Article(id=1241421939479212496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737475200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773907654875, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773907654875, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773907654875, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773907654875, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241421928813089644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='210', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773907652332, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773908080242, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241423723643859829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241423723643859830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=129, endPage=139, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241421939856699873, articleId=1241421939479212496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Research on Blasting Demolition Technology for Partial Spans of Continuous Girder Bridges, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The blasting demolition of partial spans in continuous beam bridges frequently entails substantial risks of damage to the adjoining spans. To ensure the effective collapse and fragmentation of the bridge while safeguarding the integrity of adjacent spans, a case study was undertaken focusing on the blasting demolition of a damaged section of a continuous beam bridge in Ankang City. Using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the impact of water pressure blasting on the upper box girder and evaluate various collapse scenarios for the lower piers. These scenarios included row-by-row inclined collapse, span-by-span collapse, and center-to-both-sides collapse patterns. The optimal blasting scheme was identified by comprehensively evaluating three key parameters: structural fragmentation efficiency, collapse configuration, and induced vibration velocity during demolition. Based on these simulation findings, an optimized blasting design was developed, with subsequent safety verification conducted on the vibration velocities to ensure structural integrity and operational safety. The results demonstrate that implementing water pressure blasting in the upper box girder successfully achieved substantial structural fragmentation while effectively controlling debris dispersion and minimizing potential impacts on neighboring spans. Through a strategic approach involving the conversion of the continuous beam into a supported configuration prior to demolition, coupled with a sequential detonation protocol initiating at the main beams of adjacent spans followed by row-by-row inclined collapse of the lower piers, the proposed scheme successfully achieved controlled bridge demolition. This methodology ensured optimal structural fragmentation while reducing vibration velocities within safe thresholds, effectively protecting adjacent spans. The field implementation results aligned well with the numerical simulations, as evidenced by the controlled collapse process and satisfactory fragmentation patterns observed during the on-site blasting operation. No significant damage was observed in the proximate piers. The peak maximum vibration velocity recorded at the monitoring points in the numerical simulation was 3.58 cm/s, closely aligning with the field-measured value of 3.96 cm/s, demonstrating the simulation results' reliability.

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REN Kai (2001-), male, born in Xianyang City, Shanxi Province, postgraduate student, mainly engaged in research on engineering blasting, (E-mail).
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连续梁桥部分桥跨爆破拆除时极易对邻近桥跨产生较大的损害,为同时保证桥梁倒塌破碎效果和相邻桥跨的安全,以安康市某连续梁桥病害部分桥跨拆除爆破工程为例,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件分别对上部箱梁水压爆破和下部桥墩逐排倾斜倒塌、逐跨倾斜倒塌、从中间向两边倾斜倒塌进行了模拟分析,根据桥体破碎效果、桥梁倒塌姿态以及塌落振动速度确定了最佳爆破方案,依据模拟结果进行了爆破设计并对振动速度进行了安全校核。结果表明:上部箱梁水压爆破梁体较为破碎,且爆破飞石较少防止其对邻近桥跨产生较大的冲击;在爆破前变连续梁为简支梁,并在爆破时先起爆邻近桥跨主梁处药包,随后下部桥墩采用逐排倾斜的倒塌方案可以在保证桥梁倒塌破碎效果的同时减小振动速度确保邻近桥跨的安全;现场实际桥梁爆破效果较好,且倒塌过程与数值模拟结果大体一致,邻近桥墩处无明显损伤,数值模拟监测点处最大振速峰值为3.58 cm/s,现场监测为3.96 cm/s,数值模拟结果较为准确。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
任凯(2001-),男,陕西省咸阳市,硕士研究生,主要从事工程爆破方面研究,(E-mail)
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郑选荣(1974-),男,陕西省西安市,博士、副教授,主要从事工程爆破方面研究,(E-mail)

ZHENG Xuan-rong (1974-), male, born in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in research on engineering blasting, (E-mail).

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郑选荣(1974-),男,陕西省西安市,博士、副教授,主要从事工程爆破方面研究,(E-mail)

ZHENG Xuan-rong (1974-), male, born in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in research on engineering blasting, (E-mail).

