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According to continuous blasting vibration monitoring results carried out on three monitoring points (bottom, middle, and top) at different vertical positions at the same horizontal distance from an underwater blasting project in a channel adjacent to high-rise buildings, the three-dimensional spatial patterns of blast vibration velocity, vibration frequency, and vibration energy were analyzed, and the elevation effect mechanism of blasting vibrations on high-rise buildings was explored. The analysis results show that: (1) Blasting vibration velocity is influenced by the combined action of the elliptical motion of Rayleigh wave, energy attenuation, and whiplash effect. It presents a significant three-dimensional spatial effect in the propagation among high-rise buildings, in which the vertical direction is dominated by Rayleigh wave elliptical motion and whiplash effect, showing a significant elevation amplification effect, while the horizontal and tangential directions are dominated by Rayleigh wave elliptical motion and energy attenuation, exhibiting an elevation attenuation effect. (2) The propagation of blasting vibration frequency in high-rise building is mainly affected by the vertical distance from the wall, showing an elevation attenuation effect in all three directions. (3) The distribution of vertical blasting vibration energy presents a significant elevation amplification effect from the bottom, middle to the top of the building. Specifically, the high-frequency energy proportion shows an elevation attenuation effect in the middle and top relative to the bottom, while the low-frequency energy proportion exhibits an elevation amplification effect in the middle and top relative to the bottom.

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根据某航道水下钻孔爆破工程邻近高层建筑同一水平距离、不同竖向位置处底部、中部和顶部三个三向监测点开展的连续爆破振动监测结果,分析爆破振动速度、振动频率和振动能量高程效应三维空间规律,探究高层建筑爆破振动高程效应机理。分析结果表明:①爆破振动速度受“面波椭圆运动”、“能量衰减”和“鞭梢效应”共同作用,在高层建筑中的传播呈现出明显的三维空间效应,垂直向Z“面波椭圆运动”和“鞭梢效应”作用占主导,表现为明显的高程放大效应,而水平向X、切向Y“面波椭圆运动”和“能量衰减”作用占主导,表现为高程衰减效应;②爆破振动频率在高程建筑中的传播主要受墙体垂直距离影响,在水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z三个方向均表现为高程衰减效应;③垂直向Z爆破振动能量分布从建筑底部、中部至顶部呈现明显的逐步高程放大效应,高频能量比例中部、顶部相对底部表现为高程衰减效应,低频能量比例中部、顶部相对底部表现为高程放大效应,而中部和顶部各频带能量比例高程效应不明显。研究结论对高层建筑的爆破振动控制具有借鉴意义。

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廖德华(1970-),男,高级工程师,主要从事水运工程试验检测评估方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

LIAO De-hua (1970-), male, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the research work on the evaluation of water transportation engineering test and inspection, (E-mail) .

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廖德华(1970-),男,高级工程师,主要从事水运工程试验检测评估方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

LIAO De-hua (1970-), male, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the research work on the evaluation of water transportation engineering test and inspection, (E-mail) .

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廖德华(1970-),男,高级工程师,主要从事水运工程试验检测评估方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

LIAO De-hua (1970-), male, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the research work on the evaluation of water transportation engineering test and inspection, (E-mail) .

