Article(id=1241687540000936587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.029, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1662566400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970978975, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970978975, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970978975, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970978975, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=212, endPage=216, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687541548634795, articleId=1241687540000936587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation and Prevention Measures of Rockburst Hazard Against Bearing Coal Pillar, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To solve the problem of impact danger to the coal pillars in the bearing section of the coal mine caused by rock burst, the stability analysis of the coal pillars was carried out using a theoretical analysis method during the excavation and backfilling periods of the B4328 working face of the Xinglongzhuang coal mine. The reasonable width of the coal pillars was calculated. A numerical calculation model was established using Phase2 to determine the stress distribution of the coal pillars in different mining states. Based on the degree of stress concentration on both sides of the roadway and the floor, a large-diameter borehole pre-pressure relief plan was implemented, and reinforcement measures for the transportation roadway before backfilling were also developed. The research results show that the plastic zone width of the coal pillar on the excavation side after transportation is 4.71 m and 14.45 m on the goaf. It is believed that the coal pillars are only affected by the impact of single-sided mining and the redistribution of drilling stresses, and the 25 m coal pillars are in a relatively stable state. At the same time, the simulation calculation shows that the transportation excavation area is located in the position where the supporting pressure peak drops in the goaf but the value is still relatively high, and the impact danger of the outer side of the coal pillar is greater than the inner side. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the support and take pre-pressure relief measures for the elastic area of the coal pillar. Because the coal pillar is less disturbed during the excavation period, and the two sides are basically in a plastic state after pressure relief, the elastic zone starts to produce plastic deformation, the elastic energy is released slowly, and the impact risk is reduced.

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为解决冲击地压矿井承载区段煤柱的冲击危险问题,以兴隆庄煤矿B4328工作面的实际开采情况为例,采用理论分析法在工作面掘进和回采期间对煤柱进行了稳定性力学分析,计算了合理煤柱宽度;建立了Phase2数值计算模型,得到该煤柱在不同采掘状态下的应力分布规律;根据应力集中程度在巷道两帮及底板实施大直径钻孔预卸压方案,同时制定了在工作面回采前运输顺槽支护的补强措施。研究结果表明:运顺掘出后巷道侧煤柱塑性区宽度为4.71 m,采空区侧塑性区宽度为14.45 m,认为煤柱仅受单侧的采动影响和掘巷应力重新分布影响,25 m煤柱处于相对稳定状态;同时模拟计算表明运顺开挖区域处于采空区支承压力峰值下降但数值仍较高的位置,且外帮冲击危险大于内帮,需要加强支护且对煤柱弹性核区域采取预卸压措施,由于承载区段煤柱在采掘期间受扰动较小,卸压后煤柱两侧将基本处于塑性状态,弹性区开始产生塑性变形,弹性能缓慢释放,冲击危险程度降低。冲击地压危险监测数据表明防冲效果较好,研究结论可为相似条件下较大尺寸的承载区段煤柱防冲问题提供理论与实践依据。

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陈学华(1972-),男,博士、教授,主要从事矿山压力与矿井动力灾害防治方面的研究,(E-mail)

CHEN Xue-hua (1972-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on mine pressure and mine power disaster prevention and control, (E-mail) .

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陈学华(1972-),男,博士、教授,主要从事矿山压力与矿井动力灾害防治方面的研究,(E-mail)

CHEN Xue-hua (1972-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on mine pressure and mine power disaster prevention and control, (E-mail) .

