Article(id=1241442323222024733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1664035200000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773912514739, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773912514739, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773912514739, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912514739, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241442313185063097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773912512346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912765519, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=139, endPage=146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241442323473682983, articleId=1241442323222024733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation Research on Submarine Foundation Pit Excavation based on Energy Dissipation Blasting Technology, columnId=1241046467696193882, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=SPECIAL BLASTING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Rock foundation excavation plays an important role in the entire project of hydraulic structures. The key and difficult point of the blasting excavation is how to reduce the damage of the rock mass on the foundation surface under the premise of ensuring the excavation of the structural foundation to the specified elevation. In this paper, ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software is used to numerically simulate the blasting damage of the rock mass 40 m underwater. The blasting and excavation simulation of composite energy dissipation structure, flexible cushion and traditional charge structure is carried out in a 24.5 cm×24.5 cm×30 cm rock mass model, respectively. Fluid-structure coupling algorithm is used in the simulation process, and 0.4 MPa water pressure is added to simulate the 40 m water depth environment. The simulation results found that the damage depth of the basement, the energy transfer of the retained bedrock and the damage degree of the retained bedrock can be reduced by 38.89%, 30.52%, and 30.90% respectively by using the composite energy dispassion blasting technology under the same conditions. The results also show that the energy dissipation structure can effectively control the damage form and scope of the rock mass retained on the foundation surface, which can be applied to the protection of foundation surface of underwater rock excavation.

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水工建构筑物岩石基础开挖在整个工程项目中有着重要的作用,如何在保证结构基础开挖至指定标高的前提下减小对建基面岩体的破坏和损伤是爆破开挖的关键和难点所在。本文使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元仿真模拟软件对水下40 m岩体在爆破开挖下的损伤状况进行了数值模拟.对复合消能结构、加入柔性垫层以及传统装药结构三种爆破技术分别在24.5 cm×24.5 cm×30 cm的岩体模型中进行爆破开挖模拟,模拟过程采用流固耦合算法,并对岩体模型添加0.4 MPa水压模拟40 m水深环境,结果发现在相同条件下,采用复合消能爆破技术可以使基底损伤深度减小38.89%,降低保留岩体能量传递30.52%,削弱保留岩体损伤程度30.90%。结果表明:复合消能结构可以有效控制建基面保留岩体损伤形态和范围,保护效果明显,可应用于水下岩体开挖的建基面保护工作。

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钟冬望(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师、博士,从事岩土工程、矿山工程力学研究,(E-mail)
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李腾飞(1997-),男,博士研究生,从事爆炸动力学及其应用研究,(E-mail)

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李腾飞(1997-),男,博士研究生,从事爆炸动力学及其应用研究,(E-mail)

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李腾飞(1997-),男,博士研究生,从事爆炸动力学及其应用研究,(E-mail)

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language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同爆破技术下孔底轴向损伤变化, figureFileSmall=7wLbNjoMp8RsRvYuKDd9yA==, figureFileBig=P73fIJFvDH7IET5xclA8Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442342255776124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442323222024733, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Related parameters of explosives

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密度/(g·cm-3爆速/(m·s-1PCJ/GPaA/GPaB/GPaR1R2ω
1.68880037852.418.024.551.30.38
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炸药相关参数表[13]

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密度/(g·cm-3爆速/(m·s-1PCJ/GPaA/GPaB/GPaR1R2ω
1.68880037852.418.024.551.30.38
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Physical and mechanical parameters of model materials

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相关材料密度/(kg·m-3动弹性模量/GPa泊松比
消聚能球7850210.000.30
岩体220020.000.25
堵塞200015.000.28
柔性垫层15000.180.30
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模型材料物理力学参数

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相关材料密度/(kg·m-3动弹性模量/GPa泊松比
消聚能球7850210.000.30
岩体220020.000.25
堵塞200015.000.28
柔性垫层15000.180.30
), ArticleFig(id=1241442342650040722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442323222024733, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Energy table obtained by rock mass

