Article(id=1241687542668521501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.031, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1680364800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970979611, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970979611, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970979611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970979611, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=225, endPage=228, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687542974705699, articleId=1241687542668521501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Shock Response of Ship Hull Girder Subjected to Underwater Explosion, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The shock load of underwater explosion usually includes shock wave load and bubble pulsation load. The structural damage caused by shock wave and bubble load is always a hot topic in ship design. It is generally believed that the impact of shock wave load on the structure is mainly local damage, while the impact of bubble pulsation load on the structure is mainly global damage. The actual damage process of underwater explosion load is often the result of the joint action of the two kinds of loads. However, it is difficult to quantify the contribution of the two kinds of elements to ship damage. In order to study the damage effects of two kinds of loads on ships, a variable section box girder was used to simulate the surface ship structure, and its response process under the impact of underwater explosion was experimentally studied. Both the influence of distance on shock wave and the conditions for utilizing bubble energy were considered in the design of the experiment. The results show that plastic hinge was formed in the box beam structure near water surface under the action of near-field explosion load, and the energy transferred by explosion load to the beam structure was mainly converted into the deformation energy of the plastic hinge. In addition, the dynamic strain response of the structure gradually decreased from the middle to the end of the box beam, and the residual plastic deformation mainly occurred near the middle of the structure. The continuous large opening mode on the upper surface of the box beam resulted in larger plastic deformation of the deck side plate and the upper part than that at the bottom of the hull.

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水下爆炸冲击载荷通常包括冲击波载荷和气泡脉动载荷,冲击波和气泡载荷联合作用的结构整体损伤问题一直是舰船设计领域研究的热点。通常认为冲击波载荷对结构影响以局部损伤为主,而气泡脉动载荷对结构影响以整体损伤为主。水下爆炸载荷实际毁伤舰船的过程往往是两种载荷共同作用的结果,很难量化两种毁伤元素对舰船的毁伤贡献。为了研究两种载荷对舰船的毁伤效应,采用变截面箱型梁模拟水面舰船结构,对其在水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下的响应过程进行试验研究。实验工况设计既考虑了距离对冲击波作用影响,也考虑了最大化气泡能作用的条件。结果表明受近场爆炸载荷作用,近水面箱型梁结构形成塑性铰,导致爆炸载荷传递到梁结构的能量主要转化为塑性铰的变形能。结构的动态应变响应从箱型梁中部到端部逐渐减小,且残余塑性变形主要发生在结构中部附近,箱型梁上表面采用的具有连续性大开口模式导致甲板边板及上部塑性变形较船体底部大。本文研究成果可对开展舰船设计提供一定的借鉴意义。

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沈晓乐(1985-),男,硕士、工程师,爆炸冲击测试,(E-mail)

SHEN Xiao-le (1985-), male, master degree, engineer, mainly engaged in explosion impact test, (E-mail) .

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沈晓乐(1985-),男,硕士、工程师,爆炸冲击测试,(E-mail)

SHEN Xiao-le (1985-), male, master degree, engineer, mainly engaged in explosion impact test, (E-mail) .

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沈晓乐(1985-),男,硕士、工程师,爆炸冲击测试,(E-mail)

SHEN Xiao-le (1985-), male, master degree, engineer, mainly engaged in explosion impact test, (E-mail) .

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Review of near-field underwater explosion load and ship structure dynamic response[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2019, 41(6): 1-8. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Whipping response analysis of slender stiffened cylindrical shell subjected to under water explosion with bubble pulse, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687554739728880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687542668521501, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=365, pageEnd=368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=沈晓乐, 宋敬利, 李琛, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈晓乐, 宋敬利, 李琛. 水下爆炸载荷作用下加肋圆柱壳应变响应研究[J]. 爆破, 2016, 33(4): 365-368., articleTitle=水下爆炸载荷作用下加肋圆柱壳应变响应研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687554844586489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687542668521501, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=365, pageEnd=368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=SHEN Xiao-le, SONG Jing-li, LI Chen, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN Xiao-le, SONG Jing-li, LI Chen. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Experimental study on stiffened cylindrical shell response to underwater explosion loading, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687554924278275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687542668521501, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=691, pageEnd=700, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=刘云龙, 汪玉, 张阿漫, journalName=爆炸与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘云龙, 汪玉, 张阿漫. 基于二阶双渐近法的双层圆柱壳在水下爆炸作用下的鞭状运动[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2014, 34(6): 691-700., articleTitle=基于二阶双渐近法的双层圆柱壳在水下爆炸作用下的鞭状运动, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687555037524492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687542668521501, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=691, pageEnd=700, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=LIU Yun-long, WANG Yu, ZHANG A-man, journalName=Explosion and Shock Waves, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yun-long, WANG Yu, ZHANG A-man. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687542668521501, language=CN, label=图7, caption=底部瞬时响应沿长度方向变化曲线, figureFileSmall=JwDJW7gkOODDdqMrEiinCA==, figureFileBig=THRKox0weMn3Zk2WwJHnSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241687552684519863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687542668521501, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The response of measuring points

