Article(id=1241442324539036232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1666368000000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773912515053, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773912515053, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773912515053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912515053, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241442313185063097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773912512346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912765519, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=50, endPage=56, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241442324828443224, articleId=1241442324539036232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Optimization Research of Air Decking Charge Structure for Bench Blasting based on JKSimBlast, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Since continuous charge structure is adopted in the bench blasting of Heigou open-pit mining area, the boulder yield is high and the secondary crushing workload is large, which seriously affects the operation efficiency of the mine's subsequent production and loading shovel loading process. In order to optimize the open-pit blasting charge structure, the 2DBench module for open-pit mining in the blasting simulation software JKSimBlast is used. Taking the length and the position of the commonly used air decking as the research objects and the boulder yield as the evaluation index, 25 groups of experiments with two factors and five levels are designed with the hole depth of 17.5 m and the charge length of 10 m. The simulation results show that with the same air deck length, the boulder yield decreases first and then increases with the deck position moving down, and thus there is an optimal deck position. With the same deck position, the boulder yield decreases first and then increases with the increase of the air deck length. Furthermore, the optimal air deck length is determined as 2 m and the optimal deck position is 11.5 m from the orifice. Finally, field industrial tests with the optimized structure are carried out in 5 different blasting areas. The blasting muck pile photos before and after optimization in area 3 is selected as the reference group. By comparison, the results show that the optimized charge structure reduces the boulder yield by an average of 9.24% and effectively improves the blasting effect, which provides a useful reference for the selection and optimization of the charge structure in open pit mines.

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黑沟矿区露天台阶爆破采用连续装药结构,爆破后大块率高,二次破碎工作量大,严重影响矿山后续铲装作业效率。基于爆破模拟软件JKSimBlast中露天开采2DBench模块,开展露天爆破装药结构优化研究。选择常用空气间隔器作为间隔材料,保持炮孔深度17.5 m和装药长度10 m不变,以空气间隔器长度、中间间隔位置为研究对象,以大块率为评价指标,设计两因素五水平共计25组全因素组合实验。模拟结果表明空气间隔长度相同时随着间隔位置下移,爆破大块率先减小后又增大,存在一个最佳间隔位置。间隔位置相同时随间隔长度增大大块率先减小后增大,进而确定最佳间隔长度2 m与最佳间隔位置距离孔口11.5 m。最后,基于优化结构在5个不同爆破区域开展现场工业试验,选取区域3优化前后爆堆照片作为参考组,利用Split-Desktop爆破分析软件进行数据处理,得到5个区域优化前后大块率并进行比对,结果显示优化后的装药结构爆破后大块率平均降低9.24%,优化后的间隔装药结构有效改善爆破效果,为露天矿装药结构选择和优化提供有益借鉴。

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徐帅(1981-),男,河南南阳人,博士、教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事难采矿床开采理论与深部岩体支护技术研究,(E-mail)
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李章超(1997-),男,云南昭通人,硕士研究生,从事爆破填塞研究,(E-mail)

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李章超(1997-),男,云南昭通人,硕士研究生,从事爆破填塞研究,(E-mail)

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李章超(1997-),男,云南昭通人,硕士研究生,从事爆破填塞研究,(E-mail)

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Classification and application of charge structure[J]. Opencast Mining Technology, 1991(2): 16-20. 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Application of air interval charge in deep hole bench blasting in open mine[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(1): 80-85. 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articleId=1241442324539036232, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental results of rock mechanics in the mining area

