Article(id=1241687537912173051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1644422400000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970978477, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970978477, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970978477, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970978477, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=24, endPage=30, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687538184802823, articleId=1241687537912173051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Blocking Structure Performance of Bag-type under Impact, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the high-quality requirements for large-diameter deep-hole blasting, and the traditional stemming material being too long and prone to “blowout”, a new type of blasting hole stemming material was proposed using early strength cement mortar and a bag-like structure. Static mechanical tests and blockage model tests under impact loads were conducted on cement slurry with different admixture contents and ages, and the self-shrinkage performance, compressive strength, and passive confinement pressure of the cement mortar under impact loads were analyzed to determine the dynamic mechanical properties of the early strength cement mortar under passive confinement. The stress characteristics of the stemming material in the blasting hole under the pressure of the blasting gas were also analyzed to provide a reasonable stemming length for large-diameter deep-hole blasting. The results showed that the self-shrinkage of the test piece increased with the increase of admixture content. The compressive strength of the test piece increased with the increase of age and decreased with the increase of admixture content. With the increase of admixture content and age, the expansion pressure increased, resulting in an increase in passive confinement pressure. When the admixture content was 4%, and the age was 16 hours, the expansion pressure reached its peak at each measuring point. Additionally, with the increase of admixture content, the porosity of the slurry increased, the axial compressibility of the blocking material increased, and the acting time of the blasting gas pressure in the blasting hole was prolonged, which improved the stemming quality. Comprehensive on-site test results have shown that the stemming length, reasonably selected based on the derived theoretical formula and combined with on-site production, ensures safe production during the mining period, and achieves good results in deep-hole blasting.

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ZONG Qi (1962-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in the study of blasting, impact dynamics and underground engineering construction, (E-mail) .
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针对大直径深孔爆破要求质量高、传统堵塞材料长度过长且容易“冲孔”,提出以早强水泥砂浆为堵塞材料,选用囊袋式结构作为新型炮孔堵塞物。对不同掺加剂含量、不同龄期的水泥浆进行了静态力学试验与冲击荷载作用下的堵塞模型试验,通过试验得到在不同变量下水泥砂浆的自收缩性能、抗压强度与冲击荷载作用下管壁的被动围压,分析被动围压下早强水泥砂浆的动态力学特性;分析爆生气体压力作用下堵塞物在炮孔中受力特性,给出大直径深孔炮孔合理堵塞长度。结果表明:试件的自收缩随着掺加剂含量的提高而增大;试件抗压强度随着龄期的增长而增大,掺加剂含量的提高而减小;随着掺加剂的含量和龄期的增加,膨胀压力增大,从而被动围压增大,当掺加剂含量为4%、16 h龄期时,各个测点的膨胀压力达到峰值,另外随着掺加剂含量的提高,浆液的孔隙增多,堵塞体轴向可压缩性越高,能够延长爆生气体压力在炮孔中作用时间,提高堵塞质量;综合现场试验结果表明,依据所推导理论公式结合现场生产合理选取爆破堵塞长度保证了回采期间的安全生产,深孔爆破取得了良好的效果。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
宗琦(1962-),男,博士、教授,主要从事爆破与冲击动力学、地下工程施工方面的研究,(E-mail)
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段继超(1997-),男,博士研究生,主要从事爆破与冲击动力学方面的研究,(E-mail)

DUAN Ji-chao (1997-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in the study of blasting and impact dynamics, (E-mail) .

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段继超(1997-),男,博士研究生,主要从事爆破与冲击动力学方面的研究,(E-mail)

DUAN Ji-chao (1997-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in the study of blasting and impact dynamics, (E-mail) .

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段继超(1997-),男,博士研究生,主要从事爆破与冲击动力学方面的研究,(E-mail)

DUAN Ji-chao (1997-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in the study of blasting and impact dynamics, (E-mail) .

