Article(id=1241687533780792221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1675699200000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970977491, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1693497600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970977491, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970977491, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970977491, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241687532522492319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970977192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773971036114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687779722187606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241687532522492319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=229, endPage=235, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241687534040839072, articleId=1241687533780792221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Construction of Virtual Simulation Experiment for Teaching of Blasting Demolition of Concrete Chimney, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the teaching of demolition blasting, the structure modeling period and the cost of single experiment are both too excessive, and the experiment cannot be repeated in a short time. In addition, the experiment is transient, irreversible, and dangerous, which is not conducive to close observation and learning. Aiming at the difficult problems of experimental teaching in blasting demolition engineering, a platform of virtual simulation experiment is established for teaching design schemes. Firstly, through the two interactive operation links of “toppling scheme selection” and “cut design”, the learners can master the basis for the selection of toppling scheme and the design method of blasting cut, and understand the design content of blasting cut such as cut shape, orientation window and positioning window. It is easy by the platform for the learners to understand the stress conditions for cut design according to the mechanical principle of chimney toppling. They also should be familiar with the knowledge of tension zone, compression zone and neutral axis, and master the calculation formula of the extreme stress of the cut section and the application of strength conditions. Secondly, the platform system can make the learners participate in the design of powder factor, blast hole parameters and initiation network through “blasting parameter design”, and correctly select the detonators inside and outside hole. Then, through the interactive learning of “safety check” and “arrangement of shock absorption measures”, the learners can master the data collection steps, the safety check methods and measures to control the negative blasting effects. Finally, the learners can experience the on-site blasting operation process by the “blasting site” module, and gradually establish their understanding of the blasting operation process by participating in the design and organizing each construction step. In addition, the experimental system has a knowledge introduction for each module, which is convenient for learners to learn independently. The construction of the virtual simulation experiment platform not only optimizes the teaching methods, but also improves the teaching quality, and enriches the characteristics and innovative ideas of the experiment teaching of engineering blasting.

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工程爆破教学中,拆除爆破构筑物建模周期长,单次实验费用消耗高,短期内无法重复实验。另外,实验本身瞬态不可逆,且危险性高,不利于近距离观察与学习。针对爆破拆除工程中实验教学的难点问题,从虚拟仿真教学实验的设计方案出发,建立了虚拟仿真教学实验平台系统。首先通过“倾倒方案选择”和“切口设计”两个环节的互动操作,让学习者掌握倾倒方案选择的依据以及爆破切口的设计方法,理解切口形状、导向窗与定向窗等爆破切口设计内容。根据烟囱倾倒的力学原理,分析切口设计要满足应力条件,熟悉受拉区、受压区以及中性轴知识,掌握切口截面应力极值的计算公式以及强度条件的应用;其次,通过“爆破参数设计”让学习者参与炸药单耗、炮孔参数及起爆网路的设计与连线,正确选择孔内外雷管段别;随后,学习者通过“安全校核”与“减震措施布置”两个环节的交互学习,掌握数据采集的步骤,学习安全校核的方法以及设置控制爆破负面效应的措施;最后,学习者进入“爆破现场”模块并亲身体会现场起爆操作过程,通过参与设计、组织施工中的每个步骤,并逐渐建立对爆破作业流程的认知。另外,实验系统对于每个模块都设置有知识介绍,便于学习者自主学习。虚拟仿真实验平台的建设不仅优化了教学方法,而且提高了教学质量,同时丰富了工程爆破实验教学特色与创新思路。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xxmV/DGadonNuvAODiqEkg==, magXml=gznAlGXexW8+jlyeCVPFRw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2CcmDjvQDZbla4qbNmfYSw==, pdfFileSize=9954987, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lylr2CzVol0fCPLYxte7zw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6ukMM01yUUYyZQzIFskJcw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴亮(1980-),男,博士、副教授,主要从事工程爆破与岩石动力学研究与教学方面的工作,(E-mail)

WU Liang (1980-), male, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in research and teaching of engineering blasting and rock dynamics, (E-mail) .

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吴亮(1980-),男,博士、副教授,主要从事工程爆破与岩石动力学研究与教学方面的工作,(E-mail)

WU Liang (1980-), male, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in research and teaching of engineering blasting and rock dynamics, (E-mail) .