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 待爆岩体/J保留岩体/J上下整体/J
复合消能117097.971267.97
柔性垫层1149104.001248.07
常规1157141.001298.00
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岩体获得能量表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 待爆岩体/J保留岩体/J上下整体/J
复合消能117097.971267.97
柔性垫层1149104.001248.07
常规1157141.001298.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241442342792647066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442323222024733, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Measurement point damage factor table

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编号损伤因子
复合消能柔性垫层传统装药结构
#1111
#20.3213000.4974100.823650
#30.0912600.3365840.190796
#4111
#50.1681500.1668500.645620
#60.0637180.0869510.138685
#70.3252400.3559600.371150
#80.0820000.0735360.257510
#90.0417120.0451460.084594
#100.1098000.1118800.114520
#110.0427160.0401720.069655
#120.0311720.0308230.046292
平均损伤因子0.2730890.3121090.395206
损伤折减率0.3089960.210262
), ArticleFig(id=1241442342931059103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442323222024733, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

测点损伤因子表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号损伤因子
复合消能柔性垫层传统装药结构
#1111
#20.3213000.4974100.823650
#30.0912600.3365840.190796
#4111
#50.1681500.1668500.645620
#60.0637180.0869510.138685
#70.3252400.3559600.371150
#80.0820000.0735360.257510
#90.0417120.0451460.084594
#100.1098000.1118800.114520
#110.0427160.0401720.069655
#120.0311720.0308230.046292
平均损伤因子0.2730890.3121090.395206
损伤折减率0.3089960.210262
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基于复合消能爆破技术的海底基坑开挖数值模拟研究
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李腾飞 1a, 1b , 钟冬望 1a, 1b , 司剑峰 1a, 1b , 熊伟 1a, 1b , 何理 1a, 1b, 2 , 李琳娜 1a, 1b , 涂圣武 1a, 1b
爆破 | 特种爆破 2023,40(1): 139-146
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爆破 | 特种爆破 2023, 40(1): 139-146
基于复合消能爆破技术的海底基坑开挖数值模拟研究
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李腾飞1a, 1b , 钟冬望1a, 1b , 司剑峰1a, 1b, 熊伟1a, 1b, 何理1a, 1b, 2, 李琳娜1a, 1b, 涂圣武1a, 1b
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉科技大学 理学院,武汉 430065
  • 1b.武汉科技大学 湖北省智能爆破工程技术中心,武汉 430065
  • 2.冶金工业过程系统科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430065
  • 李腾飞(1997-),男,博士研究生,从事爆炸动力学及其应用研究,(E-mail)

通讯作者:

钟冬望(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师、博士,从事岩土工程、矿山工程力学研究,(E-mail)
Numerical Simulation Research on Submarine Foundation Pit Excavation based on Energy Dissipation Blasting Technology
Teng-fei LI1a, 1b , Dong-wang ZHONG1a, 1b , Jian-feng SI1a, 1b, Wei XIONG1a, 1b, Li HE1a, 1b, 2, Lin-na LI1a, 1b, Sheng-wu TU1a, 1b
Affiliations
  • 1a.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 1b.Hubei Province Intelligent Blasting Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 2.Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan 430065, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.019
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水工建构筑物岩石基础开挖在整个工程项目中有着重要的作用,如何在保证结构基础开挖至指定标高的前提下减小对建基面岩体的破坏和损伤是爆破开挖的关键和难点所在。本文使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元仿真模拟软件对水下40 m岩体在爆破开挖下的损伤状况进行了数值模拟.对复合消能结构、加入柔性垫层以及传统装药结构三种爆破技术分别在24.5 cm×24.5 cm×30 cm的岩体模型中进行爆破开挖模拟,模拟过程采用流固耦合算法,并对岩体模型添加0.4 MPa水压模拟40 m水深环境,结果发现在相同条件下,采用复合消能爆破技术可以使基底损伤深度减小38.89%,降低保留岩体能量传递30.52%,削弱保留岩体损伤程度30.90%。结果表明:复合消能结构可以有效控制建基面保留岩体损伤形态和范围,保护效果明显,可应用于水下岩体开挖的建基面保护工作。

