Article(id=1241687539178852931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1664380800000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970978778, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970978778, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970978778, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970978778, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=184, endPage=190, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687539459871332, articleId=1241687539178852931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Blasting Vibration Signal Denoising based on CEEMDAN-K-means Algorithm, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the problem of noise and information loss in the CEEMDAN method in the denoising process of actual measurement blasting vibration signals, the clustering analysis method is considered to have good data processing ability. Based on the idea of decomposition-clustering-reconstruction, CEEMDAN-K-means algorithm for denoising of blasting vibration signals is proposed. Firstly, this method decomposes the blasting vibration signal by CEEMDAN method to obtain IMF components of different quantity levels. Then, the K-means clustering analysis algorithm is used to classify the IMF components into five different categories, and variance contribution rate verification is used. Finally, the IMF components of high frequency noise category are removed and the reconstructed pure blasting vibration signal is obtained. Taking the blasting vibration signals from an open-pit mine as example, the signal denoising performance of the CEEMDAN-K-means algorithm was evaluated by signal-to-noise ratio and root mean square error indexes. The research results show that compared with the CEEMDAN method and the EMD-wavelet threshold method, the CEEMDAN-K-means signal denoising method has the largest signal-to-noise ratio (20.06 dB), which is increased by 1.26 dB and 7.7 dB, respectively, and the smallest root mean square error (0.22 10-3), indicating that the method not only has good denoising effect, but also has good fidelity. Through the comparison and analysis of the denoising effect of different methods, it is known that on the basis of effectively retaining the real signal component, the CEEMDAN-K-means method can effectively remove the high-frequency components contained in the measured blasting vibration signal, and has practicality and effectiveness in the field of blasting vibration signal denoising.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Yun-peng (1963-), male, Ph. D, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in research on blasting, (E-mail) .
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针对实测爆破振动信号存在噪声和CEEMDAN方法在去噪过程中容易造成信息缺失的问题,考虑聚类分析方法具有良好的数据处理能力,依据分解—聚类—重构的思想,提出了CEEMDAN-K-means算法的爆破振动信号去噪方法。首先,该方法通过CEEMDAN方法分解爆破振动信号获得不同数量级的IMF分量;然后,利用K-means聚类分析算法将IMF分量为五个不同类别并采用方差贡献率校核;最后,剔除高频噪声类别的IMF分量,获得重构的纯净爆破振动信号。以某露天矿爆破振动信号为例,采用信噪比和均方根误差指标,评价了CEEMDAN-K-means算法信号去噪性能。研究结果表明:与CEEMDAN方法和EMD-小波阈值方法相比,CEEMDAN-K-means信号去噪方法信噪比(20.06 dB)最大,分别提高了1.26 dB和7.7 dB,均方根误差(0.22×10-3)最小,说明该方法不仅具有良好的信号去噪效果,也具有较好的保真度。通过对比分析不同方法信号去噪效果可知,在有效保留真实信号成分的基础上,CEEMDAN-K-means方法可以有效去除实测爆破振动信号包含的高频成分,在爆破振动信号去噪领域具有实用性和有效性,为爆破振动信号去噪方法研究提供了新思路。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张云鹏(1963-),男,博士、教授、博士生导师,主要从事爆破领域研究,(E-mail)
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闫鹏(1995-),男,博士研究生,主要从事爆破领域研究,(E-mail)

YAN Peng (1995-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in research on blasting, (E-mail) .

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闫鹏(1995-),男,博士研究生,主要从事爆破领域研究,(E-mail)

YAN Peng (1995-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in research on blasting, (E-mail) .

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闫鹏(1995-),男,博士研究生,主要从事爆破领域研究,(E-mail)

YAN Peng (1995-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in research on blasting, (E-mail) .

