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Article(id=1241442318948036955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1662220800000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773912513719, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773912513719, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773912513719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912513719, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241442313185063097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773912512346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912765519, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=170, endPage=176, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241442319250026867, articleId=1241442318948036955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Influence Analysis of Blasting Vibration on Stability of Permanent Slope in Open-pit Mine, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the influence of blasting vibration on the stability of permanent slopes in an open-pit mine, this paper takes three pits in the Kamoya-Kazibizi mine as the research object, and compares the effects of blasting vibrations on the stability of the slopes with different rock characteristics. By collating the measured blasting vibration data, the maximum charge per delay and the distances from the measuring points to the center of the blast source, the blast vibration attenuation law and curve are obtained by regression analysis with a power function, which can be used to predict future blasting vibrations. In order to obtain the influence of the distance from the measuring point to the center of the blast source and the maximum charge per delay on the vibration velocity, the distance and charge are taken as the influence factor, and the blasting vibration velocity is taken as the dependent variable. Based on the vibration velocity calculated according to the fitted blasting vibration formula of each pit, nine groups of experimental schemes are designed. Using SPSS software to carry out variance analysis, it is concluded that the distance between the measuring point and the center of the blast source is highly sensitive to the blasting vibration velocity, and has a greater impact on the mine slope vibration. Therefore, for the soft rock slopes of Kazibizi mine and East No.2 mine, 2~3 rows of holes are reserved as a non-blasting area, and mechanical excavation is used to trim the slopes. For the medium hard rock slope of South No.2 mine, pre-split blasting is used to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the slope stability. The research results have reference and application value for other open-pit copper-cobalt mines in Congo.

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为研究爆破振动对露天矿山永久边坡稳定性的影响，以卡莫亚-卡兹比兹矿群中的3个矿坑作为研究对象，对比爆破振动对于不同岩性边坡稳定性的影响。通过选择爆破测振仪并设置测振仪参数，通过振动监测得到测点的爆破振动速度，对爆破振动速度、最大一段起爆药量以及测点到爆源中心距离等数据进行整理，并按照乘幂函数进行回归分析，得出各矿爆破振动速度v与的趋势线，进而得到对应矿坑的爆破振动公式，根据振动公式来预测爆破振动。为得出测点到爆源中心距离和最大一段起爆药量对边坡振动速度的影响大小，把距离与药量作为影响因子，把爆破振动速度作为因变量，并根据各矿拟合得出的爆破振动公式分别计算振动速度，制定九组实验方案；采用SPSS软件进行方差分析，得出测点到爆源中心距离这一因素对于爆破振动速度敏感性较高，对于矿坑边坡振动的影响较大；因此对于卡兹、东二软岩边坡，采取预留2~3排孔作为非爆破区域，采用机械挖掘修坡；对于南二中硬岩石边坡，采用提前进行预裂爆破来减弱爆破振动对边坡稳定性的影响。该研究成果对于刚果（金）其他相同地质条件的露天铜钴矿爆破施工有借鉴及应用的价值。

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厉美杰（1991-），男，工程师、硕士，主要从事矿山爆破研究，（E-mail）。

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厉美杰（1991-），男，工程师、硕士，主要从事矿山爆破研究，（E-mail）。

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厉美杰（1991-），男，工程师、硕士，主要从事矿山爆破研究，（E-mail）。