海底基坑开挖  /  复合消能  /  岩体损伤控制  /  轴向应力衰减  /  数值模拟

Rock foundation excavation plays an important role in the entire project of hydraulic structures. The key and difficult point of the blasting excavation is how to reduce the damage of the rock mass on the foundation surface under the premise of ensuring the excavation of the structural foundation to the specified elevation. In this paper, ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software is used to numerically simulate the blasting damage of the rock mass 40 m underwater. The blasting and excavation simulation of composite energy dissipation structure, flexible cushion and traditional charge structure is carried out in a 24.5 cm×24.5 cm×30 cm rock mass model, respectively. Fluid-structure coupling algorithm is used in the simulation process, and 0.4 MPa water pressure is added to simulate the 40 m water depth environment. The simulation results found that the damage depth of the basement, the energy transfer of the retained bedrock and the damage degree of the retained bedrock can be reduced by 38.89%, 30.52%, and 30.90% respectively by using the composite energy dispassion blasting technology under the same conditions. The results also show that the energy dissipation structure can effectively control the damage form and scope of the rock mass retained on the foundation surface, which can be applied to the protection of foundation surface of underwater rock excavation.

submarine foundation excavation  /  composite energy dissipation  /  rock mass damage  /  axial stress attenuation  /  numerical simulation
李腾飞, 钟冬望, 司剑峰, 熊伟, 何理, 李琳娜, 涂圣武. 基于复合消能爆破技术的海底基坑开挖数值模拟研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (1) : 139 -146 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.019
Teng-fei LI, Dong-wang ZHONG, Jian-feng SI, Wei XIONG, Li HE, Lin-na LI, Sheng-wu TU. Numerical Simulation Research on Submarine Foundation Pit Excavation based on Energy Dissipation Blasting Technology[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (1) : 139 -146 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.019