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Analysis and calculation results of energy distribution characteristics of each measuring point in the vertical direction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点位置频带/Hz0~10 Hz10~40 Hz40 Hz以上总能量
顶部能量比例0.06940.79090.13972.6458
能量0.18362.09260.3696
中部能量比例0.08290.80630.11081.4669
能量0.12161.18280.1625
底部能量比例0.04890.60680.34431.0043
能量0.04910.60940.3458
), ArticleFig(id=1241687551036150052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541699629758, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各测点垂直向Z各频带能量分布特征分析计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点位置频带/Hz0~10 Hz10~40 Hz40 Hz以上总能量
顶部能量比例0.06940.79090.13972.6458
能量0.18362.09260.3696
中部能量比例0.08290.80630.11081.4669
能量0.12161.18280.1625
底部能量比例0.04890.60680.34431.0043
能量0.04910.60940.3458
), ArticleFig(id=1241687551203922219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541699629758, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Blasting vibration velocity in horizontal X, tangential Y and vertical Z directions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试次数水平向X切向Y垂直向Z
振动速度/(cm·s-1比值顶部/底部振动速度/(cm·s-1比值顶部/底部振动速度/(cm·s-1比值顶部/底部
底部中部顶部底部中部顶部底部中部顶部
30.100.100.111.10.100.080.050.50.110.160.201.8
40.120.090.070.60.040.050.051.30.130.230.272.1
50.080.070.060.80.040.040.041.00.080.140.212.6
60.060.050.040.70.040.030.030.80.070.100.142.0
70.090.090.060.70.080.050.040.50.090.140.252.8
80.080.050.040.50.060.050.040.70.090.170.202.2
90.100.060.050.50.080.070.030.40.100.150.181.8
100.080.070.070.90.050.050.051.00.090.170.283.1
110.070.040.020.30.040.030.020.50.070.090.091.3
120.050.040.040.80.040.040.030.80.060.080.122.0
130.110.100.100.90.110.070.050.50.120.250.282.3
140.170.130.100.60.080.060.050.60.100.170.272.7
150.050.040.030.60.030.030.031.00.050.080.132.6
平均值0.70.82.1
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水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z爆破振动速度监测成果汇总表

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测试次数水平向X切向Y垂直向Z
振动速度/(cm·s-1比值顶部/底部振动速度/(cm·s-1比值顶部/底部振动速度/(cm·s-1比值顶部/底部
底部中部顶部底部中部顶部底部中部顶部
30.100.100.111.10.100.080.050.50.110.160.201.8
40.120.090.070.60.040.050.051.30.130.230.272.1
50.080.070.060.80.040.040.041.00.080.140.212.6
60.060.050.040.70.040.030.030.80.070.100.142.0
70.090.090.060.70.080.050.040.50.090.140.252.8
80.080.050.040.50.060.050.040.70.090.170.202.2
90.100.060.050.50.080.070.030.40.100.150.181.8
100.080.070.070.90.050.050.051.00.090.170.283.1
110.070.040.020.30.040.030.020.50.070.090.091.3
120.050.040.040.80.040.040.030.80.060.080.122.0
130.110.100.100.90.110.070.050.50.120.250.282.3
140.170.130.100.60.080.060.050.60.100.170.272.7
150.050.040.030.60.030.030.031.00.050.080.132.6
平均值0.70.82.1
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Blasting vibration frequency spectra in horizontal X, tangential Y and vertical Z directions

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测试次数水平X方向水平Y方向垂直Z方向
振动频率/Hz比值顶部/底部振动频率/Hz比值顶部/底部振动频率/Hz比值顶部/底部
底部中部顶部底部中部顶部底部中部顶部
130.526.624.20.824.419.717.00.728.927.724.90.9
235.123.920.80.631.528.120.50.739.231.725.50.7
329.619.118.30.632.825.920.50.629.227.524.10.8
426.526.423.50.929.420.113.00.426.325.220.50.8
528.427.126.50.829.922.120.10.730.826.023.40.8
631.531.126.50.833.929.219.20.641.229.326.50.6
731.830.623.80.734.526.715.40.427.226.124.90.9
836.728.519.00.537.725.715.30.444.431.528.80.6
923.722.621.40.926.320.618.50.719.619.419.21.0
1024.422.319.50.831.321.617.00.531.824.321.30.7
1122.217.415.70.734.231.918.90.616.016.718.41.2
1232.530.418.00.631.020.218.60.639.233.229.00.7
1332.324.822.20.729.625.921.70.731.327.119.90.6
1429.228.124.70.829.023.619.50.718.921.626.51.4
1529.924.920.20.724.020.117.70.747.134.429.90.6
平均值0.70.60.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241687551606575429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541699629758, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z爆破振动频率监测成果汇总表

