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To reveal the propagation characteristics of blasting vibrations induced by blasting demolition of a reinforced concrete support beam in a deep foundation support system, the vibration velocities and frequencies in the horizontal and vertical directions of the support system and the response spectrum characteristic of the enclosure structure of the foundation pit are analyzed based on the monitored vibration data. The vibration test lines were laid in the same and the upper layer to the support beam. The results show that the vibration velocity decays rapidly with the increase of distance. The peak vibration velocity at the blasting layer is 5~7 times than that of the upper layer within 50 m of the blasting area. However, the peak vibration velocity of the blasting layer gradually attenuates to 1~2 times than that of the upper layer outside 50 m of blasting area. Besides, there are obvious differences among the components of vibration velocities in three directions in the blasting layer. The radial component has the largest peak value, which is 2~5 times of the vertical component. On the contrary, the three components of vibration velocities in the non-blasting layer are close to each other. Meanwhile, it is high frequency vibration in the support beam, and the vibration frequency of the blasting layer is slightly smaller than that of the non-blasting layer, and both of them have a steep increase phenomenon in the supporting structure of the foundation pit. When the support beam is demolished by blasting, the short-period response spectrum of the enclosure structure of the foundation pit is obviously beyond the designed spectrum, and the blasting vibrations will have a certain influence on the enclosure structure. The related results can provide references for the design of blasting demolition of support beams, vibration control, and the dynamic response analysis of enclosure structure of a deep foundation pit.

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为揭示钢筋混凝土支撑梁爆破拆除时爆破振动在深基坑支护体系中的传播特性,依托某深基坑钢筋混凝土支撑梁爆破拆除工程,分别在待爆支撑梁的相同层及其上一层布设振动测线,分析振动速度和主振频率在支护体系水平方向和竖直方向的传播规律,以及基坑围护结构的反应谱特征。测试分析结果表明:振动速度随距离增加而快速衰减,爆区50 m范围内,爆破层的振动速度是其上层的5~7倍,50 m范围外,爆破层的振动速度逐渐衰减为上层的1~2倍;爆破层振动速度的三向分量有明显差异,其径向分量最大,是竖向分量的2~5倍,非爆破层振动速度的三向分量较为接近;支撑梁爆破拆除振动频率为高频振动,爆破层振动频率略小于非爆层,二者在基坑支护结构处均存在陡增现象;支撑梁爆破拆除时,基坑围护结构的短周期反应谱明显超出设计谱,爆破振动会对围护结构产生一定影响。相关成果可为支撑梁爆破拆除设计、振动控制和深基坑围护结构动力响应分析提供参考,同时为进一步的研究提供测试基础。

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姚颖康(1981-),男,山西临猗人,高级工程师,主要从事建(构)筑物爆破拆除理论与技术研究,(E-mail)

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姚颖康(1981-),男,山西临猗人,高级工程师,主要从事建(构)筑物爆破拆除理论与技术研究,(E-mail)

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姚颖康(1981-),男,山西临猗人,高级工程师,主要从事建(构)筑物爆破拆除理论与技术研究,(E-mail)

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Blasting parameters of the support beam

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爆破参数炸药消耗总量/kg总炮孔数量/个接力点数量/个孔距/cm孔深/cm单响药量/kg
数量1203423450653.5
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支撑梁爆破参数表

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爆破参数炸药消耗总量/kg总炮孔数量/个接力点数量/个孔距/cm孔深/cm单响药量/kg
数量1203423450653.5
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Blasting vibration monitoring results of test line 1

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测点d/m振动速度/(mm·s-1振动频率/Hz峰值加速度/g
切向竖向径向切向竖向径向切向竖向径向
17236.900137.000253.7056.912.645.516.56322.31227.601
22193.57078.950179.2056.94.878.814.0986.53924.218
33584.34039.020129.8042.751.244.54.4333.8448.017
44925.39010.04055.4833.032.050.01.3790.7802.550
5643.4525.07610.4373.168.344.50.4380.6580.724
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测线1爆破振动监测结果