水利水电工程、土木工程及交通工程等领域涉及大量的基础设施建设,例如水工建筑物岩石基础(主要为坝基)、各类施工及永久性平台的开挖[1],其中,水利水电工程中以坝基的开挖尤为重要。结构基础的开挖应该在保证开挖至指定形态的前提下,不使建基面岩体产生大量裂隙[2],以及使节理裂隙面、层面等弱面明显劣化,损害岩体的完整性。对大型基础开挖成型,爆破仍然是现阶段最合适最常用的施工手段。爆破过程中,炸药释放能量使炮孔周边的岩体破碎,部分能量传递至保留岩体,对保留岩体产生不可逆的动力扰动,形成爆破开挖损伤区[3],开挖损伤区过大会增加后续基础处理的工作量,严重影响工程质量、工程经济效益以及施工总进度。因此,基础建设施工过程中如何控制开挖损伤,降低爆破作用对岩石基础保护层的影响一直是工程实践以及岩石动力学研究的焦点之一。
在《水工建筑物岩石地基开挖施工技术规范》[4]中推荐使用柔性垫层材料来保护水平建基面,但是由于水平建基面的损伤控制效果并不理想[5],柔性垫层技术并没有得到大规模的应用和推广。长江科学院吴新霞等提出复合垫层理论[6],在孔底添加柔性垫层,柔性垫层的中间位置添加一个刚性半球状罩;随后根据消能原理提出一种环向聚能爆破技术[7],在孔底使用聚能药包并在水平方向上实现聚能,对水平方向的岩体进行切割爆破,形成预裂缝,其原理与预裂爆破相似;武汉大学卢文波等将刚性半球状罩替换成刚性球并成功应用于陆地工程实例[8]
对于水下基坑的爆破开挖如何对建基面进行有效保护的同时减少岩体损伤的研究目前较少,海洋是未来发展的方向,而对海洋的建设更是发展的重点,因此发展能够促进水下施工效率的爆破技术十分有必要。
复合消能爆破技术(Energy relief blasting,ERB)即在固定的方向上抵消部分爆炸所产生的能量[9],以达到保护保留岩体的现代爆破技术。其爆破机理是根据应力波作用的透射与反射理论[10],当弹性波从一种介质传入另一种介质时,将在两种介质的分界面上发生波的反射和透射,作用过程如图1所示,通过交界面的形状改变弹性波传播的方向。
在爆生气体与消能铁球界面,炸药起爆引发的冲击波从气体介质中传播到消能铁球介质中,由于爆生气体小于消能铁球波阻抗,在交界面上将发生反射和透射。由于反射波的方向整体向上,对于孔底岩体相当于消能[11],减小爆破对孔底的损伤,同时向上反射的能量可以加强炮孔周围岩体的破碎效果,减少开挖后留下的岩石根坎,保证建基面的平整度;通过透射波进入消能刚性球的能量,由于垫层的波阻抗较小,将在消能刚性球与垫层交界面上发生强烈的二次反射[12],进一步削减能量向孔底的传递。
建立大小为24.5 cm×24.5 cm×30 cm的三个岩体模型,模型中心轴线上设置直径为1.2 cm的圆形炮孔,孔深8.8 cm,其中两个模型底部超深2.4 cm,在孔底超深的两个模型中一个孔底添加1.2 cm的消能钢珠和1.2 cm厚的柔性垫层(复合消能结构),另一个模型孔底添加2.4 cm厚的柔性垫层(柔性垫层消能结构)。水域大小设置为30.5 cm×30.5 cm×36 cm,试件置于水域的中央,并在岩体模型周围添加0.4 MPa水压力,以此模拟水下40 m水深环境,模型整体为对称结构,建立1/4模型,模型效果如图2所示。
装药方式采用耦合装药,孔底消能球周围空隙由水填充耦合。炸药采用*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN材料描述,结合JWL状态方程来模拟炸药爆炸过程中压力与体积的相关关系,表达式如式(1)所示,炸药采用表1中的材料参数[13]
式中:p为JWL状态方程决定的压力;V为相对体积;E0为初始比内能;ABR1R2ω为描述JWL方程的独立常数。
水介质采用*MAT_NULL材料实现[14],同时结合式(2)所示的多线性方程描述水的作用。
式中:C0=C2=C3=C5=C6=0;C1=2.02 GPaμ=ρ/ρ0ρρ0分别为初始与当前的材料密度,初始相对体积V0=0.999845。
岩体采用花岗岩,消能球采用铸铁、柔性垫层采用砂土的材料参数取值,采用表2中的相关参数。
岩体、堵塞、消能球以及柔性垫层选用Lagrange网格描述,水、炸药选择Euler网格描述,采用流固耦合算法。为保证爆炸效果的模拟结果真实度高,根据试验要求网格划分精度控制在0.2~0.3 cm左右,对于炸药附近区域的网格相应加密处理,计算时间步长与最小网格相适应,网格划分效果如图3所示。