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Technical University, Otaniemi-Helsinki, Acta Polytechnica Scand Inanca, 1987., articleTitle=The behavior of rock under impulse loads -A study using Hopkinson split Bar Method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241687553200411045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687537912173051, awardId=5207400951404010, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(5207400951404010), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241687553305268653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687537912173051, awardId=5207400951404010, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(5207400951404010), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241687554819412404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687537912173051, awardId=KJ2017ZD11, language=EN, fundingSource=major project of natural science research in colleges and universities in Anhui Province(KJ2017ZD11), fundOrder=null, 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Parameters of static mechanical properties of plugging slurry

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龄期/d掺加剂含量/%密度/(g·cm-3波速/(m·s-1抗压强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比
201.992409.1717.091.500.31
22.002441.8216.450.950.29
32.021950.0115.160.930.26
301.972768.4519.571.380.21
21.993000.4317.352.190.21
32.002771.5416.121.080.20
41.982609.6614.011.200.14
502.023177.5224.673.500.24
21.993601.4718.691.100.32
32.023431.2116.941.470.23
42.003426.6815.892.310.33
702.003342.9228.742.710.16
21.983419.1521.161.570.22
32.023355.0718.641.550.30
42.013234.4317.101.080.24
), ArticleFig(id=1241687552885838225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687537912173051, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

堵塞浆液静态力学性能参数

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龄期/d掺加剂含量/%密度/(g·cm-3波速/(m·s-1抗压强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比
201.992409.1717.091.500.31
22.002441.8216.450.950.29
32.021950.0115.160.930.26
301.972768.4519.571.380.21
21.993000.4317.352.190.21
32.002771.5416.121.080.20
41.982609.6614.011.200.14
502.023177.5224.673.500.24
21.993601.4718.691.100.32
32.023431.2116.941.470.23
42.003426.6815.892.310.33
702.003342.9228.742.710.16
21.983419.1521.161.570.22
32.023355.0718.641.550.30
42.013234.4317.101.080.24
), ArticleFig(id=1241687552978112921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687537912173051, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Blasting parameter

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序号炮孔长度/m倾角/°装药量/kg装药长度/m堵塞计算长度/m实际长度/m
1#374789.124.869.4310.0
2#5823158.444.209.3810.0
3#999277.277.3610.1015.0
4#405899.027.639.4610.0
5#5043128.735.929.7011.0
6#443092.425.7811.7016.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241687553082970526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241687537912173051, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号炮孔长度/m倾角/°装药量/kg装药长度/m堵塞计算长度/m实际长度/m
1#374789.124.869.4310.0
2#5823158.444.209.3810.0
3#999277.277.3610.1015.0
4#405899.027.639.4610.0
5#5043128.735.929.7011.0
6#443092.425.7811.7016.0
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冲击作用下囊袋式炮孔堵塞结构性能试验研究
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段继超 , 宗琦 , 汪海波 , 王梦想
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023,40(3): 24-30
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023, 40(3): 24-30
冲击作用下囊袋式炮孔堵塞结构性能试验研究
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段继超 , 宗琦 , 汪海波, 王梦想
作者信息
  • 安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,淮南 232001
  • 段继超(1997-),男,博士研究生,主要从事爆破与冲击动力学方面的研究,(E-mail)

    DUAN Ji-chao (1997-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in the study of blasting and impact dynamics, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

宗琦(1962-),男,博士、教授,主要从事爆破与冲击动力学、地下工程施工方面的研究,(E-mail)
Experimental Study on Blocking Structure Performance of Bag-type under Impact
Ji-chao DUAN , Qi ZONG , Hai-bo WANG, Meng-xiang WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.004
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针对大直径深孔爆破要求质量高、传统堵塞材料长度过长且容易“冲孔”,提出以早强水泥砂浆为堵塞材料,选用囊袋式结构作为新型炮孔堵塞物。对不同掺加剂含量、不同龄期的水泥浆进行了静态力学试验与冲击荷载作用下的堵塞模型试验,通过试验得到在不同变量下水泥砂浆的自收缩性能、抗压强度与冲击荷载作用下管壁的被动围压,分析被动围压下早强水泥砂浆的动态力学特性;分析爆生气体压力作用下堵塞物在炮孔中受力特性,给出大直径深孔炮孔合理堵塞长度。结果表明:试件的自收缩随着掺加剂含量的提高而增大;试件抗压强度随着龄期的增长而增大,掺加剂含量的提高而减小;随着掺加剂的含量和龄期的增加,膨胀压力增大,从而被动围压增大,当掺加剂含量为4%、16 h龄期时,各个测点的膨胀压力达到峰值,另外随着掺加剂含量的提高,浆液的孔隙增多,堵塞体轴向可压缩性越高,能够延长爆生气体压力在炮孔中作用时间,提高堵塞质量;综合现场试验结果表明,依据所推导理论公式结合现场生产合理选取爆破堵塞长度保证了回采期间的安全生产,深孔爆破取得了良好的效果。