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吴亮(1980-),男,博士、副教授,主要从事工程爆破与岩石动力学研究与教学方面的工作,(E-mail)

WU Liang (1980-), male, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in research and teaching of engineering blasting and rock dynamics, (E-mail) .

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混凝土烟囱爆破拆除工程教学的虚拟仿真实验建设
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吴亮 1 , 段卫东 1 , 蔡路军 1 , 周俊汝 1 , 蒋培 1 , 严鹏 2
爆破 | 安全与管理 2023,40(3): 229-235
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023, 40(3): 229-235
混凝土烟囱爆破拆除工程教学的虚拟仿真实验建设
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吴亮1 , 段卫东1, 蔡路军1, 周俊汝1, 蒋培1, 严鹏2
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学 理学院 湖北省智能爆破工程技术研究中心,武汉 430065
  • 2.武汉大学 水利水电学院,武汉 430072
  • 吴亮(1980-),男,博士、副教授,主要从事工程爆破与岩石动力学研究与教学方面的工作,(E-mail)

    WU Liang (1980-), male, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in research and teaching of engineering blasting and rock dynamics, (E-mail) .

Construction of Virtual Simulation Experiment for Teaching of Blasting Demolition of Concrete Chimney
Liang WU1 , Wei-dong DUAN1, Lu-jun CAI1, Jun-ru ZHOU1, Pei JIANG1, Peng YAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Hubei Provincial Intelligent Blasting Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 2.Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydro-Electric Power, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
出版时间: 2023-09-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.032
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工程爆破教学中,拆除爆破构筑物建模周期长,单次实验费用消耗高,短期内无法重复实验。另外,实验本身瞬态不可逆,且危险性高,不利于近距离观察与学习。针对爆破拆除工程中实验教学的难点问题,从虚拟仿真教学实验的设计方案出发,建立了虚拟仿真教学实验平台系统。首先通过“倾倒方案选择”和“切口设计”两个环节的互动操作,让学习者掌握倾倒方案选择的依据以及爆破切口的设计方法,理解切口形状、导向窗与定向窗等爆破切口设计内容。根据烟囱倾倒的力学原理,分析切口设计要满足应力条件,熟悉受拉区、受压区以及中性轴知识,掌握切口截面应力极值的计算公式以及强度条件的应用;其次,通过“爆破参数设计”让学习者参与炸药单耗、炮孔参数及起爆网路的设计与连线,正确选择孔内外雷管段别;随后,学习者通过“安全校核”与“减震措施布置”两个环节的交互学习,掌握数据采集的步骤,学习安全校核的方法以及设置控制爆破负面效应的措施;最后,学习者进入“爆破现场”模块并亲身体会现场起爆操作过程,通过参与设计、组织施工中的每个步骤,并逐渐建立对爆破作业流程的认知。另外,实验系统对于每个模块都设置有知识介绍,便于学习者自主学习。虚拟仿真实验平台的建设不仅优化了教学方法,而且提高了教学质量,同时丰富了工程爆破实验教学特色与创新思路。

爆破拆除  /  混凝土烟囱  /  虚拟仿真实验  /  教学设计  /  力学教学改革

In the teaching of demolition blasting, the structure modeling period and the cost of single experiment are both too excessive, and the experiment cannot be repeated in a short time. In addition, the experiment is transient, irreversible, and dangerous, which is not conducive to close observation and learning. Aiming at the difficult problems of experimental teaching in blasting demolition engineering, a platform of virtual simulation experiment is established for teaching design schemes. Firstly, through the two interactive operation links of “toppling scheme selection” and “cut design”, the learners can master the basis for the selection of toppling scheme and the design method of blasting cut, and understand the design content of blasting cut such as cut shape, orientation window and positioning window. It is easy by the platform for the learners to understand the stress conditions for cut design according to the mechanical principle of chimney toppling. They also should be familiar with the knowledge of tension zone, compression zone and neutral axis, and master the calculation formula of the extreme stress of the cut section and the application of strength conditions. Secondly, the platform system can make the learners participate in the design of powder factor, blast hole parameters and initiation network through “blasting parameter design”, and correctly select the detonators inside and outside hole. Then, through the interactive learning of “safety check” and “arrangement of shock absorption measures”, the learners can master the data collection steps, the safety check methods and measures to control the negative blasting effects. Finally, the learners can experience the on-site blasting operation process by the “blasting site” module, and gradually establish their understanding of the blasting operation process by participating in the design and organizing each construction step. In addition, the experimental system has a knowledge introduction for each module, which is convenient for learners to learn independently. The construction of the virtual simulation experiment platform not only optimizes the teaching methods, but also improves the teaching quality, and enriches the characteristics and innovative ideas of the experiment teaching of engineering blasting.