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241687552441241975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687539178852931, language=CN, label=图10, caption=CEEMDAN算法去噪前后信号对比, figureFileSmall=M+a2mq4ENlmJFAbxwncN1w==, figureFileBig=r3j5wOnYdx5L8A4CSLYU9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241687552546099584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687539178852931, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Blasting parameters

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台阶高度/m炮孔直径/m孔深/m单段最大药量/kg孔距/m填塞长度/m
121501656078
), ArticleFig(id=1241687552638374274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687539178852931, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台阶高度/m炮孔直径/m孔深/m单段最大药量/kg孔距/m填塞长度/m
121501656078
), ArticleFig(id=1241687552755814792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687539178852931, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variance contribution rate of IMF component

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类别一类别二类别三类别四类别五
0.0130.8320.070.0430.042
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IMF分量方差贡献率

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类别一类别二类别三类别四类别五
0.0130.8320.070.0430.042
), ArticleFig(id=1241687552952947095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687539178852931, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Evaluation indicators of the denoising effect

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去噪方法信噪比/dB均方根误差/×10-3
EMD-小波阈值12.360.52
CEEMDAN18.800.25
CEEMDAN-Kmeans20.060.22
), ArticleFig(id=1241687553049416094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687539178852931, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

去噪效果评价指标

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去噪方法信噪比/dB均方根误差/×10-3
EMD-小波阈值12.360.52
CEEMDAN18.800.25
CEEMDAN-Kmeans20.060.22
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基于CEEMDAN-K-means算法的爆破振动信号去噪研究
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闫鹏 1 , 张云鹏 1, 2 , 田婕 1 , 王晗 1
爆破 | 安全与管理 2023,40(3): 184-190
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023, 40(3): 184-190
基于CEEMDAN-K-means算法的爆破振动信号去噪研究
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闫鹏1 , 张云鹏1, 2 , 田婕1, 王晗1
作者信息
  • 1.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,唐山 063210
  • 2.河北省矿业开发与安全技术重点实验室,唐山 063210
  • 闫鹏(1995-),男,博士研究生,主要从事爆破领域研究,(E-mail)

    YAN Peng (1995-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in research on blasting, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

张云鹏(1963-),男,博士、教授、博士生导师,主要从事爆破领域研究,(E-mail)
Blasting Vibration Signal Denoising based on CEEMDAN-K-means Algorithm
Peng YAN1 , Yun-peng ZHANG1, 2 , Jie TIAN1, Han WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
  • 2.Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mine Development and Safety Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.025
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针对实测爆破振动信号存在噪声和CEEMDAN方法在去噪过程中容易造成信息缺失的问题,考虑聚类分析方法具有良好的数据处理能力,依据分解—聚类—重构的思想,提出了CEEMDAN-K-means算法的爆破振动信号去噪方法。首先,该方法通过CEEMDAN方法分解爆破振动信号获得不同数量级的IMF分量;然后,利用K-means聚类分析算法将IMF分量为五个不同类别并采用方差贡献率校核;最后,剔除高频噪声类别的IMF分量,获得重构的纯净爆破振动信号。以某露天矿爆破振动信号为例,采用信噪比和均方根误差指标,评价了CEEMDAN-K-means算法信号去噪性能。研究结果表明:与CEEMDAN方法和EMD-小波阈值方法相比,CEEMDAN-K-means信号去噪方法信噪比(20.06 dB)最大,分别提高了1.26 dB和7.7 dB,均方根误差(0.22×10-3)最小,说明该方法不仅具有良好的信号去噪效果,也具有较好的保真度。通过对比分析不同方法信号去噪效果可知,在有效保留真实信号成分的基础上,CEEMDAN-K-means方法可以有效去除实测爆破振动信号包含的高频成分,在爆破振动信号去噪领域具有实用性和有效性,为爆破振动信号去噪方法研究提供了新思路。

