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Article(id=1241699615918060433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708272000000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773973858097, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773973858097, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773973858097, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773973858097, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241699613942543237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='260', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773973857626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992982583, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779829880721844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241699613942543237, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=69, endPage=74, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241699616173912983, articleId=1241699615918060433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Planar Impact Experiment and State Equation under High Pressure of Red Sandstone, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The high-pressure equation of state is the basis of studying the failure mechanism of materials and the propagation law of shock waves under explosion or impact loading. The state of rock has a wide range of applications in the numerical calculation of mining, meteorite impact cratering, rock impact protection, etc. Using a two-stage light gas gun and Photon Doppler Velocimeter (PDV), the Hugoniot relationship, high-pressure equation of state and volume strain equation of red sandstone were studied. The lowest and the highest impact pressure generated by the collision were 7.2 GPa and 19.4 GPa, respectively, and the lowest and the highest planar impact velocity were 0.88 km/s and 1.97 km/s, respectively. At the same time, optic probes were used to measure the shock wave velocity of rock samples. However, The Hugoniot-Elastic-Limit (HEL) point of the red sandstone was not found in the free surface velocity profile recorded by the PDV, indicating that the red sandstone was in a near-fluid state within this impact pressure range. Furthermore, the shock wave velocity D and particle velocity u were linearly fit by the least square method, and the Hugoniot parameters of the red sandstone were C0=3.04 and λ=1.14, respectively. In addition, the relationship between the volumetric strain η and the impact pressure P were obtained by polynomial fitting, which was P=116η-745η2+1845η3, and the nonlinear fitting coefficient was 0.993. The Hugoniot equation of state and bulk strain equation of red sandstone obtained in this work can provide reference data for numerical calculation and engineering application in red sandstone rock blasting, shock protection engineering, and so on.

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YANG Gang (1989-), male, lecturer, Ph. D, mainly engaged in impact dynamics and gas rock-breaking research, (E-mail) .
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高压状态方程是研究材料在爆炸冲击作用下破坏机制及冲击波传播规律的基础，岩石高压状态方程在矿山开采、陨石冲击成坑、岩体冲击防护等数值计算方面有着广泛的应用需求。基于二级轻气炮发射平台和光子多普勒测速系统，采用平板撞击研究了红砂岩的Hugoniot冲击关系、高压状态方程和体应变方程。平板撞击实验最低速度为0.88 km/s，最高至1.97 km/s，碰撞产生的最低冲击压力为7.2 GPa，最高冲击压力为19.4 GPa。采用光探针测量岩样的冲击波速度，光子多普勒测速系统记录的自由面质点速度剖面未出现红砂岩的Hugoniot弹塑性转变点，表明在此冲击压力范围内红砂岩为近流体状态。采用最小二乘法对冲击波速度D和质点速度u进行线性拟合，获得红砂岩的冲击Hugoniot参数分别为C0=3.04和λ=1.14。采用三次多项式对红砂岩体应变η与冲击压力P进行非线性拟合，获得红砂岩体应变η与冲击压力P之间的关系式为P=116η-745η2+1845η3，非线性拟合系数R=0.993。冲击加载下红砂岩Hugoniot状态方程和体应变方程可为红砂岩岩体爆破、岩体冲击防护等领域的数值计算和工程应用提供基础参考数据。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨刚（1989-），男，讲师、博士，从事冲击动力学、气体破岩方面的研究（E-mail）。
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仇志龙（1981-），男，高级工程师、硕士，从事爆破工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

QIU Zhi-long (1981-), male, senior engineer, master degree, mainly engaged in research in blasting engineering, (E-mail) .

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仇志龙（1981-），男，高级工程师、硕士，从事爆破工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

QIU Zhi-long (1981-), male, senior engineer, master degree, mainly engaged in research in blasting engineering, (E-mail) .

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仇志龙（1981-），男，高级工程师、硕士，从事爆破工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

QIU Zhi-long (1981-), male, senior engineer, master degree, mainly engaged in research in blasting engineering, (E-mail) .