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岩性单轴抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比内摩擦角内聚力/MPa
灰绿千枚岩86.749.3337.730.1729°6′12.69
铁质千枚岩234.8012.83121.660.2449°43′24.17
白云岩137.5712.80115.260.2057°30′25.37
镜铁矿岩115.3011.61100.330.2373°8′4.75
), ArticleFig(id=1241442338401210592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矿区岩石力学测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性单轴抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比内摩擦角内聚力/MPa
灰绿千枚岩86.749.3337.730.1729°6′12.69
铁质千枚岩234.8012.83121.660.2449°43′24.17
白云岩137.5712.80115.260.2057°30′25.37
镜铁矿岩115.3011.61100.330.2373°8′4.75
), ArticleFig(id=1241442338552205547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Explosive parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炸药类型密度/(g·cm-3爆速/(m·s-1平均能量密度/(MJ·kg-1
乳化铵油炸药1.1349003.182
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340062154991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

炸药参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炸药类型密度/(g·cm-3爆速/(m·s-1平均能量密度/(MJ·kg-1
乳化铵油炸药1.1349003.182
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340192178423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test factors and value table

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间隔长度/m1.51.7522.252.5
间隔位置/m10.511.512.513.514.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340326396156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验因素及其取值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间隔长度/m1.51.7522.252.5
间隔位置/m10.511.512.513.514.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340431253761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Distribution table of boulder yield after simulation of 25 groups of experimental programs

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间隔位置间隔长度
1.5 m1.75 m2 m2.25 m2.5 m
10.5 m41.2536.0532.7737.6641.55
11.5 m32.2622.597.5631.1535.44
12.5 m40.0032.1620.1334.7140.77
13.5 m28.3921.5616.1725.6130.51
14.5 m39.8436.7332.9436.5339.67
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340557082886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

25组实验方案模拟后大块率分布表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间隔位置间隔长度
1.5 m1.75 m2 m2.25 m2.5 m
10.5 m41.2536.0532.7737.6641.55
11.5 m32.2622.597.5631.1535.44
12.5 m40.0032.1620.1334.7140.77
13.5 m28.3921.5616.1725.6130.51
14.5 m39.8436.7332.9436.5339.67
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340670329101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Field test parameter table

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 位置1位置2位置3位置4位置5
优化前优化后优化前优化后优化前优化后优化前优化后优化前优化后
填塞/m7.55.57.55.57.55.57575
装药/m4444444.54.54.54.5
空气/m0202020202
装药/m665.55.56.56.5665.56.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340745826581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442324539036232, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

现场试验参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 位置1位置2位置3位置4位置5
优化前优化后优化前优化后优化前优化后优化前优化后优化前优化后
填塞/m7.55.57.55.57.55.57575
装药/m4444444.54.54.54.5
空气/m0202020202
装药/m665.55.56.56.5665.56.5
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基于JKSimBlast的露天台阶爆破空气间隔装药结构优化研究
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李章超 1 , 徐帅 1 , 李金平 2 , 纪旭波 1, 3
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2023,40(1): 50-56
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2023, 40(1): 50-56
基于JKSimBlast的露天台阶爆破空气间隔装药结构优化研究
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李章超1 , 徐帅1 , 李金平2, 纪旭波1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.东北大学 深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室,沈阳 110819
  • 2.酒泉钢铁集团有限责任公司 镜铁山矿业有限公司,嘉峪关 735100
  • 3.山东恒邦冶炼股份有限公司,烟台 264109
  • 李章超(1997-),男,云南昭通人,硕士研究生,从事爆破填塞研究,(E-mail)

通讯作者:

徐帅(1981-),男,河南南阳人,博士、教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事难采矿床开采理论与深部岩体支护技术研究,(E-mail)
Optimization Research of Air Decking Charge Structure for Bench Blasting based on JKSimBlast
Zhang-chao LI1 , Shuai XU1 , Jin-ping LI2, Xu-bo JI1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
  • 2.Jiuquan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Jingtieshan Mining Co., Ltd., Jiayuguan 735100, China
  • 3.Shandong Hengbang Smelting Co., Ltd., Yantai 264109, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.007
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黑沟矿区露天台阶爆破采用连续装药结构,爆破后大块率高,二次破碎工作量大,严重影响矿山后续铲装作业效率。基于爆破模拟软件JKSimBlast中露天开采2DBench模块,开展露天爆破装药结构优化研究。选择常用空气间隔器作为间隔材料,保持炮孔深度17.5 m和装药长度10 m不变,以空气间隔器长度、中间间隔位置为研究对象,以大块率为评价指标,设计两因素五水平共计25组全因素组合实验。模拟结果表明空气间隔长度相同时随着间隔位置下移,爆破大块率先减小后又增大,存在一个最佳间隔位置。间隔位置相同时随间隔长度增大大块率先减小后增大,进而确定最佳间隔长度2 m与最佳间隔位置距离孔口11.5 m。最后,基于优化结构在5个不同爆破区域开展现场工业试验,选取区域3优化前后爆堆照片作为参考组,利用Split-Desktop爆破分析软件进行数据处理,得到5个区域优化前后大块率并进行比对,结果显示优化后的装药结构爆破后大块率平均降低9.24%,优化后的间隔装药结构有效改善爆破效果,为露天矿装药结构选择和优化提供有益借鉴。

台阶爆破  /  JKSimBlast  /  装药结构优化  /  大块率

Since continuous charge structure is adopted in the bench blasting of Heigou open-pit mining area, the boulder yield is high and the secondary crushing workload is large, which seriously affects the operation efficiency of the mine's subsequent production and loading shovel loading process. In order to optimize the open-pit blasting charge structure, the 2DBench module for open-pit mining in the blasting simulation software JKSimBlast is used. Taking the length and the position of the commonly used air decking as the research objects and the boulder yield as the evaluation index, 25 groups of experiments with two factors and five levels are designed with the hole depth of 17.5 m and the charge length of 10 m. The simulation results show that with the same air deck length, the boulder yield decreases first and then increases with the deck position moving down, and thus there is an optimal deck position. With the same deck position, the boulder yield decreases first and then increases with the increase of the air deck length. Furthermore, the optimal air deck length is determined as 2 m and the optimal deck position is 11.5 m from the orifice. Finally, field industrial tests with the optimized structure are carried out in 5 different blasting areas. The blasting muck pile photos before and after optimization in area 3 is selected as the reference group. By comparison, the results show that the optimized charge structure reduces the boulder yield by an average of 9.24% and effectively improves the blasting effect, which provides a useful reference for the selection and optimization of the charge structure in open pit mines.