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Sensitivity analysis of deformation failure factors of joint rock mass under blasting vibration[J]. Northwest Hydropower, 2021(6): 61-64, 74. 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Study on site vibration of open-pit coal mine and its influence on slope safety[J]. Opencast Mining Technology, 2021, 36(1): 22-25. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on site vibration of open-pit coal mine and its influence on slope safety, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241442336299872275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=19, pageStart=152, pageEnd=153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=谭清燕, 何慕平, journalName=世界有色金属, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭清燕, 何慕平. 露天矿山爆破振动监测及分析方法研究[J]. 世界有色金属, 2020(19): 152-153., articleTitle=露天矿山爆破振动监测及分析方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241442336429895705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=19, pageStart=152, pageEnd=153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=TAN Qing-yan, HE Mu-ping, journalName=World Nonferrous Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN Qing-yan, HE Mu-ping. Research on monitoring and analysis method of blasting vibration in open-pit mine[J]. World Nonferrous Metals, 2020(19): 152-153. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on monitoring and analysis method of blasting vibration in open-pit mine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241442336601862180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=1, pageStart=22, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=阳生权, 张家辉, 吕中玉, journalName=工程爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=阳生权, 张家辉, 吕中玉, 等. 较大高程差迎波坡面爆破地震地形效应分析[J]. 工程爆破, 2021, 27(1): 22-28., articleTitle=较大高程差迎波坡面爆破地震地形效应分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241442336752857130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=1, pageStart=22, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=YANG Sheng-quan, ZHANG Jia-hui, LV Zhong-yu, journalName=Engineering Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Sheng-quan, ZHANG Jia-hui, LV Zhong-yu, et al. Analysis of the seismic topographical effect of blasting on the upside-wave slope with large elevation difference[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2021, 27(1): 22-28. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of the seismic topographical effect of blasting on the upside-wave slope with large elevation difference, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241442336845131821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=黄伯强, 李启才, journalName=统计与决策, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄伯强, 李启才. 带交互作用的双因素方差分析的线性回归建模[J]. 统计与决策, 2021, 37(1): 10-15., articleTitle=带交互作用的双因素方差分析的线性回归建模, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241442336933212208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=HUANG Bo-qiang, LI Qi-cai, journalName=Statistics and Decision, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Bo-qiang, LI Qi-cai. Linear regression modeling of two-factor analysis of variance with interaction[J]. Statistics and Decision, 2021, 37(1): 10-15. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Linear regression modeling of two-factor analysis of variance with interaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241442337059041335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=129, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=孙冰, 罗志业, 曾晟, journalName=矿业安全与环保, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙冰, 罗志业, 曾晟, 等. 爆破振动影响因素及控制技术研究现状[J]. 矿业安全与环保, 2021, 48(6): 129-134., articleTitle=爆破振动影响因素及控制技术研究现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241442337197453370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=129, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=SUN Bing, LUO Zhi-ye, ZENG Sheng, journalName=Mining Safety and Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Bing, LUO Zhi-ye, ZENG Sheng, et al. Research status of blasting vibration influencing factors and control technology[J]. Mining Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 48(6): 129-134. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research status of blasting vibration influencing factors and control technology, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241442323779875423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241442323784069728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, companyId=1241442323779875423, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=North Blasting Technology Limited Company, Beijing 100097, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241442323792458338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, companyId=1241442323779875423, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北方爆破科技有限公司，北京　100097)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241442329047921453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic diagram of the charge structure (unit: m), figureFileSmall=0yxVJGf9ZVDYy1B9vM8IsQ==, figureFileBig=NDSOXOTDfwjb+doVwVv1Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442329131807539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=图1, caption=装药结构示意图（单位：m）, figureFileSmall=0yxVJGf9ZVDYy1B9vM8IsQ==, figureFileBig=NDSOXOTDfwjb+doVwVv1Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442329400243010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Blasting vibration regression results, figureFileSmall=o9Dg9GsM7duLTQgABQ+DVg==, figureFileBig=Clq+z+Pl+4GsF8AY/1vNJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442329500906311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=图2, caption=爆破振动回归趋势线, figureFileSmall=o9Dg9GsM7duLTQgABQ+DVg==, figureFileBig=Clq+z+Pl+4GsF8AY/1vNJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442329618346831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mineral lithology and bench design parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿坑主要岩性边坡设计最终帮坡角/°台阶高度/m台阶坡面角/°最大采深/m
南二碳质白云岩、硅化白云岩、白云质页岩、白云质粉砂岩651275300
东二泥质白云质粉砂岩，白云质页岩601275167
卡兹比兹粉砂岩601275183
), ArticleFig(id=1241442331195405142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矿群岩性及台阶设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿坑主要岩性边坡设计最终帮坡角/°台阶高度/m台阶坡面角/°最大采深/m
南二碳质白云岩、硅化白云岩、白云质页岩、白云质粉砂岩651275300
东二泥质白云质粉砂岩，白云质页岩601275167
卡兹比兹粉砂岩601275183
), ArticleFig(id=1241442331358983005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Blasting parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔径/mm超深/m孔距/m排距/m炸药类型堵塞长度/m装药长度/m延米装药量/（kg·m-1）孔间延期/ms排间延期/ms孔内延期/ms
1381.55.5/64/5铵油/乳化5~67~812.5（铵油）1742500
), ArticleFig(id=1241442331484812132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

