Article(id=1241442315215106269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1668614400000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773912512829, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773912512829, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773912512829, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912512829, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241442313185063097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773912512346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773912765519, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241443375145079401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241442313185063097, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241442315546456299, articleId=1241442315215106269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Variable Diameter Working Platform for In-situ Collapse Blasting Demolition of Towering Chimney, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In-situ collapse blasting demolition technology is a new blasting demolition technology which can break through the condition of serious shortage of collapse space for towering chimneys. The difficulty of this technology is to set up efficient operation platforms at multiple locations at hundreds of meters to quickly complete drilling, charging, stemming and networking, thus forming multiple ring blasting cuts. According to the requirements, a variable diameter hanging basket as a construction platform is developed. The overall design idea of the new operation platform is as follows: The core function of the platform is defined based on the analysis of the operation process, and the variable section basket platform with a sliding plate is selected by comprehensively considering various factors such as efficiency, reliability, adaptability and cost. A parametric model is established to determine the optimal values of the length and included angle of the fixed section and the sliding plate of the hanging basket for different chimney dimensions, which is according to the adaptability of the platform to the overall dimension of the chimney. The technical schemes of the telescopic structure are compared and selected, and finally the steel wire rope traction scheme together with the resistance reduction scheme by tetrafluoroethylene plate is selected. On the basis of the above technical scheme, the structural scheme, safety guarantee scheme, adaptive design scheme, installation, disassembly and using scheme of the platform are determined. In order to verify the reliability of the structural design, the stress analysis of the structure under various working conditions is carried out by using the finite element software. Meanwhile, a special test frame is set up, and a series of tests including functional test, load test and reliability test are carried out on the first test prototype to verify the safety and functional reliability of the platform structure. The test results show that all the functions of the platform reach the design expectations, and the structural safety and functional reliability meet the requirements. The platform can meet the needs of in-situ collapse of towering chimneys by blasting demolition, and can also be used as a construction platform for the demolition of other high-rise structures with variable cross-sections.

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原地坍塌爆破拆除技术是突破高耸烟囱在可供倒塌场地严重不足条件下的一种新的爆破拆除技术。该技术的难点在于需在百米高空的多个位置设置高效作业平台,以便快速完成钻孔、装药、堵塞与联网等作业,从而形成多道环形爆破切口。针对上述需求,研制了一种可变直径的吊篮式施工作业平台。该新型作业平台的设计总体思路为:基于对作业过程的分析,明确平台的核心功能,综合考虑作业效率、平台可靠性、工艺适应性及成本等因素,确定了滑动搭板式可变截面整体式吊篮平台方案;针对平台对烟囱外形尺寸的适应性,建立了参数化模型,用于确定针对不同烟囱尺寸时吊篮固定段、滑动搭板段长度、夹角参数的最优值;针对伸缩结构的技术方案进行了比选,选定了钢丝绳牵引方案+四氟乙烯减阻方案。在上述技术方案的基础上,确定了平台的结构方案、安全保障方案、适应性设计方案、安装拆除及使用方案。为验证结构设计的合理性,利用有限元软件,对结构的多种工况进行了受力分析,确保了结构受力的安全性。同时,为了进一步验证平台结构的安全性和功能的可靠性,搭设了专用试验架,对首套试验样机开展了功能试验、荷载试验及可靠性试验等一系列试验,试验表明平台的各项功能均达到了设计预期,结构安全性、功能可靠性均满足要求。平台可以满足高耸烟囱原地坍塌爆破拆除的作业需求,同时也可作为其他各种等(变)截面高耸结构拆除的施工平台。

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姚颖康(1981-),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破相关研究,(E-mail)
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王汉章(1988-),男,高级工程师,主要从事桥梁施工相关技术研发,(E-mail)

