Article(id=1241687543977144378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1665331200000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970979923, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970979923, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970979923, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970979923, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=134, endPage=142, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687544312688704, articleId=1241687543977144378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation Study on Folding Blasting Demolition of Frame-tube Building, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The building to be demolished was a framework-tube structure with high structural strength and good stability. It was located in a densely populated area with a complex surrounding environment. To determine a reasonable blasting demolition plan, the “three-dimensional gradual detonation” method was proposed, which was a way of detonation that achieves spatial delay by differentiating the delay time of adjacent blasting column holes in the horizontal and vertical planes of the blasting notch. Then, ANSYS/LSDYNA finite element software was used to simulate and analyze three different blasting schemes: V-shaped detonation, symmetrical detonation, and “three-dimensional gradual detonation” with a delay time of 0.50 s. By comparing the shape and range of blasting muck pile, and energy changes when the structure touches the ground, the blasting scheme “three-dimensional gradual detonation” with a delay time of 0.50 s was finally determined. The results showed that compared with symmetrical detonation, the “three-dimensional gradual detonation” reduced the kinetic energy when the structure touched the ground by 50% and increased the internal energy by 47%. Compared with V-shaped detonation, the kinetic energy when the structure touched the ground was reduced by 36%, and the internal energy was increased by 31%. The use of “three-dimensional gradual detonation” reduces the collapse vibration of the structure and completely disintegrates it, reducing the range of the blasting muck pile. When the delay time is 0.50 s, the width and length of the blasting muck pile and the collapse vibration of the structure are smaller than when the delay time is 0.25 s. The numerical simulation time for the upper part of the structure touching the ground was 3.8 s, while the actual time was 4.0 s. The final formation of the blasting muck pile was at 6.0 s, and the numerical simulation of the building collapse process and the range of the blasting muck pile was in basic agreement with the actual blasting effect.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Zhi-qiang (1996-), male, master candidate, mainly engaged in engineering blasting research, (E-mail) .
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待拆除建筑物为框-筒结构,结构强度高,稳定性好,且位于建筑物和人口密集区,周边环境复杂。为确定合理的爆破拆除方案,提出“立体化渐变起爆”方法,即爆破缺口水平面和垂直平面的相邻爆破立柱炮孔延期时间差异化,实现空间上延时的一种起爆方式。然后利用ANSYS/LSDYNA有限元软件,对V形起爆、对称起爆和“立体化渐变起爆”三种不同起爆方式的爆破方案进行模拟分析,通过对比爆堆形态、爆堆范围和结构触地时能量变化等方面,最终确定了延期时间为0.50 s的立体化渐变起爆的爆破方案。结果表明:立体化渐变起爆与对称起爆相比,结构触地时动能降低50%,内能提高47%,与V形起爆相比,结构触地时动能降低36%,内能提高31%;采用立体化渐变起爆降低了结构的塌落触地振动,结构解体完全,减小了爆堆的范围;起爆方式相同,延期时间为0.50 s时的爆堆宽度和长度及结构的塌落触地振动均比0.25 s时小;数值模拟上部结构触地时刻为3.8 s,实际上部结构触地时刻为4.0 s,而最终爆堆形成均为6.0 s,数值模拟楼房的倒塌过程和爆堆范围与实际爆破效果基本吻合。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张志强(1996-),男,硕士研究生,从事工程爆破方向研究,(E-mail)
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费鸿禄(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师,从事工程爆破和地下工程方面的科研与教学工作,(E-mail)

FEI Hong-lu (1963-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and underground engineering research and teaching work, (E-mail) .

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费鸿禄(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师,从事工程爆破和地下工程方面的科研与教学工作,(E-mail)

FEI Hong-lu (1963-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and underground engineering research and teaching work, (E-mail) .

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费鸿禄(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师,从事工程爆破和地下工程方面的科研与教学工作,(E-mail)

FEI Hong-lu (1963-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and underground engineering research and teaching work, (E-mail) .