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测点编号最大瞬时应变/με残余塑性应变/με测点编号最大瞬时应变/με残余塑性应变/με
1#2697#41281902
2#6748#14 1002977
3#9579#21 6394623
4#247312310#4995397
5#5138279511#57318
6#216797   
), ArticleFig(id=1241687552818737600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687542668521501, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各测点响应情况统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点编号最大瞬时应变/με残余塑性应变/με测点编号最大瞬时应变/με残余塑性应变/με
1#2697#41281902
2#6748#14 1002977
3#9579#21 6394623
4#247312310#4995397
5#5138279511#57318
6#216797   
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水下爆炸载荷作用下箱型梁冲击响应研究
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沈晓乐 1 , 王伟 2
爆破 | 安全与管理 2023,40(3): 225-228
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023, 40(3): 225-228
水下爆炸载荷作用下箱型梁冲击响应研究
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沈晓乐1 , 王伟2
作者信息
  • 1.中国人民解放军91439部队,大连 116041
  • 2.中国人民解放军91251部队,上海 200940
  • 沈晓乐(1985-),男,硕士、工程师,爆炸冲击测试,(E-mail)

    SHEN Xiao-le (1985-), male, master degree, engineer, mainly engaged in explosion impact test, (E-mail) .

Study on Shock Response of Ship Hull Girder Subjected to Underwater Explosion
Xiao-le SHEN1 , Wei WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Unit 91439 of PLA, Dalian116041, China
  • 2.Unit 91251 of PLA, Shanghai 200940, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.031
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水下爆炸冲击载荷通常包括冲击波载荷和气泡脉动载荷,冲击波和气泡载荷联合作用的结构整体损伤问题一直是舰船设计领域研究的热点。通常认为冲击波载荷对结构影响以局部损伤为主,而气泡脉动载荷对结构影响以整体损伤为主。水下爆炸载荷实际毁伤舰船的过程往往是两种载荷共同作用的结果,很难量化两种毁伤元素对舰船的毁伤贡献。为了研究两种载荷对舰船的毁伤效应,采用变截面箱型梁模拟水面舰船结构,对其在水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下的响应过程进行试验研究。实验工况设计既考虑了距离对冲击波作用影响,也考虑了最大化气泡能作用的条件。结果表明受近场爆炸载荷作用,近水面箱型梁结构形成塑性铰,导致爆炸载荷传递到梁结构的能量主要转化为塑性铰的变形能。结构的动态应变响应从箱型梁中部到端部逐渐减小,且残余塑性变形主要发生在结构中部附近,箱型梁上表面采用的具有连续性大开口模式导致甲板边板及上部塑性变形较船体底部大。本文研究成果可对开展舰船设计提供一定的借鉴意义。

水下爆炸  /  应变响应  /  箱型梁

The shock load of underwater explosion usually includes shock wave load and bubble pulsation load. The structural damage caused by shock wave and bubble load is always a hot topic in ship design. It is generally believed that the impact of shock wave load on the structure is mainly local damage, while the impact of bubble pulsation load on the structure is mainly global damage. The actual damage process of underwater explosion load is often the result of the joint action of the two kinds of loads. However, it is difficult to quantify the contribution of the two kinds of elements to ship damage. In order to study the damage effects of two kinds of loads on ships, a variable section box girder was used to simulate the surface ship structure, and its response process under the impact of underwater explosion was experimentally studied. Both the influence of distance on shock wave and the conditions for utilizing bubble energy were considered in the design of the experiment. The results show that plastic hinge was formed in the box beam structure near water surface under the action of near-field explosion load, and the energy transferred by explosion load to the beam structure was mainly converted into the deformation energy of the plastic hinge. In addition, the dynamic strain response of the structure gradually decreased from the middle to the end of the box beam, and the residual plastic deformation mainly occurred near the middle of the structure. The continuous large opening mode on the upper surface of the box beam resulted in larger plastic deformation of the deck side plate and the upper part than that at the bottom of the hull.