blasting demolition  /  concrete chimney  /  virtual simulation experiment  /  instructional design  /  mechanics teaching reform
吴亮, 段卫东, 蔡路军, 周俊汝, 蒋培, 严鹏. 混凝土烟囱爆破拆除工程教学的虚拟仿真实验建设. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (3) : 229 -235 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.032
Liang WU, Wei-dong DUAN, Lu-jun CAI, Jun-ru ZHOU, Pei JIANG, Peng YAN. Construction of Virtual Simulation Experiment for Teaching of Blasting Demolition of Concrete Chimney[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (3) : 229 -235 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.032
近年来,随着国家“上大压小,节能减排”政策的进一步实施,在城市建设以及厂矿企业的改、扩建工程中,施工环境越来越复杂,爆破作业要求也逐渐提高。特别是在2021年国务院政府工作报告中指出,为应对全球气候变化问题,制定了2030年前碳排放达峰行动方案,许多高污染生产单位的高耸建(构)筑物亟待拆除,同时社会对爆破技术人才的专业素质要求也逐步提高。因此,培养与社会需求相适应的爆破专业技术人才队伍,显得尤为迫切。
为了更好地培养爆破专业技术人才,提升高等院校学生的专业技能和研发新技术的能力,近年来,许多院校教学团队结合教育部高等教育司在其发布的《关于开展国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心建设工作的通知》(教高司函〔2013〕94号)、《教育部关于开展国家虚拟仿真实验教学项目建设工作的通知》(教高函〔2018〕5号)等相关文件开展了实验仿真平台的建设与教学研究[1,2]。叶海旺等采用动画模拟炸药爆炸以及爆破对象的破坏过程[3],再现并演示了爆破过程。王雁冰等通过自主设计了小药量爆破岩石破碎装置、电爆炸破岩装置[4],并结合虚拟仿真系统与智能专家等综合手段构建创新平台。张飞燕等开发了巷道掘进爆破安全虚拟仿真实验的教学平台[5-7],并构建了炮烟中毒应急救援虚拟仿真系统。胡坤伦等对爆破专业课程线上教学进行了思考与探索[8]。目前,对工程爆破专业课程中的虚拟仿真实验建设还需完善,特别是在建构筑物拆除实验方面需要进一步加强,尤其是建构筑物爆破失稳倾倒中的力学知识点的考察。虽然作者围绕建(构)筑物爆破拆除中的力学知识教学以及爆破网路实验教学等方面进行了有益的探索[9-15],但缺乏行之有效的互动媒介与实验操作平台。
因此,需要借助3D虚拟仿真技术建立混凝土烟囱拆除虚拟仿真实验操作平台,并进行教学探索,让学生在三维虚拟环境中,设计爆破参数,体验不同参数导致的倾倒现象,加深对烟囱爆破倾倒中力学原理与专业知识的理解。另外,推进虚拟仿真实验教学能完善人才培养与选拔的平台建设,培养一支理论丰富和技能精湛的技术型人才队伍,进一步提升我国爆破行业从业人员的专业素养,对我国实现由爆破大国到绿色爆破强国的跨越具有一定的推动作用。
在爆炸力学专业人才培养中,拆除爆破是《控制爆破》课程的核心内容之一。众所周知,拆除爆破是一个不可逆的瞬态过程,拆除方案复杂,爆破参数选取多样,拆除构筑物建模周期长,单次实验费用消耗极高,导致无法重复实验;同时,实验本身危险性高,不利于学生近距离观察学习拆除爆破过程。因此,除理论教材和视频记录外,学生亟需其他途径来学习烟囱倾倒的爆破过程。由于虚拟仿真实验并不需要普通意义上实验的必备器材,而是通过计算机上的仿真软件模拟现实实验的操作过程与效果,实践已表明用软件模拟实验条件是一条可行性非常高的路径。假如采用计算机将爆破实验的操作过程与效果仿真出来,不仅能避免高危环境、高成本高消耗、长周期和不可逆操作等模型实验中存在的问题,而且又能打破实验条件的客观限制,让学生可以“身临其境”,全方位参与体验爆破过程。
