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Article(id=1241687541632520883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.033, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1680364800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970979363, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970979363, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970979363, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970979363, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=236, endPage=242, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687541917733594, articleId=1241687541632520883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Design and Implementation of Analog Electronic Detonator for Teaching based on STC15 Microcontroller, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Electronic detonators are the main initiation method currently used in the field of explosives engineering. However, they cannot be used in classroom or experimental teaching due to their high risk and special control requirements. It is urgent to develop a safe, reliable and reusable simulation device. Based on the STC15 microcontroller technology, a kind of analog electronic detonator for teaching was designed and tested. The simulated electronic detonators can be manufactured by 3D printing technology an they have been successfully applied to detonator detection and detonation network simulation experiments. The analog electronic detonator is mainly composed of power circuits, detonator simulation circuits, and PCB boards. A pair of leads protruding from one end of the detonator are connected to the power supply. Then, the microcontroller control chip, the drive circuit and the acousto-optic simulator are powered by the power supply circuit. After being powered on, the microcontroller control chip can drive the acous-to-optic simulator device according to the written program to simulate the operation of the electronic detonators. Thus, adjustable delay times have been implemented. In addition, the real blasting scene can be simulated, the internal structure can be visually observed, and series parallel stable operation can be realized. Through the experimental teaching, students can understand the structure and characteristics of electronic detonators, master the detonator performance detection method and detonation network connection method. The new analog electronic detonators can fully mobilize students' enthusiasm of learning the “blasting safety” course, give full play to the subjective initiative, and effectively improve their practical ability.

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HAN Ying (1980-), male, from Jinan, Shandong Province, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of mine safety engineering, (E-mail) .
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电子雷管是爆破工程领域目前采用的主要起爆方式，但因其具有高危险性和特殊管控要求，无法在课堂教学和实验教学中使用，亟待研发一种安全可靠且可重复使用的模拟器材。基于STC15单片机，设计与调试了教学用模拟电子雷管，借助3D打印技术，制作了模拟电子雷管，并成功应用于雷管检测和起爆网路模拟实验教学。研究表明：模拟电子雷管主要由电源电路、雷管模拟电路和PCB板构成，由雷管一端伸出一对引线连接电源，通过电源电路给单片机控制芯片、驱动电路及声光模拟器件供电，通电后单片机控制芯片可以按照写入的程序驱动声光模拟器件模拟电子雷管工作，从而实现了延期爆破时间可调节、爆破真实场景可模拟、内部结构可直观观测以及串并联稳定运行等功能；通过实验教学，让学生了解了电子雷管的结构和特性，掌握了雷管性能检测方法和起爆网络连接方法，充分调动了学习“爆破安全”课程的积极性，充分发挥了主观能动性，有效提高了实操能力，实验教学效果良好。

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韩颖（1980-），男，山东济南人，教授、博士，主要从事矿山安全工程领域的教学与科研工作，（E-mail）.
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张飞燕（1978-），女，山西芮城人，教授、博士，主要从事安全技术及工程领域的教学与科研工作，（E-mail）

ZHANG Fei-yan (1978-), female, from Ruicheng, Shanxi Province, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of safety technology and engineering, (E-mail) .

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2a.College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
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2a.河南理工大学　安全科学与工程学院，焦作　454003
3.煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心，焦作　454003, bio={"content":"

张飞燕（1978-），女，山西芮城人，教授、博士，主要从事安全技术及工程领域的教学与科研工作，（E-mail）

ZHANG Fei-yan (1978-), female, from Ruicheng, Shanxi Province, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of safety technology and engineering, (E-mail) .

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张飞燕（1978-），女，山西芮城人，教授、博士，主要从事安全技术及工程领域的教学与科研工作，（E-mail）

ZHANG Fei-yan (1978-), female, from Ruicheng, Shanxi Province, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of safety technology and engineering, (E-mail) .

