Article(id=1241687543587074093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1664812800000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970979830, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970979830, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970979830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970979830, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=129, endPage=133, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687543876481078, articleId=1241687543587074093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Blasting Demolition of 110 m Cooling Tower in Complex Environment, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A 110 m thin wall reinforced concrete cooling tower has been demolished by controlled blasting. Aiming at the characteristics of large height, thin wall and large bottom diameter of the cooling tower, the blasting scheme of “opening window, breaking steel bar and reserving supporting plate” was adopted. In the pre-demolition process, two simplified directional windows were set up along the edge of the blasting zone by optimizing the blasting incision of the cooling tower. In the blasting area, only the bottom and top of the herringbone column of the cooling tower were blasted, and the blasting incision was divided into 5 blasting areas using the non-electric millisecond delay initiation technology. In order to control the damage effect of blasting, laying buffer soil layer and steel plate in the collapse direction of the cooling tower for double protection effectively reduced the collapse touch vibration. The protective measures combined with mesh and geogrid covering at the blasting incision effectively controlled the flying stones without causing damage to the surrounding structures. The blasting effect shows that setting two simplified directional windows on the edge of the blasting incision not only cuts down the drilling and related workload, reduces the safety hazard and the difficulty of protection, but also improves the structural stability of the pre-treatment part and prevents the blasting incision from falling. Through the simplified design of the directional window, the cooling tower distorts and disintegrates fully in the collapse process, with a concentrated explosion pile and small ground vibration.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
CHEN De-zhi (1970-), male, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in blasting engineering and blasting technology research and development, (E-Mail) .
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介绍了一座高110 m的薄壁钢筋混凝土冷却塔的定向控制爆破拆除。针对冷却塔高度大、塔壁薄以及底部直径大的特点,采用“开窗口、断钢筋、预留支撑板块”爆破方案,预拆除中通过对冷却塔爆破缺口进行优化设计,在爆破边沿开设2个简化的定向窗。在爆破区域仅对冷却塔人字柱底部和顶部进行布孔爆破,将爆破切口分为5个起爆区域采用分区分段的非电毫秒延期起爆技术。为了有效控制爆破危害效应,在冷却塔倒塌方向铺设缓冲土层及钢板进行双重防护有效地降低了塌落冲击振动,在爆破切口处采用密目网和土工格栅覆盖相结合的防护措施有效地控制了飞石,未对周围建(构)筑物造成损害。爆破效果表明:在爆破切口边沿开设2个简化的定向窗窗口,不仅减少了钻孔及相关工作量,降低了安全隐患和防护难度,而且提高了预处理部分的结构稳定性,防止爆破切口处下坐;通过对定向窗的简化设计,使得冷却塔在倾倒过程中发生扭曲充分解体,爆堆较为集中,触地振动较小,爆破效果良好。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈德志(1970-),男,博士、正高级工程师,主要从事爆破工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)
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徐顺香(1971-),女,硕士研究生、副教授,主要从事安全工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)

XU Shun-xiang (1971-), female, master degree, associate professor, mainly engaged in the research and development of safety engineering and blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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徐顺香(1971-),女,硕士研究生、副教授,主要从事安全工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)

XU Shun-xiang (1971-), female, master degree, associate professor, mainly engaged in the research and development of safety engineering and blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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徐顺香(1971-),女,硕士研究生、副教授,主要从事安全工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)