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测点d/m振动速度/(mm·s-1振动频率/Hz峰值加速度/g
切向竖向径向切向竖向径向切向竖向径向
17236.900137.000253.7056.912.645.516.56322.31227.601
22193.57078.950179.2056.94.878.814.0986.53924.218
33584.34039.020129.8042.751.244.54.4333.8448.017
44925.39010.04055.4833.032.050.01.3790.7802.550
5643.4525.07610.4373.168.344.50.4380.6580.724
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Blasting vibration monitoring results of test line 2

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测点d/m振动速度/(mm·s-1振动频率/Hz峰值加速度/g
切向竖向径向切向竖向径向切向竖向径向
6742.87044.10036.260108.046.526.94.8543.6433.719
72122.99023.15024.54089.062.130.62.1261.6421.445
83517.40027.29023.31058.551.232.01.8491.3791.662
9497.7719.75011.02030.131.036.60.5270.5300.596
10644.0435.3446.71593.141.036.60.3750.4250.309
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测线2爆破振动监测结果

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测点d/m振动速度/(mm·s-1振动频率/Hz峰值加速度/g
切向竖向径向切向竖向径向切向竖向径向
6742.87044.10036.260108.046.526.94.8543.6433.719
72122.99023.15024.54089.062.130.62.1261.6421.445
83517.40027.29023.31058.551.232.01.8491.3791.662
9497.7719.75011.02030.131.036.60.5270.5300.596
10644.0435.3446.71593.141.036.60.3750.4250.309
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钢筋混凝土支撑梁爆破拆除振动特性测试与分析
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姚颖康 1a, 1b , 张程 1a, 1b , 聂森林 1a, 1b , 王威 2
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023,40(1): 108-114
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023, 40(1): 108-114
钢筋混凝土支撑梁爆破拆除振动特性测试与分析
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姚颖康1a, 1b , 张程1a, 1b, 聂森林1a, 1b, 王威2
作者信息
  • 1a.江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 1b.江汉大学 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 2.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056
  • 姚颖康(1981-),男,山西临猗人,高级工程师,主要从事建(构)筑物爆破拆除理论与技术研究,(E-mail)

Test and Analysis of Vibration Characteristics Induced by Blasting Demolition of Reinforced Concrete Support Beam
Ying-kang YAO1a, 1b , Cheng ZHANG1a, 1b, Sen-lin NIE1a, 1b, Wei WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1a.State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 1b.Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 2.Wuhan Explosions and Blasting Corporation Limited, Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.015
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为揭示钢筋混凝土支撑梁爆破拆除时爆破振动在深基坑支护体系中的传播特性,依托某深基坑钢筋混凝土支撑梁爆破拆除工程,分别在待爆支撑梁的相同层及其上一层布设振动测线,分析振动速度和主振频率在支护体系水平方向和竖直方向的传播规律,以及基坑围护结构的反应谱特征。测试分析结果表明:振动速度随距离增加而快速衰减,爆区50 m范围内,爆破层的振动速度是其上层的5~7倍,50 m范围外,爆破层的振动速度逐渐衰减为上层的1~2倍;爆破层振动速度的三向分量有明显差异,其径向分量最大,是竖向分量的2~5倍,非爆破层振动速度的三向分量较为接近;支撑梁爆破拆除振动频率为高频振动,爆破层振动频率略小于非爆层,二者在基坑支护结构处均存在陡增现象;支撑梁爆破拆除时,基坑围护结构的短周期反应谱明显超出设计谱,爆破振动会对围护结构产生一定影响。相关成果可为支撑梁爆破拆除设计、振动控制和深基坑围护结构动力响应分析提供参考,同时为进一步的研究提供测试基础。