早强水泥砂浆  /  掺加剂  /  龄期  /  被动围压  /  堵塞长度

In response to the high-quality requirements for large-diameter deep-hole blasting, and the traditional stemming material being too long and prone to “blowout”, a new type of blasting hole stemming material was proposed using early strength cement mortar and a bag-like structure. Static mechanical tests and blockage model tests under impact loads were conducted on cement slurry with different admixture contents and ages, and the self-shrinkage performance, compressive strength, and passive confinement pressure of the cement mortar under impact loads were analyzed to determine the dynamic mechanical properties of the early strength cement mortar under passive confinement. The stress characteristics of the stemming material in the blasting hole under the pressure of the blasting gas were also analyzed to provide a reasonable stemming length for large-diameter deep-hole blasting. The results showed that the self-shrinkage of the test piece increased with the increase of admixture content. The compressive strength of the test piece increased with the increase of age and decreased with the increase of admixture content. With the increase of admixture content and age, the expansion pressure increased, resulting in an increase in passive confinement pressure. When the admixture content was 4%, and the age was 16 hours, the expansion pressure reached its peak at each measuring point. Additionally, with the increase of admixture content, the porosity of the slurry increased, the axial compressibility of the blocking material increased, and the acting time of the blasting gas pressure in the blasting hole was prolonged, which improved the stemming quality. Comprehensive on-site test results have shown that the stemming length, reasonably selected based on the derived theoretical formula and combined with on-site production, ensures safe production during the mining period, and achieves good results in deep-hole blasting.