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4.Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region (Henan Province), Jiaozuo 454003, China
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4.中原经济区煤层（页岩）气河南省协同创新中心，焦作　454003
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Construction and practice of integrated experimental teaching system of “blasting safety” course, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687561136034480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541632520883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=153, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=叶海旺, 雷涛, 李梅, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶海旺, 雷涛, 李梅, 等. 爆破工程虚拟仿真实验系统及教学实践研究[J]. 爆破, 2020, 37(3): 153-158., articleTitle=爆破工程虚拟仿真实验系统及教学实践研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687561224114869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541632520883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=153, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=YE Hai-wang, LEI Tao, LI Mei, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE Hai-wang, LEI Tao, LI Mei, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Virtual simulation experiment system and teaching practice of blasting engineering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687561320583864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541632520883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=孔祥雷, 梁实, 何晓光, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孔祥雷, 梁实, 何晓光, 等. 一种教学用仿真电子雷管，中国：CN204926653U[P]. 2015-12-30., articleTitle=一种教学用仿真电子雷管, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687561396081339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541632520883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=曹跃, 谭海, 黄平路, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹跃, 谭海, 黄平路, 等. 教学用模拟电雷管，中国：CN2783460[P]. 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List of interrupt triggering behaviors

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中断源触发行为
INT0（外部中断0）（IT0=1）；下降沿；（IT0=0）；下降沿和上升沿均可
Timer0定时器0溢出
INT1（外部中断1）（IT1=1）；下降沿；（IT1=0）；下降沿和上升沿均可
Timer1定时器1溢出
LVD电源电压下降到低于LVD检测电压
（外部中断2）下降沿
（外部中断3）下降沿
（外部中断4）下降沿
), ArticleFig(id=1241687555150762444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541632520883, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中断触发行为一览表

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中断源触发行为
INT0（外部中断0）（IT0=1）；下降沿；（IT0=0）；下降沿和上升沿均可
Timer0定时器0溢出
INT1（外部中断1）（IT1=1）；下降沿；（IT1=0）；下降沿和上升沿均可
Timer1定时器1溢出
LVD电源电压下降到低于LVD检测电压
（外部中断2）下降沿
（外部中断3）下降沿
（外部中断4）下降沿
), ArticleFig(id=1241687555289174480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687541632520883, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test data of analog electronic detonator

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雷管连接方式输入电压/V静态电流/A工作电流/A声光效果工作状态
单个雷管5.00.0520.096有正常
2个串联10.30.0590.106有正常
3个串联16.30.0730.121有正常
4个串联22.10.0800.130有正常
5个串联28.00.0850.135有正常
8个并联5.00.3910.716有正常
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模拟电子雷管测试数据表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷管连接方式输入电压/V静态电流/A工作电流/A声光效果工作状态
单个雷管5.00.0520.096有正常
2个串联10.30.0590.106有正常
3个串联16.30.0730.121有正常
4个串联22.10.0800.130有正常
5个串联28.00.0850.135有正常
8个并联5.00.3910.716有正常
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基于STC15单片机的教学用模拟电子雷管设计与实现
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张飞燕 1, 2a, 3 , 刘柯含 1, 2a , 韩颖 2b, 4, 5 , 牛琛 2a
爆破 | 安全与管理 2023,40(3): 236-242
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023, 40(3): 236-242
基于STC15单片机的教学用模拟电子雷管设计与实现
全屏
张飞燕1, 2a, 3 , 刘柯含1, 2a, 韩颖2b, 4, 5 , 牛琛2a
作者信息
  • 1.安全工程国家级实验教学示范中心（河南理工大学），焦作　454003
  • 2a.河南理工大学　安全科学与工程学院，焦作　454003
  • 2b.河南理工大学　能源科学与工程学院，焦作　454003
  • 3.煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心，焦作　454003
  • 4.中原经济区煤层（页岩）气河南省协同创新中心，焦作　454003
  • 5.深井岩层控制与瓦斯抽采国家安监局科技支撑平台，焦作　454003

