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Dynamic disturbance scattering such as blasting generates dynamic stress concentration which is an important factor resulting in instability and damage in underground structures. In this paper, a theoretical model of a deeply buried pipeline under plane P-wave incidence is developed based on the wave function expansion method. Fourier transforms and Duhamel integrals were introduced to solve the transient response around a deeply buried circular aqueduct, and the effect of wavelength on the transient response was analyzed. Considering that the ground stress is a non-negligible factor for the destabilization of deep structures, a numerical model was established with the help of LS-DYNA finite element software to analyze the dynamic response mechanism of deeply buried pipelines under the action of the initial stress. The results of the study show that the compressive stress concentration generated by short-wave incidence is greater, and the tensile stress concentration due to long-wave incidence is greater, and the tensile stress concentration is very easy to occur along the direction of incidence. The larger the lateral pressure coefficient, the more pronounced is the suppression of the dynamic response in the presence of initial stresses. In addition, the pipeline and the surrounding rock mass under the initial stress state will experience more drastic fluctuations in the stress state when subjected to dynamic loading. These research phenomena reveal that the dynamic response mechanism of underground pipelines and the impact of the in-situ stress environment, which can be used for the seismic optimization design of deep underground structures.

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爆破等动力扰动散射产生动应力集中是导致地下结构发生失稳破坏的重要因素。基于波函数展开法建立了平面P波入射下深埋管道的理论模型,引入傅里叶变换和Duhamel积分方法求解了深埋圆形输水管道周围的瞬态响应,分析了波长对瞬态响应的影响。考虑到地应力是深部结构失稳不可忽略的因素,而含初始应力的动力学方程无法有效解耦,因此借助LS-DYNA有限元软件建立数值模型,分析了初始应力作用下深埋管道的动力响应机制。研究结果表明:短波入射产生的压应力集中更大,长波入射导致的拉应力集中更大,沿入射方向极易出现拉应力集中。在初始应力的作用下,侧压系数越大,对动态应力集中响应的抑制作用愈发明显;另外,处于初始应力状态下的管道及周围岩体在受到动态冲击时,应力状态会发生较为剧烈的波动。这些研究现象揭示了地下管道的动态响应机制以及地应力环境产生的影响,对深部地下结构的抗震优化设计具有借鉴和指导意义。

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丁三毛(1974-),女,高级工程师、本科,从事工程分析与测试研究,(E-mail)

DING San-mao (1974-), female, senior engineer, undergraduate, main research direction in engineering analysis and testing, (E-mail) .

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丁三毛(1974-),女,高级工程师、本科,从事工程分析与测试研究,(E-mail)

DING San-mao (1974-), female, senior engineer, undergraduate, main research direction in engineering analysis and testing, (E-mail) .

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丁三毛(1974-),女,高级工程师、本科,从事工程分析与测试研究,(E-mail)

DING San-mao (1974-), female, senior engineer, undergraduate, main research direction in engineering analysis and testing, (E-mail) .

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label=Table 1, caption=

Model calculation conditions

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λσx/MPaσy/MPaσp/MPa
00305
0.515305
130305
1.545305
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模型计算工况

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λσx/MPaσy/MPaσp/MPa
00305
0.515305
130305
1.545305
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考虑地应力影响的深埋圆形管道在爆破P波作用下的动力响应
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023,40(3): 177-183
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023, 40(3): 177-183
考虑地应力影响的深埋圆形管道在爆破P波作用下的动力响应
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丁三毛
作者信息
  • 中国铁建港航局集团有限公司,珠海 519070
  • 丁三毛(1974-),女,高级工程师、本科,从事工程分析与测试研究,(E-mail)

    DING San-mao (1974-), female, senior engineer, undergraduate, main research direction in engineering analysis and testing, (E-mail) .

Dynamic Response of Deep Buried Circular Pipeline Subjected to Blasting P-wave Considering Influence of In-situ Stress
San-mao DING
Affiliations
  • CRCC Harbour & CHANNEL Engineering BUREAU Group Co, Ltd, Zhuhai 519070, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.024
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爆破等动力扰动散射产生动应力集中是导致地下结构发生失稳破坏的重要因素。基于波函数展开法建立了平面P波入射下深埋管道的理论模型,引入傅里叶变换和Duhamel积分方法求解了深埋圆形输水管道周围的瞬态响应,分析了波长对瞬态响应的影响。考虑到地应力是深部结构失稳不可忽略的因素,而含初始应力的动力学方程无法有效解耦,因此借助LS-DYNA有限元软件建立数值模型,分析了初始应力作用下深埋管道的动力响应机制。研究结果表明:短波入射产生的压应力集中更大,长波入射导致的拉应力集中更大,沿入射方向极易出现拉应力集中。在初始应力的作用下,侧压系数越大,对动态应力集中响应的抑制作用愈发明显;另外,处于初始应力状态下的管道及周围岩体在受到动态冲击时,应力状态会发生较为剧烈的波动。这些研究现象揭示了地下管道的动态响应机制以及地应力环境产生的影响,对深部地下结构的抗震优化设计具有借鉴和指导意义。