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Experimental research on the equation of state of granite at high pressure[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2020, 37(S1): 5. 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journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241699615918060433, language=CN, label=图10, caption=冲击加载下红砂岩体积应变与压力的关系, figureFileSmall=/sJX1chTxMsoNn10lXKrEg==, figureFileBig=kvZvEUROhebmtUEe7YDd9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241756533671907894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241699615918060433, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Properties of red sandstone

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参数 ρ/（g·cm-3） vl/（km·s-1） vs/（km·s-1） E/MPa G/MPa μ
数值2.654.322.5943.417.80.22
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红砂岩基本物理参数

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参数 ρ/（g·cm-3） vl/（km·s-1） vs/（km·s-1） E/MPa G/MPa μ
数值2.654.322.5943.417.80.22
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Experimental data of equation of state for red sandstone measured by the impedance-matching method

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Shot No. W/（km·s-1） ρ0/（g·cm-3） hs/mm Ds/（km·s-1） us/（km·s-1） ρh/（g·cm-3） PH/GPa η
hsy#010.882.653.053.910.6913.2557.20.177
hsy#021.062.653.044.020.8693.4199.30.216
hsy#031.422.653.044.241.1053.62512.40.261
hsy#041.612.653.054.401.2473.74014.50.283
hsy#051.972.653.044.861.5033.88019.40.309
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平板撞击实验红砂岩冲击测量数据

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Shot No. W/（km·s-1） ρ0/（g·cm-3） hs/mm Ds/（km·s-1） us/（km·s-1） ρh/（g·cm-3） PH/GPa η
hsy#010.882.653.053.910.6913.2557.20.177
hsy#021.062.653.044.020.8693.4199.30.216
hsy#031.422.653.044.241.1053.62512.40.261
hsy#041.612.653.054.401.2473.74014.50.283
hsy#051.972.653.044.861.5033.88019.40.309
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红砂岩平板撞击实验与高压状态方程研究
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仇志龙 1 , 赵奎 1 , 曹业锐 1 , 何进贵 1 , 刘勋 2 , 杨刚 3
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(3): 69-74
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(3): 69-74
红砂岩平板撞击实验与高压状态方程研究
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仇志龙1 , 赵奎1, 曹业锐1, 何进贵1, 刘勋2, 杨刚3
作者信息
  • 1.中铁一局集团　铁路建设有限公司，咸阳　712099
  • 2.武汉理工大学　理学院，武汉　430070
  • 3.江汉大学　精细爆破国家重点实验室，武汉　430056

    • 仇志龙（1981-），男，高级工程师、硕士，从事爆破工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

    QIU Zhi-long (1981-), male, senior engineer, master degree, mainly engaged in research in blasting engineering, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

杨刚（1989-），男，讲师、博士，从事冲击动力学、气体破岩方面的研究（E-mail）。
Study on Planar Impact Experiment and State Equation under High Pressure of Red Sandstone
Zhi-long QIU1 , Kui ZHAO1, Ye-rui CAO1, Jin-gui HE1, Xun LIU2, Gang YANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.China Railway First Group Railway Construction Company, Xianyang 712099, China
  • 2.School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.009
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摘要
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高压状态方程是研究材料在爆炸冲击作用下破坏机制及冲击波传播规律的基础，岩石高压状态方程在矿山开采、陨石冲击成坑、岩体冲击防护等数值计算方面有着广泛的应用需求。基于二级轻气炮发射平台和光子多普勒测速系统，采用平板撞击研究了红砂岩的Hugoniot冲击关系、高压状态方程和体应变方程。平板撞击实验最低速度为0.88 km/s，最高至1.97 km/s，碰撞产生的最低冲击压力为7.2 GPa，最高冲击压力为19.4 GPa。采用光探针测量岩样的冲击波速度，光子多普勒测速系统记录的自由面质点速度剖面未出现红砂岩的Hugoniot弹塑性转变点，表明在此冲击压力范围内红砂岩为近流体状态。采用最小二乘法对冲击波速度D和质点速度u进行线性拟合，获得红砂岩的冲击Hugoniot参数分别为C0=3.04和λ=1.14。采用三次多项式对红砂岩体应变η与冲击压力P进行非线性拟合，获得红砂岩体应变η与冲击压力P之间的关系式为P=116η-745η2+1845η3，非线性拟合系数R=0.993。冲击加载下红砂岩Hugoniot状态方程和体应变方程可为红砂岩岩体爆破、岩体冲击防护等领域的数值计算和工程应用提供基础参考数据。