沿炮孔纵剖面Z方向应力动态分布即轴向应力的分布如图4所示,从动态云图中可以看出最大轴向应力作用于消能球上方的炮孔壁上,以药包为中心向四周呈椭圆形传播。由于消能球波阻抗大于周围岩体介质,炸药爆炸产生的压缩波在球面发生反射,并在消能球斜上方叠加,使得炮孔周围出现高应力区。应力波继续传播到模型边界反射,对混凝土区域造成拉伸破坏,如图4中虚线T区域所示,轴向应力变为拉应力,在拉应力作用下混凝土更容易发生损伤。
对于复合消能爆破技术模型沿炮孔从上到下按照2 cm的间距等距离选取16个单元,每个单元处的轴向应力变化曲线如图5所示。根据应力峰值变化曲线可以看出,应力峰值在爆源附近的岩体单元上取得最大值,向炮孔口衰减的速率明显小于向模型底部传播衰减的速率。
选取的16个单元的轴向应力峰值分布如图6所示,以孔底径向剖面为基准面,在保留岩体部分共选取11个单元,并对系列单元的轴向应力峰值进行了峰值拟合,相关系数大于95%(R2=0.9944),轴向应力峰值在孔底以下岩体中的衰减符合幂函数特征。轴向应力峰值在孔底以下的岩体中快速衰减,在距离孔底5 cm以后衰减速率减小,曲线趋于平缓,轴向应力峰值逐渐保持在30 MPa以下,同样轴向应力峰值在孔底上部的岩石中衰减也十分迅速,岩体上表面单元的轴向应力峰值为36.75 MPa,在距离爆心相同距离的保留岩体单元轴向应力峰值为9.24 MPa,说明应力波在保留岩体中的衰减更快。
在模拟的过程中能量由炸药爆炸而作用到周围介质上,岩体所获得的能量与承受的损伤呈正相关,与空气中爆破不同的是,随着水深的增加,炸药爆炸的能量需克服水压做功,因此岩体获得的能量要小于空气中的岩体爆破[15]。根据水下基坑的爆破开挖要求,在充分破碎岩体的前提条件下要尽可能地保护基岩,使基岩受到的损伤小,因此从能量分布的角度对采用不同爆破技术的模型进行分析。在模拟中不涉及滑移能和沙漏能,因此以式(3)表示总能量。
式中:ΔE为岩体的总能量;ΔE为岩体获得的动能;ΔI为岩体的内能,在LS-DYNA中,以单元的一点应力状态中的六个张量分量计算该单元的内能。
式中:W为应变能密度;V为单元体积;应力矢量σk和应变矢量εk分别定义为
采用复合消能爆破技术模型的保留岩体部分动能、内能和总能量变化如图7所示,由于炮孔底部的消能球和柔性垫层联合作用,能量在不同介质之间不断发生反射和透射,其中通过岩体传播的能量率先到达底部保留岩体部分出现第一个峰值,而在钢球和柔性垫层之间经过反射和透射之后传递过来的能量出现延迟,因此在这部分能量到达以后又出现第二个峰值,使得动能曲线在此处出现波浪状的条纹,之后动能达到峰值并逐渐衰减,根据式(3),保留岩体的总能量是其动能与内能之和,动能曲线随着时间变化趋近于零,保留岩体只剩下内能,在图7中表现为内能曲线与总能量曲线最终重合。
以炮孔底部为界,将岩体分为待爆岩体和保留岩体上下两部分,其能量变化情况如图8所示,由于采用中间起爆的方式,爆炸能量最先作用于待爆岩体,因此保留岩体的能量变化曲线出现的时间晚于炮孔周围岩体。根据表3中上下岩体获得能量表,采用复合消能爆破技术的保留岩体承受炸药爆炸的能量与常规爆破技术相比减少30.52%,柔性垫层消能爆破技术与常规爆破技术相比减少26.24%,采用复合消能爆破技术和柔性垫层消能爆破技术均有明显的消能效果,可以对保留岩体起到明显保护作用。对于待爆岩体,由于消能球球面对能量的反射,增加了岩体的破碎效果,在表3中采用复合消能爆破技术的待爆岩体总能量略高于其他两种爆破技术,说明复合消能爆破技术中的消能球对能量的确能够起到反射的作用、增强待爆岩体破碎程度,但效果并不是十分显著。
岩石爆破损伤模型的研究工作以美国Sandia国家实验室为代表,近20年来,由于Grady[16]、Taylor[17]、刘殿书[18]、Kuszmaul及杨小林等人的出色的工作[19,20],岩石爆破的损伤理论模型得到了普遍的接受,促进了岩石爆破理论研究的较大发展。HJC模型中的损伤以等效塑性应变和塑性体积应变的累积来描述,损伤演化过程表示为
式中:Δεp为等效塑性应变;Δμp为塑性体积应变;D1D2为材料常数;P*为材料所能承受的最大压力;T*为材料所能承受的最大拉伸应力。
在考虑损伤的最不利因素的情况下,认为爆破前后岩体的密度和泊松比没有改变,可建立式(9)中损伤因子D与声波减少率η的相互关系[21]
式中:D为损伤变量;η为爆破前后岩体纵波速度变化率。中国《水工建筑物岩石地基开挖施工技术规范》(SL47—2020)中规定,当岩体纵波速度变化率η>10%时,即判定岩体发生损伤,其对应的岩体损伤因子阈值为D=0.19。
消能爆破技术的模型损伤云图如图9所示,从图中可以看出,损伤范围大致呈漏斗状,在水压的作用下,随着水深的增加爆破漏斗的半径会随之减小[1]