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陈学华(1972-),男,博士、教授,主要从事矿山压力与矿井动力灾害防治方面的研究,(E-mail)

CHEN Xue-hua (1972-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on mine pressure and mine power disaster prevention and control, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Seventy years development of coal mine rockburst in China: establishment and consideration of theory and technology system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687552911004051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687540000936587, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=111, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=潘俊锋, 齐庆新, 刘少虹, journalName=煤炭学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘俊锋, 齐庆新, 刘少虹, 等. 我国煤炭深部开采冲击地压特征、类型及分源防控技术[J]. 煤炭学报, 2020, 45(1): 111-121., articleTitle=我国煤炭深部开采冲击地压特征、类型及分源防控技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241687553028444571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687540000936587, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=111, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=PAN Jun-feng, QI Qing-xin, LIU Shao-hong, journalName=Journal of China Coal Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN Jun-feng, QI Qing-xin, LIU Shao-hong, et al. 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Study on response characteristics of underground roadway on adjacent blasting dynamic load[J]. Blasting, 2021, 38(3): 75-81. 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Ⅰ-破裂区;Ⅱ-塑性区;Ⅲ-应力升高的弹性区(弹性核)

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承载区段煤柱冲击危险数值模拟及防治措施
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陈学华 1 , 柴豪 1 , 刘洋 2 , 周达 1
爆破 | 安全与管理 2023,40(3): 212-216
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023, 40(3): 212-216
承载区段煤柱冲击危险数值模拟及防治措施
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陈学华1 , 柴豪1, 刘洋2, 周达1
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁工程技术大学 矿业学院,阜新 123000
  • 2.中煤能源研究院有限责任公司,西安 710054
  • 陈学华(1972-),男,博士、教授,主要从事矿山压力与矿井动力灾害防治方面的研究,(E-mail)

    CHEN Xue-hua (1972-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on mine pressure and mine power disaster prevention and control, (E-mail) .

Numerical Simulation and Prevention Measures of Rockburst Hazard Against Bearing Coal Pillar
Xue-hua CHEN1 , Hao CHAI1, Yang LIU2, Da ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mining, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
  • 2.China Coal Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710054, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.029
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为解决冲击地压矿井承载区段煤柱的冲击危险问题,以兴隆庄煤矿B4328工作面的实际开采情况为例,采用理论分析法在工作面掘进和回采期间对煤柱进行了稳定性力学分析,计算了合理煤柱宽度;建立了Phase2数值计算模型,得到该煤柱在不同采掘状态下的应力分布规律;根据应力集中程度在巷道两帮及底板实施大直径钻孔预卸压方案,同时制定了在工作面回采前运输顺槽支护的补强措施。研究结果表明:运顺掘出后巷道侧煤柱塑性区宽度为4.71 m,采空区侧塑性区宽度为14.45 m,认为煤柱仅受单侧的采动影响和掘巷应力重新分布影响,25 m煤柱处于相对稳定状态;同时模拟计算表明运顺开挖区域处于采空区支承压力峰值下降但数值仍较高的位置,且外帮冲击危险大于内帮,需要加强支护且对煤柱弹性核区域采取预卸压措施,由于承载区段煤柱在采掘期间受扰动较小,卸压后煤柱两侧将基本处于塑性状态,弹性区开始产生塑性变形,弹性能缓慢释放,冲击危险程度降低。冲击地压危险监测数据表明防冲效果较好,研究结论可为相似条件下较大尺寸的承载区段煤柱防冲问题提供理论与实践依据。

承载区段煤柱  /  力学分析  /  冲击地压  /  数值模拟  /  防治措施

To solve the problem of impact danger to the coal pillars in the bearing section of the coal mine caused by rock burst, the stability analysis of the coal pillars was carried out using a theoretical analysis method during the excavation and backfilling periods of the B4328 working face of the Xinglongzhuang coal mine. The reasonable width of the coal pillars was calculated. A numerical calculation model was established using Phase2 to determine the stress distribution of the coal pillars in different mining states. Based on the degree of stress concentration on both sides of the roadway and the floor, a large-diameter borehole pre-pressure relief plan was implemented, and reinforcement measures for the transportation roadway before backfilling were also developed. The research results show that the plastic zone width of the coal pillar on the excavation side after transportation is 4.71 m and 14.45 m on the goaf. It is believed that the coal pillars are only affected by the impact of single-sided mining and the redistribution of drilling stresses, and the 25 m coal pillars are in a relatively stable state. At the same time, the simulation calculation shows that the transportation excavation area is located in the position where the supporting pressure peak drops in the goaf but the value is still relatively high, and the impact danger of the outer side of the coal pillar is greater than the inner side. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the support and take pre-pressure relief measures for the elastic area of the coal pillar. Because the coal pillar is less disturbed during the excavation period, and the two sides are basically in a plastic state after pressure relief, the elastic zone starts to produce plastic deformation, the elastic energy is released slowly, and the impact risk is reduced.