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郑选荣(1974-),男,陕西省西安市,博士、副教授,主要从事工程爆破方面研究,(E-mail)

ZHENG Xuan-rong (1974-), male, born in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in research on engineering blasting, (E-mail).

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Altitude effect of blasting vibration in slopes[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2010, 32(4): 619-623. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Altitude effect of blasting vibration in slopes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241439677778023203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=25, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=孙金山, 谢先启, 贾永胜, journalName=工程爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙金山, 谢先启, 贾永胜, 等. 建(构)筑物拆除爆破塌落触地振动预测模型研究[J]. 工程爆破, 2014, 20(2): 25-28., articleTitle=建(构)筑物拆除爆破塌落触地振动预测模型研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241439677845132069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=25, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=SUN Jin-shan, XIE Xian-qi, JIA Yong-sheng, journalName=Engineering Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Jin-shan, XIE Xian-qi, JIA Yong-sheng, et al. Forecast model of peak vibration velocity induced by the collapse of structures in demolition blasting projects[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2014, 20(2): 25-28. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Forecast model of peak vibration velocity induced by the collapse of structures in demolition blasting projects, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241439668286313076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, awardId=42072319, language=EN, fundingSource=Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(42072319), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241439668433113724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, awardId=42072319, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42072319), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241439653933404331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241439653941792939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, companyId=1241439653933404331, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241439653945987245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, companyId=1241439653933404331, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安科技大学 建筑与土木工程学院,西安 710054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241439654206034102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241439654210228406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, companyId=1241439654206034102, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Shan'xi Road and Bridge Group Blasting Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241439654214422710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, companyId=1241439654206034102, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.陕西路桥集团爆破工程有限公司,西安 710000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241439661739004319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Picture of some bridge spans that need to be demolished by blasting, figureFileSmall=lwoYwTH3Pt6KKa3mlOD0IQ==, figureFileBig=n/b6OmNNCI5d7oRR+sBXKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439661848056230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图1, caption=需爆破拆除部分桥跨实景图, figureFileSmall=lwoYwTH3Pt6KKa3mlOD0IQ==, figureFileBig=n/b6OmNNCI5d7oRR+sBXKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439662154240435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Front view of the bridge to be demolished(unit:cm), figureFileSmall=PreL8pe+/mMYbiGCM23uVQ==, figureFileBig=H2rFvoTqcFsJizreiTu6ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439662246515126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图2, caption=待拆桥体正视图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=PreL8pe+/mMYbiGCM23uVQ==, figureFileBig=H2rFvoTqcFsJizreiTu6ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439662347178429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Cross-sectional view of box girder(unit:cm), figureFileSmall=3bELo67PmkMHla2ua1hdYw==, figureFileBig=DHcul7WWRFko2NfQoO/kZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439662569476546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图3, caption=箱梁横剖面图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=3bELo67PmkMHla2ua1hdYw==, figureFileBig=DHcul7WWRFko2NfQoO/kZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439662682722764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Numerical model for water pressure blasting of box girder, figureFileSmall=slKQGKJUreZ6idDUZaThxg==, figureFileBig=wRenTaetklwKhQC9xi/m3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439662812746194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图4, caption=箱梁水压爆破数值模型, figureFileSmall=slKQGKJUreZ6idDUZaThxg==, figureFileBig=wRenTaetklwKhQC9xi/m3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439662917603802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Fragmentation process of box girder, figureFileSmall=JZvHsL5oJeK97wXQWIzfhQ==, figureFileBig=9ATGgbByMspjqC8MR6nK9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439663043432931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图5, caption=箱梁破碎过程, figureFileSmall=JZvHsL5oJeK97wXQWIzfhQ==, figureFileBig=9ATGgbByMspjqC8MR6nK9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439663194427880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Finite element model, figureFileSmall=cwFsUqrF7alb1xKE9M3XAA==, figureFileBig=6AFrdqs2eZmFA/sQ3xah7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439663295091180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图6, caption=有限元模型, figureFileSmall=cwFsUqrF7alb1xKE9M3XAA==, figureFileBig=6AFrdqs2eZmFA/sQ3xah7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439663425114612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Bridge collapse process in scheme 1, figureFileSmall=5BIV+ZglOLyhnE1BpC8+vQ==, figureFileBig=9WTAaZpbIDXDhFWTUYF3mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439663521583609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图7, caption=方案1桥梁倒塌过程, figureFileSmall=5BIV+ZglOLyhnE1BpC8+vQ==, figureFileBig=9WTAaZpbIDXDhFWTUYF3mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439663668384252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Bridge collapse process in scheme 2, figureFileSmall=Ta7UHXmVXEWK+SKpJo3MVg==, figureFileBig=4/tNYFkWXf0x+o7icx3eRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439663798407684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图8, caption=方案2桥梁倒塌过程, figureFileSmall=Ta7UHXmVXEWK+SKpJo3MVg==, figureFileBig=4/tNYFkWXf0x+o7icx3eRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439663995539977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Bridge collapse process in scheme 3, figureFileSmall=n6VED/mxtGRIJUxzagRHXw==, figureFileBig=5Ojr9kcrHA3RFZC0pq9z4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439664121369104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图9, caption=方案3桥梁倒塌过程, figureFileSmall=n6VED/mxtGRIJUxzagRHXw==, figureFileBig=5Ojr9kcrHA3RFZC0pq9z4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439664297529879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Bridge collapse process, figureFileSmall=OHVYsohlK+Zgrn94LAriLw==, figureFileBig=XnVEOaVU5a5lF7rSw8a/Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439664419164702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图10, caption=桥梁倒塌过程, figureFileSmall=OHVYsohlK+Zgrn94LAriLw==, figureFileBig=XnVEOaVU5a5lF7rSw8a/Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439664515633698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Morphology of adjacent pier after explosion, figureFileSmall=ODxuvD3kPSeJJiaglNWgLQ==, figureFileBig=xwEmYdb4fSorWQZ/1/+tQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439666130440743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=图11, caption=相邻桥墩爆后形态图, figureFileSmall=ODxuvD3kPSeJJiaglNWgLQ==, figureFileBig=xwEmYdb4fSorWQZ/1/+tQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439666285629996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of explosive material and equation of state