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journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543977144378, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=方案比选)], refs=[Reference(id=1241687560347513684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543977144378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=49, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=姚显春, 姚尧, 张伟, journalName=爆破器材, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚显春, 姚尧, 张伟, 等. 高层框-剪结构建筑的定向爆破拆除[J]. 爆破器材, 2019, 48(3): 49-54., articleTitle=高层框-剪结构建筑的定向爆破拆除, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687560431399771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543977144378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=49, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=YAO Xian-chun, YAO Yao, ZHANG Wei, journalName=Blasting Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO Xian-chun, YAO Yao, ZHANG Wei, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=A Mathematical model of collapse vibration in blasting demolishing tall buildings, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241687551174570301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543977144378, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241687551187153216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543977144378, companyId=1241687551174570301, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Blasting Technology, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241687551199736130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543977144378, companyId=1241687551174570301, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁工程技术大学 爆破技术研究院,阜新 123000)]), 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Column height to be blasted

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楼层Ⅰ列柱/mⅡ列柱/mⅢ列/mⅣ列/m
五层1.52.02.01.5
四层1.53.03.01.5
二层2.03.03.02.0
一层2.04.54.52.0
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立柱爆破高度

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楼层Ⅰ列柱/mⅡ列柱/mⅢ列/mⅣ列/m
五层1.52.02.01.5
四层1.53.03.01.5
二层2.03.03.02.0
一层2.04.54.52.0
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Physical and mechanical parameters of materials

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材料密度/(kg·m-3弹性模量/GPa泊松比抗拉强度/MPa抗压强度/MPa
混凝土2450350.2355
钢筋78502100.3500-
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材料的物理力学参数

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材料密度/(kg·m-3弹性模量/GPa泊松比抗拉强度/MPa抗压强度/MPa
混凝土2450350.2355
钢筋78502100.3500-
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Numerical simulation of muck pile size

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名称南北长度/m东西宽度/m爆堆高度/m东侧位移/m西侧位移/m南侧位移/m北侧位移/m
原模型35.8032.8029.55----
对称起爆爆破方案37.1538.5013.852.752.950.450.90
V形起爆爆破方案39.9638.4012.842.732.872.651.41
立体化渐变起爆爆破方案39.5037.8112.361.763.251.682.02
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数值模拟爆堆范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称南北长度/m东西宽度/m爆堆高度/m东侧位移/m西侧位移/m南侧位移/m北侧位移/m
原模型35.8032.8029.55----
对称起爆爆破方案37.1538.5013.852.752.950.450.90
V形起爆爆破方案39.9638.4012.842.732.872.651.41
立体化渐变起爆爆破方案39.5037.8112.361.763.251.682.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241687560141992773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543977144378, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Actual and simulated muck pile range

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆堆范围南北长度/m东西宽度/m爆堆高度/m
实际爆破42.2037.1013.10
数值模拟39.5037.8112.36
模拟结果误差/%6.391.915.64
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实际结果与模拟结果的爆堆范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆堆范围南北长度/m东西宽度/m爆堆高度/m
实际爆破42.2037.1013.10
数值模拟39.5037.8112.36
模拟结果误差/%6.391.915.64
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框-筒结构楼房折叠爆破拆除数值模拟研究
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费鸿禄 1 , 张志强 1 , 包士杰 1 , 张广贝 2
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023,40(3): 134-142
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023, 40(3): 134-142
框-筒结构楼房折叠爆破拆除数值模拟研究
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费鸿禄1 , 张志强1 , 包士杰1, 张广贝2
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁工程技术大学 爆破技术研究院,阜新 123000
  • 2.宏大爆破工程集团有限责任公司,长沙 410000
  • 费鸿禄(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师,从事工程爆破和地下工程方面的科研与教学工作,(E-mail)

    FEI Hong-lu (1963-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and underground engineering research and teaching work, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