爆破施工参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔径/mm超深/m孔距/m排距/m炸药类型堵塞长度/m装药长度/m延米装药量/（kg·m-1）孔间延期/ms排间延期/ms孔内延期/ms
1381.55.5/64/5铵油/乳化5~67~812.5（铵油）1742500
), ArticleFig(id=1241442331623224171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Blasting vibration test results of South No.2 Mine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆区编号测点标号矢量合速度v/（cm·s-1）测点到爆源中心距离R/m最大一段起爆药量Q/kg
SⅡ1360-1348-001118.3845.9960
224.4041.3960
SⅡ1324-1312-001311.9050.8900
43.70124.5900
52.9093.0900
SⅡ1372-1360-00160.47287.6600
70.47176.5600
81.25288.8600
910.9248.0600
SⅡ1324-1312-002105.7086.01280
116.9098.01280
123.90151.01280
), ArticleFig(id=1241442331711304561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

南二矿爆破振动测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆区编号测点标号矢量合速度v/（cm·s-1）测点到爆源中心距离R/m最大一段起爆药量Q/kg
SⅡ1360-1348-001118.3845.9960
224.4041.3960
SⅡ1324-1312-001311.9050.8900
43.70124.5900
52.9093.0900
SⅡ1372-1360-00160.47287.6600
70.47176.5600
81.25288.8600
910.9248.0600
SⅡ1324-1312-002105.7086.01280
116.9098.01280
123.90151.01280
), ArticleFig(id=1241442331816162168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Blasting vibration test results of East No.2 Mine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆区编号测点标号矢量合速度v/（cm·s-1）测点到爆源中心距离R/m最大一段起爆药量Q/kg
EⅡ1377-1365-00114.4054.8200
23.4055.2200
34.2057.2200
EⅡ1377-1365-00242.41109.0612.5
53.63101.0612.5
EⅡ1389-1372-00161.50104.2500
70.70152.9500
80.36242.7500
90.36263.9500
), ArticleFig(id=1241442331904242560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

东二矿爆破振动测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆区编号测点标号矢量合速度v/（cm·s-1）测点到爆源中心距离R/m最大一段起爆药量Q/kg
EⅡ1377-1365-00114.4054.8200
23.4055.2200
34.2057.2200
EⅡ1377-1365-00242.41109.0612.5
53.63101.0612.5
EⅡ1389-1372-00161.50104.2500
70.70152.9500
80.36242.7500
90.36263.9500
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332025877385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The results of the blasting vibration test of Kazibizi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆区编号测点标号矢量合速度v/（cm·s-1）测点到爆源中心距离R/m最大一段起爆药量Q/kg
KZ1376-1364-001126.6832.2612.5
211.1353.9612.5
310.1957.7612.5
49.2761.7612.5
53.6780.3612.5
62.04103.6612.5
KZ1364-1352-001713.6051.6800
86.7068.4800
94.00101.2800
101.80178.0800
110.40339.5800
KZ1364-1352-002124.6086.1700
133.0492.9700
140.94158.7700
150.52171.1700
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332147512209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