深基坑  /  支撑梁  /  爆破拆除  /  爆破振动  /  反应谱特征

To reveal the propagation characteristics of blasting vibrations induced by blasting demolition of a reinforced concrete support beam in a deep foundation support system, the vibration velocities and frequencies in the horizontal and vertical directions of the support system and the response spectrum characteristic of the enclosure structure of the foundation pit are analyzed based on the monitored vibration data. The vibration test lines were laid in the same and the upper layer to the support beam. The results show that the vibration velocity decays rapidly with the increase of distance. The peak vibration velocity at the blasting layer is 5~7 times than that of the upper layer within 50 m of the blasting area. However, the peak vibration velocity of the blasting layer gradually attenuates to 1~2 times than that of the upper layer outside 50 m of blasting area. Besides, there are obvious differences among the components of vibration velocities in three directions in the blasting layer. The radial component has the largest peak value, which is 2~5 times of the vertical component. On the contrary, the three components of vibration velocities in the non-blasting layer are close to each other. Meanwhile, it is high frequency vibration in the support beam, and the vibration frequency of the blasting layer is slightly smaller than that of the non-blasting layer, and both of them have a steep increase phenomenon in the supporting structure of the foundation pit. When the support beam is demolished by blasting, the short-period response spectrum of the enclosure structure of the foundation pit is obviously beyond the designed spectrum, and the blasting vibrations will have a certain influence on the enclosure structure. The related results can provide references for the design of blasting demolition of support beams, vibration control, and the dynamic response analysis of enclosure structure of a deep foundation pit.