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测试次数水平X方向水平Y方向垂直Z方向
振动频率/Hz比值顶部/底部振动频率/Hz比值顶部/底部振动频率/Hz比值顶部/底部
底部中部顶部底部中部顶部底部中部顶部
130.526.624.20.824.419.717.00.728.927.724.90.9
235.123.920.80.631.528.120.50.739.231.725.50.7
329.619.118.30.632.825.920.50.629.227.524.10.8
426.526.423.50.929.420.113.00.426.325.220.50.8
528.427.126.50.829.922.120.10.730.826.023.40.8
631.531.126.50.833.929.219.20.641.229.326.50.6
731.830.623.80.734.526.715.40.427.226.124.90.9
836.728.519.00.537.725.715.30.444.431.528.80.6
923.722.621.40.926.320.618.50.719.619.419.21.0
1024.422.319.50.831.321.617.00.531.824.321.30.7
1122.217.415.70.734.231.918.90.616.016.718.41.2
1232.530.418.00.631.020.218.60.639.233.229.00.7
1332.324.822.20.729.625.921.70.731.327.119.90.6
1429.228.124.70.829.023.619.50.718.921.626.51.4
1529.924.920.20.724.020.117.70.747.134.429.90.6
平均值0.70.60.8
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航道疏浚临河高层建筑爆破振动高程效应分析
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廖德华 , 张建球 , 扈世龙 , 唐梦君
爆破 | 安全与管理 2023,40(3): 170-176
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023, 40(3): 170-176
航道疏浚临河高层建筑爆破振动高程效应分析
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廖德华 , 张建球, 扈世龙, 唐梦君
作者信息
  • 广西交科集团有限公司,南宁 530007
  • 廖德华(1970-),男,高级工程师,主要从事水运工程试验检测评估方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

    LIAO De-hua (1970-), male, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the research work on the evaluation of water transportation engineering test and inspection, (E-mail) .

Analysis of Elevation Effect of Blasting Vibration on High-rise Buildings near River in Channel Dredging
De-hua LIAO , Jian-qiu ZHANG, Shi-long HU, Meng-jun TANG
Affiliations
  • Guangxi Transportation Science and Technology Group Co, Ltd, Nanning 530007, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.023
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根据某航道水下钻孔爆破工程邻近高层建筑同一水平距离、不同竖向位置处底部、中部和顶部三个三向监测点开展的连续爆破振动监测结果,分析爆破振动速度、振动频率和振动能量高程效应三维空间规律,探究高层建筑爆破振动高程效应机理。分析结果表明:①爆破振动速度受“面波椭圆运动”、“能量衰减”和“鞭梢效应”共同作用,在高层建筑中的传播呈现出明显的三维空间效应,垂直向Z“面波椭圆运动”和“鞭梢效应”作用占主导,表现为明显的高程放大效应,而水平向X、切向Y“面波椭圆运动”和“能量衰减”作用占主导,表现为高程衰减效应;②爆破振动频率在高程建筑中的传播主要受墙体垂直距离影响,在水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z三个方向均表现为高程衰减效应;③垂直向Z爆破振动能量分布从建筑底部、中部至顶部呈现明显的逐步高程放大效应,高频能量比例中部、顶部相对底部表现为高程衰减效应,低频能量比例中部、顶部相对底部表现为高程放大效应,而中部和顶部各频带能量比例高程效应不明显。研究结论对高层建筑的爆破振动控制具有借鉴意义。

航道整治  /  高程效应  /  振动速度  /  振动频率  /  振动能量  /  爆破振动监测

According to continuous blasting vibration monitoring results carried out on three monitoring points (bottom, middle, and top) at different vertical positions at the same horizontal distance from an underwater blasting project in a channel adjacent to high-rise buildings, the three-dimensional spatial patterns of blast vibration velocity, vibration frequency, and vibration energy were analyzed, and the elevation effect mechanism of blasting vibrations on high-rise buildings was explored. The analysis results show that: (1) Blasting vibration velocity is influenced by the combined action of the elliptical motion of Rayleigh wave, energy attenuation, and whiplash effect. It presents a significant three-dimensional spatial effect in the propagation among high-rise buildings, in which the vertical direction is dominated by Rayleigh wave elliptical motion and whiplash effect, showing a significant elevation amplification effect, while the horizontal and tangential directions are dominated by Rayleigh wave elliptical motion and energy attenuation, exhibiting an elevation attenuation effect. (2) The propagation of blasting vibration frequency in high-rise building is mainly affected by the vertical distance from the wall, showing an elevation attenuation effect in all three directions. (3) The distribution of vertical blasting vibration energy presents a significant elevation amplification effect from the bottom, middle to the top of the building. Specifically, the high-frequency energy proportion shows an elevation attenuation effect in the middle and top relative to the bottom, while the low-frequency energy proportion exhibits an elevation amplification effect in the middle and top relative to the bottom.