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ρ/(kg·m-3) D/(m·s-1)状态方程参数Equation of state parameters
A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E/GPa V
132066903073.904.490.790.2827.941.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241439666390487604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

炸药材料及状态方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/(kg·m-3) D/(m·s-1)状态方程参数Equation of state parameters
A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E/GPa V
132066903073.904.490.790.2827.941.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241439666604397115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of water material and equation of state

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter ρ/(kg·m-3 ) c/(m·s-1) S1 S2 S3 γ
值Value100014802.56-1.981.230.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241439666885415488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

水材料及状态方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter ρ/(kg·m-3 ) c/(m·s-1) S1 S2 S3 γ
值Value100014802.56-1.981.230.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241439667007050308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameters of air material and equation of state

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter ρ/(kg·m-3) C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 E0/(MJ·m-3) V0
值Value1.20000.40.4025000
), ArticleFig(id=1241439667137073739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

空气材料及状态方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter ρ/(kg·m-3) C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 E0/(MJ·m-3) V0
值Value1.20000.40.4025000
), ArticleFig(id=1241439667258708563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Vibration velocity monitoring data of three blasting schemes

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方案Scheme振速峰值Peak vibration velocity/(cm·s-1)
监测点1 Monitoring Point 1监测点2 Monitoring Point 2
v x v y v z vmax v x v y v z vmax
11.932.153.583.582.423.122.963.12
23.334.628.498.494.115.743.685.74
36.683.653.596.683.603.655.415.41
), ArticleFig(id=1241439667384537684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