    • 张飞燕（1978-），女，山西芮城人，教授、博士，主要从事安全技术及工程领域的教学与科研工作，（E-mail）

    ZHANG Fei-yan (1978-), female, from Ruicheng, Shanxi Province, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of safety technology and engineering, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

韩颖（1980-），男，山东济南人，教授、博士，主要从事矿山安全工程领域的教学与科研工作，（E-mail）.
Design and Implementation of Analog Electronic Detonator for Teaching based on STC15 Microcontroller
Fei-yan ZHANG1, 2a, 3 , Ke-han LIU1, 2a, Ying HAN2b, 4, 5 , Chen NIU2a
Affiliations
  • 1.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Safety Engineering Education (Henan Polytechnic University), Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 2a.College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 2b.School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 3.Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 4.Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region (Henan Province), Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 5.Technology Platform of Deep Mine Strata Control and Methane Drainage for State Administration of Work Safety, Jiaozuo 454003, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.033
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摘要
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电子雷管是爆破工程领域目前采用的主要起爆方式，但因其具有高危险性和特殊管控要求，无法在课堂教学和实验教学中使用，亟待研发一种安全可靠且可重复使用的模拟器材。基于STC15单片机，设计与调试了教学用模拟电子雷管，借助3D打印技术，制作了模拟电子雷管，并成功应用于雷管检测和起爆网路模拟实验教学。研究表明：模拟电子雷管主要由电源电路、雷管模拟电路和PCB板构成，由雷管一端伸出一对引线连接电源，通过电源电路给单片机控制芯片、驱动电路及声光模拟器件供电，通电后单片机控制芯片可以按照写入的程序驱动声光模拟器件模拟电子雷管工作，从而实现了延期爆破时间可调节、爆破真实场景可模拟、内部结构可直观观测以及串并联稳定运行等功能；通过实验教学，让学生了解了电子雷管的结构和特性，掌握了雷管性能检测方法和起爆网络连接方法，充分调动了学习“爆破安全”课程的积极性，充分发挥了主观能动性，有效提高了实操能力，实验教学效果良好。

爆破安全  /  实验教学  /  模拟电子雷管  /  单片机  /  3D打印技术

Electronic detonators are the main initiation method currently used in the field of explosives engineering. However, they cannot be used in classroom or experimental teaching due to their high risk and special control requirements. It is urgent to develop a safe, reliable and reusable simulation device. Based on the STC15 microcontroller technology, a kind of analog electronic detonator for teaching was designed and tested. The simulated electronic detonators can be manufactured by 3D printing technology an they have been successfully applied to detonator detection and detonation network simulation experiments. The analog electronic detonator is mainly composed of power circuits, detonator simulation circuits, and PCB boards. A pair of leads protruding from one end of the detonator are connected to the power supply. Then, the microcontroller control chip, the drive circuit and the acousto-optic simulator are powered by the power supply circuit. After being powered on, the microcontroller control chip can drive the acous-to-optic simulator device according to the written program to simulate the operation of the electronic detonators. Thus, adjustable delay times have been implemented. In addition, the real blasting scene can be simulated, the internal structure can be visually observed, and series parallel stable operation can be realized. Through the experimental teaching, students can understand the structure and characteristics of electronic detonators, master the detonator performance detection method and detonation network connection method. The new analog electronic detonators can fully mobilize students' enthusiasm of learning the “blasting safety” course, give full play to the subjective initiative, and effectively improve their practical ability.