bearing coal pillar  /  mechanical analysis  /  rock burst  /  numerical simulation  /  prevention measures
陈学华, 柴豪, 刘洋, 周达. 承载区段煤柱冲击危险数值模拟及防治措施. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 212 -216 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.029
Xue-hua CHEN, Hao CHAI, Yang LIU, Da ZHOU. Numerical Simulation and Prevention Measures of Rockburst Hazard Against Bearing Coal Pillar[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 212 -216 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.029
冲击地压是一种严重的矿井动力灾害[1]。前几年,鄂尔多斯西部埋深大的煤矿留设较大尺寸的区段煤柱是导致频繁发生冲击地压的主要原因之一,随着回采工作面沿空小煤柱技术的推广应用,这些煤矿的冲击地压灾害得到了有效的控制。然而井下采掘活动出于防治矿井水、火、瓦斯、开采习惯等原因,往往会在采煤工作面留设较大尺寸的承载煤柱,这带来了很大的防冲难题[2]。王博等研究区段煤柱应力演化规律[3],揭示了区段煤柱易发生冲击地压的机理;杨光宇等根据孤岛工作面的应力分布[4],结合应力动态监测等方法确定了区段煤柱的合理宽度;牛滕冲等表明区段煤柱极限能量与侧向应力的二次正相关函数关系[5],提出了煤柱弹性区失稳的判断依据。
国内外学者对区段煤柱的研究多以合理宽度模拟、小煤柱稳定性分析为主,缺乏对已成型较宽区段煤柱的研究,因此本文以兴隆庄煤矿B4328工作面为研究对象,采用理论分析以及数值模拟的方法对已成型较宽区段煤柱的弹塑性区、应力分布进行研究分析,对应力集中区域采取合理的预卸压和支护措施,冲击地压危险监测数据表明有效控制了冲击地压灾害。
兴隆庄煤矿B4328工作面邻近的4328与4326工作面均已开采,形成了边角煤工作面,如图1。该面开采深度在447.8~503.6 m,煤层厚度一般在8.2~10.5 m,平均9.3 m。工作面直接顶与基本顶以砂岩为主,但厚度不大。工作面上方高位顶板为砂岩与泥岩互层。
工作面地质构造简单,煤层总体为一单斜构造,煤层倾角3°~9°,发育有次一级的波状起伏。工作面范围内均无断层、古河流冲刷、岩浆岩侵入及陷落柱。
B4328工作面原设计方案是运顺与相邻的4328工作面停采线间留有25 m保护煤柱,先期掘进过程中未出现明显动力现象。后期运顺准备改成5 m的区段煤柱,但由于切眼掘进时,临近两向采空支承压力叠加区时难以掘进,所以最终决定不再掘进新运顺,从对应老运顺的位置直接贯通新切眼与老运顺,形成新的生产系统,在运顺与4328采空区间留设25 m承载区段煤柱。
煤柱受到采动影响后保持稳定的基本条件是:煤柱两侧产生塑性变形后,煤柱中央仍处于弹性应力状态,即在煤柱中央保持一定宽度的弹性核,弹性核区的宽度应为煤柱高度的1~2倍,护巷煤柱的宽度是根据各个分区的宽度来确定的,即煤柱两侧的塑性区和中间弹性区[6,7],如图2
B4328工作面运顺掘出后,与4328工作面采空区形成25 m的煤柱,煤柱一侧受到4328工作面采空区支承压力的影响,另一侧受到本工作面运顺掘巷引起的次生应力的影响,运用岩体的极限平衡理论[8],可以得到两侧塑性区宽度:
(1)采空区侧煤柱塑性区宽度
煤柱支承压力峰值与煤柱边缘之间的距离