卡兹比兹爆破振动测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆区编号测点标号矢量合速度v/（cm·s-1）测点到爆源中心距离R/m最大一段起爆药量Q/kg
KZ1376-1364-001126.6832.2612.5
211.1353.9612.5
310.1957.7612.5
49.2761.7612.5
53.6780.3612.5
62.04103.6612.5
KZ1364-1352-001713.6051.6800
86.7068.4800
94.00101.2800
101.80178.0800
110.40339.5800
KZ1364-1352-002124.6086.1700
133.0492.9700
140.94158.7700
150.52171.1700
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332277535638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis table of each plan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
距离R/m药量Q/kg南二振动速度v1/（cm·s-1）东二振动速度v2/（cm·s-1）卡兹振动速度v3/（cm·s-1）
504008.618.018.63
5060010.8010.5811.35
5080012.6812.8813.78
1504001.360.840.93
1506001.711.111.23
1508002.011.351.49
2504000.580.290.33
2506000.730.390.44
2508000.850.470.53
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332403364767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各矿方案分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
距离R/m药量Q/kg南二振动速度v1/（cm·s-1）东二振动速度v2/（cm·s-1）卡兹振动速度v3/（cm·s-1）
504008.618.018.63
5060010.8010.5811.35
5080012.6812.8813.78
1504001.360.840.93
1506001.711.111.23
1508002.011.351.49
2504000.580.290.33
2506000.730.390.44
2508000.850.470.53
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332529193895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

East No.2 mine variance analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
源Ⅲ型平方和df均方FSig
校正模型196.088a449.02228.5700.003
截距143.3521143.35283.5440.001
测点到爆源中心距离190.935295.46855.6380.001
一次最大起爆药量5.15322.5771.5020.326
误差6.86441.716  
总计346.3049   
校正的总计202.9528   
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332642440109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

东二方差分析结果

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源Ⅲ型平方和df均方FSig
校正模型196.088a449.02228.5700.003
截距143.3521143.35283.5440.001
测点到爆源中心距离190.935295.46855.6380.001
一次最大起爆药量5.15322.5771.5020.326
误差6.86441.716  
总计346.3049   
校正的总计202.9528   
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332751492015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

South No.2 mine variance analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
源Ⅲ型平方和df均方FSig
校正模型185.687a446.42242.2260.002
截距171.8821171.882156.3480.000
测点到爆源中心距离181.523290.76182.5590.001
一次最大起爆药量4.16422.0821.8940.264
误差4.39741.099  
总计361.9669   
校正的总计190.0848   
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332868932533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

南二方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
源Ⅲ型平方和df均方FSig
校正模型185.687a446.42242.2260.002
截距171.8821171.882156.3480.000
测点到爆源中心距离181.523290.76182.5590.001
一次最大起爆药量4.16422.0821.8940.264
误差4.39741.099  
总计361.9669   
校正的总计190.0848   
), ArticleFig(id=1241442332982178746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Kazibizi mine variance analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
源Ⅲ型平方和df均方FSig
校正模型224.128a456.03229.4360.003
截距166.5141166.51487.4760.001
测点到爆源中心距离218.3212109.16057.3460.001
一次最大起爆药量5.80722.9041.5250.322
误差7.61441.904  
总计398.2569   
校正的总计231.7428   
), ArticleFig(id=1241442333095424959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318948036955, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

卡兹方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
源Ⅲ型平方和df均方FSig
校正模型224.128a456.03229.4360.003
截距166.5141166.51487.4760.001
测点到爆源中心距离218.3212109.16057.3460.001
一次最大起爆药量5.80722.9041.5250.322
误差7.61441.904  
总计398.2569   
校正的总计231.7428   
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爆破振动对露天矿山永久边坡稳定性的影响分析
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厉美杰 , 杜军 , 王洪强 , 李泽华
爆破 | 安全与管理 2023,40(1): 170-176
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2023, 40(1): 170-176
爆破振动对露天矿山永久边坡稳定性的影响分析
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厉美杰 , 杜军, 王洪强, 李泽华
作者信息
  • 北方爆破科技有限公司，北京　100097