deep foundation pit  /  support beam  /  blasting demolition  /  blasting vibration  /  response spectrum
姚颖康, 张程, 聂森林, 王威. 钢筋混凝土支撑梁爆破拆除振动特性测试与分析. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (1) : 108 -114 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.015
Ying-kang YAO, Cheng ZHANG, Sen-lin NIE, Wei WANG. Test and Analysis of Vibration Characteristics Induced by Blasting Demolition of Reinforced Concrete Support Beam[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (1) : 108 -114 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.015
近年来,伴随着城市人口密度的增加,高层建筑建设规模逐年飞速发展,人类对城市空间的利用逐步从地上转为地下,地下空间的开发利用已成为城市基础设施建设的发展方向。在此背景下,深基坑工程越来越多,其开挖深度也越来越深。钢筋混凝土支撑梁作为深基坑的主要支护结构之一,其单体工程量与梁体尺寸、配筋率也不断加大,与之伴随的是安全高效拆除难题。
目前,常见的钢筋混凝土支撑梁拆除方式有人工风镐破除、静态膨胀剂破碎、绳锯切割和爆破拆除等[1]。爆破拆除方式因具有高效、易回收、安全、经济等优点而成为主要拆除方式[2]。但是,爆破本身产生的能量荷载不仅会将近区的钢筋混凝土粉碎,还会在远区衰减为振动和应力波,成为爆破拆除的主要有害效应。近年来,爆破振动理论分析方面,唐海等人运用量纲分析推导了反映高程放大效应的爆破振动公式[3],李新平等人从爆源因素出发[4],基于理论分析推导出群孔齐发爆破振动频谱表达式,并对其影响因素及主频衰减机制展开了研究;在建(构)筑物爆破拆除振动特性方面,杨永强等人通过对高架桥爆破拆除工程进行监测[5,6],对速度峰值、主振频率和振速衰减规律进行分析,并对楼房爆破拆除进行塌落振动测试,对塌落振动速度、卓越频率、持时和反应谱特性进行分析,验证构件塌落振动公式合理性,刘琎等人对高层框架结构爆破监测[7],比较爆破振动和塌落振动的振动峰值速度、频率、持时和反应谱。刘璇等人对群楼进行爆破拆除[8],并通过振动测试分析其塌落振动峰值、卓越周期、持时和反应谱特性。唐昌意等人对某深基坑工程支撑梁进行轴力监测并数据分析[9];在土岩爆破振动传播特性方面,张勤彬等人同样通过无量纲分析推导了反映岩体累计损伤的爆破振动公式[10],并比较了不同学者推导的振动公式的精度,解决了萨道夫斯基公式的局限性,安胜杰等人在新疆别斯库都克露天煤矿布设了四个振动测点[11],并进行萨道夫斯基公式回归拟合分析得到振动传播规律,利用该公式开发爆破振动预测软件,以此预测边坡质点速度。
综上所述,爆破工程生产科研人员已充分认识到爆破振动的危害性,并结合楼房爆破拆除、高架桥爆破拆除、地下开挖爆破和露天台阶爆破等典型工程开展了理论研究。但是,对于深基坑钢筋混凝土支撑梁这类四周临空、两端固定的构筑物爆破拆除振动传播规律及其动力响应特性研究较少,而爆破振动又与支护结构的安全性以及深基坑的稳定性密切相关。为此,论文依托武汉市复地汉正街深基坑支撑梁爆破拆除工程,通过现场振动测试,分析代表性测线的振动数据,揭示爆破振动在深基坑支撑梁体系空间中的传播特性以及围护结构的动力响应特性。
武汉复地汉正街东片项目B地块,地处武汉市硚口区核心地段,位于晴川桥西侧。东至宝庆街、南至沿河大道、西至多福路、北至汉正街,毗邻汉江。该项目深基坑开挖面积约20 275 m2,开挖深度约25.55 m,共设四道支撑结构,基坑重要性等级为一级。
基坑支撑结构形式为环形钢筋混凝土内支撑支护体系,中心表面有十字形栈桥盖板车道。內撑支护构件主要由冠梁(围檩)、主撑梁、角撑梁、联系梁、加强板、栈桥板等构件组成(图1)。综合比较基坑支撑梁结构、工程量和周边环境条件,本项目基坑支撑梁采用毫秒延期起爆,自下而上逐层分区爆破拆除和局部切割吊装相结合的总体拆除方案。
与振动测试相关的爆破区域位于深基坑支撑梁第三层,埋深14 m。该层支撑梁编号为ZC1,截面尺寸为1000 mm×900 mm,混凝土强度等级为C40,支撑梁截面配筋见图2
该支撑梁采用梅花型布孔,孔距500 mm,排距30 mm,孔径40 mm,炮孔孔深650 mm,单孔药量300~350 g,采用连续装药结构形式,堵塞长度为300~350 mm,堵塞材料为潮湿状黄沙。起爆网路采用“孔内高段位起爆、孔外低段位延时”非电毫秒导爆管雷管起爆网路,采用“大把抓”方式将大约10个炮孔联结为“一簇”,簇与簇之间采用MS3段(延时50 ms)导爆管雷管串联。支撑梁炮孔布置如图3图4所示,爆破参数见表1
爆破区域为深基坑支撑梁第三层部分梁体。为获取爆破振动在深基坑支护体系平面和竖直两个方向上的传播特性,分别选择爆破层支撑梁和非爆破层支撑梁布设振动测线:
(1)选择第三层待爆主支撑梁延伸部分布设爆破层振动测线(测线1),测点自最外侧炮孔7.0 m处一直延伸至64.0 m处的围檩与地连墙围护结构交接部位,共5个振动测点,测点编号1~5。
(2)选择待爆主支撑梁正上方的第二层主支撑梁延伸部分布设非爆破层振动测线(测线2),测点布设与爆破层上下对应,测点编号6~10。
测线布设见图5~图7
本次振动测试仪器为Instantel生产的Micromate便携式振动监测仪,及其相连接的一个ISEE标准三向检波器(图8)。仪器设备关键技术参数为:振动监测量程254 mm/s,测试参数为振速、频率和加速度,设置振速触发值0.5 mm/s,负延时0.5 s,采样频率4096次/s,采样时间15.0 s,采样方式选择自动采样。
