Article(id=1241687549429739776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677427200000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970981223, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970981223, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970981223, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970981223, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=123, endPage=128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687551048741174, articleId=1241687549429739776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Span-by-span Delay Bidirectional Blasting Demolition for Simply Supported Aqueduct with High Piers, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to successfully demolish a high pier reinforced concrete aqueduct by blasting between the 75#~84# piers of Dongfeng Canal in Yichang City and reduce the impact on the surrounding complex environment, a bidirectional collapse design was adopted. In the design scheme, the aqueducts between the 75#~76# piers collapse in a northerly direction perpendicular to the aqueduct trend, and the aqueducts 77#~84# piers collapse westward along the aqueduct trend. More precisely, an initiation network of electronic and non-electric detonators with delays of 50 ms and 150 ms was adopted using the 75# pier as the initiation point. Moreover, the harmful effects of blasting on the environment were controlled by using lifting holes as blast holes, excavating vibration reduction ditches, hanging nets and covering protection layer, storing water in the trench body, and covering soil protection. The results show that the aqueduct collapsed with a 4-minute delay after initiation, and the collapsed pier body was basically decomposed into blocks with intact aqueduct body, with most fragments scattered along the trend within 10 m of the central axis of the aqueduct, and only a few small pieces flying farther than 10 m. The adopted protective measures can effectively control the blasting flying rocks and vibration, and no damage has been found to the inverted siphon of temporary water delivery pipeline and the road pavement. The project was carried out successfully despite the delay in collapse. The possible reasons for the delayed collapse include no incision on outside of the structural column, the delay time interval between pier columns is small, and the blasting incision is small.

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为了顺利爆破拆除宜昌市东风渠75#~84#槽墩之间的高墩钢筋混凝土渡槽时降低对周围复杂环境的影响,采用了双方定向倒塌的方案。即:75#~76#槽墩之间渡槽垂直于渡槽走向朝北定向倒塌,77#~84#槽墩沿着渡槽走向朝西定向倒塌。以75#槽墩为起爆点,使用电子雷管与非电雷管相结合的爆破网路,并设置墩柱之间延时分别为50 ms和150 ms。同时利用吊装孔作为炮孔、开挖减振沟、挂网及覆盖防护、槽身蓄水、覆土防护等措施以降低爆破有害效应对环境的影响。结果表明:起爆后渡槽延迟4分钟倒塌,倒塌后的墩身基本分解为砌块,多数砌块及槽身保持完好;沿走向倒塌的渡槽绝大多数散落砌块及破碎体散落在距渡槽走向中轴线10 m范围内,仅少量小块碎石飞出10 m外。采取的多重防护措施有效控制了爆破飞石和爆破振动,需重点保护的倒虹吸临时输水管道和下穿公路路面等未见损坏。尽管有延迟倒塌的瑕疵,该工程仍算成功实施。延迟倒塌的可能原因为未对切口外构造柱弱化或切割处理、墩柱间爆破延期时间间隔偏小和爆破切口偏小。

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叶建军(1974-),男,博士、教授,主要从事绿色爆破、绿色拆除、生态护坡研究,(E-mail)

YE Jian-jun (1974-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on green blasting, green demolition and ecological slope protection, (E-mail) .

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叶建军(1974-),男,博士、教授,主要从事绿色爆破、绿色拆除、生态护坡研究,(E-mail)

YE Jian-jun (1974-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on green blasting, green demolition and ecological slope protection, (E-mail) .

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叶建军(1974-),男,博士、教授,主要从事绿色爆破、绿色拆除、生态护坡研究,(E-mail)

YE Jian-jun (1974-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on green blasting, green demolition and ecological slope protection, (E-mail) .

