Article(id=1241442318130147629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669824000000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773912513524, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773912513524, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773912513524, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912513524, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241442313185063097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773912512346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912765519, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=30, endPage=36, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241442318520217917, articleId=1241442318130147629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Crushing Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Graphite Ore Rock under Impact Loads, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the crushing energy dissipation characteristics of graphite ore rock under impact loads, ϕ 50 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device is used to conduct impact compression tests. The crushing energy dissipation law of the graphite ore rock samples is analyzed under different loading rates with five different impact pressures from 0.2 MPa to 0.6 MPa with a 0.1 MPa interval. The test results show that the dynamic compressive strength of the samples have a strong third-order polynomial relationship with the average strain rate under impact loads. The graphite ore rock has dynamic hardening under impact loads, and its dynamic compressive strength increases nonlinearly with the increase of strain rate, which shows an obvious strain rate effect. In addition, there is an obvious logarithmic relationship between the crushing dissipation energy and the incident energy. With the increase of incident energy, the crushing dissipation energy also increases. However, the proportion of the crushing energy gradually decreases from 0.38 to 0.11. The crushing energy dissipation density of the samples has an obvious strain rate effect, and its value increases with the increase of strain rate. Besides, the average particle size of the broken samples is strongly correlated with the energy dissipation density of the samples. As the energy dissipation density increases, the crushing degree of the sample becomes more severe. Therefore, the average particle size of the crushing fragments can be used to quantitatively describe the crushing degree of the samples.

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为了研究晶质石墨矿石试样在冲击荷载作用下的破碎能耗特征,采用ϕ 50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,设置气压间隔为0.1 MPa,0.2~0.6 MPa共5组冲击气压,进行不同加载速率条件下石墨矿石试样冲击压缩试验,并分析石墨矿石试样破碎能耗规律。试验结果表明:在冲击荷载作用下,石墨矿石试样的动态抗压强度与平均应变率具有较强的三阶多项式关系,且石墨矿石在冲击荷载作用下具有动态硬化作用,其动态抗压强度随着应变率的增大呈非线性增大,呈现明显的应变率效应;石墨矿石试样破碎耗能与入射能具有显著的对数关系,随着入射能增大,试样破碎耗能也随之增大,但其试样破碎耗能所占比例随应变率增大逐渐由0.38下降至0.11;随着平均应变率增大,石墨矿石试样破碎耗能密度呈非线性增长,具有较强的应变率效应;石墨矿石试样的破碎平均粒径与破碎耗能密度具有显著的三阶多项式相关关系,随着石墨矿石试样耗能密度增加,石墨矿石试样破碎程度加剧,可以采用石墨矿石试样破碎块度平均粒径实现对石墨矿石试样破碎程度进行定量描述。

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雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师。主要从事采矿、数字化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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叶海旺(1971-),男,博士、教授、博导,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

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叶海旺(1971-),男,博士、教授、博导,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

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caption=Relationship between average particle size and energy consumption density of graphite ore crushing, figureFileSmall=nfoSZGDfADJTLAaZUv6iGw==, figureFileBig=CUeELyBtYhy1RM9CLimqnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442341639221402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318130147629, language=CN, label=图8, caption=石墨矿石破碎平均粒径与破碎能耗密度关系, figureFileSmall=nfoSZGDfADJTLAaZUv6iGw==, figureFileBig=CUeELyBtYhy1RM9CLimqnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442341714718874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442318130147629, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic physical parameters of graphite ore sample

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密度/(g·cm-3纵波波速/(m·s-1弹性模量/GPa泊松比抗压强度/MPa
2.655292429.350.17554.42
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石墨矿石试样基本物理参数

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密度/(g·cm-3纵波波速/(m·s-1弹性模量/GPa泊松比抗压强度/MPa
2.655292429.350.17554.42
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Results of fragment screening of graphite ore rock samples under impact loads