early strength cement mortar  /  additives  /  cement age  /  passive confining pressure  /  stemming length
段继超, 宗琦, 汪海波, 王梦想. 冲击作用下囊袋式炮孔堵塞结构性能试验研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 24 -30 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.004
Ji-chao DUAN, Qi ZONG, Hai-bo WANG, Meng-xiang WANG. Experimental Study on Blocking Structure Performance of Bag-type under Impact[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 24 -30 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.004
在煤矿采掘过程中,大直径深孔爆破广泛应用于瓦斯增透[1]、厚硬顶板控制和冲击地压防治等[2,3]。炮孔堵塞材料是影响大直径深孔爆破效果的重要参数之一,合理的炮孔堵塞材料以及堵塞长度能够延长爆生气体作用时间,提高炸药的能量利用率,降低炸药单耗和空气冲击波,减少飞石,获得更好的爆破效果[4-6]。传统炮孔堵塞材料如岩粉无法应用在向上炮孔,粘土存在操作繁琐、劳动强度大的缺点。聚氨酯材料作为新型炮孔封堵材料[7],相比较以往的传统封堵材料,初始状态为液态,流动性好,可适用于各种炮孔的封堵。陆丽园等通过采用拉拔法与推出法[8],分别测试了聚氨酯封孔材料与粘土封堵材料的粘结力,得出聚氨酯封孔材料的力学性能优异,明显优于传统堵塞材料,上官剑铭等使用新的炮孔堵塞材料组合(高效水泡泥+聚氨酯发泡胶)所形成的炮孔堵塞物[9],较传统堵塞材料延长了爆轰气体的作用时间。但在反应过程中温度较高,且受用量、环境温度等的影响,存在一定的危险性。
近年来,囊袋式注浆封孔广泛应用于瓦斯抽采孔的堵塞。鉴于此良好的密闭效果,也可应用于炮孔堵塞,为进一步指导囊袋式注浆封孔堵塞参数设计,提出以早强水泥砂浆为堵塞材料,选用囊袋式结构作为新型炮孔堵塞物,对不同掺加剂含量、不同龄期的水泥浆进行了静态力学试验与冲击作用下囊袋式炮孔堵塞结构性能试验研究。分析被动围压下早强水泥砂浆的动态力学特性结合爆生气体压力作用下堵塞物在炮孔中受力特性,给出大直径深孔炮孔合理堵塞长度,为工程爆破实践提供一些有益的参考。
囊袋式封孔装置利用注浆管首先向复合囊袋注入一定配比的早强水泥浆液,此浆液具有膨胀性,待囊袋中达到一定压力后,两个囊袋之间的钻孔段被鼓起来的两个囊袋密封起来。当囊袋及注浆管中的压力达到预计压力,爆破阀自动打开。浆液经爆破阀进入到两个囊袋之间的密闭空间,封堵钻孔空间。随着浆液的不断注入,钻孔空间中浆液的压力升高,浆液向钻孔壁渗透并填充钻孔周边裂隙,实现高效封孔,原理如图1所示。
囊袋式封孔装置带压注浆方法的优点是实现了钻孔壁注浆,浆液固结后支护钻孔[10];在注浆压力的作用下浆液进入钻壁裂隙进行封堵,浆液向炮孔壁渗透并填充周边裂隙,凝固后的注浆材料发生微膨胀,堵塞体与孔壁之间变得密实,增大了堵塞体与孔壁的摩擦力,有利于提高堵塞效果。
实验材料选用普通硅酸盐水泥(P·O42.5),自来水。配合比为水泥∶水=1∶0.3,掺加剂含量分别为水泥质量的0%、2%、3%、4%。根据ASTMC1698采用波纹管法测试水泥浆早期的自收缩性能[11],试件采用长度420 mm、外径32 mm的波纹管密封成型。测量了四种掺加剂含量水泥浆试件的7 d龄期自收缩值,如图2所示。
结果表明,随着掺加剂含量提高自收缩越大。随着掺加剂含量的提高,浆液微膨胀在22 h达到峰值。至32 h浆液微膨胀程度降低,在32 h后浆液缓慢微膨胀。因为水化反应到第一天时结束,水化产物已经进入到稳定扩散期,微观结构致密化。与此同时,掺加剂极大地增加了水泥浆的早期收缩量,尤其是从初凝开始的第一天内。未添加掺加剂的试件,在第一天内水化膨胀,随着水化反应的结束,高小建等研究表明混凝土初凝开始测量的6~8 h内自收缩发展均较快[12],1 d龄期后混凝土的自收缩速率逐渐减慢,与上述的试验结果相吻合。所以尽量在浆液收缩之前进行爆破作业,在第22 h时膨胀率最高,这时堵塞体与孔壁的之间接触最为紧密,增大了堵塞体与孔壁的摩擦力,有利于提高堵塞效果。
制作了ϕ 50mm×100mm的圆柱体堵塞浆液试件,每组12个,总计48个。测得试件的密度、波速、抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比等平均值见表1