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1b.Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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1b.江汉大学 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430056
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language=CN, label=图19, caption=运行试验及荷载试验, figureFileSmall=XP4tcJTT+VuxMauMbTSfPA==, figureFileBig=9GQSgX9KuLKHCeZLhcR7nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241442337990176851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparative analysis of platform lifting schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原理描述优劣
套箍自爬式[5,6]上下两个套箍套住烟囱,交替受力,提升操作平台。现有技术适用于小截面,对大截面实现的难度稍大,需要研究。爬升速度有限,对障碍物适应不足。
立柱爬升式[7,8]类似于施工电梯,利用外装的格构式立柱节段实现升降。需要逐节安装格构式立柱、连同附墙结构。成本高,安拆工作量大。
轨道爬升式在烟囱表面打孔安装轨道,类似液压爬模原理。高空安装轨道的安拆工作量较大,爬升速度有限。
钢丝绳提升式吊篮,利用锚固于结构顶部的钢丝绳实现结构的爬升。稳定性稍有欠缺,安拆简便,效率高。
), ArticleFig(id=1241442338141171798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

平台升降方案对比分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原理描述优劣
套箍自爬式[5,6]上下两个套箍套住烟囱,交替受力,提升操作平台。现有技术适用于小截面,对大截面实现的难度稍大,需要研究。爬升速度有限,对障碍物适应不足。
立柱爬升式[7,8]类似于施工电梯,利用外装的格构式立柱节段实现升降。需要逐节安装格构式立柱、连同附墙结构。成本高,安拆工作量大。
轨道爬升式在烟囱表面打孔安装轨道,类似液压爬模原理。高空安装轨道的安拆工作量较大,爬升速度有限。
钢丝绳提升式吊篮,利用锚固于结构顶部的钢丝绳实现结构的爬升。稳定性稍有欠缺,安拆简便,效率高。
), ArticleFig(id=1241442338262806618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison and analysis of platform adaptive variable section scheme

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原理描述优劣
剪刀支撑式类似伸缩式晾衣架,通过剪刀撑调节环向长度。整体性好,对加工精度的要求高,对垂直爬梯的适应性不好。
分体吊篮式通过张紧分体吊篮覆盖整个烟囱表面。相对灵活,但稳定性不足,效率较低。
滑动搭板式通过滑动搭板的伸缩来适应烟囱周长。整体性稍差,但技术成熟,成本相对低;改造简便,适应性好。
), ArticleFig(id=1241442338359275613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

平台适应变截面方案对比分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原理描述优劣
剪刀支撑式类似伸缩式晾衣架,通过剪刀撑调节环向长度。整体性好,对加工精度的要求高,对垂直爬梯的适应性不好。
分体吊篮式通过张紧分体吊篮覆盖整个烟囱表面。相对灵活,但稳定性不足,效率较低。
滑动搭板式通过滑动搭板的伸缩来适应烟囱周长。整体性稍差,但技术成熟,成本相对低;改造简便,适应性好。
), ArticleFig(id=1241442338455744609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Table of platform shape control parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α固定式拐角吊篮拐角的一半
L1滑动搭板最大长度
L2滑动搭板最小长度
L任意截面对应的滑动搭板长度
L3拐角吊篮一条边长度
R1最大烟囱半径
R2最小烟囱半径
R任意截面烟囱半径
d1最大状态时滑动搭板中间与烟囱壁距离
d2拐角吊篮中间与烟囱壁距离
d3拐角吊篮滑-动搭板交点与烟囱壁距离
), ArticleFig(id=1241442338552213606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

平台外形控制参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α固定式拐角吊篮拐角的一半
L1滑动搭板最大长度
L2滑动搭板最小长度
L任意截面对应的滑动搭板长度
L3拐角吊篮一条边长度
R1最大烟囱半径
R2最小烟囱半径
R任意截面烟囱半径
d1最大状态时滑动搭板中间与烟囱壁距离
d2拐角吊篮中间与烟囱壁距离
d3拐角吊篮滑-动搭板交点与烟囱壁距离
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340062163051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Table of platform shape control parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原理描述优劣
单向滑动搭板滑动搭板一端固定,一端滑动。长度可缩为0,但是悬臂长度过长,对受力不利。
双向滑动搭板滑动搭板中间与连杆连接固定,两端滑动。长度可缩为0,两端与拐角吊篮都是滑动连接,受力不利。
嵌套滑动搭板嵌套结构,两端与拐角吊篮固定,中间嵌套滑动。长度无法缩为0。
开口嵌套滑动搭板两端与拐角吊篮固定,外滑板开口,避免与内滑板冲突。长度可缩为0,但外滑板为开口截面,受力略为不利。
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340141854832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

