Article(id=1241687546992849026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684857600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970980642, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970980642, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970980642, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970980642, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=45, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687547408085139, articleId=1241687546992849026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Analysis of Natural Gas Explosion based on Accident Investigation Technique——Taking Shiyan “6·13” Major Gas Explosion Accident as Example, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taking the “6·13” major gas explosion accident in Shiyan as the research object, this work constructed an accident investigation technique integrating scene investigation, interview and inquiry, numerical calculation and theoretical analysis. During the scene investigation, it was found that a section of DN57 mm medium pressure natural gas pipeline remained in the river below the southeast corner of the market. The pipe was adjacent to the domestic sewage drainage outlet, and it was rusted and partially ruptured due to the long-term wet environment. Meanwhile, yellowish natural gas fume was first found in the river at the southeast corner by video monitoring, visits and inquiries from surrounding residents, which led to the result that the aforementioned pipeline was the leak point. In addition, some merchants were engaged in flame operations before the accident. Some sparks entered the river through the smoke exhaust pipe and ignited the premixed combustible gas accumulated in the river, which resulted in the explosion. A numerical model of the river was established by the ANSYS/FLUENT software, and the volume of the natural gas accumulated in the riverway was 600 m3, which explosive TNT equivalent was 225 kg. The gas volume and explosion equivalent are consistent with the data published in the accident investigation, which proves the feasibility of this analysis method.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI Yi (1995-), male, Ph. D candidate, mainly engaged in industrial safety issues, (E-mail) .
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以十堰“6·13”重大燃气爆炸事故为研究对象,构建了集现场勘查、走访与问询、数值计算、理论分析于一体的事故调查技术手段。现场勘查过程中发现,涉事集贸市场东南角下方河道内残存一段DN57 mm中压天然气管道。该天然气管道紧邻生活污水排水口,由于长期处于潮湿环境,管道锈蚀,局部穿孔破裂。同时结合视频资料、集贸市场周边居民的走访与问询,发现集贸市场东南角的河道内最先发现淡黄色的天然气烟雾。综合实地踏勘、人员问询与视频监控,集贸市场下方河道内东南角部位的DN57 mm中压天然气管道为泄漏点。此外,事故发生前,存在商户正进行相关动火活动,部分火星通过排油烟管道进入河道内,引燃积聚在河道内的预混可燃气,进而导致爆炸的发生。使用ANSYS/FLUENT数值计算软件,建立集贸市场下方河道数值模型,模拟获得河道内积聚的天然气体积为600 m3,其爆炸TNT当量为225 kg。该燃气体积与爆炸当量与事故调查公布数据一致,证明此分析方式的可行性。该研究涉及的相关事故调查手段可为同类事故的调查工作提供参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李毅(1995-),男,博士研究生,从事工业安全研究工作,(E-mail)
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李欣(1988-)男,博士,从事消防救援、火灾爆炸事故调查工作,(E-mail)

LI Xin (1988-), male, Ph. D, mainly engaged in the rescue of fire accidents and the investigation of explosions, (E-mail) .

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李欣(1988-)男,博士,从事消防救援、火灾爆炸事故调查工作,(E-mail)

LI Xin (1988-), male, Ph. D, mainly engaged in the rescue of fire accidents and the investigation of explosions, (E-mail) .

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李欣(1988-)男,博士,从事消防救援、火灾爆炸事故调查工作,(E-mail)

LI Xin (1988-), male, Ph. D, mainly engaged in the rescue of fire accidents and the investigation of explosions, (E-mail) .

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基于事故调查技术的天然气泄漏爆炸分析——以十堰“6·13”重大燃气爆炸事故为例
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李欣 1, 2 , 乐有邦 3 , 张刚 4 , 陈先锋 2 , 李毅 5
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023,40(3): 39-45
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023, 40(3): 39-45
基于事故调查技术的天然气泄漏爆炸分析——以十堰“6·13”重大燃气爆炸事故为例
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李欣1, 2 , 乐有邦3, 张刚4, 陈先锋2, 李毅5
作者信息
  • 1.黄石市消防救援支队,黄石 435000
  • 2.武汉理工大学,武汉 430070
  • 3.中钢集团 武汉安全环保研究院有限公司,武汉 430080
  • 4.南阳防爆电气研究所有限公司,南阳 473000
  • 5.南京理工大学,南京 210094
  • 李欣(1988-)男,博士,从事消防救援、火灾爆炸事故调查工作,(E-mail)

    LI Xin (1988-), male, Ph. D, mainly engaged in the rescue of fire accidents and the investigation of explosions, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