张志强(1996-),男,硕士研究生,从事工程爆破方向研究,(E-mail)
Numerical Simulation Study on Folding Blasting Demolition of Frame-tube Building
Hong-lu FEI1 , Zhi-qiang ZHANG1 , Shi-jie BAO1, Guang-bei ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Blasting Technology, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
  • 2.Hongda Blasting Engineering Group Co., LTD., Changsha 410000, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.019
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待拆除建筑物为框-筒结构,结构强度高,稳定性好,且位于建筑物和人口密集区,周边环境复杂。为确定合理的爆破拆除方案,提出“立体化渐变起爆”方法,即爆破缺口水平面和垂直平面的相邻爆破立柱炮孔延期时间差异化,实现空间上延时的一种起爆方式。然后利用ANSYS/LSDYNA有限元软件,对V形起爆、对称起爆和“立体化渐变起爆”三种不同起爆方式的爆破方案进行模拟分析,通过对比爆堆形态、爆堆范围和结构触地时能量变化等方面,最终确定了延期时间为0.50 s的立体化渐变起爆的爆破方案。结果表明:立体化渐变起爆与对称起爆相比,结构触地时动能降低50%,内能提高47%,与V形起爆相比,结构触地时动能降低36%,内能提高31%;采用立体化渐变起爆降低了结构的塌落触地振动,结构解体完全,减小了爆堆的范围;起爆方式相同,延期时间为0.50 s时的爆堆宽度和长度及结构的塌落触地振动均比0.25 s时小;数值模拟上部结构触地时刻为3.8 s,实际上部结构触地时刻为4.0 s,而最终爆堆形成均为6.0 s,数值模拟楼房的倒塌过程和爆堆范围与实际爆破效果基本吻合。

框-筒结构  /  拆除爆破  /  数值模拟  /  起爆方式  /  方案比选

The building to be demolished was a framework-tube structure with high structural strength and good stability. It was located in a densely populated area with a complex surrounding environment. To determine a reasonable blasting demolition plan, the “three-dimensional gradual detonation” method was proposed, which was a way of detonation that achieves spatial delay by differentiating the delay time of adjacent blasting column holes in the horizontal and vertical planes of the blasting notch. Then, ANSYS/LSDYNA finite element software was used to simulate and analyze three different blasting schemes: V-shaped detonation, symmetrical detonation, and “three-dimensional gradual detonation” with a delay time of 0.50 s. By comparing the shape and range of blasting muck pile, and energy changes when the structure touches the ground, the blasting scheme “three-dimensional gradual detonation” with a delay time of 0.50 s was finally determined. The results showed that compared with symmetrical detonation, the “three-dimensional gradual detonation” reduced the kinetic energy when the structure touched the ground by 50% and increased the internal energy by 47%. Compared with V-shaped detonation, the kinetic energy when the structure touched the ground was reduced by 36%, and the internal energy was increased by 31%. The use of “three-dimensional gradual detonation” reduces the collapse vibration of the structure and completely disintegrates it, reducing the range of the blasting muck pile. When the delay time is 0.50 s, the width and length of the blasting muck pile and the collapse vibration of the structure are smaller than when the delay time is 0.25 s. The numerical simulation time for the upper part of the structure touching the ground was 3.8 s, while the actual time was 4.0 s. The final formation of the blasting muck pile was at 6.0 s, and the numerical simulation of the building collapse process and the range of the blasting muck pile was in basic agreement with the actual blasting effect.