教学团队结合当前社会对爆炸力学专业人才的需求,选取了“烟囱倒塌力学分析及爆破拆除虚拟仿真实验”作为研究对象,其主要建设思路如下:
(1)爆炸力学虚拟仿真实验的方案设计
首先,需要研究虚拟仿真实验涵盖的知识点以及技术上的可行性;其次,研究虚拟仿真实验涵盖的知识逻辑与操作流程的关系,并讨论虚拟仿真实验学习模块与考察模块的差异性,建立虚拟仿真实验的成绩评价体系;最后,根据年级及不同专业的情况,研究基础力学与专业课程中力学知识点的融合规律,使爆炸力学虚拟实验不仅服务于本专业的课程,也能为其他专业基础力学知识的学习提供帮助。
(2)爆炸力学虚拟仿真实验的3D虚拟仿真软件实现
在方案设计的基础上,探讨仿真软件开发过程中实验内容与操作流程的适配性,研究虚拟仿真软件对知识点窗口布局与呈现,建立力学知识点中参数随机变化与操作结果的对应关系,并进一步优化实验结果评价体系。
(3)爆炸力学虚拟仿真实验平台的建设与管理
根据课程教学安排以及教学硬件的配置情况,对虚拟仿真实验平台建设中的虚拟仿真教学资源进行优化,建立并健全虚拟仿真实验平台管理,建设并培养虚拟仿真实验平台的教师队伍。
通过以上内容的研究与设计拟达到的目标:开发一套成熟的爆炸力学专业方面的3D虚拟仿真软件;建设成为省级及以上的爆炸力学虚拟仿真实验平台;培养一批有虚拟仿真实验教学与管理经验的师资队伍。
爆破拆除工程的力学虚拟仿真实验建设的主要问题在于确保爆炸力学虚拟仿真实验的设计方案能建立学习者与知识点之间的有效交互。虚拟仿真实验平台提供的解决措施需保证学习者通过“烟囱倒塌力学分析及爆破拆除虚拟仿真实验”的学习和实践,能自主参与并真实体验烟囱爆破拆除设计及施工的全过程。首先,在实验内容设计上,可以通过“基本力学原理的解答”的问答环节,科学地建立烟囱倾倒的力学模型,准确地完成倾倒过程的力学分析;其次,通过“倾倒方案选择”和“爆破设计”两个环节的互动操作,掌握爆破切口的设计方法,理解爆破参数的选取依据,参与起爆网路的设计与连线,真正地建立对爆破作业流程的认知,亲身参与设计组织施工的每个步骤;最后,学习者通过“安全校核”与“减震措施布置”两个环节的交互学习,掌握数据采集的步骤,学习安全校核的方法以及布置控制爆破负面效应的措施,例如设置减震沟或减震堤。
虚拟仿真实验平台构建具体如下:
(1)场景布局选择。学生登入实验平台后,系统显示学习与考核两个模块供学生选择。在考核模块中,实验场景将给出几种随机爆破拆除场景,见图1。当学生选择相应的场景后点击向右箭头,场景将进入标定倾倒方向步骤模块。
(2)烟囱周边环境操作与确定倾倒方案。进入平面图后,将鼠标移到待拆除的建筑物上时,系统弹出提示信息:建筑物的高度、直径等,若移到周边建筑物上,也会呈现相应的建筑物名字、大小等信息。当点击测距按钮,鼠标将进入测量长度状态,此时可以测量待拆烟囱与周边建筑物的距离,见图2。学习者需根据周边环境及给定的信息,设置待拆烟囱的倾倒方向。为确保设计的多样性,烟囱参数信息与周边环境由系统随机生成。
(3)爆破切口设计。
首先是选择爆破切口形状。众所周知,切口位置、大小以及高低是烟囱能否按设计方向顺利倒塌的重要因素。因此,爆破切口设计模块中提供了“知识介绍”和“形状选择”2个环节,通过文字图片或动画形式导入一些理论知识,并随机给出一些客观题考查学生,见图3。在切开形状选择环节中,系统提供有正梯形与倒梯形2种选择方式。系统根据学生选择,弹出对话框并提供切口截面图以及梯形上、下边数据的输入框,从而确定设计截面的上下宽度。
其次是布置导向窗与定向窗。系统提供“定向窗”、“导向窗”与“爆破部位”3个模块,学生可以通过鼠标拖拽把建筑块安装到筒壁上。若安装错误,可以右键点击建筑块,可将布置好的建筑块取下后再重新安装。安装时按照“定向窗”、“爆破部位”、“导向窗”的顺序安装,见图4。在定向窗和导向窗对话框中填入相应的参数,并根据筒壁厚度确定炮孔深度,见图5