李毅(1995-),男,博士研究生,从事工业安全研究工作,(E-mail)
Analysis of Natural Gas Explosion based on Accident Investigation Technique——Taking Shiyan “6·13” Major Gas Explosion Accident as Example
Xin LI1, 2 , You-bang LE3, Gang ZHANG4, Xian-feng CHEN2, Yi LI5
Affiliations
  • 1.Huangshi Fire Rescue Detachment, Huangshi 435000, China
  • 2.Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 3.Sinosteel Wuhan Safety & Environmental Protection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430080, China
  • 4.Nanyang Explosion Proof Electric Research Institute, Nanyang 473000, China
  • 5.Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.006
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以十堰“6·13”重大燃气爆炸事故为研究对象,构建了集现场勘查、走访与问询、数值计算、理论分析于一体的事故调查技术手段。现场勘查过程中发现,涉事集贸市场东南角下方河道内残存一段DN57 mm中压天然气管道。该天然气管道紧邻生活污水排水口,由于长期处于潮湿环境,管道锈蚀,局部穿孔破裂。同时结合视频资料、集贸市场周边居民的走访与问询,发现集贸市场东南角的河道内最先发现淡黄色的天然气烟雾。综合实地踏勘、人员问询与视频监控,集贸市场下方河道内东南角部位的DN57 mm中压天然气管道为泄漏点。此外,事故发生前,存在商户正进行相关动火活动,部分火星通过排油烟管道进入河道内,引燃积聚在河道内的预混可燃气,进而导致爆炸的发生。使用ANSYS/FLUENT数值计算软件,建立集贸市场下方河道数值模型,模拟获得河道内积聚的天然气体积为600 m3,其爆炸TNT当量为225 kg。该燃气体积与爆炸当量与事故调查公布数据一致,证明此分析方式的可行性。该研究涉及的相关事故调查手段可为同类事故的调查工作提供参考。

天然气泄漏  /  爆炸当量  /  数值模拟  /  超压

Taking the “6·13” major gas explosion accident in Shiyan as the research object, this work constructed an accident investigation technique integrating scene investigation, interview and inquiry, numerical calculation and theoretical analysis. During the scene investigation, it was found that a section of DN57 mm medium pressure natural gas pipeline remained in the river below the southeast corner of the market. The pipe was adjacent to the domestic sewage drainage outlet, and it was rusted and partially ruptured due to the long-term wet environment. Meanwhile, yellowish natural gas fume was first found in the river at the southeast corner by video monitoring, visits and inquiries from surrounding residents, which led to the result that the aforementioned pipeline was the leak point. In addition, some merchants were engaged in flame operations before the accident. Some sparks entered the river through the smoke exhaust pipe and ignited the premixed combustible gas accumulated in the river, which resulted in the explosion. A numerical model of the river was established by the ANSYS/FLUENT software, and the volume of the natural gas accumulated in the riverway was 600 m3, which explosive TNT equivalent was 225 kg. The gas volume and explosion equivalent are consistent with the data published in the accident investigation, which proves the feasibility of this analysis method.