平台伸缩结构方案对比分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原理描述优劣
单向滑动搭板滑动搭板一端固定,一端滑动。长度可缩为0,但是悬臂长度过长,对受力不利。
双向滑动搭板滑动搭板中间与连杆连接固定,两端滑动。长度可缩为0,两端与拐角吊篮都是滑动连接,受力不利。
嵌套滑动搭板嵌套结构,两端与拐角吊篮固定,中间嵌套滑动。长度无法缩为0。
开口嵌套滑动搭板两端与拐角吊篮固定,外滑板开口,避免与内滑板冲突。长度可缩为0,但外滑板为开口截面,受力略为不利。
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340276072563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison and analysis of platform telescopic drive schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原理描述优劣
长液压油缸直接利用长行程液压油缸驱动伸缩。结构简单,但成本过高。
利用连杆收缩和撑开钢丝绳直接拽拉将拐角吊篮拉近、钢丝绳拉低支撑连杆将滑动搭板撑开。伸和缩的功能是两套独立系统,设计复杂,可靠性不足。
电机绕绳直接驱动滑动搭板滑动搭板内部安装驱动电机,通过巧妙的钢丝绳缠绕方案,驱动搭板伸缩。电机驱动,成本低廉。电机正反转即可带动滑动搭板直接伸缩,简洁可靠。
), ArticleFig(id=1241442340406095989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241442315215106269, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

平台伸缩驱动方案对比分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原理描述优劣
长液压油缸直接利用长行程液压油缸驱动伸缩。结构简单,但成本过高。
利用连杆收缩和撑开钢丝绳直接拽拉将拐角吊篮拉近、钢丝绳拉低支撑连杆将滑动搭板撑开。伸和缩的功能是两套独立系统,设计复杂,可靠性不足。
电机绕绳直接驱动滑动搭板滑动搭板内部安装驱动电机,通过巧妙的钢丝绳缠绕方案,驱动搭板伸缩。电机驱动,成本低廉。电机正反转即可带动滑动搭板直接伸缩,简洁可靠。
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高耸烟囱原地坍塌爆破拆除可变直径作业平台研究与试验
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王汉章 1a, 1b, 2 , 姚颖康 1a , 贾永胜 1a, 3 , 方小林 2 , 刘昌邦 3
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023,40(1): 1-9
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023, 40(1): 1-9
高耸烟囱原地坍塌爆破拆除可变直径作业平台研究与试验
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王汉章1a, 1b, 2 , 姚颖康1a , 贾永胜1a, 3, 方小林2, 刘昌邦3
作者信息
  • 1a.江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 1b.江汉大学 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 2.中建三局集团有限公司,武汉 430075
  • 3.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056
  • 王汉章(1988-),男,高级工程师,主要从事桥梁施工相关技术研发,(E-mail)

通讯作者:

姚颖康(1981-),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破相关研究,(E-mail)
Experimental Study on Variable Diameter Working Platform for In-situ Collapse Blasting Demolition of Towering Chimney
Han-zhang WANG1a, 1b, 2 , Ying-kang YAO1a , Yong-sheng JIA1a, 3, Xiao-lin FANG2, Chang-bang LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1a.The State Key Laboratory of Fine Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 1b.Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 2.China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
  • 3.Wuhan Explosion & Blasting Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.001
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原地坍塌爆破拆除技术是突破高耸烟囱在可供倒塌场地严重不足条件下的一种新的爆破拆除技术。该技术的难点在于需在百米高空的多个位置设置高效作业平台,以便快速完成钻孔、装药、堵塞与联网等作业,从而形成多道环形爆破切口。针对上述需求,研制了一种可变直径的吊篮式施工作业平台。该新型作业平台的设计总体思路为:基于对作业过程的分析,明确平台的核心功能,综合考虑作业效率、平台可靠性、工艺适应性及成本等因素,确定了滑动搭板式可变截面整体式吊篮平台方案;针对平台对烟囱外形尺寸的适应性,建立了参数化模型,用于确定针对不同烟囱尺寸时吊篮固定段、滑动搭板段长度、夹角参数的最优值;针对伸缩结构的技术方案进行了比选,选定了钢丝绳牵引方案+四氟乙烯减阻方案。在上述技术方案的基础上,确定了平台的结构方案、安全保障方案、适应性设计方案、安装拆除及使用方案。为验证结构设计的合理性,利用有限元软件,对结构的多种工况进行了受力分析,确保了结构受力的安全性。同时,为了进一步验证平台结构的安全性和功能的可靠性,搭设了专用试验架,对首套试验样机开展了功能试验、荷载试验及可靠性试验等一系列试验,试验表明平台的各项功能均达到了设计预期,结构安全性、功能可靠性均满足要求。平台可以满足高耸烟囱原地坍塌爆破拆除的作业需求,同时也可作为其他各种等(变)截面高耸结构拆除的施工平台。

烟囱爆破  /  原地坍塌  /  作业平台  /  环形吊篮  /  可变直径

In-situ collapse blasting demolition technology is a new blasting demolition technology which can break through the condition of serious shortage of collapse space for towering chimneys. The difficulty of this technology is to set up efficient operation platforms at multiple locations at hundreds of meters to quickly complete drilling, charging, stemming and networking, thus forming multiple ring blasting cuts. According to the requirements, a variable diameter hanging basket as a construction platform is developed. The overall design idea of the new operation platform is as follows: The core function of the platform is defined based on the analysis of the operation process, and the variable section basket platform with a sliding plate is selected by comprehensively considering various factors such as efficiency, reliability, adaptability and cost. A parametric model is established to determine the optimal values of the length and included angle of the fixed section and the sliding plate of the hanging basket for different chimney dimensions, which is according to the adaptability of the platform to the overall dimension of the chimney. The technical schemes of the telescopic structure are compared and selected, and finally the steel wire rope traction scheme together with the resistance reduction scheme by tetrafluoroethylene plate is selected. On the basis of the above technical scheme, the structural scheme, safety guarantee scheme, adaptive design scheme, installation, disassembly and using scheme of the platform are determined. In order to verify the reliability of the structural design, the stress analysis of the structure under various working conditions is carried out by using the finite element software. Meanwhile, a special test frame is set up, and a series of tests including functional test, load test and reliability test are carried out on the first test prototype to verify the safety and functional reliability of the platform structure. The test results show that all the functions of the platform reach the design expectations, and the structural safety and functional reliability meet the requirements. The platform can meet the needs of in-situ collapse of towering chimneys by blasting demolition, and can also be used as a construction platform for the demolition of other high-rise structures with variable cross-sections.