open blasting  /  JKSimBlast  /  optimization of charging parameters  /  boulder yield
李章超, 徐帅, 李金平, 纪旭波. 基于JKSimBlast的露天台阶爆破空气间隔装药结构优化研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (1) : 50 -56 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.007
Zhang-chao LI, Shuai XU, Jin-ping LI, Xu-bo JI. Optimization Research of Air Decking Charge Structure for Bench Blasting based on JKSimBlast[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (1) : 50 -56 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.007
装药结构按炸药装入炮孔内的集中程度分为连续装药与间隔装药[1]。连续装药作业连续、简单、高效,在当前露天矿台阶爆破中应用较多。但连续装药时装药量大,炸药爆炸脉冲初始峰值压力大,作用在粉碎区能量多,导致岩石“过粉”和爆破后大块率高[2]。间隔装药可以在孔内进行分段微差爆破,通过增加爆破段数、降低单段爆破药量来降低爆破振动,提高爆破能量利用率,改善爆破效果[3]
目前露天爆破装药结构研究方法有理论研究、现场试验、室内试验和数值模型四种方法。早在20世纪40年代,Melniokov等通过室内试验提出采用间隔装药来减少一次爆破装药量[4],降低爆压峰值。刘鹏程利用模拟实验和现场工业试验[5],发现空气间隔装药可降低爆破压力峰值,延长爆破作用时间;曹寄梅等通过现场工业实验发现在炮孔底部装填稻壳、锯木粉等密度小、可压缩的柔性物质[6],装填高度为炮孔直径的5~8倍时,其减振率达到3.23%~35.19%;王银涛等在炮孔顶部放置不同长度PVC管空气间隔器[7],发现PVC空气间隔长度为1.2 m时,爆破效果最好;曹祺等发现在炮孔内随空气柱长度增加[8],冲击波峰值压力降低。现场试验和室内试验可以直观评价爆破效果,但却存在着耗时长、工作量大、成本高等弊端。数值模拟为研究不同爆炸载荷下介质响应的细微变化提供了有效手段,可动态展示介质在炸药作用下破碎的演化过程,并且能够预测介质破碎的程度。目前常用的ANSYS-DYNA模拟软件适合求解高速碰撞、爆炸和金属成型等非线性动力冲击问题,可有效地降低对现场工业数据的依赖程度,可以分析破岩过程中的内在机理。如吴亮等利用LS-DYNA非线性有限元程序[9],研究不同装药结构及不同空气比情况下炮孔近区混凝土损伤的破坏机理;李宗楠等借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对某露天矿间隔装药爆破进行数值分析[10],证明间隔装药爆破技术的优越性;张晓平等通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件构建不同上下装药比例和空气间隔比例的计算模型[11],发现当上下装药比例为3∶7,空气间隔长度为炮孔长度的15%时,孔内有效平均压力最高,有利于岩石的破碎块度分布均匀。但ANSYS-DYNA使用复杂,需要操作者具备一定的数值模拟知识及力学功底才能进行模拟,不利于初学者和矿山现场工作人员的使用,这使得该软件在工程应用中受到一定限制。
基于此,引进JKSimBlast爆破模拟软件,依托酒钢集团黑沟露天矿山实际生产参数,借助2DBench模块开展炮孔中不同间隔位置和间隔长度下爆破效果模拟分析,确定间隔装药的最佳组合方式。利用优化结果,开展现场工业实验,利用实际爆破效果的指标验证模拟分析结果。研究为露天矿装药结构选择和优化提供有益借鉴,为矿山现场工作人员利用模拟软件进行爆破设计提供指导。
JKSimBlast是由澳大利亚昆士兰大学JKTech研发的一款用于爆破设计、分析以及管理的模块化工具[12]。该软件主要模块包括:2DBench、2DRing以及2DFace,分别适用于露天开采、地下开采和井巷掘进爆破设计。本文基于露天台阶模拟爆破模块2DBench开展不同装药结构下的爆破过程模拟研究。