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rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=周祥磊, 陈德志, 罗鹏, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周祥磊, 陈德志, 罗鹏, 等. 独塔单索面预应力斜拉桥爆破拆除[J]. 爆破, 2020, 37(4): 89-93, 137., articleTitle=独塔单索面预应力斜拉桥爆破拆除, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687564139164648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687549429739776, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=89, pageEnd=93, 137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHOU Xiang-lei, CHEN De-zhi, LUO Peng, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Xiang-lei, CHEN De-zhi, LUO Peng, et al. 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Blasting parameters

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部位切口高度/m孔径/mm孔深/m孔距/m排距/m单耗/(g·m-3炮孔数量/个单孔药量/g总装药量/kg
砌体2.0500.30.50.4160087010087
构造柱2.0420.20.3-200021010021
), ArticleFig(id=1241687561899406261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687549429739776, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

爆破参数

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部位切口高度/m孔径/mm孔深/m孔距/m排距/m单耗/(g·m-3炮孔数量/个单孔药量/g总装药量/kg
砌体2.0500.30.50.4160087010087
构造柱2.0420.20.3-200021010021
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Calculation table of blasting vibration at the protected objects

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保护对象(从西至东)居民房1居民房2居民房3倒虹吸管道
距离最近的槽墩77#84#84#75#-84#
最小距离/m39205515
槽墩最大单响药量/kg11.610.610.611.6
爆破振动速度/(cm·s-10.371.00.21.65
), ArticleFig(id=1241687562029429694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687549429739776, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

保护对象处爆破振动计算表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
保护对象(从西至东)居民房1居民房2居民房3倒虹吸管道
距离最近的槽墩77#84#84#75#-84#
最小距离/m39205515
槽墩最大单响药量/kg11.610.610.611.6
爆破振动速度/(cm·s-10.371.00.21.65
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高墩简支渡槽逐跨延期双向定向倒塌爆破拆除
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叶建军 1 , 彭庆波 1 , 韩学军 2 , 段筱龑 2
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023,40(3): 123-128
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023, 40(3): 123-128
高墩简支渡槽逐跨延期双向定向倒塌爆破拆除
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叶建军1 , 彭庆波1, 韩学军2, 段筱龑2
作者信息
  • 1.湖北工业大学 土木建筑与环境学院,武汉 430068
  • 2.湖北凯龙工程爆破有限公司,荆门 448004
  • 叶建军(1974-),男,博士、教授,主要从事绿色爆破、绿色拆除、生态护坡研究,(E-mail)

    YE Jian-jun (1974-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on green blasting, green demolition and ecological slope protection, (E-mail) .

Study on Span-by-span Delay Bidirectional Blasting Demolition for Simply Supported Aqueduct with High Piers
Jian-jun YE1 , Qing-bo PENG1, Xue-jun HAN2, Yi-yan DUAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
  • 2.Hubei Kailong Engineering Blasting Co., Ltd., Jingmen 448004, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.017
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为了顺利爆破拆除宜昌市东风渠75#~84#槽墩之间的高墩钢筋混凝土渡槽时降低对周围复杂环境的影响,采用了双方定向倒塌的方案。即:75#~76#槽墩之间渡槽垂直于渡槽走向朝北定向倒塌,77#~84#槽墩沿着渡槽走向朝西定向倒塌。以75#槽墩为起爆点,使用电子雷管与非电雷管相结合的爆破网路,并设置墩柱之间延时分别为50 ms和150 ms。同时利用吊装孔作为炮孔、开挖减振沟、挂网及覆盖防护、槽身蓄水、覆土防护等措施以降低爆破有害效应对环境的影响。结果表明:起爆后渡槽延迟4分钟倒塌,倒塌后的墩身基本分解为砌块,多数砌块及槽身保持完好;沿走向倒塌的渡槽绝大多数散落砌块及破碎体散落在距渡槽走向中轴线10 m范围内,仅少量小块碎石飞出10 m外。采取的多重防护措施有效控制了爆破飞石和爆破振动,需重点保护的倒虹吸临时输水管道和下穿公路路面等未见损坏。尽管有延迟倒塌的瑕疵,该工程仍算成功实施。延迟倒塌的可能原因为未对切口外构造柱弱化或切割处理、墩柱间爆破延期时间间隔偏小和爆破切口偏小。