式中:M为煤层开采厚度,m;K为应力增高系数;H为埋深,m;P为支架对煤帮的阻力,MPa;C为煤体的内聚力,MPa;F为煤层与顶底板接触面摩擦系数;γ为岩层平均容重,KN·m-3φ为煤体的内摩擦角,°;ξ为三轴应力系数。
计算可得:工作面开采后采空区一侧煤柱形成的塑性区宽度为14.45 m。
(2)运顺侧煤柱塑性区宽度
同样运用岩体的极限平衡理论,可得到因B4328工作面运顺开掘后巷帮形成的塑性区宽度
式中:β为极限平衡区与核区界面处的侧压系数。
计算可得:B4328工作面运顺开掘后在巷帮侧形成的塑性区宽度为4.71 m。
(3)采掘期间煤柱的稳定性分析
取弹性核的宽度为煤厚的1倍,将上述的计算结果代入一侧采空条件下计算公式,得到巷道掘进时B4328工作面运顺稳定煤柱的宽度为28.46 m。代入两侧采空条件下计算公式,得到B4328工作面回采时运顺稳定煤柱的宽度为38.2 m。
根据以上计算,B4328工作面老运顺掘出后,25 m煤柱中间弹性煤体的宽度为5.84 m,由于煤柱仅受单侧采动影响和掘巷次生应力分布的影响,煤柱所受的应力水平较低,所以认为掘巷后25 m煤柱处于相对稳定状态;在工作面开采时受到超前支承压力作用或较大震动作用时,可能会突然失稳,因此需要提前对25 m煤柱中的弹性核煤体进行卸压。卸压后,25 m煤柱两侧基本形成塑性区,同时弹性区积聚的弹性能降低,将不会出现突然破坏失稳的情况,在高应力作用下会产生缓慢的塑性变形,这时防冲问题转化为巷道变形控制问题[9,10]
为分析B4328运顺掘进期间运顺与4328采空区之间25 m煤柱应力分布情况,建立Phase2数值计算模型[11,12],模型分3步进行计算,分别为原岩应力、4328工作面回采、B4328运顺掘进。建立模型如图3
B4328运顺掘进位置距离4328采空区留设25 m煤柱,掘进位置处于煤柱应力相对较高区域内,运顺掘进后,25 m煤柱一侧受采动影响,另一侧受掘进应力重新分布影响,因此煤柱里应力峰值有所增加,如图4图5
为准确分析支承应力峰值变化情况,选取自4328采空区至B4328工作面内部60 m范围内围岩支承应力分布曲线,如图6
(1)4328工作面开采后,会在停采线前的煤体里形成支承压力,根据数值分析结果,可以判断出支承压力峰值位置在14 m左右,应力值为25.02 MPa。运顺掘进的位置处于峰值应力值下降但数值仍然较高的位置。
(2)运顺掘进造成应力的重新分布,其中靠近4328采空区一侧的煤柱内的最大支承应力升高到29.02 MPa,较掘进前应力增加4 MPa;靠近工作面一侧的B4328运顺巷帮最大支承应力为24.1 MPa,较掘进前应力增加2.2 MPa。
(3)根据应力分布图分析,运顺掘出后,25 m煤柱中的应力峰值明显偏向于运顺侧,距运顺距离大约为10 m左右,这无疑加大了运顺的冲击危险;同时运顺外帮应力最大值较运顺内帮应力值大4 MPa左右,说明外帮冲击危险大于内帮,但内帮后期要受到工作面开采影响,因而工作面开采时的冲击危险大于外帮。
考虑到运顺两帮在回采时会出现高应力集中现象,所以在工作面回采前对两帮采取预卸压措施[13]
B4328工作面运顺在掘进期间左侧受4328采空区侧向支承压力转移的影响,右侧受本工作面采掘扰动的影响,将形成应力集中区域,对冲击地压的发生创造应力条件。因此,设计对两帮都采取大直径钻孔卸压措施。考虑到初采阶段上覆岩层骤然裂隙发展对应力场的改变,在工作面开采前100 m范围内施工钻孔,间距为1 m,钻孔直径为150 mm,深度为20 m,距巷道底板1.2 m,单排布置。其余地段钻孔间距为2 m,参数同上。
B4328工作面掘进期间如果局部留有厚度超过1 m的底煤,需采取底煤卸压措施。对巷道留有底煤区域需施工底煤大孔径卸压,以降低煤层中的应力积聚,减少巷道底板冲击及底鼓现象发生,保护巷道完全。钻孔直径不小于120 mm,在巷道每个断面布置2个钻孔,钻孔俯角45°,钻孔间距1 m,钻孔深度达到底板岩石即可,部分巷道的钻孔布置方式可根据巷道具体情况优化调整,初步卸压参数如图7所示。