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耗能密度/(J·cm-3 各筛孔筛上累计质量百分比/% 破碎平均粒径/mm
>40 mm31.5~40 mm20~31.5 mm16~20 mm10~16 mm5~10 mm2.5~5 mm<2.5 mm
0.509915.51835.17116.9757.75916.8184.4511.4971.81227.9234
0.578640.6485.1406.05018.2465.73312.0215.3386.64326.9342
0.63579.65513.89914.39914.94016.14617.1875.5358.24019.4090
0.65757.87111.70112.87315.89824.31215.5105.4676.35918.5131
0.74346.9504.5156.5524.25037.45023.4628.0128.80914.2324
0.830907.78715.4927.99223.15624.3449.63111.59813.5537
0.839406.6263.14910.02026.83027.48511.94313.94711.1548
0.8619008.96111.66131.95627.0058.83811.57911.0622
1.06910010.9939.03027.83729.99611.58210.56110.8910
1.04420010.51011.32125.46429.71411.90111.09010.8679
1.1343004.52612.84328.89731.64410.09711.99210.1358
1.2204003.2587.09931.84634.60011.21011.9869.4220
1.2980004.2879.19721.74633.04814.45817.2648.8229
1.35850005.47131.69837.3299.77515.7288.4682
1.46800001.42619.37432.68620.28526.2286.3154
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石墨矿石试样冲击荷载作用下碎块筛分结果

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耗能密度/(J·cm-3 各筛孔筛上累计质量百分比/% 破碎平均粒径/mm
>40 mm31.5~40 mm20~31.5 mm16~20 mm10~16 mm5~10 mm2.5~5 mm<2.5 mm
0.509915.51835.17116.9757.75916.8184.4511.4971.81227.9234
0.578640.6485.1406.05018.2465.73312.0215.3386.64326.9342
0.63579.65513.89914.39914.94016.14617.1875.5358.24019.4090
0.65757.87111.70112.87315.89824.31215.5105.4676.35918.5131
0.74346.9504.5156.5524.25037.45023.4628.0128.80914.2324
0.830907.78715.4927.99223.15624.3449.63111.59813.5537
0.839406.6263.14910.02026.83027.48511.94313.94711.1548
0.8619008.96111.66131.95627.0058.83811.57911.0622
1.06910010.9939.03027.83729.99611.58210.56110.8910
1.04420010.51011.32125.46429.71411.90111.09010.8679
1.1343004.52612.84328.89731.64410.09711.99210.1358
1.2204003.2587.09931.84634.60011.21011.9869.4220
1.2980004.2879.19721.74633.04814.45817.2648.8229
1.35850005.47131.69837.3299.77515.7288.4682
1.46800001.42619.37432.68620.28526.2286.3154
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冲击荷载下石墨矿石破碎能耗特征
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叶海旺 1a, 1b , 严立德 1a , 雷涛 1a, 1b , 王其洲 1a, 1b , 余梦豪 1a , 李兴旺 1a , 温颖 1a , 高玉文 2 , 周建敏 3 , M G DAHE 1a
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023,40(1): 30-36
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023, 40(1): 30-36
冲击荷载下石墨矿石破碎能耗特征
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叶海旺1a, 1b , 严立德1a, 雷涛1a, 1b , 王其洲1a, 1b, 余梦豪1a, 李兴旺1a, 温颖1a, 高玉文2, 周建敏3, M G DAHE1a
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
  • 1b.武汉理工大学 矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 2.五矿勘查开发有限公司,北京 100044
  • 3.保利新联爆破工程集团有限公司,贵阳 550002
  • 叶海旺(1971-),男,博士、教授、博导,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

通讯作者:

雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师。主要从事采矿、数字化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
Crushing Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Graphite Ore Rock under Impact Loads
Hai-wang YE1a, 1b , Li-de YAN1a, Tao LEI1a, 1b , Qi-zhou WANG1a, 1b, Meng-hao YU1a, Xing-wang LI1a, Ying WEN1a, Yu-wen GAO2, Jian-min ZHOU3, M G DAHE1a
Affiliations
  • 1a.School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 1b.Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2.Minmetals Exploration and Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China
  • 3.Poly Xinlian Blasting Engineering Limited Company, Guiyang 550002, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.004
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为了研究晶质石墨矿石试样在冲击荷载作用下的破碎能耗特征,采用ϕ 50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,设置气压间隔为0.1 MPa,0.2~0.6 MPa共5组冲击气压,进行不同加载速率条件下石墨矿石试样冲击压缩试验,并分析石墨矿石试样破碎能耗规律。试验结果表明:在冲击荷载作用下,石墨矿石试样的动态抗压强度与平均应变率具有较强的三阶多项式关系,且石墨矿石在冲击荷载作用下具有动态硬化作用,其动态抗压强度随着应变率的增大呈非线性增大,呈现明显的应变率效应;石墨矿石试样破碎耗能与入射能具有显著的对数关系,随着入射能增大,试样破碎耗能也随之增大,但其试样破碎耗能所占比例随应变率增大逐渐由0.38下降至0.11;随着平均应变率增大,石墨矿石试样破碎耗能密度呈非线性增长,具有较强的应变率效应;石墨矿石试样的破碎平均粒径与破碎耗能密度具有显著的三阶多项式相关关系,随着石墨矿石试样耗能密度增加,石墨矿石试样破碎程度加剧,可以采用石墨矿石试样破碎块度平均粒径实现对石墨矿石试样破碎程度进行定量描述。

冲击荷载  /  破碎块度  /  破碎耗能  /  分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)

In order to study the crushing energy dissipation characteristics of graphite ore rock under impact loads, ϕ 50 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device is used to conduct impact compression tests. The crushing energy dissipation law of the graphite ore rock samples is analyzed under different loading rates with five different impact pressures from 0.2 MPa to 0.6 MPa with a 0.1 MPa interval. The test results show that the dynamic compressive strength of the samples have a strong third-order polynomial relationship with the average strain rate under impact loads. The graphite ore rock has dynamic hardening under impact loads, and its dynamic compressive strength increases nonlinearly with the increase of strain rate, which shows an obvious strain rate effect. In addition, there is an obvious logarithmic relationship between the crushing dissipation energy and the incident energy. With the increase of incident energy, the crushing dissipation energy also increases. However, the proportion of the crushing energy gradually decreases from 0.38 to 0.11. The crushing energy dissipation density of the samples has an obvious strain rate effect, and its value increases with the increase of strain rate. Besides, the average particle size of the broken samples is strongly correlated with the energy dissipation density of the samples. As the energy dissipation density increases, the crushing degree of the sample becomes more severe. Therefore, the average particle size of the crushing fragments can be used to quantitatively describe the crushing degree of the samples.