根据所测试件的平均抗压强度绘制了在不同掺加剂含量下试件的抗压强度与龄期的关系,如图3所示。
根据拟合的函数关系可知,试件的抗压强度随着龄期的增长而增大,试件的抗压强度随着掺加剂含量的提高而减小,无掺加剂试件的抗压强度在同一龄期下抗压强度最大。可以看出掺加剂有抑制浆液早期强度发展的作用,由堵塞浆液自收缩试验得到,随着掺加剂含量的提高浆液微膨胀程度增大,浆液的孔隙增多,试件抗压强度降低。
动载作用下囊袋式堵塞结构的力学特征采用被动围压SHPB试验装置进行,Hopkkinson压杆(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar简称SHPB)实验装置在研究中、高应变率加载条件下材料的力学行为方面发挥了重要作用。研究采用直径50mm变截面SHPB试验装置,对钢制套筒环向约束状态下早强水泥砂浆试件进行不同加载速率冲击压缩试验,分析被动围压下早强水泥砂浆的动态力学特性。其基本原理如图4图5所示。
试验过程中套筒受力一直处于弹性状态,且不计刚体位移、不考虑注浆体和管壁间的摩擦力。承受内压的薄壁圆筒其内径为D,壁厚度为ttD),内压为P,则作用于钢管横截面的切向应力与径向应力στσr分别为[12,13]
式中:στ为切向应力,GPa;σr为径向应力,GPa;σ1为管壁的环向应力,GPa;σ3为注浆体受到钢管施加的被动围压,GPa;t为钢管的壁厚,mm。
由式(1)、(2)可得
试件在囊袋内注浆浇筑,被动围压套筒采用镀锌钢加工而成,内径55 mm、壁厚1 mm、高度400 mm。试件浇筑成直径为50 mm、高度300 mm的圆柱体试件。囊袋面积取0.5 m×0.2 m,其中短边紧贴内壁,环绕一周,在接口处缝制,缝制搭接长度10 mm。浆液配制搅拌好后注入囊袋中,钢管里浇筑300 mm长的堵塞体,使用50 mm高的圆型垫块塞入钢管底部预留出50 mm,钢管顶部同样预留50 mm不用浇筑。根据堵塞位置每隔60 mm张贴环向应变片,将应变片按冲击的端部依次从1#到5#,采集套筒环向应变波形。被动围压套筒与压杆位置关系如图6所示。试件与压杆端面之间涂抹薄薄一层凡士林作为润滑剂,以降低压杆对试件端面的约束作用。试验中,设置不同的掺加剂含量(水泥质量的0%、2%、3%、4%)和龄期(12 h、16 h),以研究试件掺加剂含量和龄期对被动围压的影响。
试件被动围压条件下各测点的被动围压与掺加剂含量、龄期的关系如图7所示。
随着掺加剂含量的增加,各测点膨胀压力先减小后增大,可以看出掺加剂含量为4%时各个测点的膨胀压力达到峰值。掺加剂含量一定时随着龄期的增加各测点的膨胀压力也增加。当掺加剂含量为4%、12小时龄期时,1到5号测点的数值依次为1.957 MPa、2.128 MPa、1.689 MPa、1.873 MPa、1.803 MPa;当掺加剂含量为4%、16小时龄期时,1到5号测点的数值依次为2.241 MPa、2.478 MPa、1.817 MPa、2.054 MPa、1.99 MPa。可以看出无论是在12 h龄期还是16 h龄期,在2号测点都达到峰值,而到3号测点降到最小值,分别降低了20.63%和29.50%,随着掺加剂和龄期的增加,2号测点至3号测点膨胀压力减少的幅度也随着增大。
在一定程度内,随着掺加剂的含量和龄期的增加,膨胀压力增大。同时根据堵塞浆液自收缩试验得到,随着掺加剂含量的提高,浆液微膨胀程度增大,浆液的孔隙增多,堵塞体轴向可压缩性越高。在受到爆炸作用时,选择掺加剂的含量和龄期较高的堵塞体可以消耗更多的爆炸能量,能够延长爆生气体压力在炮孔中作用时间,提高堵塞质量。
炸药爆炸后,爆生气体压力经过压缩粉碎区快速衰减,衰减后冲击堵塞体。根据生产实践,大直径深孔爆破后,堵塞体应不发生位移,即衰减后的爆生气体压力应不大于摩擦力的总和,其中包括冲击波对堵塞体正向压力、膨胀压力产生的侧向压力和堵塞体与炮孔壁之间的摩擦力。炮孔堵塞物力学模型见图8
对爆生气体作用下的堵塞体受力分析得[14]
式中:d为炮孔直径,m;P为炮孔内爆生气体压力,Pa;f为堵塞物与孔壁的静摩擦系数;ld为堵塞物长度,m;FW为炮孔壁对堵塞体的围压,MPa;λ为侧向压力系数,λ=μd/1-μdμd为岩石动态泊松比,在工程爆破加载率范围内,μd=0.8μμ为岩石静态泊松比;θ为炮孔倾角,°m为堵塞物质量,kg;ρ1为堵塞体密度,kg/m3
炮孔中装药爆炸后,将在岩石中炮孔壁周围形成压缩粉碎圈,之后爆生气体充满炮孔空间,在这个过程中爆生气体呈准静态的压力状态,可近似为理想气体,炮孔体积的增大是压缩粉碎区域。在堵塞物在冲出炮孔前,爆生气体压力P随堵塞物运动而衰减的规律为[15]