红砂岩  /  平板撞击  /  轻气炮  /  状态方程  /  体应变

The high-pressure equation of state is the basis of studying the failure mechanism of materials and the propagation law of shock waves under explosion or impact loading. The state of rock has a wide range of applications in the numerical calculation of mining, meteorite impact cratering, rock impact protection, etc. Using a two-stage light gas gun and Photon Doppler Velocimeter (PDV), the Hugoniot relationship, high-pressure equation of state and volume strain equation of red sandstone were studied. The lowest and the highest impact pressure generated by the collision were 7.2 GPa and 19.4 GPa, respectively, and the lowest and the highest planar impact velocity were 0.88 km/s and 1.97 km/s, respectively. At the same time, optic probes were used to measure the shock wave velocity of rock samples. However, The Hugoniot-Elastic-Limit (HEL) point of the red sandstone was not found in the free surface velocity profile recorded by the PDV, indicating that the red sandstone was in a near-fluid state within this impact pressure range. Furthermore, the shock wave velocity D and particle velocity u were linearly fit by the least square method, and the Hugoniot parameters of the red sandstone were C0=3.04 and λ=1.14, respectively. In addition, the relationship between the volumetric strain η and the impact pressure P were obtained by polynomial fitting, which was P=116η-745η2+1845η3, and the nonlinear fitting coefficient was 0.993. The Hugoniot equation of state and bulk strain equation of red sandstone obtained in this work can provide reference data for numerical calculation and engineering application in red sandstone rock blasting, shock protection engineering, and so on.