    • 厉美杰（1991-），男，工程师、硕士，主要从事矿山爆破研究，（E-mail）。

Influence Analysis of Blasting Vibration on Stability of Permanent Slope in Open-pit Mine
Mei-jie LI , Jun DU, Hong-qiang WANG, Ze-hua LI
Affiliations
  • North Blasting Technology Limited Company, Beijing 100097, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.023
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摘要
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为研究爆破振动对露天矿山永久边坡稳定性的影响，以卡莫亚-卡兹比兹矿群中的3个矿坑作为研究对象，对比爆破振动对于不同岩性边坡稳定性的影响。通过选择爆破测振仪并设置测振仪参数，通过振动监测得到测点的爆破振动速度，对爆破振动速度、最大一段起爆药量以及测点到爆源中心距离等数据进行整理，并按照乘幂函数进行回归分析，得出各矿爆破振动速度v与的趋势线，进而得到对应矿坑的爆破振动公式，根据振动公式来预测爆破振动。为得出测点到爆源中心距离和最大一段起爆药量对边坡振动速度的影响大小，把距离与药量作为影响因子，把爆破振动速度作为因变量，并根据各矿拟合得出的爆破振动公式分别计算振动速度，制定九组实验方案；采用SPSS软件进行方差分析，得出测点到爆源中心距离这一因素对于爆破振动速度敏感性较高，对于矿坑边坡振动的影响较大；因此对于卡兹、东二软岩边坡，采取预留2~3排孔作为非爆破区域，采用机械挖掘修坡；对于南二中硬岩石边坡，采用提前进行预裂爆破来减弱爆破振动对边坡稳定性的影响。该研究成果对于刚果（金）其他相同地质条件的露天铜钴矿爆破施工有借鉴及应用的价值。

爆破振动  /  永久边坡  /  矿群  /  公式拟合  /  方差分析

In order to study the influence of blasting vibration on the stability of permanent slopes in an open-pit mine, this paper takes three pits in the Kamoya-Kazibizi mine as the research object, and compares the effects of blasting vibrations on the stability of the slopes with different rock characteristics. By collating the measured blasting vibration data, the maximum charge per delay and the distances from the measuring points to the center of the blast source, the blast vibration attenuation law and curve are obtained by regression analysis with a power function, which can be used to predict future blasting vibrations. In order to obtain the influence of the distance from the measuring point to the center of the blast source and the maximum charge per delay on the vibration velocity, the distance and charge are taken as the influence factor, and the blasting vibration velocity is taken as the dependent variable. Based on the vibration velocity calculated according to the fitted blasting vibration formula of each pit, nine groups of experimental schemes are designed. Using SPSS software to carry out variance analysis, it is concluded that the distance between the measuring point and the center of the blast source is highly sensitive to the blasting vibration velocity, and has a greater impact on the mine slope vibration. Therefore, for the soft rock slopes of Kazibizi mine and East No.2 mine, 2~3 rows of holes are reserved as a non-blasting area, and mechanical excavation is used to trim the slopes. For the medium hard rock slope of South No.2 mine, pre-split blasting is used to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the slope stability. The research results have reference and application value for other open-pit copper-cobalt mines in Congo.