高墩渡槽  /  爆破拆除  /  毫秒延期  /  双向定向倒塌

In order to successfully demolish a high pier reinforced concrete aqueduct by blasting between the 75#~84# piers of Dongfeng Canal in Yichang City and reduce the impact on the surrounding complex environment, a bidirectional collapse design was adopted. In the design scheme, the aqueducts between the 75#~76# piers collapse in a northerly direction perpendicular to the aqueduct trend, and the aqueducts 77#~84# piers collapse westward along the aqueduct trend. More precisely, an initiation network of electronic and non-electric detonators with delays of 50 ms and 150 ms was adopted using the 75# pier as the initiation point. Moreover, the harmful effects of blasting on the environment were controlled by using lifting holes as blast holes, excavating vibration reduction ditches, hanging nets and covering protection layer, storing water in the trench body, and covering soil protection. The results show that the aqueduct collapsed with a 4-minute delay after initiation, and the collapsed pier body was basically decomposed into blocks with intact aqueduct body, with most fragments scattered along the trend within 10 m of the central axis of the aqueduct, and only a few small pieces flying farther than 10 m. The adopted protective measures can effectively control the blasting flying rocks and vibration, and no damage has been found to the inverted siphon of temporary water delivery pipeline and the road pavement. The project was carried out successfully despite the delay in collapse. The possible reasons for the delayed collapse include no incision on outside of the structural column, the delay time interval between pier columns is small, and the blasting incision is small.