underwater explosion  /  strain response  /  ship hull girder
沈晓乐, 王伟. 水下爆炸载荷作用下箱型梁冲击响应研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 225 -228 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.031
Xiao-le SHEN, Wei WANG. Study on Shock Response of Ship Hull Girder Subjected to Underwater Explosion[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 225 -228 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.031
舰船在水下爆炸冲击作用下的动态响应一直是舰船设计领域研究的热点问题,特别是涉及到冲击波和气泡载荷联合作用下的整体损伤问题。开展实船试验是解决这个问题的最直接的方法,但考虑到实船试验的费效比,研究人员往往通过几何缩比模型的实验结果来验证理论及仿真方法的合理性。孙远翔等通过研究爆炸载荷及舰船结构动态响应后指出[1],在涉及水下爆炸动态响应的强非线性问题时求解多用平板等简单理论推导,利用能量法避免直接利用力与变形的关系进行积分的复杂过程,不能够反映结构动态响应的详细过程;理论分析多为自由场或简单边界条件,水面水底和壁面等多边界耦合作用个过程较少涉及。董海等提出舰艇结构在水下爆炸冲击作用下的损伤响应涉及多学科交叉的复杂问题[2-4],无法简单用数学方程求解时,采用量纲分析往往能暴露和揭示问题的物理本质。李海涛等依据球面波理论提出船体梁的相似条件[5-7],不考虑应变率强化条件、模型几何相似、材料相同、装药尺寸和爆距满足几何相似关系,船体梁缩比模型与实际舰船发生整体运动响应具有相似性。为了研究舰船结构在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的响应过程及规律,本文采用箱型梁结构模型模拟水面舰艇结构,对其整体运动应变响应和局部的变形情况进行试验研究,获取船体梁在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的毁伤机理。
按照目标舰船结构的主尺度,采用1∶25的缩比尺度进行模型设计,按照结构相似频率相近原则设计变截面箱型梁模型。模型长6.7 m,宽0.8 m,深0.4 m,模型湿模态一阶弯曲固有频率在10~20 Hz范围内,壳板厚度5 mm。模型横向设置多道横舱壁,来模拟舰船的水密隔舱,同时增加结构的抗扭刚度。整个模型采用Q235钢建造,模型结构如图1所示。
水下爆炸条件下作用到结构上的载荷主要包括冲击波和气泡载荷。对于TNT装药,其峰值压力Pm、时间衰减常数θ、气泡半径Rm、气泡脉动周期T可以通过公式(1)~(4)进行计算[8]。本次试验选用的爆源为250 g TNT球形装药,为了模拟结构受近场爆炸冲击的情况,综合考虑模型吃水等因素,将爆源布放在模型正下方0.8 m,入水深度1 m。
式中:W为炸药重量,kg;R为测点爆距,m;h炸药距水面距离,m;常数kαKT为与炸药有关的常数,通常通过试验测定。就本文的试验工况来说,模型底部中心点承受的理论上冲击波压力、正压作用时间分别为40 MPa、0.467 ms,爆炸引起的气泡半径和脉动周期分别为0.98 m和0.172 s。
模型共设置11个应变测点,其中测点1~7沿船底部中线布置,获取船体底部的结构应变响应;测点8、9布置在船中上表面大开口处,测点10、11位于测点3、1对应的舷侧上表面,记录舷侧附近结构的动态响应,测点与爆源布置如图2所示。
试验采集系统采用National Instruments硬件设备,系统误差±5%,电阻应变计采用共和动态电阻应变计,测量电桥采用1/4桥,采样频率为20 kHz,动态测量范围0~100 000 με。试验数据采集的情况如下:电阻应变计获取结构应变响应→电缆传输信号→NISCXI-1314T前端桥盒→NISCXI-1520应变输入模块→NIPXI-6143采集模块→控制计算机。