frame-tube structure  /  demolition blasting  /  numerical simulation  /  initiation mode  /  scheme comparison
费鸿禄, 张志强, 包士杰, 张广贝. 框-筒结构楼房折叠爆破拆除数值模拟研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 134 -142 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.019
Hong-lu FEI, Zhi-qiang ZHANG, Shi-jie BAO, Guang-bei ZHANG. Numerical Simulation Study on Folding Blasting Demolition of Frame-tube Building[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 134 -142 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.019
随着城市的不断建设,需要对城市中废弃的楼房进行拆除[1],建筑物大多地处闹市,周围环境复杂,使得爆破拆除的难度不断增加。通过建立有限元模型对建筑物爆破拆除方案进行数值模拟,确定合理的爆破参数与爆破方案,为爆破拆除提供有力依据[2]
目前,国内外学者对拆除爆破数值模拟进行了一系列的研究,吴建宇等通过LS-DYNA对框-筒楼房倒塌过程进行了模拟[3],得出数值模拟方法能够很好地预测建筑物的倒塌过程及指导拆除爆破的施工;贾永胜等通过LS-DYNA有限元软件对爆破方案中爆破切口高度和延期时间参数的合理性进行了验证[4];杨国梁等通过建立框-筒结构有限元模型[5],对底部起爆和顶部起爆两种不同起爆方式进行了数值模拟;王洪刚等通过合理的设置延期时间使框架结构各节点处产生弯矩[6],从而促进楼房的解体;蒙云琪等利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立分离式模型[7],对设计的两种拆除爆破方案进行模拟分析,最终采用了单向折叠的爆破方案;崔正荣等通过有限元软件LS-DYNA对原地坍塌爆破拆除的爆破层高进行数值模拟[8],确定了最优爆破方案;费鸿禄等利用有限元软件对设计的三种爆破拆除方案进行模拟分析[9],得出雷管延期时间为半秒、半梯形切口为最优设计方案。但上述学者多为利用数值模拟对已拆除建筑物爆破过程的再现和分析。而在实际工程中,能在建筑物拆除前利用数值模拟方法对拆除爆破方案的设计起到优化和指导作用的仍然较少。针对富丽华酒店楼房框-筒的主体结构,地处建筑物和人口密集区,采用数值模拟方法对预设三种不同起爆方式的爆破方案进行模拟,探究起爆方式对爆破效果的影响,对比分析各方案的爆堆形态、爆堆范围及建筑物倒塌过程中的能量变化特征,根据模拟结果和被爆建筑物的环境约束给出合理的爆破方案。
待拆建筑物正北侧72 m处为龙汉城市花园,北侧83 m处为中铁九局六公司,西北侧86 m为沈阳医学院沈州医院,西侧92 m处为客运售票处,东侧距别墅区39 m,东南侧54 m为工人休息室,西南侧44 m为敬宾街,周围环境见图1
待拆建筑物共6层,1层层高6 m,2~4层层高4.8 m,5层层高3.8 m,5、6层之间的管道层层高2.2 m,6层层高3.15 m,建筑物总高度29.55 m,南北长35.8 m,东西宽32.80 m。核心筒结构内含电梯井4个,楼梯间2个。主体结构每层有5排4列共20根立柱,1~5层立柱断面尺寸为1.2 m×1.2 m,6层立柱断面尺寸1.1 m×1.1 m。待拆除建筑物平面图如图2所示。