red sandstone  /  planar impact  /  light gas gun  /  equation of state  /  volumetric strain
仇志龙, 赵奎, 曹业锐, 何进贵, 刘勋, 杨刚. 红砂岩平板撞击实验与高压状态方程研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (3) : 69 -74 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.009
Zhi-long QIU, Kui ZHAO, Ye-rui CAO, Jin-gui HE, Xun LIU, Gang YANG. Study on Planar Impact Experiment and State Equation under High Pressure of Red Sandstone[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (3) : 69 -74 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.009
正文
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岩石冲击Hugoniot状态方程是认识冲击波在岩石介质中传播规律的关键，也是爆破、超高速碰撞等极端动荷载作用下岩石损伤数值计算的重要基础[1-3]。随着计算机技术以及数值模拟技术的不断发展，岩石Hugoniot状态方程在岩石和矿山开采、陨石冲击成坑、地下爆破和开挖数值模拟方面有着广泛的应用需求，同时对强冲击荷载下岩石介质的动态力学特性研究提出了更高的要求。近年来，电磁霍普金森杆和气体炮发射技术等动高压加载技术取得进步[4-7]，以激光多普勒测试技术为代表的动高压原位测试技术亦获得新突破[8,9]，很大程度上推动了材料在高温高压下状态方程的测量。
高全臣等人采用分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar，SHPB）对流固耦合的多孔隙红砂岩进行冲击损伤试验[10]，提出了不同耦合介质和孔隙率对多孔隙砂岩冲击损伤效应的影响关系。程树范通过SHPB装置对干燥及饱和水的红砂岩开展了冲击压缩对比实验[11]，研究发现孔隙水使得红砂岩张拉破岩效应更明显，动态强度和动态弹性模量也更加敏感。陆华等人利用SHPB对不同孔隙率红砂岩冲击动力学响应特性进行了研究[12]，实验发现红砂岩的动态弹性模量和峰值强度随着孔隙率的增加而减小，峰值强度降低率随孔隙率的增加呈现线性上升。余雄利用SHPB研究了冲击速度和含水率对红砂岩动态响应特性的影响[13]，实验发现相同冲击速度下最大动态应变率随含水量的提高先增加后小，两者符合二次函数关系；相同含水量的红砂岩，随着冲击速的增加平均应变率线性增大，两者呈线性关系。陈道龙等人利用落锤装置对预制裂隙红砂岩冲击动力学特性开展了研究[14]，结果表明红砂岩加载和卸载速率近似相等，达到峰值强度后存在短暂蠕变现象。此外，Yang、Shan、Ma等人对冻结或者冻融之后的红砂岩开展动态力学性能实验[15-17]。通过以上研究可以看出，国内外学者对红砂岩的动态力学研究大都采用SHPB开展研究，更高应变率下的红砂岩实验研究对工程爆破和冲击防护领域意义重大。
研究岩石在强冲击载荷作用下的动力学响应，测量其冲击Hugoniot状态方程是关键。根据冲击波相关理论研究[18]，当材料受到高速碰撞后，在碰撞界面处产生冲击波并向材料内部进行传播。假设冲击波向右传播，波速为D，如图1所示，波阵面两侧的压强P，密度ρ，质点速度u以及内能E会发生突变。
根据质量守恒方程、动量守恒方程和能量守恒方程分别得到波阵面前后物质密度、压强和内能的变化关系为
式（1）~（3）式为平面冲击波3个基本关系式，即Rankine-Hugoniot方程，式中下标0表示初始状态。对于绝大多数的冲击Hugoniot状态方程测量实验，波前介质通常处于初始静止状态，因此波前介质压强P0和质点速度u0都为零。上述式（1）~（3）三个基本关系式简化为
质量守恒方程式（4）、动量守恒方程式（5）以及能量守恒方程式（6）中式一共包含ρ、D、u、P、V五个未知数。因此，由式（4）~（6）构成的方程组只需测量出其中2个物理量，即可解出方程组中的其他3个物理量。根据实验测量的难易程度，一般选择测量冲击波速度D和质点速度u。大量冲击压缩实验发现，许多密实材料在比较宽广的压强范围内，材料的冲击波速度D与质点速度u近似呈现线性关系
式（7）也被称为材料的D-u线，式中C0、λ是由实验数据确定的常数被称为材料的Hugoniot参数。通过一系列冲击压缩实验获得材料的Hugoniot参数，便可获得冲击加载下该材料从初始状态到达最终状态的轨迹，即Hugoniot冲击压缩曲线
式中的下标0和H分别表示初始状态和冲击Hugoniot态。
利用二级轻气炮加载平台结合光子多普勒测速仪（Photon Doppler Velocimeter，PDV）对红砂岩的冲击绝热线进行测量，获得了红砂岩的Hugoniot参数和冲击压缩线，同时对冲击加载下红砂岩的体应变方程展开研究。研究成果可为红砂岩爆破、岩体冲击防护等领域的数值计算提供重要参考数据。
1　岩样制备
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用岩石切割机将原石切割成板状，用平面磨床进行双面抛磨至约3.0 mm，再用取芯钻头从岩板中钻取出岩样圆片，最后经过细砂纸进行抛光得到冲击实验用红砂岩试样。采用的红砂岩试样直径约为14.0 mm，厚度约为3.0 mm，每片岩样厚度误差±0.02 mm以内，岩样上下平面的平行度控制在±0.1°以内。
利用X射线衍射仪（Bruker Axs D8 Advance）对红砂岩的矿物组成进行分析，图2为红砂岩试样的XRD衍射图。通过与XRD衍射标准卡片对比分析，可以看出，本实验采用的红砂岩主要由石英组成，含有少量粘土类矿物。使用Startorius密度天平利用排水法对红砂岩样品密度进行测量，采用无水乙醇作为辅助液体。采用超声波回波法测量了红砂岩试样的纵波声速vl和横波声速vs，然后分别计算出红砂岩的杨氏模量E、剪切模量G和泊松比μ，实测数据列于表1。