impact load  /  crushing fragment  /  crushing energy dissipation  /  split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB)
叶海旺, 严立德, 雷涛, 王其洲, 余梦豪, 李兴旺, 温颖, 高玉文, 周建敏, M G DAHE. 冲击荷载下石墨矿石破碎能耗特征. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (1) : 30 -36 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.004
Hai-wang YE, Li-de YAN, Tao LEI, Qi-zhou WANG, Meng-hao YU, Xing-wang LI, Ying WEN, Yu-wen GAO, Jian-min ZHOU, M G DAHE. Crushing Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Graphite Ore Rock under Impact Loads[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (1) : 30 -36 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.004
我国石墨矿产资源丰富,属于非金属优势矿产之一[1]。工业上根据是否含有石墨鳞片将石墨矿石划分为晶质(鳞片状)石墨矿石和隐晶质(土状)石墨矿石两大类。据统计,全国石墨矿床中大部分均为晶质石墨矿。在工业生产方面,晶质石墨是生产润滑剂基料、耐火材料、电子产品等重要产品不可或缺的原料[2,3]。和大多数矿山生产方式一样,石墨矿山主要以爆破方式进行落矿,在此过程中矿岩块度及爆堆应满足后续装运工作要求。因此,针对石墨矿石破碎过程中能量传递规律、耗能规律以及破碎块度特征开展研究,可为矿山石墨矿石的爆破破岩提供理论支撑,有效提高矿山爆破破岩过程中的能量利用率[4]
SHPB试验是目前研究岩石动态力学特性和能耗特性的主要方法[5],一些学者通过SHPB试验针对不同岩石破碎能耗规律以及破碎块度特征开展研究。平琦,余永强等获取了煤系砂岩的能耗规律[6,7]。甘德清等获取了磁铁矿石冲击荷载作用下破碎块度分布与破碎耗能的关系[8]。Hong等得出了花岗岩、砂岩、石灰岩这三种岩石在冲击荷载作用岩石破碎耗能密度与岩石破碎平均粒径具有较强的指数关系[9]。纪杰杰等得到了花岗岩和砂岩两种岩石在冲击荷载作用下的破碎分形特征[10]。Li等发现花岗岩冲击破碎时吸收能主要消耗于新断面的生成[11],并且与应变率呈线性相关。除了岩性对岩石破碎耗能的影响,一些学者也对其他方面进行了研究,温森等研究了岩层倾角对复合岩样能量耗散的影响,并得到了不同倾角试样平均破碎尺寸随吸收能变化曲线[12]。武仁杰等发现了不同层理倾角的层状岩石冲击荷载作用下的破碎块度分布特征以及耗能规律[13],获取了层状岩石试样的破碎块度分形维数同破碎能耗密度之间的规律特征。许江波等分析了不同节理倾角千枚岩的能量传递规律和强度衰减特征,并分析了干燥与保水状态下节理千枚岩的动力学特性[14]
上述学者针对砂岩、煤岩、千枚岩以及花岗岩等岩样的能量耗散规律与破碎特征的研究表明,不同类型岩样的破碎耗能规律存在差异。因此,为获取石墨矿石的破碎能耗特性,采用SHPB试验装置,分别以5种不同冲击气压进行晶质石墨矿石水平冲击压缩试验,研究冲击荷载作用下石墨矿石破碎能耗特征与块度特征,获取石墨矿岩样破碎过程中破碎块度与破碎耗能关系,从而获取石墨矿石破碎过程的耗能规律,为石墨矿山的合理开采与破碎提供理论依据,提高爆破破碎过程中的能量利用率。
本次石墨矿石动态冲击压缩试验使用直径50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆试验系统(SHPB)进行,采用不同气压进行石墨矿石试样水平冲击压缩实验。SHPB实验装置包括冲击弹头及导向装置、压杆气炮装置(加载装置)、输入杆和输出杆,以及增压泵、动态应变仪等。输入杆与输出杆长度均为2500 mm,直径均为ϕ 50 mm,实验装置结构如图1所示。
