi-yue LI, Zhen-dong LENG, Ying-kang YAO, Jian-min ZHOU, Ming-sheng ZHAO. A Method for Matching On-site Mixed Explosives with Rocks based on Controlling Energy Transfer Efficiency[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (3) : 9 -15 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.002
炸药和岩石之间的匹配关系一直以来是爆破工程中一个重要的研究领域,合理的炸药与岩体结构特性匹配对于提高炸药能量利用率、提升爆破效果与降低成本至关重要。常见的炸药岩石匹配理论主要有波阻抗匹配理论、全过程匹配理论、能量匹配理论,工程实践中使用最为广泛的仍然是波阻抗匹配理论[1-3]。传统的炸药与岩石波阻抗匹配理论在实际工程运用中存在局限性,仅凭爆破试验确定孔网参数及炸药类型的选择很难实现预期的爆破效果。
李夕兵等以传递到岩石介质中的爆炸能量最大为目标[4],修正了合理匹配时岩石与炸药参数之间的关系。钮强和杨小林等对不同的预制岩石试件采用不同阻抗的炸药进行了一系列室内爆破模拟试验[5,6],试验结果表明最佳匹配的炸药波阻抗并不一定等于试样的波阻抗。赖应得和郭子庭等根据简化的气体驱裂和能量分配模型[7,8],提出了炸药与岩石全过程匹配的观点和实施方法。赵明生等设计了不同的炸药配方[9],通过现场试验研究了不同混装炸药配方对炸药波阻抗的影响。冷振东等从爆破破碎机理出发[10],在保证相邻炮孔间岩石充分破碎的前提下,通过对粉碎区的合理控制来确定钻孔爆破最优的炸药性能参数,获得了炸药与岩石的匹配关系。Amir Khademian等采用不同炸药对花岗岩进行爆破试验[11],分析了不同炸药爆炸性能对岩石破岩效果的影响规律,获得了不同炸药与岩石的匹配关系。Raina等采用爆破压力测量方法探索了炸药与岩石之间的匹配关系[12]。冷振东等基于改进的非理想爆轰模型[13],采用数值模拟研究了不同耦合介质不同装药结构下炸药与岩石的匹配关系。Li Tingting等采用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件,研究了双孔爆破中岩石物理密度、弹性模量、泊松比、抗压强度和剪切模量与炸药性能的匹配关系[14]
近年来人工智能等开始被运用到炸药与岩石匹配关系的研究中。赵明生和叶海旺等基于BP神经网络和模糊数学方法,建立了炸药与岩石匹配模型[15,16],解决了岩石的复杂多变性和爆破过程的复杂性等问题。王祥厚等利用径向基神经网络[17],建立了台阶爆破块度的预测模型,实现了炸药与岩石破碎的匹配关系,为炸药与岩石相互作用机理研究提供了较好的研究思路。
炸药与岩石的匹配关系是一个复杂而精细的过程,涉及岩石性质、炸药性能、爆破参数以及爆破技术的综合考量。本文首先分析了钻孔爆破中爆破能量的分配规律,然后考虑炸药非理想爆轰特性和岩石应变率效应对岩石钻孔爆破破坏分区计算模型进行了修正,在此基础上建立了基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配模型,最后结合现场试验对新的炸药-岩石匹配方法的合理性进行验证。
炮孔中炸药起爆后的破岩过程涉及不同种类的能量,按照划分方法的不同,计算的方法也不相同,根据冷振东等的研究[18],可以采用以下简单的方法来区分,如图1所示。
根据能量守恒定律,按照岩石钻孔爆破产生的最终效果,炸药释放的能量可以表示为以下形式[19,20]
式中:Et为炸药释放的总能量;EF为产生裂纹消耗的能量;ES是转化为地震波的能量;EK是破碎岩块的动能;ENM为放热、空气冲击波和噪声等其他难以测量的能量。
Calnan、吴亮、李桐等人对钻孔爆破能量分配比例进行了统计分析[21-23],如图2所示,由于不同学者对爆破过程中的能量分类和定义不同,其能量类型和分配比例有着显著差异,但普遍认为实际工程中炸药破碎岩石的能量利用率仅为15%~30%,只有很少一部分用于岩石破碎和运动,大部分炸药能量转化为无用甚至有害的作用。由此可见,岩石钻孔爆破中炸药能量利用率还有很大的提升空间,这其中一个最重要的研究工作之一就是如果通过合理的炸药选型来实现炸药-岩石之间的最佳匹配,从而从源头提高炸药能量的有效利用率。