natural gas leak  /  explosive equivalent  /  numerical simulation  /  overpressure
李欣, 乐有邦, 张刚, 陈先锋, 李毅. 基于事故调查技术的天然气泄漏爆炸分析——以十堰“6·13”重大燃气爆炸事故为例. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.006
Xin LI, You-bang LE, Gang ZHANG, Xian-feng CHEN, Yi LI. Analysis of Natural Gas Explosion based on Accident Investigation Technique——Taking Shiyan “6·13” Major Gas Explosion Accident as Example[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.006
相较于其它化石燃料,天然气燃烧产生较少的CO2,造成的温室效应较低。同时,天然气也具备储量大、热值高、运输方便等优点,因而被广泛应用于发电、烹饪取暖、化工生产、汽车等工业和生活领域,对经济发展和社会进步起到了重要的推动作用。另一方面,天然气也具备易燃、易爆属性,在长距离管道输运过程中因泄漏产生的燃爆事故屡见不鲜。据相关资料统计,2016年至2020年,全国共发生天然气爆炸事故3934起,死亡498人;2021年全年发生天然气事故455起,死亡59人,其中,天然气管网事故339起,管网事故率为0.321起/千公里,对社会发展产生了严重的负面影响[1-4]
探索事故的发生、发展及产生后果,是正确认识和预防事故发生的重要举措。Khan等对1926—1997年化工行业重大事故进行了简要概述[5],介绍了各类事故产生的危害。此研究为相关火灾爆炸事故的调查提供了参考。Chen等比较分析了1980—2000年和2000—2010年中国重大燃气爆炸事故的特征[6],系统总结了事故原因、环境因素和人为失误之间的相关性,为降低事故频率提供了理论指导。此后,大量学者基于事故案例建立并提出一系列风险评估方法和模型,对爆炸事故风险进行综合评估。Chen等提出一种综合风险分析模型EDIB(ET-DEMATEL-ISM-BN)模型[7],可用于分析天然气管道泄漏事故的演化过程,并在考虑多种影响因素的情况下对天然气管道泄漏事故进行概率风险评估。研究表明,天然气管道泄漏事故的发生时间和发生地点主要影响应急响应效率,进而影响事故后果。温传瑞研究了室内燃气泄漏后的扩散规律[8],爆炸发生后的冲击波及火焰传播规律,提出居民户内燃爆事故的预防机制。使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA计算软件,Jiang等人研究了十堰“6·13”燃气爆炸事故中冲击波及爆炸飞散物对建筑物外人员的损伤情况[9]
一起爆炸事故发生后,通过事故调查可获得相应的事故信息,这对于分析事故原因、防止类似事故的发生起着至关重要的作用。此外,事故调查结果是确定事故责任主体的重要环节。基于燃气爆炸的传播方式和特点,常颖等人系统阐述了爆炸燃气分析、起爆部位分析、泄漏点和泄漏原因分析等过程及依据[10],研究结果可为燃气爆炸事故的追根溯源提供技术支持与参考。张磊等借助视频分析技术还原火灾现场[11],进而查明起火原因,厘清事故责任。本文以2021年十堰“6·13”燃气爆炸事故为例,借助相关关键事故调查技术,探寻爆炸事故起因、发展与后果,揭示天然气爆炸机理。
2021年6月13日,湖北省十堰市张湾区艳湖社区的集贸市场(下称“集贸市场”)发生重大燃气爆炸事故,造成26人死亡,138人受伤,直接经济损失约5395.41万元。该起事故直接原因为天然气管道破裂,泄漏的天然气与空气混合形成爆炸性气体,遇餐饮商户排油烟管道排出的火星发生爆炸。
事故发生后,党中央、国务院高度重视,习近平总书记、李克强总理立即做出重要指示,要求全力抢救伤员,查明事故原因,严肃追责。湖北省委书记应勇主持召开事故调查工作部署会议,宣布成立事故调查组,下设综合组、技术组、管理组、审查调查组,邀请燃气、火灾、安全、特种设备等方面专家参加事故调查。国务院安委会挂牌督办并派出督办组现场指导督办事故调查工作。
涉事集贸市场坐落在“茶树沟”河道上,为地上二层钢混结构建筑,东西长约107 m、南北宽约14 m,建筑面积2850.44 m2。集贸市场下方依河道形成南北封闭、东西局部封堵的受限空间,自西向东高约2.7 m至4.0 m,容积约5300 m3(含桥洞容积200 m3)。一层为17间沿街店铺,二层为老年人活动中心、培训机构等,如图1所示。