图2为霍普金森冲击试验原理示意图,进行石墨矿石试样的动态冲击压缩试验时,将石墨矿石试样共轴放置于输入杆与输出杆之间。调节压杆气炮装置,使冲击弹头以一定的速率沿导向装置冲出并与输入杆对心碰撞,输入杆杆端在子弹的冲击荷载作用下产生应力脉冲(入射波),根据一维应力波传播特性,入射波沿输入杆传播至与石墨矿石试样交界面1处,由于压杆与石墨矿石试样的波阻抗不同,波在界面1处发生透射和反射,透射波沿着石墨矿石试样继续传播至试样与输出杆的交界面2处,并再次发生透射和反射。应力波在石墨矿石试样中经过数次透反射之后,试样及两界面应力应变趋于平衡。通过动态应变仪记录的入射波、反射波、透射波波形,即可求得石墨矿石试样的平均应力σ、应变ε和应变率随时间的变化[15,16],即
式中:σIt)、σRt)、σTt)分别为某一时刻t所对应的入射应力、反射应力和透射应力;ρeCe为弹性杆的波阻抗;Ls为试样的长度;AeAS分别为弹性杆和试样横截面积。
采用SHPB试验装置对石墨矿石试样进行冲击试验试样耗能值,即吸收能量Es可由下式计算[17,18]
式中:EIERET分别为冲击试验中的入射能、反射能、透射能,计算公式如下
石墨矿石试样冲击压缩试验过程中试样的吸收能主要包含岩石破碎耗能Ed、破碎碎块弹射动能以及冲击压缩过程中的声能、热能等其他损耗。试样破碎耗能主要用于扩展原有裂纹、生成新生破裂面和微裂纹,主导岩石破坏。目前已有相关研究表明岩石破碎耗能占总吸收能的90%以上,因此,在进行岩石破碎能耗研究时可以忽略岩石破碎的弹射动能及其他耗能,在高速冲击作用下可以用试样吸收能代替试样破碎耗散能[19,20],即试样破碎耗散能Ed=Es。为了忽略尺寸差异对石墨矿石试样单位体积破碎耗能的影响,采用石墨矿石试样的破碎耗能密度反映试样吸收能量状况,即单位体积石墨矿石试样破碎耗能[21]
式中:wd为试样破碎耗能密度;Ed为试样最大吸收能;Vs为试样体积。
本次石墨矿石冲击压缩试验所用石墨矿石试样取自黑龙江萝北县云山石墨矿,为石墨片岩型矿石,矿石表面呈灰黑色,显微镜下具有明显的鳞片变晶结构,是典型的晶质石墨矿石。按照国际岩石力学学会推荐标准[22],将所取石墨矿岩样加工为ϕ 50 mm×50 mm标准试样。其中石墨矿石试样的静态基本物理参数如表1所示。对试样按冲击气压不同将实验分为5组即0.2~0.6 MPa,每隔0.1 MPa一组,每组试样5块,其余试样备用,考虑到岩石动力学试验的离散性,每组选取三个比较接近的实验数据进行分析。
同其他岩石一样,在冲击荷载作用下,石墨矿石试样的动态抗压强度σf具有明显的应变率效应[23]。石墨矿石试样的动态抗压强度与平均应变率对数值关系如图3所示,二者的拟合关系式为
其相关性系数R=0.997。由图3可知,石墨矿石在冲击荷载作用下动态抗压强度大于岩石静力荷载作用下的单轴抗压强度,这说明石墨矿石在冲击荷载作用下具有动态硬化作用,且石墨矿石试样的动态抗压强度随着平均应变率的增大而明显增大,表现为较强的应变率效应。
图4为石墨矿石试样破碎耗能与入射能的关系,由图4可知,石墨矿石试样的破碎耗能随着入射能增大而增大,且具有较强的对数关系,其关系式为
相关性系数R=0.953。由图4的曲线可知石墨矿石试样破碎耗能在入射能量中所占比例并不是恒定的,为了探讨石墨矿石破碎能量利用率ω与应变率的关系,整理了石墨矿石在不同冲击气压加载条件下的破碎能量利用率,并得到了破碎能量利用率ω与应变率关系如图5所示,由图5可知,石墨矿石破碎能量利用率ω与应变率的拟合关系式为
相关性系数R=0.977,石墨矿石试样破碎能量利用率ω随着应变率增大而减小,其数值随着应变率增大从0.38下降至0.11,且下降速率逐渐减小。
石墨矿石试样在冲击荷载作用下单位体积破碎耗能与平均应变率的关系如图6所示。由图6可知,石墨矿石试样破碎耗能密度与平均应变率二者之间存在较强的三阶多项式关系,石墨矿石的破碎耗能密度具有较强的应变率相关性,并且随着平均应变率增大,石墨矿石试样单位体积破碎耗能显著增大,石墨矿石冲击压缩试验应变率范围内破碎耗能密度与平均应变率拟合关系式为
相关性系数R=0.997。分析原因,随着应变率的增大,石墨矿石试样在破碎过程中产生的新裂纹数目面积越多,从而试样在冲击荷载作用下的破碎过程中吸收能量越多,试样的破碎耗能密度也就相应增大;因此可以通过增大应变率提高岩石的破碎效果。
对单次冲击压缩试验后的试样碎块进行收集,石墨矿石试样在不同冲击气压加载条件下的破坏形态如图7所示。由图7可知,冲击气压越大,石墨矿石试样破碎程度越剧烈,其破碎碎块尺寸明显减小,且碎块数目增加。