岩体爆破破坏区的范围的确定是研究爆炸能量分布与利用的基础,炸药爆轰压力变化规律及岩体动态强度特性是研究炮孔近区岩体破坏特征的关键,采用合理的炸药爆轰模型和岩石动态强度模型直接决定了炮孔破坏区范围计算结果的正确性。
苏联学者А Н Ханукаев给出的单个炮孔爆破形成的粉碎区和破裂区范围分别为[24]
式中:rc为粉碎区半径;rf为破裂区半径;rb为炮孔半径;σcdσS分别为岩体单轴和三轴抗压强度;σtd为岩体单轴抗拉强度;α为破碎区内应力波衰减指数;ρ为岩体密度;cp为岩体纵波速度;v为岩石泊松比;P0为炮孔压力。
岩体动态抗压强度与应变率的关系可近似统一表示为[4]
式中:σcdσcs分别为岩体动态和静态单轴抗压强度;为作用在岩体上的应变率。
岩体动态抗拉强度一般可采用以下幂指数模型表示[23]
式中:σcdσcs分别为岩体动态和静态单轴抗压强度;为抗拉强度变化临界值,κ为变化指数。
对于耦合装药结构,作用在炮孔壁面上的初始平均压力为波阵面上爆轰压力的一半[25]
式中:Dc是炮孔内约束条件下爆轰速度;ρ0为炮孔内炸药的密度;γ为等熵指数。
在爆破破坏分区的计算中的关键之一是正确确定炮孔压力值,常见的现场混装乳化炸药和现场混装铵油炸药的爆轰特性受到装药直径、耦合介质和岩体约束条件的影响,其爆轰过程存在明显的非理想爆轰特性。炸药爆速是和岩体约束条件相关的,Esen通过试验数据统计分析得到了在无约束条件下[26],炸药爆轰速度与装药直径存在以下关系
式中:mn为拟合参数;Du为无约束条件下的炸药爆速;DCJCJ爆速;d为炸药直径。
在炮孔内约束条件下,炸药爆轰速度可以通过以下经验公式计算
式中:M为炸药和约束介质的阻抗比,M=(ρrvp)/(ρ0Du);ab为常数,ab的取值分别为4.56和0.69;ρr为约束介质的密度;vp为约束介质的纵波速度。
综上,新的岩体爆破破坏区计算模型主要做了2个修正:一是引入了应变率效应对岩体动态强度的影响,二是考虑了工业炸药的非理想爆轰特性,即考虑了装药直径、耦合介质和岩体约束条件等因素对炸药爆轰压力的影响。
据能量守恒原理,消耗在粉碎区上的爆炸能量可分为破碎表面能、变形能、岩石移动的动能以及其他形式的能量,其他形式的能量所占比例较小,在计算中忽略不计,那么消耗在粉碎区上的总能量为[10]
式中:AIS为原始结构面的面积;GF为岩石的单位表面能,即临界能量释放率,分别为粉碎区细颗粒粒径在级配曲线上的上、下限;E为岩石的弹性模量。
从能量传输效率控制的角度来看,若消耗在粉碎区的能量过多,则用于粉碎区以外的开裂破碎的能量必然减少,导致炸药的有效利用率降低。因此要把粉碎区控制在合理范围,粉碎区范围的上限值[10]
式中:ηc为消耗在粉碎区上的能量占爆炸总能量的百分比;Ee为炸药能量。
另一方面,还需要有充分的爆破能量通过孔壁传递到粉碎区外围的岩石介质中去,使在岩石中形成的破裂区应足够大,保证相邻炮孔之间裂纹贯穿并保证裂纹有一定的重合度,实现相邻孔间岩石的充分破碎,如图3所示。
这就要求单个炮孔的爆破破裂区范围满足以下公式
式中:S为设计炮孔间距;ω为相邻炮孔之间裂纹之间的最小重合度。
根据上面的分析,现场混装炸药和岩石参数匹配合理时,粉碎区和破裂区的大小均应处于合理的范围。将公式(2)和(3)分别代入公式(10)、(11)中,可得最佳的炮孔压力范围值P0,进而由公式(6)~(8)可计算最优的炸药密度ρ0和炸药爆速DCJ等参数。这组匹配参数充分考虑了装药直径、耦合介质和岩体约束条件等因素对现场混装炸药的爆轰特性的影响。
在某大型露天矿山选择不同的岩性区域,开展了基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药与岩石匹配方法的验证性爆破试验,矿区主要有砂岩、泥岩两种类型,其基本物理力学参数如表1所示。
爆破试验前,矿区针对砂岩、泥岩分别采用的是现场混装乳化炸药(密度为1.14 g·cm-3,爆速5250 m·s-1)和现场混装铵油炸药(密度为0.84 g·cm-3,爆速4230 m·s-1),采用前文所述的现场混装炸药与岩石匹配方法给出合适的炸药性能参数如表2所示。同类岩石的对比试验中单孔药量保持不变,即不同实验组的炸药单耗是基本相同的。
爆破后采用WipFrag块度分析系统对不同炸药-岩石匹配条件下的爆破块度进行统计分析,如图4所示,证实了最优的炸药-岩石阻抗匹配区间与传统波阻抗理论并不一致,在中硬岩中已经无法通过波阻抗匹配方法得到合适波阻抗的炸药。