high pier aqueduct  /  blasting demolition  /  millisecond delay  /  bidirectional collapse
叶建军, 彭庆波, 韩学军, 段筱龑. 高墩简支渡槽逐跨延期双向定向倒塌爆破拆除. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 123 -128 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.017
Jian-jun YE, Qing-bo PENG, Xue-jun HAN, Yi-yan DUAN. Study on Span-by-span Delay Bidirectional Blasting Demolition for Simply Supported Aqueduct with High Piers[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 123 -128 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.017
对于高墩柱简支钢筋混凝土桥梁或渡槽的拆除,为避免其倒塌时渣石飞溅和触地振动带来的作业安全风险,往往首选爆破拆除手段。国内在简支钢筋混凝土桥梁或渡槽的爆破拆除方面已经有一些成功案例。如周祥磊等人针对复杂环境下的主塔高达64 m的单索面斜拉桥采用“主塔向北定向倒塌,主墩与桥面原地坍塌”的半秒延期爆破方案[1],实现了桥梁的顺利倒塌。张文锡采用半秒延期间隔分幅分段起爆方式[2],成功拆除了墩高20 m的先简支后连续的预应力钢筋混凝土桥。蒋文俊等人通过数值模拟分析了多跨简支梁桥16 m墩柱的应力损伤以及倒塌形态[3],确定了合理的爆破参数。伍锡南等通过采用50~250 ms延期控制爆破[4],实现了墩高40 m渡槽的定向倒塌。孙金山等在某拱式渡槽爆破拆除工程中[5],分析了高19.4 m槽墩的动态受力特征并通过计算得到了需保留槽墩的跨间起爆时差。谢续文等采用高延时的定向控制爆破[6],实现了墩高5~30 m的简支钢筋混凝土渡槽拆除。迄今为止,已经报道的高墩渡槽爆破拆除只有寥寥几例,这些案例提供的工程经验尚不能为复杂环境下高墩渡槽爆破拆除提供足够的支持。
在借鉴前人有限工程经验基础上,介绍了复杂环境下宜昌市东风渠宋家嘴75#~84#槽墩之间的渡槽定向爆破拆除工程案例,重点涉及双向定向倒塌方案确定、预埋孔的利用、爆破切口、跨间延时和爆破防护措施设计等,以为同类拆除爆破工程提供绿色爆破拆除技术方案的参考。
待拆除渡槽位于宜昌市夷陵区宋家嘴村,渡槽从西至东共123根槽墩。本标段拟拆除的为75#~84#槽墩,共计10根,长度144 m。如图12所示,82#~83#槽墩下方下穿有南北走向的S276省道;渡槽两侧均有相邻的居民房,84#槽墩距离北侧最近的民房约20 m,距离南侧居民房55 m;77#槽墩距离南侧最近的民房约39 m;南侧倒虹吸输水管道平行渡槽布置,槽墩距离管道中心15 m。由此可见,项目周围环境较为复杂。
渡槽整体由槽身、墩柱和基础三个部分组成。槽身为预制250#(老标号,对应新规范C20强度)混凝土结构,每节尺寸为长16.0 m,高3.1 m,宽3.46 m,槽身连接缝(也作为伸缩缝)由锯末、水泥加防水材料混合配制填缝。如图3图4图5图6所示,墩帽上预埋有尺寸为300 mm×200 mm×25 mm的4块钢板(见图4),与槽身纵向角钢(尺寸为L30 mm×30 mm×3 mm)焊接。墩柱为顶部小、底部大的中空梯形体结构,由预制200#(老标号,对应新规范C15强度)混凝土砌块(尺寸为0.5 m×0.4 m×0.3 m,中心预埋有ϕ 50 mm吊装孔)砌筑(吊装孔垂直于墩柱表面)。墩柱高23~33.5 m,顶部尺寸为长5.6 m,宽2.6 m。墩身内部每隔5 m设置1根圈梁和2根连系梁(尺寸为1.4 m×0.4 m×0.3 m,距离槽墩纵轴中心线1 m对称布设),与圈梁连接的0.4 m宽200#(老标号,对应新规范C15强度)钢筋混凝土构造柱位于墩身四面的纵轴(见图56)。每道圈梁有9根ϕ 14 mm的纵筋,ϕ 8 mm的圈梁箍筋间隔25 mm等距布置;单根构造柱内有4根ϕ 14 mm的纵筋,ϕ 8 mm的纵筋箍筋间隔25 mm等距布置,构造柱纵向由ϕ 14 mm的双肢箍加固。基础由100#(老标号,对应新规范C5强度)混凝土两层浇筑而成,上层基础尺寸为长6.8~7.8 m,宽4.6~5.0 m,下层基础尺寸为长7.4~8.6 m,宽6.0 m,总高度为2.3~3.8 m。基础底部为红砂岩。