chimney blasting  /  in-situ collapse  /  working platform  /  annular hanging basket  /  variable diameter
王汉章, 姚颖康, 贾永胜, 方小林, 刘昌邦. 高耸烟囱原地坍塌爆破拆除可变直径作业平台研究与试验. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (1) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.001
Han-zhang WANG, Ying-kang YAO, Yong-sheng JIA, Xiao-lin FANG, Chang-bang LIU. Experimental Study on Variable Diameter Working Platform for In-situ Collapse Blasting Demolition of Towering Chimney[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (1) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.001
烟囱原地坍塌爆破拆除技术,是一种全新的烟囱爆破拆除技术[1],它不同于传统的定向爆破、折叠爆破,该技术需要在烟囱上沿高度方向设置多道环形爆破切口,从而使烟囱结构爆破后原地垂直向下坍塌,减少爆破场地需求。该技术的实施难点在于缺乏安全可靠、操作便捷且成本合理的高空施工作业平台[2-4]
根据烟囱原地坍塌爆破技术的工艺特点,该作业平台的核心需求主要包括:(1)平台需要足够的刚度,满足气腿式气动凿岩机钻孔要求;(2)平台使用应便捷高效,尤其要满足最后装药阶段2~3 d完成装药联网与平台拆除的强制性要求;(3)平台必须能够适应烟囱的变直径外形,满足最大高度约200 m高空的作业需求;(4)平台的造价应该相对低廉,在其服役期限内多次使用的成本摊销需与其服务的工程费用相匹配。
通过对国内大量烟囱设计参数的统计分析,选择以高度180 m,顶部直径8 m,底部直径16 m的高耸烟囱作为平台设计的参照基准,同时在设计过程中充分考虑平台对不同尺寸烟囱的适应性。见图1
平台需要解决的关键问题主要有两方面:(1)如何解决安全快速升降问题?(2)如何适应变截面?可选的技术方案对比分析分别如表1表2所示。
综合考虑安拆的便利性,施工效率,技术可靠性,适应性,成本等各方面因素,最终选择了滑动搭板式可变截面整体式吊篮平台方案[5-10]
为了保证烟囱平台的外形尽可能地贴近烟囱的外壁,需要对平台内轮廓线与烟囱外壁的关系进行参数化研究。
平台的总体外形应该尽可能地接近圆形,但从成本考虑平台的边不能过多,综合考虑各种因素,平台的外形为12边形,其中4条边为可伸缩边。平台外形控制参数见表3
平台外形需要满足几个特定工况:最大状态时,d1=200 mm;最小状态时,d2=900 mm,L2=700 mm;任意状态下d2≥900 mm。根据给定的烟囱尺寸可知R1=8000 mm,R2=4000 mm。见图2
首先根据给定的α值计算最小状态下的拐角吊篮半长L3,然后计算任意烟囱截面处,可以分别解算出平台的1/8长度上3个代表点与烟囱外壁距离d1/d2/d3,进而根据选定的优化指标:烟囱截面范围内平台内轮廓与烟囱壁平均间距最小、滑动搭板最大长度与拐角吊篮长度相当,利用matlab建立优化目标函数,求解针对任意烟囱上下径参数的拐角吊篮最优夹角α值。
此时R2=4000,d2=900,L2=700
伸缩方案的难点主要有两点:(1)伸缩段的长度变化范围要求较大,且需要能缩小到0左右;(2)伸缩段需要自带驱动,结构设计应该简单可靠、成本低廉。平台伸缩方案对比见表4。见图3图4表5
滑动搭板的减阻方案:
滑动搭板减阻方案有两种,滚轮组方案和高分子材料减阻方案。经过前期的试验比选,发现滚轮组方案,减阻效果更好。但对加工制造的精度要求太高,由于滚轮是间断布置,滑动搭板重叠段不足时,前端上下滚轮容易出现卡顿的情况。故最终选择了四氟乙烯滑板减阻方案。见图5
经过总体技术方案的比选以及关键技术方案的研究,确定了总体设计方案,如图6所示。
平台的主要设计参数:自重6000 kg,额定荷载2000 kg,内切圆直径调整范围9.5~16.2 m,平台工作面宽度0.85 m,最大作业高度200 m,升降速度9 m/min,8个提升吊点,最大提升同步偏差20 mm。