blasting safety  /  experimental teaching  /  analog electronic detonator  /  microcontroller  /  3D printing technology
张飞燕, 刘柯含, 韩颖, 牛琛. 基于STC15单片机的教学用模拟电子雷管设计与实现. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 236 -242 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.033
Fei-yan ZHANG, Ke-han LIU, Ying HAN, Chen NIU. Design and Implementation of Analog Electronic Detonator for Teaching based on STC15 Microcontroller[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 236 -242 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.033
正文
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雷管作为爆破工程的主要起爆材料，它的作用是产生起爆能来引爆各种炸药及导爆索、传爆管[1]。工业和信息化部于2021年11月15日发布的《“十四五”民用爆炸物品行业安全发展规划》指出：“严格执行工业雷管减量置换为工业数码电子雷管政策，全面推广工业数码电子雷管，除保留少量产能用于出口或其它经许可的特殊用途外，2022年6月底前停止生产、8月底前停止销售除工业数码电子雷管外的其它工业雷管”[2]，工业数码电子雷管时代由此开启。
电子雷管采用电子控制模块对起爆过程进行控制，具有延期爆炸时间精度高、可靠性高、不易出现拒爆或延迟爆炸情况以及抗干扰能力强等诸多优点[3-5]。多年来，众多学者围绕其延时特性[6,7]、减振特性[8]、错相减震机理与技术[9-11]、干扰减震技术和振动频率调控技术等问题开展了一系列卓有成效的研究工作[12,13]，取得了诸多有益成果，有力推动了我国爆破技术的快速发展。但是，对于国内开设“爆破工程”等爆破类课程的高校而言，课程一般安排有配套实验，如笔者主讲的“爆破安全”课程开设有雷管检测和起爆网路模拟两个实验，面临因国家管控政策要求爆破实验器材无法购置[14,15]、相关实验难以开设之难题。为破解上述难题，孔祥雷等[16]、曹跃等设计了可用于实验教学的仿真或模拟电雷管[17]，但其仅能演示瞬发电雷管的功能，而无法调整延期爆破时间，电子雷管的延时特性无法得以有效展示。为此，本文基于STC15单片机，开展了教学用模拟电子雷管设计与应用研究。
1　模拟电子雷管总体结构与功能
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模拟电子雷管由外壳体、电源电路和雷管模拟电路三部分组成[18]，总体结构如图1所示。其外壳体利用3D打印技术制作，电源电路利用稳压电路实现，雷管模拟电路由单片机和声光模拟器件组成。
教学用模拟电子雷管具有以下功能：①端口可与外界连接并进行信息交换；②延时程序可调节延期爆破时间；③声光硬件可模拟爆破真实场景；④仿真外壳便于直观观测雷管；⑤稳压电流通道可实现串联、并联稳定运行。
2　模拟电子雷管设计原理
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模拟电子雷管主要由电路和PCB板构成。其设计思路为：电源由一对引线从雷管一端伸出，引线连接电源后通过电源电路给单片机控制芯片、驱动电路及声光模拟器件供电，通电后单片机控制芯片可以按照写入的程序驱动声光模拟器件模拟电子雷管工作。
2.1　电路
模拟电子雷管电路主要包括电源电路和雷管模拟电路，其原理如图2所示。其中，V1为稳压二极管、RT9193为宽输入电压稳压芯片、STC15L100系列单片机为控制芯片、Buzzer为蜂鸣器、SJG为三极管、LED为指示灯（发光二极管）。
（1）电源电路
电源电路包含全桥整流电路、电流通道和稳压电路三部分。
电源电路首先通过的是一个全桥整流电路，做二次保障，使输入端能不分正负极使用。由于电源的供电电压为5 V，且为宽范围电压输入，故设计稳压电路，在输入电压波动或负载发生改变时仍能保持输出电压基本不变的电源电路，由于STC15L系列单片机的工作电压为3.6~2.4 V（3 V单片机），所以为单片机提供精确稳定的3.3 V的电压。经过对比与筛选，选用RT9193稳压芯片作为稳压电路的核心。
（2）雷管模拟电路
雷管模拟电路由单片机、驱动模块、声光模块组成，采用单片机作为控制芯片。
电源供电工作时，雷管模拟电路的输出端口默认值为低电平，单片机可通过连接端口下载延时定时程序，当单片机通电后，延迟程序开始工作。
驱动三极管SJG具有电流放大的作用，能为发光发声器件提供大电流，从而使音频放大。其中电阻R2为下拉电阻，可避免发光发声器件误导通。