blasting vibration  /  permanent slope  /  mine group  /  formula fitting  /  variance analysis
厉美杰, 杜军, 王洪强, 李泽华. 爆破振动对露天矿山永久边坡稳定性的影响分析. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (1) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.023
Mei-jie LI, Jun DU, Hong-qiang WANG, Ze-hua LI. Influence Analysis of Blasting Vibration on Stability of Permanent Slope in Open-pit Mine[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (1) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.023
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边坡安全是露天开采中重要的安全问题之一，爆破作业是露天开采中的重要环节，爆破产生的振动效应会破坏边坡中岩石的内聚力、抗压强度以及内摩擦角等关系着矿坑边坡稳定的因素的原本结构，进而带来安全问题。国内外专家学者针对爆破振动做了大量研究，王旭为研究爆破振动信号在高陡边坡传播规律，提出了测点布置原则，并基于HHT方法研究了IMF分量、Hilbert瞬时能量谱、能量谱及边际谱[1]；李继业等人对节理岩体爆破振动传播衰减规律进行研究，通过相似模拟实验，采用TC-4850监测入射波与出射波爆破振动速度，得出爆破振速衰减随着节理倾角的增大而减小且变化幅度显著[2]；马文有通过多次爆破振动试验，现场收集爆破振动数据，根据爆破振动计算萨道夫斯基公式，利用数学回归分析的方法计算出矿山爆破振动K和a值[3]；代树红等人对露天煤矿爆破振动速度计算公式进行研究，通过回归分析对比了传统萨道夫斯基公式与考虑高程后改进公式的相对误差，并采用量纲分析法推导出适用于计算露天煤矿爆破振动速度的公式[4]；范新宇等人对爆破振动作用下节理岩体边坡变形破坏因素进行敏感性分析，利用正交设计试验对各项指标进行交互组合，通过灰关联分析法计算各因素对稳定系数的关联度，结果表明爆破振动作用对边坡稳定影响最大[5]。重点对南二矿坑、东二矿坑、卡兹比兹矿坑构成的矿群进行爆破振动测试，对比不同岩性下爆破振动对于边坡稳定性的影响，通过爆破测振仪测试测点的振动速度，并按照乘幂函数进行回归分析，得出各矿爆破振动速度v与的趋势线，进而得到对应矿坑的爆破振动公式；对测点到爆源中心距离和最大一段起爆药量两因素进行敏感性分析，得出爆破振动对边坡稳定性影响的主要因素，同时根据研究结果提出针对软岩区和中硬岩区减弱爆破振动的施工措施。
1　工程概况
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1.1　矿群概况
卡莫亚-卡兹比兹矿群位于赞比亚—刚果（金）铜矿带的北西部，该矿群主要开采铜钴混合矿，主要研究对象为矿群内的南二矿坑、东二矿坑及卡兹比兹矿坑。矿群所处区域每年分旱、雨两季：4-11月为旱季，基本无降雨；12月到翌年4月为雨季，大雨乃至暴雨不断，全年99%的降水来自雨季，其中南二矿坑进入水位线下区域开采阶段。各矿坑主要岩性及台阶设计参数见表1。
1.2　爆破施工概况
爆破炮孔统一采用三角形布孔，高风压潜孔钻机穿孔，采用V型或斜线型逐孔起爆方式微差起爆，具体爆破参数如表2。装药结构为连续耦合装药，孔内放置高精度导爆管雷管及起爆弹，起爆弹置于装药中心处，如图1所示。
2　爆破振动测试与数据分析
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2.1　爆破振动测试
2.1.1　测振仪型号及主要参数设置
（1）本试验选用TC-4850爆破测振仪，测振仪由传感器、记录仪、充电头、数据线、信号线五个部分组成，并另附钢钎一个，可在软弱岩层或土层固定使用。主要参数包括采样频率、采样时间、触发电平、触发条件、采样延时等参数。
（2）采样频率为该测点频率估值的100倍以上。
（3）根据孔网延期时间选择相应的采样时间，采样时间是仪器从触发开始记录到记录完毕的时间。
（4）为了保证有效采集到信号，避免周围干扰信号致使误触发，根据测试区的地形地质条件以及爆破参数和方式，预估爆破振动衰减系数k，α值，估算各测点的最大爆破振动峰值，将触发电平值设为被测信号幅度峰值的20%，这样既避免误触发，又能保证有效信号可靠触发。
（5）触发条件选择内触发。