waterway improvement  /  elevation effect  /  vibration velocity  /  vibration frequency  /  vibration energy  /  blasting vibration monitoring
廖德华, 张建球, 扈世龙, 唐梦君. 航道疏浚临河高层建筑爆破振动高程效应分析. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.023
De-hua LIAO, Jian-qiu ZHANG, Shi-long HU, Meng-jun TANG. Analysis of Elevation Effect of Blasting Vibration on High-rise Buildings near River in Channel Dredging[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.023
工程爆破能显著提高工程建设的技术和经济效益,在基础设施建设领域发挥着重要作用。但是由于爆破理论欠成熟、爆破环境复杂和爆破控制不合理等现实问题,爆破振动对周边环境造成破坏的案例屡见不鲜,其中保护对象遭受破坏往往呈现出明显的爆破振动高程效应而受到大家的关注。其中高层建筑在震动波的作用下主体结构或顶部突出物更易受到破坏是由于“鞭梢效应”的观点已形成共识[1-3],但是针对爆破震动波在高层建筑体内具体的传播规律相关研究稍显不足。此外,相关研究人员在针对其他保护对象爆破振动高程效应的研究中发现了诸多不同寻常的传播规律,可能会为更深入分析高层建筑爆破振动高程效应机理提供切入点。蒋楠等对岩质边坡爆破振动速度的高程效应进行了研究[4],发现水平距离不变情况下,高程差增大对振动速度的放大效果明显,并以垂直方向的放大为主;但随着水平距离和高程差同时增大,振动速度以衰减为主,放大效果不明显。付波等对岩石高边坡的爆破振动局部高程效应进行了分析[5],发现高程放大效应在马道外缘的局部小范围内才表现明显,而靠内侧的其他位置表现不明显,并建议在实际的爆破振动监测中采取马道内侧点作为监测位置更科学。陈明等研究发现岩质边坡爆破振动速度高程放大效应在一定条件下才成立[6],当边坡坡形骤变或坡度增大时,产生了显著的高程放大效应;而坡形相近时,不出现高程放大效应,同时在“鞭梢效应”的影响下,边坡台阶边缘虽然有明显的放大效应,但是其应力、应变却较小,故边缘的振动速度不宜用作评价边坡稳定性。余敏等对岩质深基坑的高程放大效应进行了研究[7],发现基坑顶部边缘位置在一定高差范围内,爆破振动速度和主频逐渐增大,而超出一定范围后反而逐渐衰减;基坑顶部中间位置无高程放大效应。张小军[8]、黄锡琴对台阶爆破的高程效应进行了系统的研究[9],发现正台阶测点高程效应随着台阶高度增加呈现出先增加后减小的复杂趋势,随着台阶倾角的增大,高程放大效应也存在先升高后降低的趋势;随着炸药量的增加,高程效应明显。李新平通过对大型地下洞室的高边墙爆破高程效应进行研究[10],发现高程放大效果与边墙的高度、距离爆源的距离并非简单的线性关系,距离炮源较近时,放大作用随高差增大先增后减,距离大一些时,放大作用随高差增大而增大,距离足够远,影响不明显。
高层建筑受爆破振动高程有害效应的影响更易受到大家的关注,其是否也存在类似高边坡、深基坑、台阶爆破振动复杂的高程效应,应当引起足够的重视。为此,本文选取某航道水下钻孔爆破工程邻近某高层建筑,根据水平距离相等、垂直距离不等的原则在建筑物底部、中部和顶部分别布置三个三向监测点开展连续测试,分析爆破振动速度、振动频率和振动能量随高层建筑高程增加的立体传播规律,并结合现有研究成果,探究高层建筑物爆破振动的高程效应机理。