单片机控制芯片8脚输出脉冲信号，使蜂鸣器能发声；与此同时，单片机控制芯片7脚输出高电平信号，使LED能发光，从而来模拟雷管爆炸时的声光效果。
2.2　PCB板
模拟电子雷管的硬件设计PCB板如图3所示。其中主要的电路模块为全桥整流电路、LM358双运算放大器、RT9193稳压芯片和STC15L100系列单片机。
（1）全桥整流电路
全桥整流电路是全波整流电路的一种，按图4方法接4只二极管。D1~D4为四只相同的整流二极管，接成电桥形式，故称桥式整流电路。利用二极管的导引作用，使在负半周时也能把次级输出引向负载。具体接法如图所示，从图中可以看到，在正半周时由D1、D2导引电流自上而下通过RL，负半周时由D3、D4导引电流也是自上而下通过RL，从而实现全波整流。
（2）LM358双运算放大器
LM358内部包括有两个独立的、高增益、内部频率补偿的运算放大器，适合于电源电压范围很宽的单电源使用，也适用于双电源工作模式，在推荐的工作条件下，电源电流与电源电压无关。它的使用范围包括传感放大器、直流增益模块和其他所有可用单电源供电的使用运算放大器的场合。
（3）RT9193稳压芯片
RT9193系列ESR电容具有高精度、低噪音、高速度和兼容低的特性。该系列还具有低功耗（TYP. 25 uA）和低压差的优点（80~100 mA，VOUT（T）=3.0 V）。当选用超小型的USP-4封装时，可进一步减少在电路板上面所需要的面积尺寸。
（4）STC15L100系列单片机
STC15L100系列单片机采用单时钟/机器周期（IT）的单片机，具有高速、高可靠、低功耗和超强抗干扰等特性，指令代码完全兼容传统8051，但速度快6~12倍。封装采用贴片式，占用电路板的面积非常小，适合集成在电路板上。其中，各个中断触发行为见表1。
3　模拟电子雷管串联与并联测试
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电子雷管在现场使用时的连接方法有串联、并联和串并联3种。因此，将焊接好的模拟电子雷管电路板进行通电运行，并测量其电压电流数据。根据图3设计，分别采用串联（m）、并联（n）、串并联（m×n）方式进行模拟测试，如图5所示。
模拟电子雷管测试数据见表2。
3.1　单一雷管（m=1，n=1）
由表2可知，当m=1，n=1时，单个雷管运行，输入电压5 V，输入电流静态时为0.052 A，发光发声时的工作电流为0.096 A，声光效果良好，模拟电子雷管运行稳定。
3.2　串联方式（m>1，n=1）
由表2可知，当m=2，n=1时，2个雷管串联运行，所有雷管的延期时间相同，输入电压10.3 V，输入电流静态时为0.059 A，发光发声时的工作电流为0.106 A，声光效果良好，模拟电子雷管运行稳定。
当m=3，n=1时，3个雷管串联运行，所有雷管的延期时间相同，输入电压16.3 V，输入电流静态时为0.073 A，发光发声时的工作电流为0.121 A，声光效果良好，模拟电子雷管运行稳定。
当m=4，n=1时，4个雷管串联运行，所有雷管的延期时间相同，输入电压22.1 V，输入电流静态时为0.080 A，发光发声时的工作电流为0.130 A，声光效果良好，模拟电子雷管运行稳定。
当m=5，n=1时，5个雷管串联运行，所有雷管的延期时间相同，输入电压28 V，输入电流静态时为0.085 A，发光发声时的工作电流为0.135 A，声光效果良好，模拟电子雷管运行稳定。
如果每个雷管分压均匀且电源能提供足够的电压，雷管串联个数不受限制。
3.3　并联方式（m=1，n>1）
由表2可知，当m=1，n=8时，8个雷管并联运行，所有雷管的延期时间相同，输入电压5 V，输入电流静态时为0.391 A，发光发声时的工作电流为0.716 A，声光效应好，模拟电子雷管运行稳定。雷管并联运行时，只要电源的电流供给足够，并联个数没有限制。
综上所述，无论是串联方式还是并联方式，只要电源的电流供给足够，雷管个数不受限制。
4　模拟电子雷管实物及应用
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4.1　模拟电子雷管实物
模拟电子雷管主体芯片如图6所示。
在实验教学过程中，为确保学生可以直观观察到电子雷管的外形，通过Revit软件对模拟电子雷管外壳进行建模，如图7所示。
然后，导入up studio软件对雷管外壳进行3D打印，经组装、打磨和上漆后，即可得到模拟电子雷管实物，如图8所示。其外形与真实电子雷管相似，一端为发光二极管；另一端引出2根脚线，可与外接端口连接，实现爆破延期时间调整，满足实验教学需求。
4.2　模拟电子雷管应用
模拟实验平台如图9所示。
基于模拟实验平台和模拟电子雷管，“雷管检测”和“起爆网路模拟”两项实验教学内容得以顺利讲授，教学过程如图10所示。通过实验教学，同学们了解了电子雷管的结构和特性，掌握了雷管性能检测方法和起爆网络连接方法，其学习“爆破安全”课程的积极性得以充分调动，主观能动性得以充分发挥，实操能力得以有效提高，实验教学效果良好。
5　结论