2DBench中,爆破模拟过程分为两步:爆破设计、爆破分析。爆破设计主要完成炮孔位置布局以及设置起爆顺序,爆破设计步骤依次为布孔、单孔装药填塞、微差时间设置、起爆,其示意图见图1。爆破分析主要是对爆破效果进行分析与评价,主要内容包括:成本计算、炸药单耗、爆破等时线、能量分布、质点峰值振动速度(PPV)云图分布、爆破块度等。见图1
JKSimBlast模拟软件应用简单,使用时只需按照布孔、装药填塞、微差时间设置和起爆这五个步骤,在每个步骤中输入相应参数,就可进行爆破过程模拟。熟练使用该软件,可以有效降低设计人员的劳动强度,提高爆破质量,降低矿山生产成本。
镜铁山铁矿黑沟矿区地处甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县祁丰乡境内,是酒泉钢铁公司主要的铁矿石原料基地。黑沟矿区,采用深孔台阶爆破,台阶高度15 m,主要金属矿物为镜铁矿,主要脉石矿物为白云岩和千枚岩[13]。矿区内矿石平均容重3.69 t/m3,平均普氏硬度14,岩石平均体重为2.87 t/m3,平均普氏硬度9.25,矿岩平均松散系数均为1.6。基于室内岩石力学实验测试获得矿区岩石力学参数如表1所示。
(1)炮孔布置
采用三角形布孔,布置两排炮孔,第一排布置10个炮孔,第二排布置9个炮孔,炮孔直径250 mm,孔深17.5 m,孔距5 m,排距5 m,炮孔倾角90°。
(2)装药填塞
炸药采用乳化炸药,装药长度10 m,填塞采用岩粉填塞,填塞长度7.5 m,炸药参数见表2
(3)起爆网路
采用高精度非电导爆管作为起爆具,孔底起爆,孔内延迟425 ms、孔间延迟42 ms。从第一排左起第5个炮孔作为起爆点,分别朝两侧和第二排炮孔传爆。见图2
间隔材料包括空气间隔器、水和岩粉三大类[14],空气间隔器使用简单、间隔器长度可根据现场需要定制,使用方便快捷,故选用空气间隔器作为间隔对象。空气间隔装药分为将空气间隔器放置在顶部、中部和下部三种形式其布置如图3所示。
顶部空气间隔装药是指将空气间隔器安置在填塞物与炸药之间(图3(a))。这种装药结构简单易操作,但实际效果不好。原因是下部炸药爆炸产生的能量会直接作用于填塞体,使其压缩变形直至冲出炮孔,造成炸药能量浪费[15];底部空气间隔,将空气间隔器安置在孔底岩石与炸药之间(图3(c)),目的是提高炸药重心高度,避免底部炸药能量过于集中,但不能降低一次爆破的药量和产生的爆破振动[16];中间空气间隔是指将空气间隔器放置于上下炸药之间(图3(b)),上部炸药产生的爆轰波作用于岩石而后与空气混合形成冲击波,遇到下部炸药与空气形成的冲击波,两者在空气柱相撞后反射,分别向着填塞物和孔底的方向运动,对沿途的岩石再次作用,将第一次作用形成的裂隙进行扩张、破碎,对岩石形成二次破坏[15]。中间间隔对比顶部间隔和底部间隔具有冲击波可以相互叠加,可对岩石进行二次破坏以及避免爆破振动过大的优点。
在空气间隔爆破中,合理的空气间隔长度是装药长度的15%~25%[17]。空气间隔位置研究均是将空气间隔器放于上下装药中间位置来考虑的,而忽略台阶底部夹制作用的影响,对于将空气间隔器放于上半部分还是下半部分还未有明确的定论。因此,本文保持装药长度为10 m不变,以间隔长度、间隔位置(空气间隔器中部离孔口距离)为研究对象,利用JKSimBlast爆破模拟软件为研究工具,进行二因素五水平全组合实验,共计25组,分析空气间隔长度和间隔位置对爆破作用效果的影响,试验因素及其取值如表3所示。
黑沟矿区将块度超过70 cm作为大块标准,大块率越大,二次破碎和运输的成本越高。故保持炮孔深度为17.5 m,装药长度为10 m,以爆破后大块率为评价指标,开展25组不同方案的爆破模拟。各模拟实验的大块率结果如表4所示。
(1)连续装药大块率变化规律
为了与空气间隔装药的爆破效果进行对比,以间隔长度为0的连续装药为对照组,选取大块率为指标,分析其大块率,结果如图4所示。
图4可见,相同装药参数下,连续装药时大块率为37.5%,二次破碎工作量大,生产成本高。原因在于受炸药自重影响,炸药在炮孔底部被进一步压密压实,导致柱状装药重心偏低,炸药能量集中于炮孔下部,而炮孔上部炸药能量较少,破碎效果差,大块率高。
(2)空气间隔长度相同时不同间隔位置大块率变化规律
保持空气间隔长度相同,改变间隔位置,统计各方案模拟后的大块率进行爆破效果分析。大块率变化规律如图5可见,以空气间隔长度为2 m为例,随着间隔位置向下移动时,爆破后大块率先减小后增大。当间隔位置位于11.5 m时,大块率最低。超过11.5 m后,大块率又随之上升。其余间隔长度呈现相似规律。
