Article(id=1241442317266120973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1663776000000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773912513319, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773912513319, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773912513319, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912513319, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241442313185063097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773912512346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912765519, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=147, endPage=153, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241442317786214679, articleId=1241442317266120973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation of Damage Effect of Shaped Charge Penetrator on Concrete Base, columnId=1241046467696193882, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=SPECIAL BLASTING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to select the shaped charge structure with low residual height and small fragmentation after blasting of concrete base, numerical simulation method is used to study the motion characteristics of jet flows formed by 60° and 120° conical liners and explosive formed projectiles (EFP) formed by curved liners with curvature radius of 10.8 cm as well as the vertical penetration process and damage effect on concrete bases under the same explosive charge, outer diameter and shaped charge liner thickness. The results show that: Different shaped charge penetrators have different penetration modes to concrete bases. The head part of the jet flow formed by the 60° conical liner penetrates the concrete base first, and then the pestle part expands the hole. For the 120° conical liner, the pestle body and the jet flow penetrate the concrete base together, while the curved liner mainly penetrates the concrete base by the formed projectile; the crushing capacity of the shaped charge is related to the diameter of penetration hole. The larger the hole diameter is, the stronger the crushing capacity is. The penetration hole diameters of 60° liner, 120° liner and EFP liner are 4.3 cm, 5.2 cm and 7.0 cm, respectively. In addition, the number and width of cracks formed within the penetration depth show an increasing trend; the residual height of the concrete base after blasting is related to the distance between the transverse through cracks and the bottom, while the formation of transverse cracks is related to multiple factors such as penetrator parameters, charge quantity and so on; for the concrete base with a limited size, a shaped charge liner with a large cone angle has a better comprehensive effect with respect to crushing range and degree. Although the penetration ability of EFP liner is the weakest and the residual height of the concrete base after blasting is large, its crushing ability within the penetration depth is the strongest. The study of blasting effect of different shaped charge penetrators on a concrete base can provide a reference for exploring damage mechanism and selecting destruction mode.

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为选定混凝土基座爆破后残高低、块度小的聚能装药结构形式,采用数值模拟方法对比研究了装药量、外径和药型罩壁厚相同条件下60°、120°锥形罩和曲率半径为10.8 cm曲面罩形成的射流或爆炸成型弹丸(EFP)运动特性,及其对混凝土基座垂直侵彻过程和毁伤效应。结果表明:不同聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座的侵彻方式不同。60°药型罩的头部射流先侵彻混凝土基座,随后杵体对孔洞进行扩大,120°药型罩的杵体与射流合并侵彻混凝土基座,而曲面药型罩主要依靠成型弹丸对混凝土基座进行冲击侵彻;混凝土基座的破碎能力与侵彻孔直径相关;孔径越大、能力越强。60°、120°和EFP药型罩侵彻孔直径分别为4.3 cm、5.2 cm和7.0 cm,在侵彻深度范围内形成的裂缝数量、宽度呈现增大趋势;混凝土基座爆破后的残留高度与横向贯通裂缝至底面之间的距离相关,而横向裂缝形成与侵彻体参数、装药量等多个因素相关。对有限尺寸的混凝土基座,大锥角药型罩的聚能装药破碎范围和程度的综合效果较佳,EFP药型罩虽然侵彻能力最弱,爆破作用后混凝土残留高度较大,但在侵彻深度范围内的破碎能力最强。研究不同聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座的爆破效应为毁伤机理探究和破除方式选择提供参考。

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宋歌(1989-),男,博士、工程师,主要从事爆炸毁伤效应机理研究,(E-mail)
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谢兴博(1971-),男,硕士、教授,主要从事爆破器材应用技术研究,(E-mail)

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谢兴博(1971-),男,硕士、教授,主要从事爆破器材应用技术研究,(E-mail)

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谢兴博(1971-),男,硕士、教授,主要从事爆破器材应用技术研究,(E-mail)