为了获取石墨矿石试样在不同冲击气压加载条件下的破碎块度分布情况,选用筛孔尺寸公称直径分别为2.5,5.0,10.0,16.0,20.0,31.5,40.0 mm的标准方孔筛对试样破碎后的碎块进行筛选,采用高精度电子秤称重各孔筛上的石墨矿石破碎碎块质量,并采用各孔筛上滞留石墨矿石破碎碎块重量百分比标定筛分实验结果,从而确定石墨矿石试样的破碎块度分布特征。表2为不同冲击气压加载条件下的石墨矿石试样破碎碎块筛分结果,由表2可知,随着冲击气压增大,试样的破碎尺寸越小,并且试样破碎越粉碎,大于20 mm的碎块质量逐渐减少,其小于5 mm的碎块质量明显增多。
在不同冲击气压加载条件下石墨矿石试样破碎块度大小不一,为了量化比较不同冲击气压加载条件下石墨矿石试样破碎块度大小,从而更加直观地描述石墨矿石试样冲击破碎后的块度分布特征,采用石墨矿石试样的破碎平均粒径ds来表示岩石的破碎程度,试样破碎块度平均粒径ds按下式求得[24,25]
式中:di为不同孔筛上滞留岩石的平均尺寸;ri为对应di的碎块质量百分比。计算时,取小于2.5 mm的碎块平均尺寸为1.25 mm,大于40 mm的碎块块度尺寸为45 mm,其余间隔取中值。
根据石墨矿石试样冲击破碎碎块筛分结果求得试样破碎平均粒径,结合试样的破碎耗能密度,获得石墨矿石试样破碎平均粒径与破碎耗能密度关系如图8所示。由图8可知,在冲击荷载的作用下,随着破碎耗能密度增大,石墨矿石试样的破碎平均粒径减小,其拟合关系式为
相关性系数R=0.981。这是由于岩石在冲击荷载作用下,石墨矿石试样吸收的能量越高,其作用于试样原生裂纹扩展与新生裂纹产生,从而导致试样破碎的能量耗散也相应增大,随着用于石墨矿石试样破碎耗能的增加,试样产生的裂纹也会更多,其破裂面也会更多,导致试样破碎尺寸更小。岩石试样的破碎块度尺寸越小,其新生破裂面的表面积越大,因此所需试样破碎耗能越大,破碎程度也就越剧烈。采用试样破碎平均粒径可以较为直观地描述石墨矿石试样的破碎程度。
(1)在冲击荷载作用下,石墨矿石动态抗压强度、破碎能量利用率与破碎耗能密度均表现出显著的应变率相关性。并且石墨矿石在冲击荷载作用下具有明显的动态硬化作用,其破碎能量利用率随应变率增大而减小,在矿山生产时应适当地选用炸药用量,从而减小能量的过多耗散。
(2)石墨矿石破碎平均粒径与破碎耗能密度具有较强的相关关系,矿山生产可以通过调整炸药用量达到控制石墨矿石破碎块度的目的,从而有效提高矿山爆破破岩能量利用率。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1909602)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2902901)
  • 湖北省重点研发计划(2021BCA152)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2021-ZH-B1-05)
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2023年第40卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.004
  • 接收时间:2022-12-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-01
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1909602)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2902901)
湖北省重点研发计划(2021BCA152)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2021-ZH-B1-05)
作者信息
    1a.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
    1b.武汉理工大学 矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
    2.五矿勘查开发有限公司,北京 100044
    3.保利新联爆破工程集团有限公司,贵阳 550002

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雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师。主要从事采矿、数字化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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