河道内沿两侧河堤铺设有燃气、电气、暖气等管道线路,其中位于集贸市场建筑东端下方,有DN57 mm由北向南架空穿越河道的中压天然气管道,管道内部压力在0.1~0.25 MPa之间波动,如图2所示。
爆炸现场以集贸市场为中心向外幅射,整栋集贸市场受损严重。一层地面除东南角四桍局部残存外,其余楼板均垮塌掉落下方河道中,隔墙四分之三倒塌,破坏程度西侧重于东侧。二层地面除东侧六桍残存外,其余楼板全部垮塌落入下方河道,隔墙三分之二倒塌。整栋建筑屋面西侧两桍被炸穿顶,门窗、空调外机均向外飞脱掉落。河道南、北侧封堵墙体被炸解体,如图3所示。
集贸市场西墙紧邻茶树沟桥,桥西河道内48 m处发现一段弯曲变形的燃气管道,管道长5.81 m。距桥70 m处发现另一段弯曲变形的燃气管道,长度5.03 m,两端管道的离断面均不整齐。经勘验两段管道离断面均为爆炸冲击波撕裂所致。爆炸现场西侧破坏情况见图4
现场勘查过程中发现,集贸市场东南角下方河道内残存一段DN57 mm中压天然气管道。如图5所示,该管道紧邻生活污水排水口,爆炸作用下管道垮塌掉入河道底部。由于天然气管道长期处于潮湿环境,管道锈蚀减薄,局部穿孔破裂,残留部分最薄处不足1 mm,见图6
此外,经事故现场相关人员问询与视频监控资料分析,爆炸前集贸市场东南角处最先发现淡黄色烟气从河道内飘出。集贸市场东部一楼商户听到“嘭”的响声,看到洗菜池下水孔处向上冒气,符合天然气从河道空间向室内扩散的特征。经走访,管道下游的芙蓉小区有居民反映当天早上燃气压力较低,可证实泄漏管道为正在使用的管道,且已经发生了泄漏失压。
综上,天然气泄漏点位于该市场建筑东南角下方河道内直径为57 mm的中压天然气管道上,裂口距南墙约0.4 m,如图7所示。
天然气主要成分为甲烷,爆炸极限5%~15%,最佳爆炸浓度约为9.5%,最小点火能约为0.28 mJ。天然气泄漏爆炸本质上是天然气与空气的快速氧化反应,属于典型的化学爆炸。受限空间内的天然气爆炸产生典型的“两波三区结构”,即爆燃火焰波与前驱冲击波将爆炸流场分为未燃天然气区、燃烧区,燃烧产物区,如图8所示。
集贸市场底层河道空间东南侧发生天然气泄漏,并在南北封闭、东西局部封堵的受限空间内积聚和扩散。本节使用ANSYS/FLUENT计算模拟软件,以DN57 mm管道为参考,建立河道的等比二维物理模型,对受限空间内天然气高速泄漏扩散过程进行模拟,以便获得可燃气云在时空领域的分布特征。根据现场分析与理论计算,设置燃气管道泄漏流量为0.56 m3/s,河道东端中部设置泄漏孔,孔径20 mm。为简化问题的复杂性,便于计算精度与效率的提高,对求解过程做出如下假设:(1)河道空间内的空气为不可压缩流体,可燃气扩散过程中呈湍流状态;(2)天然气泄漏过程为定常流动,泄漏速率不变;(3)空气与天然气在河道空间内扩散,不发生化学反应;(4)河道空间内无风,即外界风速设置为0。参考相关类似模拟研究工作,采用基于压力耦合方程组的半隐式算法,求解分析天然气泄漏扩散的动力学过程[12]。设定操作压力1 atm,在竖向施加重力,同时考虑到浮力的影响,将控制选项中的全浮力(Full Buoyancy Effects)选项打开。燃气的泄漏扩散过程涉及化学组分的输运,在控制面板中打开组分输运模型(Species Transport),将组分输运物质选定为甲烷-空气。甲烷与空气的物性参数采用Fluent材料库自带,不需要额外创建。
经过几何建模、网格划分、求解设置及结果导出与分析过程,图9获得了不同时刻河道空间内甲烷体积浓度的扩散传播规律。结合图9泄漏天然气体积浓度变化规律可知,由于天然气密度低,受浮力影响所致,大部分气体首先聚集在河道空间上部。受东侧封挡结构影响,泄漏天然气由东向西扩散,约10 min后到达西侧桥洞,并开始从顶部向外逸出。随着天然气持续泄漏,气体浓度逐渐升高,并形成由上而下、自东向西浓度逐渐递减的天然气/空气预混气云。40 min后,东侧天然气泄漏量与西侧溢出量基本相等,天然气浓度达到动态平衡。
燃气泄漏达到稳定状态后,东侧燃气层厚度约1.8 m(与东侧封挡高度基本一致),天然气层厚度自东向西呈现逐渐增加趋势,向西扩散至距东端50 m左右时,燃气充满整个断面并一直延伸到底层空间西端。根据图9中燃气体积浓度云图及河道空间内相关监测点数据可知,燃气浓度达到平衡状态时其浓度范围7%~14%。
根据图9中模拟计算得到的天然气体积分数分布,使用Fluent后处理程序对河道底层空间内对稳态下的天然气体积分数(Xf)进行体积积分
可得到底层空间内天然气的体积总量,约为600 m3。底层空间内总体积约为5300 m3,天然气平均体积分数约为11.3%。该体积浓度处于天然气的爆炸极限范围内,符合发生燃气燃爆的浓度条件。
对于河道内燃气爆炸压力传播过程的分析,基于4.1节模拟计算结果,同时使用Fluent自带的CH4/air反应机理,如式(2),对CH4与air的爆燃反应中涉及的化学反应加以计算。选用组分输运方程中的层流有限速率模型作为传质方程。