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label=Fig. 16, caption=Setting and effect of shaped charge with small cone angle and 80 mm diameter, figureFileSmall=pJYCPGdX5lfBFWmZUWjLSA==, figureFileBig=ue2eM+Q3OAqkBzmxc/i5MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442335666533367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442317266120973, language=CN, label=图16, caption=直径80 mm小锥角的聚能装药设置及效果, figureFileSmall=pJYCPGdX5lfBFWmZUWjLSA==, figureFileBig=ue2eM+Q3OAqkBzmxc/i5MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442335783973881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442317266120973, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Concrete material parameters

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ρ/(g·cm-3G/GPafc/MPaft/fcfs/fcANQ0fgc/fcfgt/fcD1D2
2.3116.7350.10.181.60.610.68050.530.70.041
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混凝土材料参数

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ρ/(g·cm-3G/GPafc/MPaft/fcfs/fcANQ0fgc/fcfgt/fcD1D2
2.3116.7350.10.181.60.610.68050.530.70.041
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聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座毁伤效应数值模拟研究
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谢兴博 1 , 宋歌 2 , 张勍 3 , 钟明寿 1
爆破 | 特种爆破 2023,40(1): 147-153
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爆破 | 特种爆破 2023, 40(1): 147-153
聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座毁伤效应数值模拟研究
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谢兴博1 , 宋歌2 , 张勍3, 钟明寿1
作者信息
  • 1.陆军工程大学,南京 210007
  • 2.解放军31434部队,沈阳 110045
  • 3.东部战区海军保障部,宁波 315122
  • 谢兴博(1971-),男,硕士、教授,主要从事爆破器材应用技术研究,(E-mail)

通讯作者:

宋歌(1989-),男,博士、工程师,主要从事爆炸毁伤效应机理研究,(E-mail)
Numerical Simulation of Damage Effect of Shaped Charge Penetrator on Concrete Base
Xing-bo XIE1 , Ge SONG2 , Qing ZHANG3, Ming-shou ZHONG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China
  • 2.No.31434 Troops of PLA, Shenyang 110045, China
  • 3.Support Department of Eastern Theater Navy, Ningbo 315122, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.020
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为选定混凝土基座爆破后残高低、块度小的聚能装药结构形式,采用数值模拟方法对比研究了装药量、外径和药型罩壁厚相同条件下60°、120°锥形罩和曲率半径为10.8 cm曲面罩形成的射流或爆炸成型弹丸(EFP)运动特性,及其对混凝土基座垂直侵彻过程和毁伤效应。结果表明:不同聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座的侵彻方式不同。60°药型罩的头部射流先侵彻混凝土基座,随后杵体对孔洞进行扩大,120°药型罩的杵体与射流合并侵彻混凝土基座,而曲面药型罩主要依靠成型弹丸对混凝土基座进行冲击侵彻;混凝土基座的破碎能力与侵彻孔直径相关;孔径越大、能力越强。60°、120°和EFP药型罩侵彻孔直径分别为4.3 cm、5.2 cm和7.0 cm,在侵彻深度范围内形成的裂缝数量、宽度呈现增大趋势;混凝土基座爆破后的残留高度与横向贯通裂缝至底面之间的距离相关,而横向裂缝形成与侵彻体参数、装药量等多个因素相关。对有限尺寸的混凝土基座,大锥角药型罩的聚能装药破碎范围和程度的综合效果较佳,EFP药型罩虽然侵彻能力最弱,爆破作用后混凝土残留高度较大,但在侵彻深度范围内的破碎能力最强。研究不同聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座的爆破效应为毁伤机理探究和破除方式选择提供参考。