本次测试的采集量为各测点的三向振动速度、频率、加速度。测线1监测结果见表2,测线2监测结果见表3。其中,1#测点和6#测点的质点振动速度时程曲线分别见图9图10
《爆破安全规程》(GB6722—2014)将振动频率和振动速度作为评价建(构)筑物振动安全的物理指标。此次爆破作业有近38个孔外接力点连续爆破,最大单响药量为3.1 kg,故采集到其叠加后的振动数据,两条测线上振动速度与测距的规律近似。
图11振动速度传播规律曲线可知:
(1)爆破层及其上层支撑梁的爆破振动三向分量均随距离增加而不断减小。
(2)距离爆区50 m范围内,爆破层的振动速度是其上层的5~7倍,50 m范围外,爆破层的振动速度逐渐衰减为上层的1~2倍直至相近。
(3)爆破层振动速度的三向分量有明显差异,其径向分量最大,切向次之,竖向最小,径向分量是竖向分量的2~5倍;而非爆破层振动速度的三向分量较为接近。
(4)上下两条振动测线均呈现出近区衰减快,远区衰减慢的特点,64 m测线范围内,最近测点(1号测点)径向速度可达236 mm/s,最远测点(5号测点)径向速度为3.5 mm/s,近似为最近测点的1.5%。
除振动速度外,振动频率反映了振动速度的频谱特征,当振动频率与建(构)筑物固有频率相近时,会产生共振现象,导致建(构)筑物产生大变形最终失稳,因此从1986年至2014年的《爆破安全规程》始终把振动速度和主振频率共同作为衡量振动作用下建(构)筑物安全性的指标。
振动频谱的组成对围护结构和临时支撑梁结构都有着重要影响。振动频率随距离增加变化规律见图12。由图可知:
(1)爆破层(测线1)各测点频率均为大于10 Hz的高频振动,且在爆破近区,径向、切向方向频率明显大于竖向方向。
(2)非爆破层(测线2)各测点频率亦为大于10 Hz的高频振动,竖向、切向方向频率明显大于径向方向。
(3)爆破层(测线1)和非爆破层(测线2)振动频率随距离增加呈现出逐步减小趋势,但二者在基坑周边围护结构处均存在陡增现象。
总体上看,支撑梁爆破拆除振动频率范围在30 Hz到70 Hz之间。
反应谱特性考虑了结构动力特性与地震动特性之间的动力关系,表示一定的加速度作用下,单质点系结构可能产生的最大反应随质点自振周期变化的曲线。考虑爆破振动对基坑支护结构产生的安全影响,故选取爆破层(第三层)和上一层(第二层)围檩处的测点加速度反应谱进行分析。
根据《建筑抗震设计规范》[12](GB50011—2016)和《建筑与市政工程抗震通用规范》[13](GB55002—2021),武汉市硚口区抗震设防烈度为6度且属罕遇地震,设计地震分组为第一组,故水平地震影响系数最大值取0.28,竖向地震影响系数可采取水平地震影响系数的65%,阻尼比均取5%。通过测点5和测点10振动监测来进行反应谱分析,即给出测线一5#号测点和测线二10#号测点的加速度反应谱,见图13图14
图13可知,对于爆破层5号测点的各向反应谱均超过设计谱,且在短周期内与设计谱差距非常大,说明5号测点水平向和竖向对短周期的建筑物影响非常大。图14同理,第二层支撑梁10号测点仅切向反应谱低于设计谱,径向和竖向反应谱均超过设计谱。因此,可以认为爆破振动在短周期范围(0~0.05 s)内对深基坑有一定的影响。
通过对深基坑支撑梁上布设的两条测线10个测点的振动特性数据进行分析整理,得出以下结论:
(1)振动速度随距离增加而快速衰减,爆区50 m范围内,爆破层的振动速度是其上层的5~7倍,50 m范围外,爆破层的振动速度逐渐衰减为上层的1~2倍。
(2)爆破层振动速度的三向分量有明显差异,其径向分量最大,是竖向分量的2~5倍,非爆破层振动速度的三向分量较为接近。
(3)支撑梁爆破拆除振动频率为高频振动,爆破层振动频率略小于非爆层,二者在基坑支护结构处均存在陡增现象。
(4)支撑梁爆破拆除时,基坑围护结构的0~0.05 s短周期反应谱明显超出设计普,爆破振动会对围护结构产生一定影响。
论文依托典型深基坑支撑梁爆破拆除工程,开展了现场振动测试,并对振动传播特征进行了分析,相关成果可为支撑梁爆破拆除设计、振动控制和深基坑动力响应分析提供数据支撑。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2021CFB541)
  • 武汉市知识创新专项基础研究项目(2022020801010371)
  • 湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院博士科研启动基金项目(PBSKL-2022-QD-02)
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2023年第40卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.015
  • 接收时间:2022-10-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-09
基金
湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2021CFB541)
武汉市知识创新专项基础研究项目(2022020801010371)
湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院博士科研启动基金项目(PBSKL-2022-QD-02)
作者信息
    1a.江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
    1b.江汉大学 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430056
    2.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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