分析该规律出现的原因是当间隔位置距离孔口11.5 m时,孔口填塞长度5.5 m,空气间隔长度2 m,则上部装药长度为6 m,下部装药长度为4 m,空气间隔器的存在提高炸药重心,改善孔口爆破效果,大块率降低;当间隔位置距离孔口小于11.5 m时,下半部炸药布置过多,台阶底部过度破碎,不利于下一轮台阶爆破,上半部炸药少,爆炸能量不能让矿岩充分破坏,大块率高;当间隔位置距离孔口大于11.5 m时,上半部炸药布置过多,部分能量用于矿岩破碎,多余能量用于抛掷,爆堆分散,铲运成本高;下半部炸药布置过少,孔底夹制作用强,爆破效果差。
(3)间隔位置相同时间隔长度不同大块率变化规律
保持间隔位置不变,改变空气间隔长度,统计模拟后的大块率。大块率变化规律如图6所示。以间隔位置保持孔口向下11.5 m为例,大块率随空气间隔长度的增加呈先降低后增大。当空气间隔长度2 m时,大块率最低。其余四个位置大块率变化规律与孔口向下11.5 m时相似。
深孔台阶爆破中,填塞长度ls=(20~30)d,当炮孔直径为250 mm时,合理填塞长度范围为5~7 m。当间隔长度小于2 m填塞长度大于5 m时,空气间隔聚能作用强,孔口填塞能充分发挥作用,延长爆生气体作用时间,爆破效果好,岩石破碎均匀,大块率低;当间隔长度大于2 m,填塞长度小于5 m时,填塞作用小,爆生气体作用时间短,空气间隔聚能作用减弱,大块率高。
采用优化前连续装药和优化后空气间隔装药分别在5个不同区域位置开展现场工业试验,现场试验参数如表5,对比同一位置大块率变化情况。优化前后位置3的爆破后爆堆大块分布如图7所示。
图7(a)和(c)中红色为参考球,参考球直径23.5 cm。将带有参考球的爆破图片导入Split-Desktop爆破分析软件,爆破块度部分处理过程图7(b)和(d)所示。爆破块度分析结果示例如图8所示,可以直观看出位置3优化前大块率为19.1%,优化后大块率为8.73%。
将五个位置优化后的大块率统计结果和优化前大块率统计结果汇总见图9
图9可以看出,优化后的装药结构大块率平均可减少9.22%,说明新装药结构明显改善爆破效果,建议矿山进行更大范围的推广,以提高矿山经济效益。
(1)当空气间隔长度相同时,随间隔位置向下移动,大块率呈现先减小后增大的趋势;当间隔位置超过11.5 m平面时,大块率逐渐增大。当间隔位置保持一致时,大块率随空气间隔长度的增大,呈现先减小后增大的趋势;当空气间隔长度大于2 m时,大块率增大。采用空气间隔装药时,当间隔位置位于11.5 m平面,空气间隔长度为2 m时,能量分布最均匀,大块率最低。
(2)现场工业试验证明优化后装药结构可改善爆破效果,大块率平均降低9.22%。
(3)JKSimBlast爆破模拟软件操作、方便,可根据矿山现场爆破参数进行模拟,指导矿山现场生产实践。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874068; 52074062)
  • 第二批新工科研究与实践项目(E-KYDZCH20201807)
  • “矿业工程通专融合教材体系建设”
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2023年第40卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.007
  • 接收时间:2022-10-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-22
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874068; 52074062)
第二批新工科研究与实践项目(E-KYDZCH20201807)
“矿业工程通专融合教材体系建设”
作者信息
    1.东北大学 深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室,沈阳 110819
    2.酒泉钢铁集团有限责任公司 镜铁山矿业有限公司,嘉峪关 735100
    3.山东恒邦冶炼股份有限公司,烟台 264109

通讯作者:

徐帅(1981-),男,河南南阳人,博士、教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事难采矿床开采理论与深部岩体支护技术研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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