由于气体爆炸时间极短,忽略可燃气云与河道空间内壁面传热,假定壁面为绝热边界条件。采用标准k-ε湍流模型,SIMPLE求解算法。环境温度设置为298.15 K。为实现可燃气体的成功点火,以实际着火点发现位置为依据,在河道东端设置一个局部高温区,温度初始化2100 K,可实现天然气云的稳定燃烧。
基于以上求解设置,提取爆炸压力传播过程中压力云图(图10(a))及不同时刻河道内东西向中轴线处压力值(图10(b)),分析河道半密闭空间内爆炸压力变化规律。
图10(a)中,预混气云在底层空间距东侧6 m处被引燃后主要形成自东向西传播的高速火焰和冲击波,106 ms时爆炸冲击波到达西侧桥洞后发生泄压,爆炸压力迅速下降,泄放后的爆炸冲击波呈环形向周围空间传播。泄漏天然气-空气预混气云爆炸压力在河道东西向轴线位置随时间的变化趋势如图10(b)所示。爆炸初期,爆炸压力峰值较低,约为60 kPa,随后出现了明显震荡上行的压力波峰。随着爆时间的延后,压力峰值位置逐渐向西移动,这符合典型的气体爆炸不稳定传播的特征,即出现火焰震荡的现象[13]。当气体爆炸超压达到钢筋混凝土房屋破坏范围(100~200 kPa)时[14],顶层楼板与南北侧砖墙被摧毁,该过程与爆炸现场勘查结果一致。随着爆炸冲击波继续自东向西传播,流场湍流度增大,可燃气燃烧愈加充分,爆炸超压峰值表现出较为明显的上升趋势,最大爆炸压力峰值约250 kPa,出现在集贸市场最西侧。随后爆炸冲击波通过西侧桥洞并发生泄压,压力峰值迅速下降,如图10(b)t=157 ms时压力曲线变化所示。此外,当爆炸冲击波抵达西侧相邻的桥洞时,由于桥洞断面部分封堵,导致西侧出现较大的反射冲击波。在初始与反射冲击波的双重作用下,最西侧建筑结构破坏最严重,房屋地板及顶板均在冲击作用下严重损毁,且地圈梁向外发生明显形变,如图11所示。
经数值模拟计算,底部及桥洞内天然气体积600 m3,天然气质量mf=600×0.764 kg/m3=458.4 kg。
爆炸TNT当量计算公式[15]
式中:mTNT为等效TNT质量,kg;A为当量系数,取0.04;mf为发生爆炸的天然气质量,kg;Qf为天然气爆热,可取甲烷的燃烧热,取5.56×104 kJ/kg;QTNT为TNT爆热,取4.52×103 kJ/kg。
基于以上公式及参数,计算得mTNT=225 kg。该爆炸当量与官方公布数据具有高度一致性[16]
以十堰“6·13”重大燃气爆炸事故为调查对象,对事故发生、发展及破坏后果进行了详细叙述。现场踏勘发现涉事集贸市场底部河道内存在一根靠近排污口自北向南架空的DN57 mm中压天然气管道,在爆炸后现场内发现该天然气管道锈蚀减薄,局部穿孔断裂,初步认定为天然气泄漏点。经视频监控分析、居民走访与问询,发现该管道所在位置最先发现扩散传播的气体,进一步佐证了天然气泄漏点的判断。通过理论分析、数值模拟,得到了自燃气泄漏至爆炸发生时间段内,积聚在河道内部的天然气质量为600 m3,爆炸TNT当量为225 kg,与官方公布数据高度一致。结合数值模拟获取的冲击波传播规律,发现冲击波与火焰在涉事集贸市场中自东向西传播时,爆炸超压逐渐增大。集贸市场西侧爆炸超压达到最大值,在初始与反射激波的双重冲击下,西侧建筑物屋顶炸穿,楼板、墙体全部脱落,地圈梁、桥面弯曲变形,整体破坏程度远大于东侧。数值模拟获取的超压分布规律与集贸市场实际损毁状态分布高度契合。该研究工作提出的事故分析思路和调查方法,将为重大安全事故的调查提供重要的理论与技术支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52274224)
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.006
  • 接收时间:2023-05-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-24
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274224)
国家自然科学基金项目(52274224)
作者信息
    1.黄石市消防救援支队,黄石 435000
    2.武汉理工大学,武汉 430070
    3.中钢集团 武汉安全环保研究院有限公司,武汉 430080
    4.南阳防爆电气研究所有限公司,南阳 473000
    5.南京理工大学,南京 210094

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李毅(1995-),男,博士研究生,从事工业安全研究工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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