待拆建筑物为6层框-筒结构楼房,结构强度高,整体性好,高宽比较小,采用定向折叠的倒塌方式结构不易倾倒,且倾倒后难以达到良好的解体效果。北侧医院警戒工作和人员疏散工作难度较大;东侧临近别墅区建有地下储藏室,该建筑物的各项指标标准都较低,并且待拆建筑物高宽比较小,1~3层中部剪力墙已预先拆除,上部结构具有向内塌落的空间,综合考虑选用内向折叠的倒塌方式。内向折叠,即自上而下顺序层层破坏爆破切口内的承重构件,从而在重力的作用下形成内向重力矩,使上部构件向内折叠坍塌[10]。在确定内向折叠倒塌方式的基础上设计了三种不同起爆方式的爆破方案,同时也给出了具体的起爆顺序和延期时间:
(1)对称起爆网路:先起爆第五层Ⅱ、Ⅲ列立柱的炮孔,上部结构在重力作用下向下塌落的同时,起爆第五层Ⅰ、Ⅳ列立柱的炮孔。第五层中间两列立柱的炮孔为起爆点,自上而下对称起爆其余立柱,爆破网路剖面见图3
(2)V形起爆网路:以第五层第Ⅲ列立柱的炮孔为起爆点,然后起爆第五层第Ⅱ、Ⅳ列及第四层Ⅲ立柱炮孔,依次自上而下从中间向两侧起爆,其爆破网路剖面呈V字形,爆破网路剖面见图4
(3)立体化渐变起爆网路:以第四、五层第Ⅲ列E排两个炮孔为起爆点,E排立柱爆破网路剖面见图5(a),相邻排、列和楼层的立柱增加一个雷管段别,以V形起爆相近的炮孔,将空间上相邻立柱炮孔延期时间差异化,实现空间上的延时,A排立柱爆破网路剖面见图5(b)
待拆建筑物立柱混凝土强度为C50,立柱配筋:纵筋32根直径25 mm;箍筋直径12 mm,上下间距100 mm。根据理论公式计算并结合施工经验[11],求得立柱爆破高度,具体立柱的爆破高度见表1
根据工程实际,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件建立共节点分离式模型,模型中的梁、板、柱及墙体等构件尺寸均与实际一致。单元网格划分采用映射网格划分,单元尺寸为0.20 m,整个模型的单元数为342168。
为了提高运算效率,在不影响计算结果的前提下对模型进行适当简化:忽略箍筋,适当提高混凝土屈服强度[12];减少钢筋单元数量,通过增大钢筋直径来保持截面配筋率一致;将地面设置为刚性体。建筑物三维模型如图6所示。
模型中的梁、板、柱及墙体采用SOLID164单元,钢筋采用BEAM161单元。混凝土材料采用脆性损伤模型*MAT_BRITTLE_DAMAGE[13],钢筋采用塑性随动硬化模型*MAT_PLASTIC_KINE MATIC。通过关键字*MAT_ADD_EROSION来控制爆破切口的形成[14],通过设置材料内置的FS失效应变参数控制钢筋失效。通过关键字CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE来控制混凝土单元间的接触,摩擦系数均设为0.5。材料的物理力学参数如表2所示。
待拆建筑物三个拟爆破拆除方案倒塌过程的数值模拟结果见图7。对模型中方向与坐标轴的关系做如下定义:x轴的正向为东,负向为西;y轴正向为上,负向为下;z轴正向为南,负向为北。
对称起爆爆破拆除数值模拟倒塌过程如图7(a)所示,结构在t=1.1 s时第五层立柱已爆破失效,五层以上结构及中部核心筒在重力作用下产生竖向下塌落的趋势,但整个结构总体上仍处于稳定状态;t=2.9 s时二层Ⅱ、Ⅲ列立柱已爆破失效失去承载能力,而存留的纵向钢筋仍能继续承受荷载;t=3.7 s时核心筒及上部立柱触地,部分立柱被压碎;t=5.5 s爆堆形成,结构解体程度较差。
V形起爆爆破拆除数值模拟倒塌过程如图7(b)所示,t=1.3 s时第五层Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ列及四层Ⅲ列立柱已起爆失效,四层以上核心筒以西的部分产生塌落的趋势;随着上部结构爆破切口的闭合及下部立柱的爆破失效,整体结构大幅度塌落并向西侧倾斜;t=3.2 s时上部结构触地;t=5.0 s时倒塌过程结束,爆堆形成,结构解体程度优于对称起爆爆破方案。