动力响应  /  动态应力集中因子(DSCF)  /  数值模拟  /  初始应力  /  侧压系数

Dynamic disturbance scattering such as blasting generates dynamic stress concentration which is an important factor resulting in instability and damage in underground structures. In this paper, a theoretical model of a deeply buried pipeline under plane P-wave incidence is developed based on the wave function expansion method. Fourier transforms and Duhamel integrals were introduced to solve the transient response around a deeply buried circular aqueduct, and the effect of wavelength on the transient response was analyzed. Considering that the ground stress is a non-negligible factor for the destabilization of deep structures, a numerical model was established with the help of LS-DYNA finite element software to analyze the dynamic response mechanism of deeply buried pipelines under the action of the initial stress. The results of the study show that the compressive stress concentration generated by short-wave incidence is greater, and the tensile stress concentration due to long-wave incidence is greater, and the tensile stress concentration is very easy to occur along the direction of incidence. The larger the lateral pressure coefficient, the more pronounced is the suppression of the dynamic response in the presence of initial stresses. In addition, the pipeline and the surrounding rock mass under the initial stress state will experience more drastic fluctuations in the stress state when subjected to dynamic loading. These research phenomena reveal that the dynamic response mechanism of underground pipelines and the impact of the in-situ stress environment, which can be used for the seismic optimization design of deep underground structures.