聚能装药  /  药型罩类型  /  射流侵彻  /  EFP冲击  /  数值模拟

In order to select the shaped charge structure with low residual height and small fragmentation after blasting of concrete base, numerical simulation method is used to study the motion characteristics of jet flows formed by 60° and 120° conical liners and explosive formed projectiles (EFP) formed by curved liners with curvature radius of 10.8 cm as well as the vertical penetration process and damage effect on concrete bases under the same explosive charge, outer diameter and shaped charge liner thickness. The results show that: Different shaped charge penetrators have different penetration modes to concrete bases. The head part of the jet flow formed by the 60° conical liner penetrates the concrete base first, and then the pestle part expands the hole. For the 120° conical liner, the pestle body and the jet flow penetrate the concrete base together, while the curved liner mainly penetrates the concrete base by the formed projectile; the crushing capacity of the shaped charge is related to the diameter of penetration hole. The larger the hole diameter is, the stronger the crushing capacity is. The penetration hole diameters of 60° liner, 120° liner and EFP liner are 4.3 cm, 5.2 cm and 7.0 cm, respectively. In addition, the number and width of cracks formed within the penetration depth show an increasing trend; the residual height of the concrete base after blasting is related to the distance between the transverse through cracks and the bottom, while the formation of transverse cracks is related to multiple factors such as penetrator parameters, charge quantity and so on; for the concrete base with a limited size, a shaped charge liner with a large cone angle has a better comprehensive effect with respect to crushing range and degree. Although the penetration ability of EFP liner is the weakest and the residual height of the concrete base after blasting is large, its crushing ability within the penetration depth is the strongest. The study of blasting effect of different shaped charge penetrators on a concrete base can provide a reference for exploring damage mechanism and selecting destruction mode.