由4个对称结构组成,分为拐角吊篮和滑动搭板段,如图7~图9所示。为适应烟囱截面的变化,平台外形从12边形变为8边形,4条边长(滑动搭板)渐缩为0,适应从大直径到小直径。
拐角吊篮为对称结构,可分为7段,中间为变角机构1,两侧依次为可替换标准段,滑轨段,变角机构2。全部部件均采用螺栓连接。
变角机构:用于各结构的变角度连接,通过调整外侧长度实现连接夹角调整。
标准段:按照一定的模数设计,结构简单,便于替换,可配置不同长度的标准段,分别用于不同的烟囱,按需选用。
滑轨段:用于安装提升框、靠墙轮,底部空间可供滑动搭板穿出。提升框的安装位置可以根据需要进行调整。
伸缩式靠墙轮:为了配合平台的尺寸外形变化,适应平台与烟囱外壁之间的间隙变化,靠墙轮设计有800 mm的伸缩范围。采用涡轮丝杆设计,可用手动要把或者电机驱动。撑杆与脚轮间采用弹簧过渡,如图10所示。
滑动搭板段用于连接两个拐角吊篮,连接长度可以在0.7~6.2 m范围内任意调整。由内滑板、外滑板、支撑连杆、滑动悬吊框几个部分组成。
内外滑动搭板端与相邻的拐角吊篮连接固定,另一端嵌套重合,上下滑动界面采用四氟乙烯滑板减阻。内外滑动搭板之间缠绕钢丝绳,通过设置于内滑板中的驱动电机拽拉钢丝绳,从而实现滑动搭板的伸缩,如图11所示。驱动电机采用300kg级别的物料提升机组件,具有正反驱动和自锁功能,如图12所示。
为增强滑动搭板段的抗弯抗扭刚度,设计了支撑连杆结构,如图13所示,支撑连杆下方设置滑动悬吊框,套在外滑板的外侧。通过长短连杆的长度配合,保证悬吊框的高度始终不变。
悬吊结构采用可折叠的十字形框架结构,框架折叠后,从烟囱内部吊上烟囱顶部,展开后固定,每个点引出两组悬吊绳,形成8个悬吊点的悬吊系统,如图14所示。每根悬吊绳与一侧绳距离不变,与另一侧绳距离随高度变化,与平台上各个提升机的位置关系变化规律一致,从而保证悬吊绳接近垂直受力。悬吊框架中间引出悬吊杆,作为配合施工的小吊篮的悬吊结构。
相对于常规吊篮,烟囱平台上的作业人员数量更多,对安全性的保障更为严格,故设计时考虑了多重安全保障措施:1、采用了倾角式安全锁,主绳松弛即可起锁;2、靠墙轮撑住烟囱外壁,整个平台套箍在烟囱外,可防止平台下滑;3、平台的同步提升控制系统可以保障平台8个提升点的同步偏差小于20 mm;4、平台控制系统中有专门的高差监控系统,一旦高差超过限值自动停机报警;5、结构设计有足够安全冗余,允许出现单个吊点完全失效的情况,平台不至于失效解体。
为适应不同烟囱的作业需求,平台的设计时充分考虑的调整、拆装的便捷性。变角连接机构可以在一定范围内任意调整,标准段可以方便替换;还可通过改变部件的组合方式来适应更大的尺寸。参数调整方案如下:
1)烟囱直径12 m,标准段长度500 mm,角度组合138°+156°。
2)烟囱直径16 m,标准段长度1500 mm,角度组合142°+154°。
3)烟囱直径24 m,标准段长度1000 mm,角度组合165°+158°,6套设备组合。见图15
平台的设计考虑拼装方便,全部采用螺栓连接,部件重量适中,无须专门的起重机械,对拼装偏差的适应性强,无须在地面上精确放样划线。平台的标准安装流程如下:
(1)烟囱周边场地的清理整平,浇筑混凝土,形成宽度3 m左右的环形拼装场地,场地的高差小于50 mm。
(2)针对烟囱的尺寸参数,确定吊篮标准段长度、变角机构的角度组合。
(3)将零散部件组拼成拐角吊篮、滑动搭板等大部件。
(4)滑动悬吊框套到滑动搭板上,然后将滑动搭板两端与拐角吊篮连接,再安装支撑连杆。
(5)逐步将作业平台安装接长,到最后一个环节,先将一个拐角吊篮的标准段拆下,两端分别与滑动搭板相连。调整4个滑动搭板的长度到基本相同,最后安装被拆下标准段,完成环形作业平台的合龙。
(6)安装悬吊钢丝绳,完成各种传感器的安装,电气线路的连接,完成控制系统参数的调整设定。见图16
平台日常使用时,为了避免频繁地反复升降带来的风险,需要与一台小型吊篮配合使用。打孔作业阶段,烟囱平台从地面逐步升到烟囱顶;装炸药阶段,烟囱平台从顶部逐步降到地面,然后解体拆除。
烟囱平台最大时周长约56m,采用8个悬吊点,最大跨度约为8 m,相对于常规一字型吊篮通常3 m左右的跨度,跨度较大。满载状态下总重量8t,即平均单个吊点承重1t,荷载也远大于常规吊篮。多吊点体系,受力上为连续梁体系,相对常规吊篮的简支体系,受力更为复杂。