dynamic response  /  dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF)  /  numerical simulation  /  initial stress  /  lateral pressure coefficient
丁三毛. 考虑地应力影响的深埋圆形管道在爆破P波作用下的动力响应. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 177 -183 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.024
San-mao DING. Dynamic Response of Deep Buried Circular Pipeline Subjected to Blasting P-wave Considering Influence of In-situ Stress[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 177 -183 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.024
爆破等动力扰动对深埋结构的影响一直是动力学研究的热点问题,在复杂的环境中,轻微的扰动就可能诱发地下结构的损伤与失稳[1]。对地下结构在动态应力作用下的力学行为的研究,常用应力波在地下结构上的散射理论进行分析研究[2]。早在20世纪就有很多学者开展了应力波散射的研究,Sezawa K最先引入特殊函数并求解了弹性波入射球体和柱体的散射[3],随后Pao和Mow全面地解释了弹性波在不同形状结构体中的散射现象和数学解[4],系统地描述了波函数展开法求解孔洞周边应力集中问题的思路。随后刘殿魁等引入复变函数法用于求解任意形状孔洞周边的动应力集中问题[5]。这些孔洞散射问题的研究是基于无限介质假设,并没有考虑边界的反射影响。Lee提出大圆弧假定方法[6,7],结合复变函数求解得到了半空间中圆形孔洞对弹性波散射的解析解。梁建文等基于该方法研究分析了浅埋多个洞室的动态响应[8]。实际工程中,地下岩土体并非完整介质仅含孔洞,而是常见孔洞/裂隙中含有充填物或地下洞室采用衬砌支护等完整岩体中含夹塞体等情况。Tao等引入马修函数得到了完整弹性介质中含有椭圆夹塞物在冲击荷载作用下的解析解[9]。王长柏等结合实际引水隧道工程[10],采用波函数展开法分析了无限介质中双层衬砌圆形隧洞在P波作用下的衬砌参数敏感性。王帅帅和高波则进一步研究了多层复合式衬砌洞室的动应力集中问题[11],分析了不同衬砌刚度和厚度组合对动力响应的影响并给出了抗震支护优化措施。实际上,工程中大多数扰动都是瞬态波的形式,比如爆破、地震、机械开挖等动力扰动,以上简谐波入射的研究成果并不能准确全面的分析地下结构周围的动应力集中情况。Tao等采用傅里叶变换技术[12],引入雷克子波作为入射函数,分析了充液圆腔周围的瞬态响应,采用LS-DYNA数值模拟对理论结果进行了验证,并进一步分析孔洞内液体占比对动力响应的影响。李梅等采用波函数展开法和梯形求积得到了衬砌隧洞的瞬态响应[13],分析了动应力集中系数、振动速度的变化规律。
上述研究成果表明有关无限且自由边界条件下应力波遇地下结构散射问题的研究已比较为完善,但深埋地下的结构时刻承受着地应力的作用,以往研究中波函数展开法和傅里叶变换并未考虑初始应力改变地下结构物理状态的影响。而由于波动方程在含初始应力材料的问题中无法有效求解,因此初始应力作用下地下结构的动力响应问题目前并没有理论解析。有学者通过数值模拟的手段对这类问题进行了分析[14-16],还有学者采用动静组合加载室内试验的方式开展了相关研究[17]
综上,在以往研究的基础上开展了地下圆形管道在初始应力作用下的动力响应研究。首先,采用波函数展开法与傅里叶变换得到了瞬态入射波作用下管道周围的动态应力集中因子(DSCF),利用LS-DYNA有限元数值模拟软件进行隐-显式联合求解,得到了不同地应力状态下管道在冲击载荷作用下的动力响应特性。
爆破P波入射处于地应力状态下深埋管道的简化模型如图1所示,假设地下管道与周围岩体均为线弹性、各向同性介质,岩体介质为无限边界。管道内侧半径为r1,外侧半径为r2,弹性空间的泊松比、剪切模量和密度分别为u1G1ρ1,衬砌为u2G2ρ2,流体的密度为ρ3。管道承受着来自两个方向的非均布应力σxσy作用,定义侧压系数为λ=σxy。基于弹性力学理论,管道与围岩的应力状态可以由式(1)表达[18]
大多数爆破荷载呈现为先上升至峰值再逐渐降低为0的模式,本文以爆破等典型工程扰动为例,引入半正弦波形函数作为爆破扰动源进行分析,该曲线函数表达式如下
不考虑流体的压力,仅分析动载荷作用下管道和围岩的应力分布,首先根据波函数展开法和波场分析,当入射平面P波在固体中传播过程中遇到管道与围岩交界面时,发生散射,围岩中产生反射P波与SV波,而管道内与流体中则出现驻波,由此可得到各个介质中的波场分布表达式[13,19,20]。将波场表达式代入应力应变关系即可求得稳态入射波作用下管道和周围岩体的环向DSCF[19]
式中:G=G1/G2,表示岩石介质与衬砌的弹性模量之比;β1为剪切波波数;e-iωt为时间因子;表示不同的波场对应力与位移的贡献;An~Fn为待求解的未知系数[19]
在得到稳态解的基础上,引入傅里叶变换与Duhamel积分方法[19],将前文提到的半正弦函数作为激励函数,通过波形分解和叠加计算,即可得到管道与围岩在爆破P波入射作用下的瞬态响应解析解[16]
χxω)为稳态系统的导纳,即式(1)求得的稳态响应;t0为入射波周期(即波长);ω为入射波频率;为简化分析计算与分析,定义无量纲时间t=cpt*/r,表示瞬态入射波经过管道半径所需的时间;其他参数参考文献[19]中工况一的算例。