（6）为了保证不丢失触发前的信号头，需要在信号缓存区内预留一定空间保存信号头，即从触发点向前预保留数据，因此需要设置负延时，采样延时设置为：-2000~+2000 ms区间[6]。
2.1.2　测点布置原则
（1）以爆区几何中心作为爆源中心，在爆破振动影响范围内布置测点；
（2）测点布置选择原状土层或基岩，避开沟槽、地形突变和人工改造的位置；
（3）测点传感器x方向指向振源中心，在测点位置0.5~1 m处设置对照点，以保证x方向误差±3°以内。
2.2　爆破振动数据分析及公式拟合
2.2.1　爆破振动数据测试结果
见表3~表5。
2.2.2　公式拟合
根据萨道夫斯基公式，式中v代表爆破振动波的矢量合速度，Q代表一次最大起爆药量（延期时间小于8 ms），R代表测点到爆源中心距离，k、α是与岩性有关的系数。将测得振动数据按照乘幂函数进行回归分析，得出各矿爆破振动速度v与的趋势线如下。拟合度分别为东二R2=0.9524，卡兹比兹R2=0.9825，南二R2=0.9534，整体拟合度较高，其中卡兹比兹的拟合度最高，南二其次，说明与实际矿山条件下的爆破振动趋势接近[7]。见图2。
根据振动回归趋势线拟合出对应矿坑的爆破振动公式，其中南二为；东二为；卡兹比兹。根据每个矿坑对应的公式可以对今后爆破振动进行预测，并通过调整爆破参数等方式来降低爆破振动对永久边坡稳定性的影响。根据拟合结果可以看出k值排列顺序为：卡兹比兹>东二>南二；α值排列顺序为：东二>卡兹比兹>南二；根据《爆破设计与施工》中k、α范围与岩性关系，可以得出南二矿的岩石硬度要大于卡兹比兹及东二，进一步得出南二矿边坡属于中硬岩石边坡，卡兹比兹和东二矿边坡属于软岩边坡，这与矿山实际岩石地质情况相符。由于软岩边坡稳定性相对较差，因此卡兹比兹及东二矿的边坡监测及防护尤其重要[8]。
3　爆破振动速度影响因素的方差分析
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3.1　试验方案
为得出测点到爆源中心距离R和最大一段起爆药量Q对边坡振动速度V的影响大小，把距离R与药量Q作为影响因子，并根据上述各矿拟合得出的爆破振动公式分别计算振动速度。测点到爆源中心的距离分别取50 m、150 m、250 m，最大一段起爆药量分别取400 kg、600 kg、800 kg，计算振动速度，分别得到九组试验方案如表6。
3.2　方差分析
将表6中振动速度作为因变量，距离及药量作为因子，导入SPSS软件进行方差分析，显著性水平α取0.05，得出各矿方差分析结果见表7~表9。根据方差分析理论，如果sig<α，说明结果显著，从表7~9中可以看出三个矿的一次最大起爆药量的因素sig值均大于0.05，说明在目前爆破规模下一次最大起爆药量对于爆破振动速度敏感性较低，对于矿坑边坡振动的影响较小；而测点到爆源中心距离这一因素的sig值均小于0.05，说明测点到爆源中心距离对于爆破振动速度敏感性较高，对于矿坑边坡振动的影响较大。因此未来对于该露天矿群边坡爆破振动的控制应该侧重于增大爆源距永久边坡的距离，对于卡兹、东二软岩边坡，可以采取预留2~3排孔作为非爆破区域，采用机械挖掘并修坡的形式来保护永久边坡；对于南二中硬岩石边坡，可以采用在边坡设计线上钻探预裂孔，提前进行预裂爆破来减弱爆破振动对永久边坡的影响[9,10]。
4　结论
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（1）通过爆破振动测试并对数据进行整理分析，运用回归分析法得出可以预测各矿爆破振动规律的公式，同时结果表明软岩区的K、α值大于硬岩区。
（2）通过对边坡距爆源距离和一次最大段起爆药量进行影响因素敏感性分析，得出在现有爆破规模下，爆破振动对于该矿群永久边坡稳定性影响的主要因素是边坡距爆源距离，而一次最大起爆药量对于该矿群边坡爆破振动影响较小。
（3）根据影响因素的分析结果并结合实际施工情况，对于中硬岩石边坡采取提前进行单独的预裂爆破来减小爆破振动对永久边坡稳定性的影响；对于软岩边坡采取预留2~3排非爆破区域，由机械开挖并修坡来减弱爆破振动对矿山永久边坡稳定性的影响。
文献
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2023年第40卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.023
  • 接收时间：2022-09-04
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期：2022-09-04
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    北方爆破科技有限公司，北京　100097
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