在单耗一致的前提下,软岩爆破中尽管铵油炸药相对乳化炸药的波阻抗匹配性更差,但是往往铵油炸药反而比乳化炸药的爆破效果更优。采用传统波阻抗匹配方法选择得到的炸药的密度和爆速过大,导致装药段主要集中在炮孔底部,在中风化泥岩的爆破试验效果表现为粉矿偏多,上部爆破大块明显,尺寸超过1.0 m的大块比例达13%。采用本文新的炸药岩石匹配方法,爆破粉矿率较原有炸药参数有明显的降低,爆破大块从原有炸药参数的6.7%下降至1%以下,验证了基于能量传输效率控制的混装炸药-岩石匹配方法是合理性。
本文分析了钻孔爆破中爆破能量的分配规律,从爆破破碎机理出发,提出在此基础上建立基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配模型,主要得出以下结论:
(1)炸药爆炸所释放出的能量只有很少的一部分被用于破碎和抛掷岩石,大部分炸药能量转化为无用甚至有害的作用,岩石钻孔爆破中炸药能量利用率还有很大的提升空间。
(2)新方法综合考虑了装药直径、耦合介质和岩体约束条件等因素对现场混装炸药的非理想爆轰特性的影响,以及岩石应变率效应对爆破破坏分区范围的影响,可以直观地反映爆破破碎效果及能量有效利用率,更加科学合理,可操作性强。
(3)不同炸药-岩石匹配条件下的爆破块度试验证实了匹配结果与传统的波阻抗理论并不总是一致,采用新方法得到的炸药参数条件下的爆破粉矿率和大块率均有显著下降,验证了基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配方法的合理性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(5180901652064003)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0079)
  • 精细爆破国家重点实验室、爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022C02)
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2024年第41卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.002
  • 接收时间:2024-08-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-05
基金
Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(5180901652064003)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(5180901652064003)
Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0079)
重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0079)
Joint Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting and Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering(PBSKL2022C02)
精细爆破国家重点实验室、爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022C02)
作者信息
    1.中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,长沙 410083
    2.保利新联爆破工程集团有限公司,贵阳 550002
    3.中国葛洲坝集团 易普力股份有限公司,重庆 401121
    4.江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
    5.贵州大学 矿业学院,贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

冷振东(1989-),男,湖南益阳人,博士、研究员,主要从事岩石动力学与采矿技术相关的研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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