爆破振动信号  /  CEEMDAN  /  K-means聚类算法  /  去噪

In view of the problem of noise and information loss in the CEEMDAN method in the denoising process of actual measurement blasting vibration signals, the clustering analysis method is considered to have good data processing ability. Based on the idea of decomposition-clustering-reconstruction, CEEMDAN-K-means algorithm for denoising of blasting vibration signals is proposed. Firstly, this method decomposes the blasting vibration signal by CEEMDAN method to obtain IMF components of different quantity levels. Then, the K-means clustering analysis algorithm is used to classify the IMF components into five different categories, and variance contribution rate verification is used. Finally, the IMF components of high frequency noise category are removed and the reconstructed pure blasting vibration signal is obtained. Taking the blasting vibration signals from an open-pit mine as example, the signal denoising performance of the CEEMDAN-K-means algorithm was evaluated by signal-to-noise ratio and root mean square error indexes. The research results show that compared with the CEEMDAN method and the EMD-wavelet threshold method, the CEEMDAN-K-means signal denoising method has the largest signal-to-noise ratio (20.06 dB), which is increased by 1.26 dB and 7.7 dB, respectively, and the smallest root mean square error (0.22 10-3), indicating that the method not only has good denoising effect, but also has good fidelity. Through the comparison and analysis of the denoising effect of different methods, it is known that on the basis of effectively retaining the real signal component, the CEEMDAN-K-means method can effectively remove the high-frequency components contained in the measured blasting vibration signal, and has practicality and effectiveness in the field of blasting vibration signal denoising.