为了深入理解结构的冲击响应与结构湿模态的关系,在进行实爆试验前对模型进行了锤击试验,确定模型湿模态一阶弯曲固有频率。图3为模型入水后的锤击响应曲线,分析获得结构的一阶振型频率为16.91 Hz。
在设计的试验工况下,获取了测点1~11应变响应,其中图4图5为典型位置测点的响应过程曲线,表1列出了各测点瞬时应变响应的最大值和最终的残余塑性应变。
爆炸载荷作用到结构上会引起结构的局部振动和整体的运动响应,结构局部的响应情况也反映爆炸载荷作用后结构的运动情况。从图6测点9的应变响应曲线分析,结构在冲击波作用的早期就产生了屈服。因此从试验数据反映出的结构响应的过程应该是爆炸冲击波载荷传递到模型上,首先引起结构的冲击响应,并且达到了结构的屈服极限,形成塑性铰,随着爆轰产物和水介质的膨胀,模型快速向上隆起,产生中拱弯曲。从图6中可以看出应变发展的过程中出现了与正向应变幅值相当的负向最大值;可以理解为在中拱弯曲后又产生了反向的弯曲过程,也就是中垂弯曲。这是因为随着气泡膨胀达到最大值后开始收缩,模型在重力作用下随着水介质的收缩开始反向运动,塑性铰也逐步开始反向屈曲,达到最终的塑性形态。根据经验公式计算的气泡脉动载荷发生在入射冲击波到达后的0.172 s,从实测曲线上并没有观察到气泡脉动载荷在结构上产生二次冲击响应,分析原因可能是由于爆源深度较浅且模型的存在改变了流场的运动过程,爆炸气泡直接以水射流的形式直接作用到结构面上,与冲击波直接作用的响应过程产生了耦合作用,最终没有形成规则的脉动现象。通过模型的响应过程分析,试验模型受装药气泡半径范围内爆炸载荷作用在冲击波作用阶段形成塑性铰,水下爆炸载荷传递到梁结构的能量主要转化塑性铰的变形能。
水下爆炸作用过程中冲击波首先到达模型下表面,随着时间的推移球面波逐步向模型的首尾传播,同时冲击波在结构内部形成的应力波也在模型内传播。结构的应变响应反映的是直达冲击波和结构应力波共同作用的情况。图7为测点1~5的瞬时最大响应变化曲线,从船舯到端部结构的瞬时最大应变逐渐减小,瞬时应变由测点5最大值5138 με降低到端部测点1最小值269 με;残余塑性应变发生在船中部,最大塑性应变由船中的2795 με快速衰减到123 με。塑性变形影响区的范围集中在模型中部附近,模型的端部不存在塑性变形。
表1中列出了各测点瞬时应变响应的最大值和最终的残余塑性应变,结果表明模型中部为瞬时冲击响应和塑性残余变形最大的区域,模型上表面9#测点的瞬时响应和残余应变分别达到21639 με和4623 με,其瞬时应力分别达到4540 MPa和971 MPa;下表面测点5#的瞬时应变响应和残余应变也达到了5138 με和2795 με;从材料的力学性能来讲,在上述应变条件下结构的瞬时应力已经达到了静态屈服强度的2~20倍,即使考虑材料的应变强化效应也已经远超材料的屈服强度。反映到结构上就表现为局部的屈曲和整体大变形。另外上表测点无论是瞬时应变还是最终塑性应变都较下表大,原因在于模型上部采用了大开口的结构形式,结构的连续性不如底部,导致上表面强度较底部弱,因此在爆炸冲击过程中动态应变较大。
通过试验得出以下结论:
(1)箱型梁受近场爆炸载荷作用,结构在冲击作用的早期就在船中形成塑性铰,水下爆炸载荷传递到梁结构的能量主要转化塑性铰的变形能。
(2)从结构的动态响应来看,从船中到首位的瞬时响应逐渐减小、相同测点船长方向的瞬时变形较船宽方向小,残余塑性变形主要发生在船中附近。
(3)由于箱型梁采用了大开口模式,结构的连续性不如底部,甲板边板及上部的塑性变形较船体底部大。
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.031
  • 接收时间:2023-04-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-02
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    1.中国人民解放军91439部队,大连 116041
    2.中国人民解放军91251部队,上海 200940
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
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