三种爆破方案的振动速度监测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案Scheme振速峰值Peak vibration velocity/(cm·s-1)
监测点1 Monitoring Point 1监测点2 Monitoring Point 2
v x v y v z vmax v x v y v z vmax
11.932.153.583.582.423.122.963.12
23.334.628.498.494.115.743.685.74
36.683.653.596.683.603.655.415.41
), ArticleFig(id=1241439667510366809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Main blasting parameters of bridge pier and tie beam

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称Name最小抵抗线Minimum burden/cm孔径Hole diameter/mm孔距Hole spacing/cm排距Row spacing/cm孔深Hole depth/cm炮孔数量Number of blast holes/个总装药量Total explosive charge/kg
桥墩Pier50403040110192115.2
系梁Tie beam30404090127.2
总计Total     204122.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241439667762025055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

桥墩及系梁爆破主要参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称Name最小抵抗线Minimum burden/cm孔径Hole diameter/mm孔距Hole spacing/cm排距Row spacing/cm孔深Hole depth/cm炮孔数量Number of blast holes/个总装药量Total explosive charge/kg
桥墩Pier50403040110192115.2
系梁Tie beam30404090127.2
总计Total     204122.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241439667858494052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Vibration monitoring data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点号Monitoring point number水平距离Horizontal distance/m v x v y v z vmax
1423.963.413.183.96
2423.123.592.863.59
), ArticleFig(id=1241439667959157356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421939479212496, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

现场振动监测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点号Monitoring point number水平距离Horizontal distance/m v x v y v z vmax
1423.963.413.183.96
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连续梁桥局部桥跨爆破拆除技术研究
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郑选荣 1 , 任凯 1 , 刘蕊 2 , 李帅良 1 , 岳雪茹 1
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2025,42(2): 129-139
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2025, 42(2): 129-139
连续梁桥局部桥跨爆破拆除技术研究
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郑选荣1 , 任凯1 , 刘蕊2, 李帅良1, 岳雪茹1
作者信息
  • 1.西安科技大学 建筑与土木工程学院,西安 710054
  • 2.陕西路桥集团爆破工程有限公司,西安 710000
  • 郑选荣(1974-),男,陕西省西安市,博士、副教授,主要从事工程爆破方面研究,(E-mail)

    ZHENG Xuan-rong (1974-), male, born in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in research on engineering blasting, (E-mail).

通讯作者:

任凯(2001-),男,陕西省咸阳市,硕士研究生,主要从事工程爆破方面研究,(E-mail)
Research on Blasting Demolition Technology for Partial Spans of Continuous Girder Bridges
Xuan-rong ZHENG1 , Kai REN1 , Rui LIU2, Shuai-liang LI1, Xue-ru YUE1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 2.Shan'xi Road and Bridge Group Blasting Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.016
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连续梁桥部分桥跨爆破拆除时极易对邻近桥跨产生较大的损害,为同时保证桥梁倒塌破碎效果和相邻桥跨的安全,以安康市某连续梁桥病害部分桥跨拆除爆破工程为例,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件分别对上部箱梁水压爆破和下部桥墩逐排倾斜倒塌、逐跨倾斜倒塌、从中间向两边倾斜倒塌进行了模拟分析,根据桥体破碎效果、桥梁倒塌姿态以及塌落振动速度确定了最佳爆破方案,依据模拟结果进行了爆破设计并对振动速度进行了安全校核。结果表明:上部箱梁水压爆破梁体较为破碎,且爆破飞石较少防止其对邻近桥跨产生较大的冲击;在爆破前变连续梁为简支梁,并在爆破时先起爆邻近桥跨主梁处药包,随后下部桥墩采用逐排倾斜的倒塌方案可以在保证桥梁倒塌破碎效果的同时减小振动速度确保邻近桥跨的安全;现场实际桥梁爆破效果较好,且倒塌过程与数值模拟结果大体一致,邻近桥墩处无明显损伤,数值模拟监测点处最大振速峰值为3.58 cm/s,现场监测为3.96 cm/s,数值模拟结果较为准确。