原定所有渡槽均采用机械拆除方法,考虑到75#~84#渡槽的墩柱太高,机械拆除时槽身及墩身落地造成渣石飞溅会对长臂破碎机和操作人员构成严重安全风险,且周围环境又过于复杂,故对75#~84#高墩柱渡槽改用爆破拆除方法。
为最大限度减少倒塌影响范围,最理想的倒塌方向是所有渡槽都沿走向倒塌。但由于此次拆除是局部拆除,相邻的渡槽(75#墩柱以西,84#墩柱以东)需保留,若首先倒塌的墩柱也按照走向倒塌,必然会砸向相邻保留墩柱(因为墩柱高度大于跨度)。因此,应采用双向倒塌方案。即首先起爆的墩柱朝北侧空地倒塌,为后继倒塌墩柱留出足够倒塌空间,随后后继墩柱再接着倒塌。综合考虑场地情况,决定选择75#槽墩为起爆点,75#~76#槽墩垂直于渡槽走向朝北倒塌,后继倒塌的77#~84#槽墩沿渡槽走向朝西倒塌。
(1)切口形状和位置
墩柱的结构为顶部小、底部大的中空梯形体。参照类似工程经验,决定采用矩形切口,爆破切口的下边缘位于墩柱上层基础以上第1层砌块与第2层砌块的灰浆缝。
(2)切口高度
为确保墩柱爆破后能在重力偏心矩作用下失稳倒塌[7,8],参照高耸筒式构筑物拆除爆破设计原则[9],切口高度根据下式计算
式中,δ表示爆破切口部位墩柱的壁厚。由于墩身高且墩壁薄,系数取大值。经计算爆破切口最小高度为H=1.5 m。考虑到单个混凝土砌块的高度为0.4 m,为方便计算和施工,爆破切口高度取5层砌块的总高度,即H=2.0 m。
(3)切口范围
根据设计原则,爆破切口范围为墩柱筒壁周长的1/2~2/3。考虑到墩柱的倒塌方向,爆破设计切口共分为两种:
1)75#~76#槽墩朝北倒塌切口。为了使爆破切口包含三根构造柱,切口圆心角取202°,经计算切口总长度为11.2 m,如图7(a)所示。
2)77#~84#槽墩朝西倒塌切口。切口圆心角取215°,切口总长度为9.2 m,如图7(b)所示。
(1)孔网参数
如上所述,墩柱的结构是含有四根钢筋混凝土构造柱的混凝土砌块砌筑的砌体。每块混凝土砌块(厚度为30 cm)中心预埋有ϕ 50 mm吊装孔。将其作为炮孔,可大幅降低钻孔工作量,提高施工效率。钢筋混凝土构造柱采用ϕ 42 mm的钻头沿其纵轴线钻取一列炮孔。参照文献[10-12]提供的经验参数,墩柱砌体部分和构造柱部分孔网具体参数如表1所示。
(2)装药结构
爆破采用ϕ 32 mm乳化炸药,砌块炮孔内部采用锚杆锚固剂堵塞,炮孔外部采用炮泥堵塞。装药结构如图8所示。
为了严格控制爆破振动,降低爆破有害效应的环境影响,采取逐跨延期起爆方式进行控制爆破。本次爆破网路爆破使用雷管数量较大。为了充分利用非电雷管价格低、便于组成大型网路的优点的同时提高跨间延时精度,本次爆破采用电子雷管和非电雷管混合的爆破网路。具体设计是:孔内单发3段导爆管雷管,每15发汇集为一簇接入2发1段导爆管雷管,同墩所有1段导爆管雷管汇集成一股后再接入数码电子雷管网路。爆破网路示意图如图9所示。
槽身与墩柱之间存在的焊接拉力,是阻碍墩柱倒塌的关键因素之一。要使得渡槽能够顺利倒塌,首先起爆的75#~76#墩柱应尽可能同时倒塌以形成比焊接拉力更大的偏心力,故75#~76#墩柱间的延期时间间隔应尽量缩短。结合前人工程经验[3,4],75#槽墩数码电子雷管延时设定为0 ms,76#槽墩电子雷管延时设定为50 ms,后续槽墩延期时间设定按照间隔150 ms逐墩递加。
根据萨道夫斯基爆破地面振动经验计算公式
式中:v表示地面质点峰值振动速度,cm/s;Q表示延期爆破最大一段起爆药量,kg;R表示爆破振动验算安全距离,m;Kα分别表示与爆破点至计算点间的地质条件有关的系数和衰减系数;按照《爆破安全规程》(GB6722—2014)给出的取值范围[13]K取32.1,α取1.57。
各保护对象与邻近墩柱的位置关系如图1所示。将各自的距离代入式(2),得到各处的爆破振动速度见表2。可见,各处计算数值均符合《爆破安全规程》(GB6722—2014)要求。
(1)扩大爆破警戒范围。为最大限度保护人民的生命财产安全,爆破警戒范围扩大到东风渠宋家嘴渡槽全区域,警戒范围为300 m。
(2)降低爆破振动。爆破采用延期起爆技术,降低单次起爆药量。将倒虹吸管道沟兼做减振沟。
(3)控制爆破飞石。装药施工完毕后,在爆破切口处用双层高强土工布加铁丝网(铁丝ϕ 2.5 mm)覆盖。对临近建(构)筑物迎爆面竖立竹排架进行防护。
(4)抑制爆破粉尘。爆破前向预倾倒地面周边洒水,并在渡槽槽身内预留水。
(5)保护省道路面。渡槽倒塌范围内的S276省道面层覆土2 m以上。