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（1）模拟电子雷管主要由电源电路、雷管模拟电路和PCB板构成，其端口可与外界进行信息交换，实现了延期爆破时间可调节、爆破真实场景可模拟、内部结构可直观观测以及串并联稳定运行等功能。
（2）基于STC15单片机和3D打印技术，实现了模拟电子雷管实物制作，并成功应用于实验教学。通过实验教学，同学们了解了电子雷管的结构和特性，掌握了雷管性能检测方法和起爆网路连接方法，其学习“爆破安全”课程的积极性得以充分调动，主观能动性得以充分发挥，实操能力得以有效提高，实验教学效果良好。
（3）本次设计的模拟电子雷管还存在一些问题，如无法对自身电性能进行检测、无法实现与外界无线传输通信等，有待于进一步探索与改进。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974108; 51404093)
  • 河南省自然科学基金资助项目(232300420077)
  • 河南省博士后科研项目(001701014)
  • 河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NSFRF210315)
  • 河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室—省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金项目(WS2020B12; WS2012A09)
  • 河南理工大学博士基金资助项目(B2008-15; B2012-093)
文献
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2023年第40卷第3期
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文章信息
doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.033
  • 接收时间：2023-04-02
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2023-09-01
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2023-04-02
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51974108; 51404093)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974108; 51404093)
Natural Science Foundation of Henan(232300420077)
河南省自然科学基金资助项目(232300420077)
Postdoctoral Research Project of Henan Province(001701014)
河南省博士后科研项目(001701014)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province(NSFRF210315)
河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NSFRF210315)
State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control (Henan Polytechnic University)(WS2020B12; WS2012A09)
河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室—省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金项目(WS2020B12; WS2012A09)
Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University(B2008-15; B2012-093)
河南理工大学博士基金资助项目(B2008-15; B2012-093)
作者信息
    1.安全工程国家级实验教学示范中心（河南理工大学），焦作　454003
    2a.河南理工大学　安全科学与工程学院，焦作　454003
    2b.河南理工大学　能源科学与工程学院，焦作　454003
    3.煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心，焦作　454003
    4.中原经济区煤层（页岩）气河南省协同创新中心，焦作　454003
    5.深井岩层控制与瓦斯抽采国家安监局科技支撑平台，焦作　454003

通讯作者:

韩颖（1980-），男，山东济南人，教授、博士，主要从事矿山安全工程领域的教学与科研工作，（E-mail）.
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