XU Shun-xiang (1971-), female, master degree, associate professor, mainly engaged in the research and development of safety engineering and blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Demolition of two 100m high thin-walled cooling towers by controlled blasting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687560322347859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543587074093, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=4, pageStart=58, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=余兴春, 赵端豪, 任少华, journalName=工程爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余兴春, 赵端豪, 任少华. 冷却塔群爆破拆除与安全防护技术探讨[J]. 工程爆破, 2018, 24(4): 58-63., articleTitle=冷却塔群爆破拆除与安全防护技术探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687560381068120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687543587074093, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=4, pageStart=58, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=27, authorNames=YU Xing-chun, ZHAO Duan-hao, REN Shao-hua, journalName=Engineering Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Xing-chun, ZHAO Duan-hao, REN Shao-hua. Discussion on blasting demolition and safety protection technology of cooling towers[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2018, 24(4): 58-63. 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复杂环境下110 m冷却塔控制爆破拆除
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徐顺香 1a , 吴赛格 1a , 罗鹏 1b, 2 , 王威 2, 3 , 陈德志 2, 3 , 谢广波 1a
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023,40(3): 129-133
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023, 40(3): 129-133
复杂环境下110 m冷却塔控制爆破拆除
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徐顺香1a , 吴赛格1a, 罗鹏1b, 2, 王威2, 3, 陈德志2, 3 , 谢广波1a
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430081
  • 1b.武汉科技大学 理学院,武汉 430081
  • 2.江汉大学 精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 3.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056
  • 徐顺香(1971-),女,硕士研究生、副教授,主要从事安全工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)

    XU Shun-xiang (1971-), female, master degree, associate professor, mainly engaged in the research and development of safety engineering and blasting technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

陈德志(1970-),男,博士、正高级工程师,主要从事爆破工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)
Blasting Demolition of 110 m Cooling Tower in Complex Environment
Shun-xiang XU1a , Sai-ge WU1a, Peng LUO1b, 2, wei WANG2, 3, De-zhi CHEN2, 3 , Guang-bo XIE1a
Affiliations
  • 1a.School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
  • 1b.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 3.Wuhan Explosion and Blasting Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.018
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介绍了一座高110 m的薄壁钢筋混凝土冷却塔的定向控制爆破拆除。针对冷却塔高度大、塔壁薄以及底部直径大的特点,采用“开窗口、断钢筋、预留支撑板块”爆破方案,预拆除中通过对冷却塔爆破缺口进行优化设计,在爆破边沿开设2个简化的定向窗。在爆破区域仅对冷却塔人字柱底部和顶部进行布孔爆破,将爆破切口分为5个起爆区域采用分区分段的非电毫秒延期起爆技术。为了有效控制爆破危害效应,在冷却塔倒塌方向铺设缓冲土层及钢板进行双重防护有效地降低了塌落冲击振动,在爆破切口处采用密目网和土工格栅覆盖相结合的防护措施有效地控制了飞石,未对周围建(构)筑物造成损害。爆破效果表明:在爆破切口边沿开设2个简化的定向窗窗口,不仅减少了钻孔及相关工作量,降低了安全隐患和防护难度,而且提高了预处理部分的结构稳定性,防止爆破切口处下坐;通过对定向窗的简化设计,使得冷却塔在倾倒过程中发生扭曲充分解体,爆堆较为集中,触地振动较小,爆破效果良好。

冷却塔  /  爆破拆除  /  定向爆破

A 110 m thin wall reinforced concrete cooling tower has been demolished by controlled blasting. Aiming at the characteristics of large height, thin wall and large bottom diameter of the cooling tower, the blasting scheme of “opening window, breaking steel bar and reserving supporting plate” was adopted. In the pre-demolition process, two simplified directional windows were set up along the edge of the blasting zone by optimizing the blasting incision of the cooling tower. In the blasting area, only the bottom and top of the herringbone column of the cooling tower were blasted, and the blasting incision was divided into 5 blasting areas using the non-electric millisecond delay initiation technology. In order to control the damage effect of blasting, laying buffer soil layer and steel plate in the collapse direction of the cooling tower for double protection effectively reduced the collapse touch vibration. The protective measures combined with mesh and geogrid covering at the blasting incision effectively controlled the flying stones without causing damage to the surrounding structures. The blasting effect shows that setting two simplified directional windows on the edge of the blasting incision not only cuts down the drilling and related workload, reduces the safety hazard and the difficulty of protection, but also improves the structural stability of the pre-treatment part and prevents the blasting incision from falling. Through the simplified design of the directional window, the cooling tower distorts and disintegrates fully in the collapse process, with a concentrated explosion pile and small ground vibration.