2022年11月16日12时09分渡槽开始爆破。起爆后,爆破缺口立即形成,但渡槽短时间内并未倒塌。75#~76#墩柱以较为缓慢的速度朝北倾斜。12时13分17秒,75#~76#墩柱连同槽身朝北下坠塌落,77#墩柱同步朝西倾倒塌落。0.5 s后倾斜倒塌的77#墩柱被顶部下坠槽身砸中,朝西倾倒的时间延迟1.5 s。12时13分19秒,78#~84#墩柱开始依次朝西倾倒塌落,全部渡槽倒塌总历时为8 s。
爆破后效果如图10所示。爆破后由砌块砌筑的墩身基本分解,多数砌块保持完好。朝北倒塌的75#~76#槽墩范围内槽身主体距渡槽走向的中轴线约25 m,少量砌块破碎体散落到距离中轴线约30 m;77#~84#槽墩范围内槽身主体基本完好,均沿轴线倒塌,无显著偏移,散落砌块及破碎体大多分布于轴线两侧各10 m范围内。表明采取的多重安全防护措施有效控制了爆破飞石。振动监测点AB处(具体位置见图1)的最大爆破振动分别为2.49 cm/s和1.98 cm/s,分别大于民房1和民房2处的理论计算值0.37 cm/s和1.0 cm/s(见表2),说明系数Kα的取值有较大偏差。实测振动速度符合一般民用建筑物2.7~3.0 cm/s的振动安全允许标准,这与两处民房均未见新增裂缝的结果吻合。倒虹吸临时输水管道、下穿公路路面也未见损坏。
延迟倒塌的原因可能为:
1)未对切口外的构造柱进行弱化或切割处理,在钢筋的约束下,起爆后槽墩会经历一定时间的塑性破坏。
2)墩柱间爆破延期时间间隔偏小,特别76#和77#墩柱的时间间隔设置过小,导致朝北倒塌的75#~76#墩柱还未完全发育倒塌,后继倒塌的77#~84#墩柱在重力矩作用下便已沿走向倾倒,对朝北倒塌墩柱所对应的槽身处产生很大的挤压,对75#~76#墩柱形成很大的切向摩擦阻力,严重影响了75#~76#槽墩向北倒塌。同时也让后续沿走向倒塌的渡槽无法倾倒。
3)墩柱爆破切口范围不足,渡槽倾覆力矩过小,爆破缺口处无法快速实现钢筋的塑性断裂。
鉴于钢筋混凝土建筑物爆破拆除时可能存在的延迟倒塌现象,应该严格遵守《爆破安全作业规程》要求,至少要等待15 min才能进入现场。
对于复杂环境下的高墩柱钢筋混凝土简支梁结构的桥梁或渡槽的局部拆除,逐跨延期双向定向倒塌爆破是合适的技术方案。本项目的顺利实施还表明:为了实现更加绿色的爆破拆除作业,在设计和施工时应严格按照爆破安全作业规程,充分参考前人经验,精心调查,精确钻孔和装药,在倒塌方向选择、爆破网路选择、跨间延期设置、切口设计、预埋孔的利用、钢筋混凝土构造柱的处理等关键环节尤其要精益求精。相信随着精细爆破、绿色爆破拆除理念日益普及和相关技术的逐步发展,高墩柱钢筋混凝土简支梁结构的桥梁或渡槽的爆破拆除技术必将日臻成熟和完善。
  • 2022年湖北省安全生产专项资金科技项目“矿山深孔孔内分段高效绿色爆破技术研究”(SJZX20220909)
  • 湖北凯龙工程爆破有限公司科技开发项目“露天深孔孔内分段绿色爆破技术”(4201/01916)
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.017
  • 接收时间:2023-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-27
基金
2022 Hubei Provincial Special Fund for Safety Production Science and Technology Project “Research on High Efficiency and Green Blasting Technology for Deep Hole Segmentation in Mines”(SJZX20220909)
2022年湖北省安全生产专项资金科技项目“矿山深孔孔内分段高效绿色爆破技术研究”(SJZX20220909)
Science and Technology Development Project “Open pit deep hole segmented green blasting technology” funded by Hubei Kailong Engineering Blasting Co., Ltd.(4201/01916)
湖北凯龙工程爆破有限公司科技开发项目“露天深孔孔内分段绿色爆破技术”(4201/01916)
作者信息
    1.湖北工业大学 土木建筑与环境学院,武汉 430068
    2.湖北凯龙工程爆破有限公司,荆门 448004
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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