2　实验方法
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2.1　冲击加载实验装置
利用江汉大学精细爆破国家重点实验轻气炮加载实验平台开展红砂岩的平板撞击实验。整个冲击加载实验平台由二级轻气炮、磁测速装置、靶板以及光子多普勒测速系统构成，二级轻气炮实验装置如图3所示。图4为平板撞击实验原理，将飞片粘贴于弹托前端面，以某一速度撞击靶板，产生一维平面冲击波，然后冲击波传播至样品前后表面。利用光子多普勒测速仪记录冲击波到达样品前后表面的时间间隔，即可计算冲击波在样品中的传播速度，图5为光子多普勒测速仪、岩样安装和光纤探针布置图。由于红砂岩表面反光效果较差，为了增加界面反光效果，提高信噪比，在岩样后界面粘贴一层20 μm的铝箔。利用光子多普勒测速仪不仅可以获得冲击波到达前后界面的时间，还可以记录界面上质点速度剖面。通过对波剖面的分析，可以判断在较低冲击压力下是否超过试样的Hugoniot弹塑性转变点（Hugoniot-Elastic-Limit，HEL）。
当基板中的一维平面冲击波传至样品，由于样品边侧自由面上需要保持一个零压界面，将从边侧自由面上发生侧向膨胀产生稀疏干扰源，稀疏波会从样品边侧自由面以声速传入到样品的内部。稀疏波所到范围平面冲击波波形和强度都将受到严重影响。为使光纤探针所在的区域不受边侧稀疏波的影响，样品尺寸必须满足一定的宽厚比条件[10]。在进行冲击加载实验设计时充分考虑了这一因素，避免边侧稀疏波对实验测量的影响。
2.2　阻滞法测量冲击压缩线
本文采用阻滞法测量红砂岩Hugoniot冲击压缩线，飞片和基板采用无氧铜[19]，密度8.935 g/cm3，Hugoniot参数C0=3.93，λ=1.500。由于飞片与基板使用相同材料，飞片与基板为对称碰撞，因此可以得到基板中质点速度ub
式中，W为飞片碰撞速度，磁测速装置测量[20]。由基板质点速度ub和岩样冲击波速度DS，对于铜基板/岩样界面两侧有
根据边界连续性条件：PH，b=PH，s，ub=us，代入公式（10）和（11）中就可以解出岩石样品质点速度us
式中
将样品的冲击波速度Ds和质点速度us代入到公式（11）即可得到冲击压力PH，s。
3　平板撞击实验结果分析
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3.1　冲击压缩线
冲击加载实验采用无氧铜作为飞片和基板材质，一共开展5次平板撞击实验，飞片碰撞速度最低为0.88 km/s，最高至1.97 km/s。图6为典型多孔材料冲击压缩曲线，从图中可以看出像红砂岩这种多孔材料，从起始密度ρ0开始，较低冲击速度下仅发生弹性变形；随着冲击速度的增加，开始塑性变形，材料到达Hugoniot弹塑性转变点（HEL），此时对应的冲击压力为PHEL；冲击速度进一步增加，材料开始进入近流体状态，孔隙形变并发生坍塌，直到材料被完成压实，此时对应的冲击压力为PDS。图7为5次实验过程中样品后界面（自由面）质点速度剖面，从样品自由面质点速度剖面并没有观察到红砂岩的Hugoniot弹塑性转变点（HEL），说明5次平板撞击实验的产生的冲击压力均超过PHEL。根据冲击波到达时间和样品厚度，经过对波阵面的修正，得到冲击波速度，进而得到质点速度u和冲击压力P等物理参数，实验获得的数据列于表2。
利用最小二乘法拟合得到红砂岩D-u线，如图8所示。线性拟合得到的红砂岩Hugoniot参数，C0=3.04，λ=1.14，线性拟合相关系数R=0.977。
根据表2实验数据以及拟合得到的Hugoniot参数，利用公式（8）得到红砂岩密度随冲击压力P的变化曲线，如图9所示。
3.2　体应变与冲击压力的关系
冲击加载下，定义材料的体应变η为
研究表明固体介质的Hugoniot冲击压力与体应变的关系可以利用多项式来描述[21]，即
式中，ai为材料常数。通常情况n取3就可以获得较好的拟合效果
图10为红砂岩体应变随冲击压力的变化曲线。非线性拟合得到材料常数ai分别为a1=116，a2=-745，a3=1845，非线性拟合相关系数R=0.993。
4　结论
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利用二级轻气炮发射平台和光子多普勒测速仪，采用平板撞击对红砂岩的状态方程进行测量。击靶速度为0.88~1.97 km/s，冲击压力最高为19.4 GPa。采用最小二乘法对冲击加载红砂岩的冲击波速度D和质点速度u进行线性拟，获得红砂岩的Hugoniot参数分别为C0=3.04和λ=1.14。同时对红砂岩体应变η与冲击压力P之间的关系进行研究，利用三次多项式进行非线性拟合得到冲击压力与体应变的方程式为P=116η-745η2+1845η3。本文建立的红砂岩Hugoniot状态方程和体应变方程可为红砂岩体爆破开挖、岩体冲击防护等领域的数值计算和工程应用提供参考数据。
基金
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  • 江汉大学基金项目(02040062)
文献
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2024年第41卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.03.009
  • 接收时间：2024-02-19
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-02-19
基金
Fund Project of Jianghan University(02040062)
江汉大学基金项目(02040062)
作者信息
    1.中铁一局集团　铁路建设有限公司，咸阳　712099
    2.武汉理工大学　理学院，武汉　430070
    3.江汉大学　精细爆破国家重点实验室，武汉　430056

通讯作者:

杨刚（1989-），男，讲师、博士，从事冲击动力学、气体破岩方面的研究（E-mail）。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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