某航道水下钻孔爆破工程施工区域南岸临河分布有密集的居民区,包括部分层数超过10层的高层建筑,其中临河最近的高层1、高层2和高层3距爆破区域距离最近分别为256 m、244 m和190 m(见图1),本文研究选取高层1连续开展的15组爆破振动监测数据进行分析。工程采用水下钻爆船分层爆破、控制爆破的施工方法,控制单孔的装药量,限制一次起爆总药量。爆破钻孔钻头直径100 mm,采取“矩”形布孔方式,孔距为2 m×2 m,钻孔深度2~4.5 m,单位耗药量1.4 kg/m3,最大单段药量16.0~20.8 kg。炸礁区碍航礁石主要为强风化砂岩、中风化砂岩、中风化花岗岩、全风化砂岩和全风化花岗岩等。
爆破振动测试系统采用成都中科测控生产的TC-4850振动测试仪,该仪器具有抗震动、抗电磁干扰、高灵敏度、高可靠性等特点,集自带电源、自动触发、自动采集等优点于一体,适合各种野外的复杂环境振动波测试,配套软件Blasting vibration analysis具有计算、分析、绘图等功能。仪器速度量程为0~35 cm/s,设置电平值(触发阀值)为0.02 cm/s,触发后单次采样时长为2 s。
根据爆破振动监测技术规范要求[11],为反映爆破振动对高层建筑的影响,在高层1建筑物底部、中部和顶部各布置一台测振仪,编号分别为测点A、测点B和测点C,测点A和测点B的高程差约为27 m,测点B和测点C的高程差约为28 m,距离爆破点的水平距离三者相等,即底部、中部和顶部测点位于同一水平、不同高程。测点和爆破点的位置示意见图2
为对比分析高层建筑顶部测点和底部测点爆破振动信号时程曲线和频带能量分布的特点,选取高层建筑同一组典型顶部、中部和底部监测振动信号进行分析,顶部、中部和底部测点时程曲线对比见图3;由于垂直向Z高程效应最明显,对应选取顶部、中部和底部测点垂直向Z爆破振动信号频带能量分布对比见图4
图3可知:水平向X和切向Y的振动幅度各时间点顶部、中部和底部测点相差不大,但是垂直向Z的振动幅度从底部、中部至顶部各测点逐渐增大,表现为明显的高程放大效应,底部、中部和顶部测点垂直向Z的最大振幅值分别为0.09 cm/s、0.17 cm/s和0.28 cm/s。
图4可知:各测点垂直Z向10~40 Hz频带为主振频带,主振频率底部约为32 Hz,中部约为24 Hz,底部约为21 Hz,从底部、中部至顶部整体表现为高程衰减效应。
基于功率谱对图4各测点垂直向Z频带能量分析进行爆破振动能量分析,该分析方法将整个频率域分为若干段,联立理论公式(1)~(3),计算求得整个爆破振动历程的总能量,以及各频率区段的能量比例和能量大小,从而达到定量分析爆破振动频率构成的目的,基于功率谱的爆破振动能量分析方法介绍详见文献[1213]。爆破振动的总能量计算可简化为
特定频带范围内能量占振动总能量的比例计算可以表示为
一定频带范围内的爆破振动能量值计算可以表示为
式中:vti)为离散的爆破振动速度采样序列;Δt为采样时间间隔;PEf表示频带范围内的能量比重。
图4垂直向Z爆破振动频率按照从低到高划分为如下3个区段:0~10 Hz;10~40 Hz;40 Hz以上,下表1为各频带能量分布特征分析的定量结果。从表中可以看出,从底部、中部至顶部,爆破振动总能量表现出明显的高程放大效应,中部相对底部放大了约1.5倍,顶部相对底部放大了约2.6倍;底部、中部和顶部的爆破振动能量均主要集中在10~40 Hz区段;0~40 Hz低频区底部测点能量比例要低于中部和顶部测点,而40 Hz以上高频区能量比例底部测点要高于中部、顶部测点,说明随着高程的增大表现出高频逐渐衰减的特征。而中部和顶部测点各频带的能量比例高程效应不明显。
为分析高层建筑爆破振动速度的高程效应,对高层1建筑底部、中部和顶部测振点(同一水平、不同高程)同时开展的15组连续监测振动速度成果进行综合分析,底部和顶部测点水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z爆破振动速度监测成果汇总见表2
表2可知:垂直向Z振动速度从底部、中部至顶部整体表现为明显的高程放大效应,顶部相比底部速度放大范围为1.0倍~3.1倍,平均放大2.1倍;与之相反,水平向X和切向Y振动速度从底部、中部至顶部整体表现为少许的高程衰减效应,其中水平向X和切向Y振动速度顶部与底部的平均比值分别为0.7和0.8,两者的衰减程度比较接近,且高程衰减效应要明显小于垂直向Z的高程放大效应。