blasting vibration signal  /  CEEMDAN  /  k-means algorithm  /  denoising
闫鹏, 张云鹏, 田婕, 王晗. 基于CEEMDAN-K-means算法的爆破振动信号去噪研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 184 -190 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.025
Peng YAN, Yun-peng ZHANG, Jie TIAN, Han WANG. Blasting Vibration Signal Denoising based on CEEMDAN-K-means Algorithm[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 184 -190 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.025
在采集爆破振动信号过程中,测振仪器容易受到多种因素的干扰,导致爆破振动信号掺杂很多噪声,不利于后续信号时频分析[1-3]。为此,研究学者开展了爆破振动信号去噪研究。王海龙等采用相关性系数筛选优势IMF分量的方法[4],提出了傅里叶分解(fourier decomposition,FDM)和小波包分析相结合的爆破振动信号去噪方法,该方法集成了FDM和小波包的优势,为研究去噪方法提供了新的研究思路。周小龙等通过分析模拟信号和实测信号[5],验证了变分模态分解(variational model decomposition,VMD)结合最大重叠离散小波包变换的信号去噪方法的可行性。付晓强等通过采用峰值误差和相关性系数等评价指标[6],对比了不同方法的信号去噪效果研究发现,稀疏化基线估计消噪(baseline estimation and de-noising with sparsity,BEADS)和隐马尔可夫模型消噪方法(hidden Markov model de-noising,HMMD)分别对低频和高频噪声具有较好的滤除效果。彭亚雄等[7]以3组实测爆破振动信号为例,表明VMD和多尺度排列熵(multi-scale permutation entropy,MPE)方法去噪效果优于其它方法。付晓强等以典型的隧道爆破振动信号为研究对象[8],通过BEADS方法去除了噪声并提取了趋势项信息。为了解决经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)算法存在的模态混叠问题,研究学者提出了自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN)方法[9]。例如,孙苗等通过CEEDAN方法抑制了EMD存在的模态混叠[10],也又有效识别了不同频率的信号信息。陈毅军等提出了样本熵(sample entropy,SE)和CEEMDAN相结合的时频峰值滤波方法抑制信号噪声成分[11]
虽然,现有的信号去噪方法去噪效果较好,但是也存在局限性。傅里叶变换无法辨别时域上信号尖峰来源于噪声还是突变。小波类信号去噪方法存在小波基函数和分解层数的选取具有随机性等不足之处。VMD由于关键参数非最优存在信号分解不足或者过分解。EMD分解得到的不同本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)存在模态混叠。虽然,CEEMDAN解决了EMD算法的模态混叠问题,在一定程度上也避免了残余噪声的影响,但是,该方法在处理部分信号时容易造成信号失真。
作为数据挖掘中经典的聚类算法之一,K-means算法具有计算复杂度低和聚类效果较好等优点[12]。为了解决CEEMDAN方法存在丢失原始信号有效信息的问题,采用K-means聚类算法将CEEMDAN方法分解的IMF分量划分不同的类别,识别有效信息序列和噪声序列,并采用方差贡献率校核后剔除噪声IMF分量序列,并重构有效信息IMF分量序列得到纯净的爆破振动信号。
综上所述,以CEEMDAN信号去噪效果不佳为研究对象,利用K-means算法良好的时间序列聚类效果优势,根据分解—聚类—重构的思想,提出了基于CEEMDAN-K-means算法的爆破振动信号去噪方法,通过采用信噪比和均方根误差指标对比分析与CEEMDAN方法和EMD-小波阈值的去噪效果,并评价该方法在爆破振动信号去噪领域的可行性和有效性。
CEEMDAN-Kmeans算法是K-means算法针对CEEMDAN方法去噪时容易造成信号失真所改进的算法。虽然CEEMDAN方法在信号去噪过程中减轻了EMD方法的模态混叠问题和避免了残余噪声影响,但是,该方法容易造成部分有效信号信息缺失,导致去噪效果相对不够理想。由于爆破振动信号属于典型的时间序列,针对时间序列K-means算法具有良好的聚类效果,因此,可以采用CEEMDAN方法与K-means算法相结合的方法进行信号去噪。CEEMDAN-Kmeans算法流程如图1所示。CEEMDAN-K-means算法步骤如下所示:
(1)在获取的原始爆破振动信号xt)中加入噪声序列得到新信号ht),采用CEEMDAN算法分解新信号ht)获得m个不同的IMF分量,每个IMF分量包含n个样本点hit)。
(2)从IMF分量序列中选取K个IMF分量作为初始聚类中心点δi,其中,δ1δ2δ3,…,δiδ。计算样本点hit)到不同聚类中心点δt欧式距离,欧式距离计算公式为[13]
(3)根据欧式距离最近原则将不同IMF分量划分至不同类别,将每个类别所有样本点均值作为新聚类中心φi,计算聚类目标函数JSSE,目标函数计算公式为[12]
(4)反复执行步骤(2)和(3),若聚类目标函数JSSE达到收敛条件则停止迭代,输出最终聚类结果。
(5)计算不同IMF分量的方差贡献率校核聚类结果,剔除噪声类别并重构有效信息类别获得纯净的爆破振动信号。