式中:γ为爆轰产物的膨胀绝热指数,一般取γ=3;Pa为爆生气体充满炮孔瞬间对炮孔壁的初始冲击载荷,Pa;V0为炮孔中除去堵塞段后炮孔的体积,m3V1为压缩粉碎区形成后炮孔增加的体积,m3
式中:lb为炮孔的长度,m;lc为装药长度,m;DC为粉碎圈直径,m。
爆破采用不耦合装药[16],岩石中的透射冲击波压力为
式中:P0为透射入岩石中的冲击波初始压力,MPa;K为装药径向不耦合系数,K=d/dcdc为装药直径,mm;le为装药轴向系数,le=1表示轴向不留空气柱;n为炸药爆炸产物膨胀碰撞炮孔壁时的压力增大系数,一般取n=10;ρ0为炸药的密度,kg/m3D为炸药爆速,m/s。
爆破采用不耦合装药时则相应的粉碎区半径R1[17]
式中:α为应力波衰减系数,在冲击波区α=2+μd/1-μdσcd为单轴动态抗压强度,,MPa;rb为炮孔半径,mm。
联立式(4)、(6)、(9)、(11)得
试验选择在新集二矿210108工作面进行,通过改变爆破参数优化深孔爆破顶板弱化问题,试验前测定试块密度为2695 kg/m3,单轴抗压强度92.3 MPa,岩性主要为粉砂岩、中砂岩、中-细砂岩、细粒砂岩,整体性好。试验分为6组,每组3个孔,炮孔孔径75 mm,堵塞物选用囊袋式结构水泥砂浆,FW=2.12 MPa,ρ1=2000 kg/m3f=0.4,μd=0.176,λ=0.22。炸药采用三级煤矿许用炸药,dc=63 mm,ρ0=1150 kg/m3D=3600 m/s。工程爆破中,岩石的加载率在100~104 s-1之间[18],此处取。具体爆破参数见表2
根据理论计算结果,根据现场情况炮孔堵塞长度合理选取,1#、2#、4#炮孔试验堵塞长度取10 m;5#炮孔试验堵塞长度取11 m;3#3个炮孔堵塞长度分别取12 m、14 m、15 m;6#3个炮孔堵塞长度分别取13 m、15 m、16 m;进行深孔爆破强制放顶试验,对工作面矿压显现特征监测与分析,当1#、2#、4#炮孔试验堵塞长度取10 m,5#炮孔试验堵塞长度取11 m,3#、6#炮孔堵塞长度分别选取15 m、16 m时,综合结果表明:合理的炮孔堵塞长度保证了回采期间的安全生产,深孔爆破取得了良好的效果。
(1)合理的堵塞材料应该满足强度高、摩擦力大等特点。本文以早强水泥砂浆为堵塞材料展开研究,研究结果表明,随着掺加剂含量的提高,浆液的孔隙增多,堵塞体轴向可压缩性越高,当掺加剂含量为4%、16 h龄期时,堵塞体被动围压达到峰值,此时能够延长爆生气体压力在炮孔中作用时间,提升堵塞质量。
(2)随着龄期的提高,堵塞体的抗压强度提高,但是堵塞体32 h龄期时堵塞体出现自收缩,由于材料的泊松作用,堵塞体径向对炮孔壁的压力减小,为保证堵塞效果应在自收缩前起爆。
(3)结合实际生产,依据所推导理论公式结合现场生产合理选取爆破堵塞长度,没有出现冲孔、巷道偏帮等问题,对煤矿大直径深孔爆破炮孔堵塞具有一定的指导意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(5207400951404010)
  • 安徽省高校自然科学研究重大项目(KJ2017ZD11)
  • 安徽理工大学研究生创新基金项目(2021CX2034)
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.004
  • 接收时间:2022-02-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-10
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(5207400951404010)
国家自然科学基金项目(5207400951404010)
major project of natural science research in colleges and universities in Anhui Province(KJ2017ZD11)
安徽省高校自然科学研究重大项目(KJ2017ZD11)
graduate Innovation Fund Project of Anhui University of Science and Technology(2021CX2034)
安徽理工大学研究生创新基金项目(2021CX2034)
作者信息
    安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,淮南 232001

通讯作者:

宗琦(1962-),男,博士、教授,主要从事爆破与冲击动力学、地下工程施工方面的研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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