为分析高层建筑物爆破振动频率的高程效应,对高层1建筑物底部、中部和顶部测振点(同一水平、不同高程)同时开展的15组连续监测振动频率成果进行综合分析,底部、中部和顶部测点水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z爆破振动频率监测成果汇总见表3
表3可知:水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z振动频率从底部、中部至顶部整体表现为少许的高程衰减效应,顶部与底部的平均比值水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z分别为0.7、0.6和0.8,垂直向Z振动频率的高程衰减程度不及水平向X和切向Y
本文讨论的高层建筑爆破振动高程效应主要是受面波的影响,研究表明面波对地表质点造成扰动形成的位移轨迹是椭圆,椭圆长半轴垂直于自由面(垂直向Z),短半轴与自由面平行(水平向X、切向Y),且在自由表面垂直方向位移(速度)约为水平方向位移(速度)的1.5倍[14](“面波椭圆运动”)。实际爆破地震波在传播过程中要克服介质内摩擦力和粘滞作用,从而造成波的能量(爆破振动速度)随爆源距离的增大而衰减,能量被吸收,表现为振动速度减小[15],按照此“能量衰减”规律,表2图3中高层建筑物顶部测点的振动速度应小于底部测点,而实测数据却表明除水平向X和切向Y振动速度顶部略小于底部外,垂直向Z振动速度顶部明显大于底部,这还与高程建筑振动的另一个重要特性息息相关,即“鞭梢效应”。因此,在“面波椭圆运动”、“能量衰减”和“鞭梢效应”多重因素共同作用下,高程建筑随高程的增大垂直向和水平向、切向振动速度的传播规律产生了差异,垂直向“面波椭圆运动”和“鞭梢效应”占主导,表现为明显的高程放大效应;而水平向和切向“面波椭圆运动”和“能量衰减”占主导,表现为高程衰减效应。爆破地震波频率成分含有高频和低频,随着波向远处传播,高频成分容易被介质吸收,而低频部分不易吸收,从而造成不同频率对应的衰减速度存在差异,表现为随着离炮源的距离逐渐增大,爆破振动的主振频率逐渐衰减,表3图4中高层建筑测点位置顶部距离炮源的距离大于底部,实测的主振频率从底部至顶部逐渐减小也证实了这一点。同时随着主振频率的衰减,与建筑物固有频率更加接近,从而加大了高层建筑顶部结构的振动。
(1)爆破振动速度受“面波椭圆运动”、“能量衰减”和“鞭梢效应”多重因素共同作用,在高层建筑中的传播呈现出明显的三维空间效应,垂直向Z“面波椭圆运动”和“鞭梢效应”作用占主导,表现为明显的高程放大效应,而水平向X、切向Y“面波椭圆运动”和“能量衰减”作用占主导,表现为高程衰减效应。
(2)爆破振动频率在高程建筑中的传播主要受墙体垂直距离影响,在水平向X、切向Y和垂直向Z三个方向均表现为少许的高程衰减效应。
(3)爆破振动能量分布垂直向Z从建筑底部、中部至顶部呈现明显的逐步高程放大效应,高频能量比例中部、顶部相对底部表现为高程衰减效应,低频能量比例中部、顶部相对底部表现为高程放大效应,而中部和顶部各频带能量比例高程效应不明显。
(4)高层建筑在爆破振动高程效应的影响下,爆破振动速度和振动能量逐渐放大,振动频率逐渐衰减,与建筑物固有频率更加接近,从而造成高层建筑越高位置受到爆破振动破坏的机率越大,实际爆破振动案例也证实了这一点,建议在实际爆破工程中对此现象应引起足够的重视。
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.023
  • 接收时间:2022-06-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-07
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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