cooling tower  /  blasting demolition  /  directional blasting
徐顺香, 吴赛格, 罗鹏, 王威, 陈德志, 谢广波. 复杂环境下110 m冷却塔控制爆破拆除. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 129 -133 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.018
Shun-xiang XU, Sai-ge WU, Peng LUO, wei WANG, De-zhi CHEN, Guang-bo XIE. Blasting Demolition of 110 m Cooling Tower in Complex Environment[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 129 -133 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.018
在冷却塔爆破过程中,爆破切口参数的选取是决定冷却塔能否按设计方向顺利倒塌的主要因素,付天杰等针对冷却塔径高比大、底部直径大的特点,通过采用增大爆破切口对冷却塔进行爆破[1]。卢子冬等运用定向爆破技术,利用机械预拆除阶梯状大减荷槽、开设定向窗、环梁切口等措施,成功拆除了三座特殊结构的冷却塔[2]。任毅等通过采用长方形爆破缺口,在塔体倾倒正面塔身上沿倾倒中心线中间向两侧对称开设个13减荷槽,减少了塔体触地振动[3]。汪高龙等通过采用复合型切口,并用机械在塔壁上开设宽减荷槽和高定向窗,减少了触地振动,使爆堆更加的集中[4]
以淮北电厂110 m冷却塔爆破拆除工程为背景,针对冷却塔高度大、塔壁薄以及底部直径大的特点,采取正梯形爆破切口,通过对冷却塔爆破缺口进行优化设计,在爆破切口边沿开设两个简化的定向窗,提高了施工效率,降低了爆破成本,实现了快速、安全拆除的目的[5-11]
待拆除的冷却塔位于电厂内,东侧距灰管4.6 m;南侧工业水泵回水管线8.8 m;西侧距线塔9.6 m,该线塔为工业园区备用电源需要重点保护,距待爆破6号冷却塔43.6 m;北侧距正在运行的深井水管(埋深1 m)18.6 m。工程环境如图1所示。
待爆冷却塔高110 m,筒身采用标号300的混凝土浇筑而成,底部外径85.20 m,内径84.00 m,筒体壁厚0.16~0.70 m。支柱环高7.51 m,下部外径77.68 m,内径76.28 m,壁厚0.70 m,人字柱为圆形截面,直径0.60 m,共36对。冷却塔钢筋重371.34 t,混凝土方量为3432.64 m3,冷却塔总重约8953 t。
由于待爆破冷却塔周边需要保护的建筑物和设备较多,危险源等级高,周围环境极其复杂,且待爆冷却塔外观形状为双曲线型,高径比值仅为1.31,底部直径大、重心低,在爆破时要防止爆而不倒或解体不充分。考虑到工期紧张,为降低爆破对淮北电厂及周边社会的影响,本次爆破决定采用“开窗口、断钢筋、预留支撑板块”爆破方案,冷却塔倒塌方向确定为向北方向倾倒。
(1)冷却塔的预拆除
为了减少爆破钻孔数量,降低炸药总用量,同时保证冷却塔倒塌效果,在倾倒中心线中间向两侧开设9个减荷窗,如图2所示,在倾倒中心线上的辅助减荷窗切口高度7 m,宽度1.2 m,两侧高度分别为7 m、6 m、5 m、4 m,宽度为0.5 m。为了更有利塔体的定向倾倒,减少钻孔作业量,在爆破切口边沿开设2个对称的简化定向窗,定向窗的形状为一条斜缝,高度为1.5 m,宽度为0.5 m;机械拆除冷却塔内部的淋水平台、淋水平台的立柱等内部预制构件,在减荷窗及定向窗尖角处,用破碎锤对称开凿宽0.5 m切口,形成支柱环断点,同时将外部爬梯拆除至+10.0 m高,并割断避雷线。
(2)预处理后安全性校核
冷却塔总重为8953 t,在爆破切口处,切口角度为220°,承担的塔体重量为5471 t,减荷窗和定向窗总宽度1.2+8×0.5+2×0.5=6.2 m,预拆除后保留筒壁部分长263.76-6.2=248.56 m,爆破切口处的正压力为5471/(248.56×0.7)=31.4 t/m2=3.14 kg/cm2=0.314 MPa远小于标号300的混凝土抗压强度,因此预处理后,余留支撑体强度应足以支撑上部简体的重量,冷却塔切口处不会下坐。