最后是切口部位受力分析。这个部分需要考查学生的内容有:熟练掌握平衡方程,明确力学参数及其概念。烟囱爆破倾倒过程中的力学知识点有:烟囱倾倒过程的三个阶段;爆破切口角设计要满足的应力条件;爆破切口角设计的弯矩条件。根据爆破切口部位截面图,学生需在相应的对话框中填入受拉区与受压区,计算切口截面的极值应力,并指出正确的中性轴,见图6。另外,学生需根据切口部位的截面图,判断截面的最大拉应力点与最大压应力点,并确定烟囱爆破倾倒满足的强度条件,见图7
(4)爆破参数设计。这个部分包括布孔方式选择及孔距、排距设定、最小抵抗线、炸药单耗及单孔装药量设置,另外也包含了爆破网路设计。炮孔间距设置与雷管段别设置分别见图8图9
(5)安全校核。根据实验设置,系统给出爆破振动与触地振动的估算模块。根据学生的输入参数,系统给出与之匹配的计算结果,并具有保存图像和导出数据功能。若爆破振动与触地振动估算值超过邻近建筑物安全阈值,建筑物上方将出现感叹号。如果校核结果表明安全,则用绿色“安全”表示。目前,系统针对飞石防护内容的模块暂未考虑。见图10
(6)减震措施布置。如果校核结果表明不安全,则需要采取减震措施。一是在倒塌的区域设置减震堤;二是在触地点与保护对象之间设置减震沟。首先用鼠标点击右侧的减震沟模块按钮,然后再点击场景某位置,系统将在该位置自动添加一个减震沟,见图11
(7)安全警戒。点击设置警戒模块,再点击场景中地面,系统会在该处插入1个小红旗。对系统提示可能存在影响的建筑物,需要增加测振点。完成前面环节后,选择“爆破现场”进行起爆操作,系统进入爆破现场的场景。在该场景中,系统能支持用户漫游。除了烟囱、建筑物和居民环境外,在安全距离外还设有指挥部、起爆器模型、放置测振仪器的试验台、救护车和工作人员。系统设置了三长两短的警戒提示音,待警戒点汇报警戒情况正常后指挥部发布起爆命令,随后起爆界面会给出烟囱倒塌运动过程。当爆破结束后,学生可进入指挥部查看传感器传输过来的数据。
最后,系统打分对学生操作过程给出成绩,并形成实验报告待老师批阅。
根据虚拟仿真实验平台教学初期的反馈,教学团队采取以下方法对实验教学进行优化。
(1)调查与归纳
通过查阅文献,走访兄弟院校,归纳总结虚拟仿真实验方案的设计、平台建设、运行状况。
(2)多阶段考核与跟踪记录法
从力学实验理论与操作知识出发,对力学专业培养对象进行考核,将考核对象按笔试、实验操作等成绩进行统计;在学期中期进行一次考核,记录学习情况;最后学期末进行期末考核,并做好记录。
(3)参照对比法
将力学专业的学生按初次考核的等级分为初始状态相同的两个学习组。一个组作为参考对象,另一组作为实验对象,最后将两组培养后的考核数据进行参照对比分析;另外,根据个体的跟踪记录结果,对比分析纵向学习培养的效果。
经过3个批次的虚拟实验教学,混凝土烟囱爆破拆除工程教学虚拟仿真实验建设对实验教学有以下促进作用。
(1)丰富实验教学内容
爆炸力学教学课程非常强调实践,所以理论与实践相结合的教学方式才能让学生更能理解课程内容。学生通过虚拟仿真实验平台进行一定数量的综合实验训练,将逐步提升其力学基础与专业素质能力,另外也增强了其实践操作技能。
(2)增加师生互动,调动双方积极性
在虚拟仿真实验教学中,教学活动不再局限于有形的课堂、工程现场与实验室,也不再局限于单一、无交互的教学平面图片或者是视频,可见,虚拟仿真实验教学在时间与空间上较传统的教学得到了扩展。
(3)提高实验的安全性
爆炸力学实验在操作过程中具有早爆与迟爆风险,同时对实验条件及实验操作者要求较高,而虚拟仿真实验避免了上述风险。
(4)节约实验成本
爆破实验中测试的仪器和火工品耗材昂贵,而且实验材料的运输与临时存储也需要投入经费。另外,实验中需安排一定数量的专业教师,这进一步增加了教学与管理成本,而虚拟仿真实验只需要借助电脑就能开展教学,并且在时间上和空间上不受限制,大大降低了教学经费的支出,此外,其他专业及院校也能借用该系统进行教学。