根据图9中的损伤云图,在炮孔以下区域,采用常规爆破技术的模型在炮孔底部以下的损伤范围和损伤程度要明显大于消能爆破技术模型的损伤。在两种消能模型的对比中,对于炮孔以下区域的损伤,复合消能爆破技术的模型损伤范围和程度最小,柔性垫层消能爆破技术模型次之。复合消能爆破技术下孔底以下部分的损伤在损伤云图中分布并不均匀,严重损伤区域(损伤因子达到0.7以上的单元)较少,大部分损伤区域的损伤因子范围在0.1~0.3;柔性垫层消能爆破技术在孔底造成的损伤区域为圆锥形,与常规爆破技术下孔底损伤呈圆弧形的损伤形态存在明显区别。
为对比孔底区域损伤程度,根据损伤云图在炮孔底部范围内均匀选取12个单元测点,由于模型为对称结构,因此以炮孔轴线为基准,在一侧按2 cm的间距取测点,测点分布如图10所示。
共读取了3排12个测点,计算出损伤因子平均值进行对比,如表4所示,每个模型的平均损伤因子DI>0.19,计算结果表明相对于常规装药结构,复合消能爆破技术能够削减保留岩体30.90%的损伤,柔性垫层消能爆破技术也可以削减保留岩体21.03%的损伤,说明消能爆破技术在对基岩损伤的防护上是一种十分有效的技术手段[22]
为对不同爆破技术在孔底的损伤深度进行分析,在炮孔下方的轴向上从第一个单元开始读取每一个单元的损伤因子,直到读取到损伤因子为0的单元为止,由于消能爆破技术的两种模型在孔底采用超深的方式布置消能球和柔性垫层,因此对孔底以下超深区域单元损伤的取点用超深孔周围轴向单元替代,将各单元损伤因子随其与炮孔底部距离的变化绘制于图11中。
图11孔底轴向损伤因子的变化曲线可以看出,加入消能球和柔性垫层的两种模型炮孔底部以下的损伤衰减速率明显大于常规爆破技术模型,在两种消能爆破技术模型中,复合消能爆破技术对岩体损伤的控制效果更好,以式(10)提出的损伤因子DI>0.19作为岩体损伤的判断标准,则复合消能爆破技术模型在距离孔底2.2 cm处岩体不再损伤,而只加入柔性垫层的模型在距离孔底2.7 cm的位置损伤因子衰减至0.1954,常规爆破技术模型的损伤深度达到3.6 cm。相对于传统爆破技术,复合消能爆破技术减小孔底损伤深度38.89%,只加入柔性垫层的消能爆破技术也能降低25%的损伤深度。
综上所述,采用消能爆破技术的模型损伤因子在炮孔轴线上的衰减速度要明显大于常规爆破技术。
通过对水下40 m岩体进行了常规爆破技术和消能爆破技术的三种装药方式爆破的数值模拟,从应力衰减、能量传递、损伤范围和损伤程度考虑,得出了以下结论:
(1)将复合消能爆破技术应用于水下建基面开挖,该技术在水下40 m环境中同样可以取得显著的消能效果,柔性垫层与高阻抗消能球联合作用可以显著控制水下岩体爆破开挖建基面的损伤;
(2)通过对水下40 m的岩体爆破开挖进行数值模拟,对复合消能爆破技术对水下岩体爆破开挖时应力衰减、能量传递、损伤分布进行分析,结果充分验证了该技术在水下岩体爆破开挖的有效性。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51904210)
  • 冶金工业过程系统科学湖北省重点实验室开放研究基金项目(Z202001)
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
  • 武汉科技大学研究生创新创业基金
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2023年第40卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.019
  • 接收时间:2022-09-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-25
基金
国家自然科学基金(51904210)
冶金工业过程系统科学湖北省重点实验室开放研究基金项目(Z202001)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
武汉科技大学研究生创新创业基金
作者信息
    1a.武汉科技大学 理学院,武汉 430065
    1b.武汉科技大学 湖北省智能爆破工程技术中心,武汉 430065
    2.冶金工业过程系统科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430065

通讯作者:

钟冬望(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师、博士,从事岩土工程、矿山工程力学研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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