工作面回采前,根据运顺地质条件及围岩受力状态,在原有支护的基础上,按以下方案实施补强措施。见图89
(1)顶板支护:每排施工3根顶锚杆,施工在原钢带之间,锚杆间排距1.6 m×0.9 m。穿层段隔一排施工3棵锚索固定一条4000 mm长的U型棚,锚索采用ϕ 22×7500 mm型19股矿用锚索,配合使用专用U型托盘,锚索间排距1.5 m×1.8 m。
(2)两帮支护:两帮每隔1排施工3根注浆锚杆,施工在原帮部锚杆之间,锚杆间排距1.2 m×1.8 m。每帮每隔1排施工2根注浆锚索,锚索与水平成25°~45°,仰角打注,施工在两排注浆锚杆之间,配合钢带或帮部皮带使用,锚索间排距2.0×1.8 m。
(3)超前支护:运顺选用ZT58500/24/45型顺槽支架配合单元式液压支架支护,超前支护长度不小于120 m。
B4328工作面掘进及回采期间使用钻屑法,应力在线监测法以及微震监测系统监测冲击地压危险情况[14]。在采取加强支护措施后,工作面及两巷都有较好的支护效果。以下是使用各种监测方法在实际开采中获取的数据分析及开采效果。
(1)钻屑法
自工作面开始生产到结束,巷道两帮共钻孔1491个,总计20874 m。期间对监测点数据分析,无异常数据。
(2)应力在线监测法
在工作面巷道内共安装应力测点44组,回采期间,最大应力值为9.3 MPa。工作面轨顺距工作面78 m处应力开始升高,运顺68 m处应力开始升高,但数据都在安全范围内,无危险预警发生。
(3)微震监测系统
在对B4328工作面2020年1月3日—4月25日微震事件的统计中,能量介于0~5×102 E/J的震动次数达758次,占比54.77%;能量大于1×104 E/J的震动次数有10次,占比0.72%。微震监测数据都处在安全范围内,回采期间无预警现象。
根据以上对承载区段煤柱的稳定性力学分析和数值模拟结果,再结合现场采掘实际情况,得到以下结论:
(1)运顺掘出后承载煤柱受到采空区支承压力和掘巷次生应力重新分布的影响,根据煤柱两侧塑性区宽度,认为掘巷后25 m煤柱处于相对稳定状态。数值模拟结果表明运顺位于支承压力下降但数值仍较高位置,卸压后弹性能释放,冲击危险程度降低。
(2)对于冲击地压矿井,在工作面留设较大尺寸的承载区段煤柱,防治重点在于对巷道两帮进行充分卸压,释放弹性区域积聚的弹性能,并在此基础上加强巷道支护强度和加强超前支护,开采实践证明防冲效果较好。
(3)在埋深小于500 m,煤层上方无厚层坚硬顶板的地质条件下,留较大尺寸的承载区段煤柱在防冲方面是可行的,同时也为矿井水、火等其它灾害防治奠定基础,可为其他同等条件的工作面防冲设计提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52174116)
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.029
  • 接收时间:2022-09-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-08
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174116)
国家自然科学基金(52174116)
作者信息
    1.辽宁工程技术大学 矿业学院,阜新 123000
    2.中煤能源研究院有限责任公司,西安 710054
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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