(5)激发学生创新积极性
虚拟仿真实验能将真实的实验场景展现在学生面前,学生也可通过系统自选感兴趣的实验项目,通过自学实验指南,自行设计实验参数,进行创新实验。
本虚拟仿真实验教学项目采用3D虚拟仿真技术建立了实验教学平台系统,能让学生参与高耸建(构)筑物的爆破拆除设计、组织施工中的每个步骤,并逐渐建立对爆破作业流程的认知。
(1)该虚拟仿真实验教学的主要特色是对传统教学的延伸与拓展。采用计算机将爆破实验仿真出来,打破了实验条件的客观限制,避免了成本高、不可重复和危险性等客观因素,让学生可以“身临其境”,全方位参与体验爆破过程。同时实验的学习与操作不受时间与空间的限制。
(2)该虚拟仿真实验教学课程在实验方案设计、教学方法、评价体系等方面进行了一定创新。在实验方案设计思路方面,虚拟实验仿真平台采用了3D虚拟仿真技术,建立混凝土烟囱拆除虚拟仿真实验操作环境;在教学方法方面,虚拟实验仿真突出了场景再现,并融入重点、难点自主辅助学习与及时反馈的综合教学法;在评价体系方面,通过实时监控学生学习时的过程,记录其在关键知识点上花费的时间与错误操作次数,并对比考核模式下的操作记录,统计分析实验效果。另外,考核体系中对关键知识点给予了不同的分值,同时不同专业的学生也可以选择相应的关键知识点作为独立体系进行考核。
  • 武汉科技大学教学改革项目“省属高校爆炸力学特色专业人才培养虚拟仿真教学研究与实践”(2021X029)
  • 教育部产学合作协同育人项目“烟囱爆破及其倒塌力学分析虚拟仿真实验”(202101003025)
  • 湖北省虚拟仿真实验一流本科课程“烟囱倒塌力学及爆破拆除虚拟仿真实验”(202108)
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2023年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.03.032
  • 接收时间:2023-02-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2023-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-07
基金
Teaching Reform Project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(2021X029)
武汉科技大学教学改革项目“省属高校爆炸力学特色专业人才培养虚拟仿真教学研究与实践”(2021X029)
The Ministry of Education's collaborative education project “Virtual Simulation Experiment for Mechanical Analysis of Chimney Blasting and Collapse”(202101003025)
教育部产学合作协同育人项目“烟囱爆破及其倒塌力学分析虚拟仿真实验”(202101003025)
The firstclass undergraduate course of virtual simulation experiment in Hubei Province, “Virtual Simulation Experiment of Chimney Collapse Mechanics and Blasting Demolition”(202108)
湖北省虚拟仿真实验一流本科课程“烟囱倒塌力学及爆破拆除虚拟仿真实验”(202108)
作者信息
    1.武汉科技大学 理学院 湖北省智能爆破工程技术研究中心,武汉 430065
    2.武汉大学 水利水电学院,武汉 430072
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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