采用正梯形切口,爆破切口应分为两部分组成,即爆破切口区和减荷窗切口区。切口高度取15.96 m,其中,人字柱高度7.51 m,支柱环高1.45 m。人字支柱共36对,取22对。对应圆心角为220°,爆破切口长度为145.8 m。
炮孔深度:L=(3/5~2/3)δδ为立柱直径)=0.36~0.40 m,取0.40 m,最小抵抗线:W=δ/2=0.30 m,炮孔间距:a=0.30 m,炸药单耗q=2.36 kg/m3,单孔装药量Q=200 g。共布置9排孔,顶部布4个孔,底部布5个孔,为保证爆破效果,人字柱下面3孔适当增加药量。
为了控制齐发最大装药量,降低爆破振动给周边带来的影响,采用分区分段的非电毫秒延期起爆技术。
由倾倒中心线开始,对称划分5个区域,分别采用MS1、MS3、MS5导爆管雷管装药,1区6个(孔外采用MS1簇并连)、2区8个(孔外采用MS3簇并联)、3区7个(孔外采用MS5簇并联)。冷却塔孔内采用MS18雷管(下面5个孔内双发,上面3个孔内单发)。见图3
(1)对路面以下的深井水管,在其周围的地面上先铺设一层厚度为20 mm的钢板,再铺设高2 m缓冲土层进行双重防护,以减缓塔体塌落对地下深井水管的冲击作用。见图4
(2)对于立柱的爆破部位,采用2层土工格栅、10层密目安全网对立柱实施覆盖包裹,同时采用2层6针防晒网对爆破切口进行悬挂防护[12-14]。如图5
(3)为了减少噪音的传播,在炮孔设计上采用多钻孔、少装药和延期起爆技术,减少单段最大药量;同时,采取孔口严密填塞、加强防护、控制单响起爆药量,使爆破噪音达到安全要求。
(4)为尽量减少爆破拆除产生的灰尘,爆破前对爆破区域的地面灰尘进行清扫,对爆破防护部位进行撒水处理,爆破后利用洒水车进行喷水。
通过分析爆破过程的录像,起爆4s后冷却塔切口闭合,6 s时塔体开始变形,出现轻微扭曲并向前倾倒,8 s时塔体充分扭转撕裂,整个爆破倾倒过程持续11 s,爆后冷却塔塔体大体摔碎成扁平或碎块,未爆人字立柱全部被拉到折断。通过现场测量,在倒塌中心线上爆后冷却塔前倾距离为30 m,爆堆高度为3.5 m,爆堆较小,没有出现后座现象,解体充分,未对周围建筑物和设备造成影响,爆破效果十分理想。见图6图7
(1)冷却塔的预处理的过程中,通过对冷却塔爆破缺口进行优化设计,在爆破切口边沿开设2个简化的定向窗窗口,不仅减少了钻孔及相关工作量,降低了安全隐患和防护难度,而且提高了预处理部分的结构稳定性,防止爆破切口处下坐。
(2)通过对定向窗的简化设计,使得冷却塔在倾倒过程中发生扭曲充分解体,爆堆较为集中,触地振动较小。
(3)冷却塔采用孔内、孔外延时起爆技术,设置5个起爆区域对爆破切口进行起爆,每个区又分段装药,这样使同时爆炸的各段药量相对分散,因此减少了单响起爆药量,降低爆破振动给周边带来的影响。
  • 湖北省自科基金重点项目(创新群体2020CFA043)
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.018
  • 接收时间:2022-10-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-04
基金
Key Project of Hubei Natural Science Fund(创新群体2020CFA043)
湖北省自科基金重点项目(创新群体2020CFA043)
Hubei Provincial Key R&D Plan Project(2020BCA084)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
作者信息
    1a.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430081
    1b.武汉科技大学 理学院,武汉 430081
    2.江汉大学 精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
    3.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056

通讯作者:

陈德志(1970-),男,博士、正高级工程师,主要从事爆破工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.018
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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