shaped charge  /  type of shaped charge liner  /  jet penetration  /  EFP penetration  /  numerical simulation
谢兴博, 宋歌, 张勍, 钟明寿. 聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座毁伤效应数值模拟研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (1) : 147 -153 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.020
Xing-bo XIE, Ge SONG, Qing ZHANG, Ming-shou ZHONG. Numerical Simulation of Damage Effect of Shaped Charge Penetrator on Concrete Base[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (1) : 147 -153 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.020
混凝土基座和上方固定的构件组成障碍物,能够阻滞机械装备的行进。由于聚能装药具有能量集中、方向性好、穿透力强以及高效轻便[1,2]的特点,在混凝土基座破碎领域被越来越重视。现有研究主要集中在聚能装药对混凝土目标的侵彻穿孔方面,而对破碎效应涉及较少。张利认为药型罩外曲率半径、炸高对入口孔径和侵彻深度影响最大[3];任思远研究环形射流和中心EFP组合战斗部对混凝土墙体的破孔特性[4],结果显示组合战斗部可以对混凝土墙体形成直径大于2.5倍装药口径的通孔;曾虎得到EFP对岩石的破坏毁伤范围、侵彻深度与装药直径关系[5];徐浩等通过ALE仿真得到了超高速金属射流能量转换及侵彻过程中射流速度变化规律、围压对射流侵彻混凝土靶速度及穿深的影响规律[6];王伟认为影响EFP动能的主次顺序为装药长径比、药型罩顶厚度、壳体厚度、药形罩外曲率半径和内曲率半径[7];Xu Wen-long研究表明超高速聚能装药形成的弹丸速度随着钨板厚度增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势[8];Xiao Qiang-qiang试验研究得到聚能装药侵彻高强钢纤维活性粉末混凝土靶板的侵彻深度和弹坑直径随混凝土强度的变化规律与聚能侵彻普通强度混凝土不同[9];朱少平数值模拟得到混凝土非贯穿试验中侵彻深度和损伤范围随着卵形弹丸形状系数增大而增加[10]。实际上,聚能装药对有限尺寸的混凝土基座除了开坑和侵彻穿孔外,还有较好的破碎效果。对比研究同样外径、装药量和药型罩壁厚的不同类型侵彻体对混凝土基座的作用过程和破碎效应,为聚能装药毁伤机理探究和破除方式选择提供依据和参考。
针对聚能装药对轨条砦混凝土基座破坏效应问题进行数值模拟,涉及到相关参数:空气、炸药、紫铜和混凝土。空气采用空白材料NULL本构模型和线性多项式状态方程;聚能装药所用的炸药为8701炸药(主要成分为RDX),炸药及爆轰产物的材料模型采用高能燃烧模型,状态方程采用JWL方程;药型罩使用紫铜,采用Johnson-cook材料模型和GRUNEISEN状态方程进行描述;混凝土基座为C35素混凝土,采用RHT材料模型,混凝土材料参数如表1
建立三种规格的聚能装药模型。三个模型的药型罩分别是夹角分为60°、120°的锥形罩和曲率半径为10.8 cm的曲面罩,药型罩厚度均为0.5 cm,装药为8701炸药,采用圆柱形结构装药,装药量均为1.3 kg,装药直径均为11 cm,装药高度分别为14 cm、9.7 cm和9.1 cm,如图1
轨条砦混凝土基座爆破数值模拟研究基于LS-DYNA程序进行,采用Solid164实体单元进行建模,利用ALE和流构耦合算法进行计算,数值模型单位使用cm-g-μs。以60°紫铜锥形药型罩为例,建立四分之一有限元模型,炸药质量为1.3 kg,混凝土基座为四棱台体,高度为80 cm。
数值模型单元采用Solid164六面体实体单元,炸药、药型罩、空气采用Euler网格,所有的单元连接为共节点的方式;混凝土基座采用Lagrange网格,混凝土与空气采用多物质耦合算法。模型共创建了4个part,欧拉网格最小单元尺寸为0.2 cm,Lagrange网格最小单元尺寸为0.3 cm,图2为有限元模型的示意图。有限元模型建立后,在对称面施加固定约束,以模拟四分之一模型,同时,在空气域边界添加无反射边界,计算时间步长参数设为0.6,终止时间为1200 μs。