考虑高频和低频两种扰动情形,高频入射波的波长设置为100,而低频扰动的波场则设置为10。如图2所示,图2(a)与(b)表示在波长为10的瞬态入射波作用下的瞬态响应分布,而图2(c)与(d)则表示波长为100入射波作用下的瞬态响应曲线。由图2(a)与(b)可知,在垂直入射方向(即π/2,3π/2位置),围岩与管道周围的瞬态DSCF随时间先快速上升至峰值,再迅速降低并随之出现负值,最后归零。沿入射方向(即0,π位置),瞬态DSCF表现出一定的波动现象,随时间首先小幅度上升,而后降低并出现负值,负的峰值大于正峰值。说明围岩与管道在瞬态扰动作用下,顶部与底部主要承受压应力,而两侧则易出现拉应力集中,预制管道时应当加强可能受到扰动方向的抗拉强度。由图2(c)和(d)可知,在入射波长较大的情况下,瞬态响应曲线随时间逐渐上升至峰值,而后降低并达到负的峰值,曲线波动相较短波长入射时更小。
分别提取0和π/2位置的时程和峰值时刻的空间分布数据,得到图3所示的瞬态响应曲线,图3(a)表示不同波长入射作用下下管道与围岩在0、π/2位置的瞬态响应曲线。图3(b)则反映了入射波峰值时刻管道与围岩瞬态响应的空间分布,结果表明:整体上短波入射下的瞬态DSCF略大于长波入射的情况,但长波入射作用下π/2位置的拉应力集中程度比短波入射更大,围岩的瞬态DSCF约为管道的两倍。
采用商业分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立数值模型,研究初始应力条件下地下管道受动载作用产生的动态应力集中状态。模型包括岩石和管道部分,均使用线弹性材料,通过关键字*MAT_ELASTIC进行定义,材料参数与理论计算参数一致。模型长60 m,宽40 m,厚度为0.25 m,如图4所示。左侧为动载荷施加端,右侧设置为无反射边界,以消除边界反射的影响,其余为自由边界条件。模型右侧和Z方向施加节点约束,固定xz方向的位移。改变模型侧压系数,研究不同侧压系数条件下地下圆形管道的动态扰动问题,模型计算工况见表1。对模型进行应力初始化,得到应力分布云图如图5所示。
模型保持初始应力状态,采用“隐式-显式耦合”的模拟方案实现该模型在承受地应力状态下的动力加载,在左侧施加动态荷载。图6为管道和围岩内壁在不同时刻受到动力扰动时的应力分布云图,图6(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)侧压系数分别为0、0.5、1、1.5。应力波从模型左侧开始传递,在边缘处沿入射方向产生拉应力,垂直方向上则是先产生压应力再产生拉应力。当应力波到达管道边缘时发生散射,在管道和围岩内壁出现动态应力集中现象。沿入射方向先产生拉应力,并逐渐增大,逐渐往垂直入射方向扩展,再受到压应力。
图6可知,当侧压系数为0和0.5时,应力波传递过程中围岩的波动较小,应力状态变化不明显,围岩受到的应力逐渐增大到峰值,随后开始减小,此时应力集中区分布在围岩和管道左右两侧。当测压系数为1和1.5时,应力波传递到管道时能明显观察到应力传递过程,应力集中区由左右两侧转移到上下两侧。由此可知,当侧压系数小于1时,管道和围岩内壁左右侧受到的应力较大,与初始应力状态相关。当侧压系数大于1时,模型上下两侧初始应力大于左右两侧,应力波传播过程中逐渐向垂直入射方向偏移,并在管道和围岩内壁上下侧形成应力集中。
不同侧压系数状态下围岩与管道周围的瞬态DSCF分布如图7(a)~(h)所示,考虑地应力作用下的管道瞬态响应出现了较大的波动,尤其是入射波波长尾部时段,这是由于动载荷改变了管道原有的应力状态,而在应力波加载结束时,管道周边应力回弹,恢复原有状态。这是一个全动态的过程。不同的侧压系数,瞬态DSCF表现出截然不同的分布情况,但依旧很好地保持着空间上的对称分布。同时,侧压系数的增大,对围岩和管道的瞬态响应具有一定的抑制作用。需要注意的是,当γ=1时,瞬态DSCF的最大峰值出现在应力波入射结束后。除γ=0外,围岩与管道的瞬态DSCF分布趋势相同,且管道内的瞬态响应同样为围岩中的一半。
由于初始应力的存在,动载荷作用下的管道与围岩的物理力学状态会随之动态变化,且波动方程在这种情况下无法分离变量,因此无法得到初始应力作用下动力扰动问题的解析解答。利用有限元软件LS-DYNA构建数值模型并赋值弹性材料,通过显-隐式联合求解的方法,得到了初始应力状态下深埋管道及围岩在动态载荷作用下的响应特性。通过设置不同的侧压系数,分析了管道与围岩对初始应力的敏感性。研究结果表明,管道与围岩在动静组合加载作用下的受力状态并非简单的线性叠加,相较于纯动载作用,施加初始应力后围岩与管道周围的动态响应发生了较大的波动的同时,能够降低动应力集中。随着侧压系数的增大,降低动应力集中的现象更加明显。但这并不代表管道深埋地下能够有效降低爆破扰动造成的损伤,反而是剧烈波动的DSCF说明了管道与围岩处于压应力和拉应力交替的状态,围岩和管道更可能发生损伤甚至失稳破坏。因此,开展不同初始应力状态下,研究动力扰动对深埋管道动力响应的影响,对深部高应力状态下的管道防护与抗震设计具有重要意义。
首先采用波函数展开法与傅里叶变换技术得到了地下圆形管道的瞬态响应解析解,考虑了短波和长波入射两种情况,分别分析了围岩与管道中的瞬态DSCF分布及变化规律。借助LS-DYNA有限元数值模拟规避含初始应力而得不到动力响应解析解的问题,通过构建数值模型得到了不同侧压系数下围岩与管道的动力响应特征。
(1)理论计算表明围岩和管道在瞬态扰动作用下,垂直入射方向将产生较大应力集中现象,并经历“压应力峰值—迅速降低—拉应力峰值”的阶段。另外,短波长入射波作用产生的压应力峰值更大,但长波入射在应力波传播结束时将造成较大的拉应力集中。管道与围岩的瞬态DSCF空间上始终呈对称分布状态,围岩中的DSCF值为管道的两倍。
(2)数值模拟结果表明:随着侧压系数的增大,初始应力对瞬态响应的抑制作用逐渐明显。由于初始应力的存在,动力扰动将改变原有的应力平衡状态,导致管道周围的瞬态DSCF出现较为剧烈的波动。但在初始应力作用下围岩中瞬态DSCF依旧为管道内壁的两倍。
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.024
  • 接收时间:2023-07-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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