平台结构设计原则是尽可能地提高刚度,降低自重,同时兼顾可靠性。故对于受力较小的一字型吊篮结构,均采用6063铝合金,受力较大或者较为复杂的滑动搭板、支撑连杆、滑动悬吊框、变角机构、提升框采用Q235钢。整个工作平台的底板结构改为桁架结构,高度450 mm。
为了验证结构的设计的合理性,对整个作业平台进行了有限元分析。分析工况包括满载工况、偏载工况、单吊点失效工况。根据分析结果,结构最大应力136 MPa,最大变形为36 mm,均满足要求。见图18
为了验证设计的合理性,确保烟囱平台的安全可靠,在专用的试验支架上进行了相应的试验工作。试验项目分为功能试验、荷载试验、可靠性试验[11,12]
功能试验主要包括同步伸缩、同步提升、同步升降+伸缩、靠墙轮作用效果、限位装置和高差监控系统等各个功能的运行效果验证。
荷载试验包括篮体结构的超载试验、提升机的超载试验、平台整体的荷载试验(包括满载和偏载)。
可靠性试验:通过反复的运行、各种环境工况下的运行、极限偏差情况下的运行,验证平台的可靠性。见图19
通过试验,得到如下结论:
(1)滑动搭板的减阻方案,用四氟乙烯滑板比滚轮组方案的效果更优。
(2)平台的伸缩、升降、同步伸缩+升降功能均可以正常实现。但是升降的同步性必须依靠自动控制系统来实现,通过控制系统可以将8个提升点的偏差控制在20 mm以内,但在手动模式下同步偏差可达100 mm/4 m。
(3)各个提升点的高差,对平台的受力影响较为显著,30 mm的高差,在极端情况下能够引起50 MPa左右的应力变化。因此平台在使用过程中,应该严格控制各个悬吊点之间的高差。
(4)基于水准传感器的自动控制方案可行,但受环境风的影响较敏感。在大风环境下升降需要严格控制升降速度,短距离升降后靠墙固定再对高差进行检查。
(5)在整体荷载试验中,结构各部分的受力情况与设计值较为相符,各部分的应力均在允许范围内。通过篮体结构和提升机的超载试验,证明了平台的安全。
通过烟囱原地坍塌爆破可变直径作业平台的研究与试验,验证了设计的可行性和合理性,明确了平台使用的技术要点,并结合试验结果对平台做出改进。平台的应用,可为烟囱原地坍塌爆破新工艺的顺利实施,以及其它各种变截面的高耸结构拆除的施工,提供一种简单高效、适应性强、稳定性好、安全可靠的施工作业平台,其具有广泛的应用前景。
通过对烟囱原位爆破可变直径作业平台功能分析、技术方案比选、结构设计、有限元分析、样机试验等工作,结论如下:
(1)基于钢丝绳提升系统、滑动搭板伸缩系统的环形作业平台可满足以低成本的方式的实现高效升降、适应烟囱的变截面外形等功能需求。
(2)平台的受力性能能够满足安全要求,但是结构的受力较为敏感,需要借助可靠的自动调平系统来保障整体稳定,基于水准传感器的自动控制方案是可行的。
(3)本平台的设计思路可以用于类似的高耸结构拆除的施工作业平台。
  • 江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022B04)
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2023年第40卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.01.001
  • 接收时间:2022-11-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-17
基金
江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022B04)
作者信息
    1a.江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
    1b.江汉大学 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430056
    2.中建三局集团有限公司,武汉 430075
    3.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056

通讯作者:

姚颖康(1981-),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破相关研究,(E-mail)
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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