建立空气、炸药、药型罩有限元模型,不考虑对混凝土基座的侵彻破坏作用,仅计算并研究射流和EFP在自由域的形成和运动特性。图3图5为数值计算得到的三种规格药型罩在装药爆炸作用下形成射流或EFP的过程。
如计算结果所示,60°药型罩形成射流相对细长,头部速度相对较大,在240 μs时刻射流头部飞行距离约96.3 cm,速度约为4.5 km/s;药型罩在爆炸作用下形成射流和杵体两部分,射流部分在160 μs左右断裂,头部射流呈断续状态,尾部射流保持连续状态,约长35 cm至45 cm;杵体部分在240 μs左右分离成两部分。120°药型罩形成射流头部速度相对较小,速度约为2.3 km/s;药型罩在爆炸作用下形成射流和杵体两部分,射流和杵体部分均在320 μs左右各自分离成两部分,头部射流呈断续状态,尾部射流保持连续状态,约长20 cm。曲率半径为10.8 cm药型罩在爆炸作用下形成EFP,约在160μs时刻炸高25 cm处形成稳定的形态,高约5.2 cm,直径约6.9 cm,速度约为1.5 km/s。
综上分析,如图6所示,60°和120°药型罩形成射流,均会在炸高20 cm范围内形成射流,且随着射流飞行距离的增加,逐渐形成射流和杵体,并进而再次断裂分离形成两部分射流和两部分杵体。但60°药型罩形成射流比较细长,在230 μs时刻,射流长75.5 cm,射流直径0.4至1 cm,杵体长19.2 cm,直径2.8至5.2 cm,各质点速度分布范围较大,头部射流可保持速度在4.5 km/s,尾部杵体飞行速度则在0.4 km/s;120°药型罩射流较60°药型罩,射流长度较短,在230 μs时刻,射流长18.9 cm,直径0.4至0.8 cm,杵体长13.1 cm,直径1.6至5.5 cm,个质点速度分布范围较小,头部射流可保持速度在2.3 km/s,尾部杵体飞行速度则在1.4 km/s。曲率半径为10.8 cm药型罩,则形成稳定形态的EFP,高约5.2 cm,直径约6.9 cm,整体速度约为1.5 km/s。
用Lagrange网格对混凝土基座进行建模,为提高计算效率,建立1/4模型,射流侵彻部位网格尺寸为0.3 cm,其余部位网格尺寸采用线性比例进行划分,网格尺寸为0.3至2 cm。图7图9所示为三种规格爆破装置在炸高为20 cm时形成射流或EFP对混凝土基座的侵彻过程。计算结果表明,60°和120°药型罩射流均可以穿透80 cm高度混凝土基座,曲率半径为10.8 cm药型罩EFP对混凝土基座侵彻深度可达36.3 cm。
但不同的是,60°药型罩形成的射流,头部射流首先进行侵彻破坏,可穿透80 cm混凝土基座,形成直径约2.9 cm的孔洞,随后两部分杵体对混凝土基座进行侵彻,可分别形成将孔洞直径扩大到约4.3 cm和11.2 cm;120°药型罩形成的射流,在侵彻混凝土基座的过程中,射流头部速度降低,杵体部分会赶上射流头部,合并在一起继续进行侵彻,最后穿透80 cm混凝土基座,形成直径约5.2 cm的孔洞,杵体尾部会对混凝土基座进行部分侵彻破坏,形成深度较浅、直径约16.3 cm的孔洞开口,如图10(a)、(b)。曲率半径为10.8 cm药型罩形成的EFP,弹丸冲击侵彻混凝土基座,形成直径约7.0 cm的孔洞,混凝土基座表面形成深度相对较深、直径约17.4 cm的孔洞开口,如图10(c)
综上分析,60°药型罩主要依靠射流对混凝土基座进行侵彻,120°药型罩主要依靠杵体对混凝土基座进行侵彻,曲面药型罩形成EFP对混凝土基座进行侵彻。其中60°药型罩射流侵彻能力最强,但形成侵彻孔直径最小,曲面药型罩形成EFP侵彻能力最弱,但形成侵彻孔径最大。
计算混凝土基座侵彻破坏效果所采用的混凝土RHT材料模型,引入了损伤变量D(Damage Value)对混凝土的累积损伤效应进行描述,该变量取值范围为0到1,0表示混凝土单元未受到损伤,1则表示混凝土单元失效。因此,损伤变量D作为混凝土内部损伤的表征方法,可以计算混凝土在爆炸冲击作用下产生裂缝的形式。在数值计算过程中,当混凝土单元达到失效极限时,损伤变量D值为1;当混凝土单元达到断裂极限时,该单元删除。由于划分混凝土的最小网格尺寸为0.3 cm,因此计算结果中只有在裂缝宽度大于0.3 cm时,才会删除单元,裂缝宽度小于0.3 cm时,只能通过损伤变量D表示。