露天矿山位于河北省滦州市响堂镇,主要采用中深孔台阶爆破技术开采矿石,为了减少生产爆破对矿山周围村庄的影响,需要定期开展爆破振动监测。矿山生产爆破现场如图2所示。以2022年2月28日采用TC-4850N测振仪采集的生产爆破振动信号为研究对象,开展爆破振动信号去噪研究。该信号采样频率为50 Hz,采样时间为2 s,共计10000个采样点,原始爆破振动信号如图3所示。爆破参数如表1所示。
采用CEEMDAN算法分解原始爆破振动信号,高斯白噪声标准差与原始信号标准差之比为0.2,信号平均次数为100,最大迭代次数为1000,获得14个不同频率的IMF分量和1个残余分量。根据图4可知,噪声对不同分量的影响逐渐降低,其中,IMF1~IMF5分量具备噪声分量的特征,IMF6分量含有部分信号特征,但是也受到了噪声干扰,IMF7~IMF10分量具有和原始信号相似的波形。
为了提高CEEMDAN算法方法的信号重构效率和去噪效果,可将具有相似特征IMF分量划归为一类。采用K-means算法对IMF1~IMF15分量进行聚类分析,剔除噪声分量后重构其它IMF分量获得纯净的信号。不同聚类类别的误差平方和变化(Sum of Squared Error,SSE)如图5所示,随着聚类类别个数不断增加SSE逐渐减小。当聚类类别为5个时,SSE曲线出现转折并且下降趋势逐渐平缓,因此,为了获得更好的聚类效果将聚类类别设置为5。
根据K-means算法聚类分析结果,IMF1~IMF6分量和IMF11~IMF15分量划分为第一类,IMF7分量~IMF10分量分别划分为第二类、第三类、第四类以及第五类。根据不同聚类中心数据统计指标箱线图6所示,不同类别数据分布特征之间的差异性较大,说明K-means算法具有良好的数据识别和聚类分析性能。
类别一重构信号波形如图7所示。与原始爆破振动信号图1相比,第一类IMF分量重构波形相似性较差且具有噪声信息特征,其它类别IMF分量重构波形相似性较好且包含较多原始信号信息,因此,可将第一类IMF分量重构波形初步定义为高频噪声序列,其他类别IMF分量重构波形初步定义为有效信息序列。
为了保证K-means算法聚类分析结果的准确性,采用方差贡献率进行校核[13]。方差贡献率η计算公式如下所示
式中:Ki为方差;xin维向量。
不同类别的方差贡献率如表2所示。与类别一相比,其它类别的IMF分量方差贡献率明显较高,尤其是第二类别的IMF分量方差贡献率达到了83.2%,说明方差贡献率的分析结果和K-means算法聚类分析的结论相同,因此,可以将类别一认定为噪声序列,其他类别IMF分量重构波形认定为有效信息序列。
将类别一高频噪声序列剔除,重构第二类、第三类、第四类以及第五类IMF分量得到去噪后的纯净爆破振动信号如图8所示。根据图8可知,采用CEEMDAN-K-means算法去噪后的纯净信号和原始信号相比,波形特征具有较高的相似性,说明该方法基本消除了原始信号中的噪声信息,并且保留了原始信号的有效信息。根据图9图10所示,与CEEMDAN-K-means算法去噪后信号相比,虽然,EMD-小波阈值和CEEMDAN方法也具有一定的去噪效果并去除了部分高频噪声,但是,去噪后信号与原始信号波形相似性较差。
为了验证CEEMDAN-K-means算法的信号去噪效果,采用CEEMDAN方法和EMD-小波阈值方法分别对原始信号进行去噪,通过信噪比[14](signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)和均方根误差[15](root mean square error,RMSE)指标评价三种方法的去噪效果。SNR和RMSE计算公式如下所示
不同方法的信号去噪效果评价指标如表3所示。通过分析三种方法的信号去噪评价指标发现,三种方法均具有良好的去噪效果,但是,CEEMDAN-K-means算法的信号去噪效果明显优于其它方法,该方法的信噪比最大,均方根误差最小,说明去噪后的信号更好地保留了原始信号信息,与原始信号具有较高的相似度。因此,CEEMDAN-K-means算法在爆破振动信号领域具有一定的优越性,可以有效去除原始信号中存在的噪声成分。
(1)CEEMDAN-Kmeans信号去噪方法有效识别了爆破振动信号中真实信号信息和噪声信息,去噪后的纯净信号波形与原始信号具有较高的相似性,为爆破振动信号去噪研究提供了一种新的研究思路。
(2)与CEEMDAN方法和EMD-小波阈值方法相比,CEEMDAN-K-means方法的信号去噪效果评价指标最优,有效去除了原始信号中存在的噪声信息,该方法在爆破振动信号去噪领域具有较高的实用性。
  • 河北省自然科学基金(E2016209388)
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.025
  • 接收时间:2022-09-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-29
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2016209388)
河北省自然科学基金(E2016209388)
作者信息
    1.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,唐山 063210
    2.河北省矿业开发与安全技术重点实验室,唐山 063210

通讯作者:

张云鹏(1963-),男,博士、教授、博士生导师,主要从事爆破领域研究,(E-mail)
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.025
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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