立体化渐变起爆爆破拆除数值模拟倒塌过程见图7(c)t=1.5 s时第二、四、五层的部分立柱已失效,结构上部西北侧发生失稳;t=2.9 s时结构上部四、五层最先起爆的部分立柱切口已闭合,西北侧结构严重失稳向下塌落,并带动东侧与南侧部分向西北侧倾斜塌落;t=3.8 s时结构第五层西北角触地,尚未起爆立柱向西北方向呈现出不同程度的弯曲破坏特征;t=5.0~6.0 s时,结构自身碰撞挤压,并伴随其余各部分的塌落触地,t=6.0 s时倒塌过程结束,爆堆形成,结构解体完全。
图7可知,若仅考虑爆堆形态时,采用对称起爆方案时结构的解体程度明显较其余两种方案差,若采用该爆破方案,建筑物倒塌触地时质量较大,产生的塌落触地振动也大,对周围建筑物、临近地下储藏室及地下管道等产生不利影响,因此在本拆除爆破工程中不宜采用对称起爆爆破方案。
有效地控制爆堆范围,是爆破拆除取得理想效果的关键。对三种爆破拆除方案的爆堆范围通过LS-DYNA后置处理软件LS-PREPOST的MEASURE工具进行测量统计,对比分析各拆除方案爆堆的长度、宽度及高度,为选择合理的爆破拆除方案提供参考依据。数值模拟爆堆范围见表3
表3的数据可以看出三种方案的所产生的爆堆东西宽度差别较小,南北长度差别较大。V形起爆方案的爆堆南北长度最大,立体化渐变起爆方案的次之,对称起爆方案的最小。对称起爆方案爆堆南北长度及南、北侧位移最小的原因是受起爆方式的影响,自上而下对称起爆,中部核心筒塌落速度较快,牵引南、北侧结构向中部塌落。立体化渐变起爆爆破方案东西宽度、爆堆高度和东侧位移,均小于其余两方案,立体化渐变起爆爆破方案东侧位移量较小的原因是受起爆点位置及延期时间影响,起爆点设置在结构西侧,爆破网路延期时间由北向南递增使得结构具有向西北侧倾倒的趋势,减小了爆破危害对东侧别墅区的影响。
V形起爆方案的爆堆长度、宽度均较大,若采用此方案会增加爆堆清理和装运的工作量。
在建筑物失稳后,结构塌落和触地的过程中存在势能、动能及内能等能量的转化[15]。内能大部分消耗于梁、板、柱及墙体的破坏及结构自身的变形;动能大部分消耗于建筑物的触地振动。因此,结合数值模拟建筑物倒塌过程中的能量变化曲线,分析建筑物倒塌触地过程的能量变化特征,一定程度上能够反映出爆破拆除的效果。能量时程曲线见图8
图8(a)和图8(b)中实心符号标注点分别为结构触地时的内能和动能。从图中可以看出,对称起爆、V形起爆和立体化渐变起爆三个爆破方案中结构在触地时的内能分别为2.68×107 J、3.46×107 J和5.02×107 J,其结构触地时产生的动能分别为5.06×108 J、4.59×108 J和3.38×108 J。立体化渐变起爆与对称起爆相比,结构触地时内能提高47%,触地时动能降低50%;与和V形起爆相比,结构触地时内能提高31%,触地时动能降低36%。立体化渐变起爆结构触地时的内能最大,动能最小。因此,消耗于梁、板、柱和墙体破坏及结构自身变形的能量最大,结构在空中解体效果及破碎程度最好,降低了触地构件的平均质量;结构触地时的动能最小,产生的塌落触地振动也最小。
通过对比分析三个方案的爆堆形态、爆堆范围和结构触地时能量变化,得出立体化渐变起爆爆破方案为三个方案中的最优方案。
为进一步探究雷管延期时间对框-筒结构楼房爆破拆除效果的影响,在选取立体化渐变起爆爆破方案的基础上,将雷管延期时间从原来的0.5 s改为0.25 s,进行数值模拟计算。对比分析0.25 s与0.50 s两种雷管延期时间对爆破效果的影响。两种延期时间下建筑物最终爆堆形态和尺寸见图9,爆堆高度见图10
图9图10可以看出,当起爆方式相同时,延期时间为0.25 s爆破方案的爆堆长度和宽度均大于延期时间为0.50 s的爆破方案,而两者的爆堆高度差别较小。当延期时间为0.25 s时,结构上部爆破切口未闭合,下部立柱已爆破失效,结构无法形成足够向内折叠的转动铰链,使得部分构件向外侧塌落,导致结构爆堆长度和宽度大于延期时间为0.50 s的爆破方案。