图11图13所示为三种规格爆破装置射流或EFP侵彻混凝土基座裂纹断裂结果。从计算结果看以发现,三种规格爆破装置射流或EFP均在混凝土基座以侵彻孔为中心轴,大致沿两个垂直对称面,分别向四条边界方向形成1至3道宽度大于0.3 cm的纵向裂缝。在水平方向上,60°、120°和EFP药型罩分别在距底面约10.5 cm、29.9 cm和34.2 cm处形成横向裂缝,对混凝土基座爆破后的残留高度由横向裂缝的高度决定。
其中,60°药型罩射流侵彻混凝土基座形成裂缝,在两个垂直对称面中,其中一个垂直对称面形成1道宽度约0.6 cm的纵向裂缝并延伸至底面,另一个垂直对称面形成2道延伸至混凝土基座约一半高度、宽度约0.3 cm的纵向裂缝。在距离混凝土基座底面高度10.5 cm处形成未贯通的横向裂缝。
120°药型罩射流侵彻混凝土基座形成裂缝,在两个垂直对称面中,均形成4道以上宽度大于0.3 cm的纵向裂缝,其中一个垂直对称面的纵向裂缝延伸至混凝土基座底部,另一个垂直对称面纵向裂缝延伸至混凝土基座约一半高度。在距离混凝土基座底面高度29.9 cm处形成未贯通的横向裂缝。
EFP侵彻混凝土基座形成裂缝,与60°和120°药型罩射流形成裂缝不同的是,在距离混凝土基座底面约34.2 cm处,形成了宽度大于0.3 cm的横向贯通裂缝;在两个垂直对称面中,均形成4道以上宽度大于0.3 cm的纵向裂缝,纵向裂缝延伸至混凝土基座约一半高度。
综上分析,60°药型罩形成射流侵彻能力最强,形成横向裂缝位置最低,但是对混凝土基座的破碎能力最弱,横向裂缝未贯穿整个水平面;120°药型罩形成射流侵彻能力相对较弱,但对混凝土基座的破碎能力较强,形成纵向裂缝数量和宽度均优于60°药型罩射流;EFP药型罩虽然侵彻能力最弱,但在侵彻深度范围内的破碎能力最强,可在距离混凝土基座底面34.2 cm处形成宽度大于0.3 cm的横向贯穿裂缝。
采用112 mm直径105°药型罩聚能装药和112 mm直径115.4 mm曲率半径EFP药型罩聚能装药设置在混凝土基座上方中央爆炸,用高速摄影拍摄裂纹见图14,EFP装药设置及毁伤效果见图15,直径80 mm的小锥角药型罩聚能装药设置及效果见图16。结合数值模拟结果可以看出,不同形状的射流或弹丸对混凝土基座的侵彻破碎机理也不相同。金属射流侵彻混凝土基座时,随侵彻点高速向下移动并形成系列应力波源,可以看成由中心线向四周传播的倒圆台状应力波,当径向压缩产生的切向拉应力超过混凝土动态抗拉强度时形成裂隙。基座内应力波向下传递到底面与土壤交接面时的反射波拉伸作用形成靠近底面的横向裂纹。EFP冲击侵彻较浅,可看作由冲击点向外传播的球面波,混凝土被压缩的变形能释放引起的卸载波拉伸形成基座贯通的横向裂纹。实际中聚能装药对混凝土基座的破碎是侵彻和爆生气体的复合作用,爆生气体会对裂隙进一步扩展从而加大破碎程度。因此,混凝土基座的残留高度与侵彻体参数、作用方式和装药量等多个因素相关。如图16中,外径和装药量较小的聚能装药爆炸,虽然将混凝土基座破成四大块,但残留高度基本没有减小。
通过采用JC模型和RHT模型分别模拟紫铜药型罩和混凝土基座,对射流和EFP垂直侵彻混凝土基座特性进行了数值计算分析,得到结论如下:
(1)射流和EFP对混凝土基座的侵彻方式不同。60°药型罩的头部射流先侵彻混凝土基座,随后杵体对孔洞进行扩大,120°药型罩的杵体与射流合并侵彻混凝土基座,而曲面药型罩主要依靠成型弹丸对混凝土基座进行冲击侵彻。
(2)混凝土基座的破碎能力与侵彻孔直径相关,孔径越大、能力越强。60°、120°和EFP药型罩侵彻孔直径分别为4.3 cm、5.2 cm和7.0 cm,在侵彻深度范围内形成的裂缝数量、宽度呈现增大趋势。
(3)对有限尺寸的混凝土基座,大锥角药型罩的聚能装药破碎范围和程度的综合效果较佳。EFP药型罩虽然侵彻能力最弱,爆破作用后混凝土残留高度较大,但在侵彻深度范围内的破碎能力最强。
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.020
  • 接收时间:2022-09-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-22
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    1.陆军工程大学,南京 210007
    2.解放军31434部队,沈阳 110045
    3.东部战区海军保障部,宁波 315122

通讯作者:

宋歌(1989-),男,博士、工程师,主要从事爆炸毁伤效应机理研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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