图11动能时程曲线中可以看出,延期时间为0.25 s时爆堆形成的时间为4.4 s,而延期时间为0.50 s时爆堆形成时间为6.0 s。延期时间为0.25 s爆破方案结构触地时产生的动能大于延期时间为0.5 s的爆破方案,因此,与延期时间为0.25 s的爆破方案相比,延期时间为0.5 s的爆破方案结构塌落时产生的塌落触地振动小。
综上结果,本次爆破施工拟选用延期时间为0.50 s的立体化渐变起爆爆破方案。
现场爆破拆除倒塌过程见图12。采用立体化渐变起爆爆破方案,并对建筑物周围进行了加强防护,开挖减震沟等具体措施,建筑物周围仅有少量碎渣喷出,未产生飞石,体感振动较小,未对周围建筑造成不良影响。由图7(c)图12可以看出,数值模拟预测的倒塌过程与现场爆破的倒塌过程基本一致。其中,现场爆破上部结构触地时刻为4.0 s,数值模拟上部结构触地时刻为3.8 s,而最终爆堆形成均为6.0 s。
爆堆范围的实际结果与数值模拟结果对比见表4。从表中可以看出,数值模拟爆堆范围的各项误差均小于10%,在工程允许范围内。
选取两台测振仪振动速度波形如图13所示。
图13中红色虚线右侧为爆破及塌落触地振动,实测振动信号持续时间比实际建筑物倒塌时间略长长是由于地表岩土介质的阻尼振动现象和减振沟的影响。
现场共布置2台TC-4850爆破测振仪,一台位于待拆建筑物东侧39 m别墅区处作为1号测点;另一台位于待拆建筑物西北侧86 m沈阳医学院沈州医院处作为2号测点,两处均为本次爆破拆除工程的保护重点。由于竖向振速最大,因此选取两台测振仪的竖向振速进行分析。1号测点测振仪峰值振速为z方向(竖向)0.38 cm/s,2号测点测振仪峰值振速为z方向(竖向)0.19 cm/s,两侧振仪测得的峰值振速均低于《爆破安全规程》(GB6722—2014)规定的一般民用建筑物无破坏标准的安全振速1.5~2.0 cm/s,因此被保护的建筑物是安全的。
(1)通过数值模拟方法对框-筒结构楼房爆破拆除方案进行分析与比选,确定了符合工况延期时间为0.50 s的立体化渐变起爆爆破方案,完成了框-筒结构楼房的爆破拆除工作。
(2)与对称起爆和V形起爆相比,立体化渐变起爆提高了结构触地时的内能,降低了结构触地时的动能,结构解体完全,降低了爆堆高度和触地振动。
(3)起爆方式相同,延期时间为0.50 s时爆堆长度和宽度均较0.25 s时小;延期时间为0.25 s时构件塌落触地时间比0.50 s时更为集中,结构触地时的动能大,引起的触地振动也大。
(4)数值模拟效果与实际爆破效果基本吻合,数值模拟能够很好地预测框-筒结构楼房的爆堆范围和倒塌过程,为框-筒结构楼房的爆破拆除工作提供技术支持。
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.019
  • 接收时间:2022-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-10
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    1.辽宁工程技术大学 爆破技术研究院,阜新 123000
    2.宏大爆破工程集团有限责任公司,长沙 410000

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张志强(1996-),男,硕士研究生,从事工程爆破方向研究,(E-mail)
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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