拆除爆破  /  水压爆破  /  连续梁桥  /  局部桥跨  /  振动速度

The blasting demolition of partial spans in continuous beam bridges frequently entails substantial risks of damage to the adjoining spans. To ensure the effective collapse and fragmentation of the bridge while safeguarding the integrity of adjacent spans, a case study was undertaken focusing on the blasting demolition of a damaged section of a continuous beam bridge in Ankang City. Using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the impact of water pressure blasting on the upper box girder and evaluate various collapse scenarios for the lower piers. These scenarios included row-by-row inclined collapse, span-by-span collapse, and center-to-both-sides collapse patterns. The optimal blasting scheme was identified by comprehensively evaluating three key parameters: structural fragmentation efficiency, collapse configuration, and induced vibration velocity during demolition. Based on these simulation findings, an optimized blasting design was developed, with subsequent safety verification conducted on the vibration velocities to ensure structural integrity and operational safety. The results demonstrate that implementing water pressure blasting in the upper box girder successfully achieved substantial structural fragmentation while effectively controlling debris dispersion and minimizing potential impacts on neighboring spans. Through a strategic approach involving the conversion of the continuous beam into a supported configuration prior to demolition, coupled with a sequential detonation protocol initiating at the main beams of adjacent spans followed by row-by-row inclined collapse of the lower piers, the proposed scheme successfully achieved controlled bridge demolition. This methodology ensured optimal structural fragmentation while reducing vibration velocities within safe thresholds, effectively protecting adjacent spans. The field implementation results aligned well with the numerical simulations, as evidenced by the controlled collapse process and satisfactory fragmentation patterns observed during the on-site blasting operation. No significant damage was observed in the proximate piers. The peak maximum vibration velocity recorded at the monitoring points in the numerical simulation was 3.58 cm/s, closely aligning with the field-measured value of 3.96 cm/s, demonstrating the simulation results' reliability.

demolition blasting  /  hydraulic blasting  /  continuous beam bridge  /  partial bridge span  /  vibration velocity
郑选荣, 任凯, 刘蕊, 李帅良, 岳雪茹. 连续梁桥局部桥跨爆破拆除技术研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (2) : 129 -139 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.016
Xuan-rong ZHENG, Kai REN, Rui LIU, Shuai-liang LI, Xue-ru YUE. Research on Blasting Demolition Technology for Partial Spans of Continuous Girder Bridges[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (2) : 129 -139 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.016
桥梁作为基础交通设施的重要组成部分,在跨越河流、山谷等方面都具有重要的作用。然而,受交通量的激增、自然灾害等因素的影响,许多连续梁桥部分桥跨出现严重病害需爆破拆除重建。桥梁局部桥跨拆除爆破不仅要控制桥梁倒塌姿态,防止桥梁主体构件对邻近主梁及桥墩产生冲击,还要确保爆破振动和塌落振动符合要求,以保证周边建筑物的安全。因此,桥梁部分桥跨拆除爆破往往需要精细化的设计,拆除爆破难度较大。
谢先启分析并总结了目前拆除爆破基础理论及新技术的发展情况,提出精细化爆破是拆除爆破技术未来的发展方向[1]。基于此,许多学者针对紧邻其他建筑物或周边环境复杂的桥梁爆破拆除技术进行了优化研究。蒋跃飞等针对双侧紧贴运营新桥的工程特点[2],提出了逐跨延时原地缓冲坍塌拆除爆破方案,并对于复杂材质的深孔爆破提出了“一孔三段”式的装药结构;王璞等采用原地缓冲塌落控制爆破技术对紧邻既有桥梁的拱桥进行了爆破拆除[3],并进行了振动速度验算;季杉等通过单柱爆破试验[4],研究了单跨梁体塌落触地引起的的振动特点及其传播规律,结果发现倒塌触地振动可能引起周围结构较大的动力响应;胡志坚等建立有限元模型对比分析了考虑扭转作用与不考虑扭转作用的梁桥逐跨倒塌爆破方案[5],结果发现考虑扭转效应的方案可以提升梁体的碰撞损伤程度与爆破拆除效果;齐鹏等采用数值模拟的方法从起爆顺序、触地振动、主梁损伤情况以及延期时间等方面入手[6],对梁桥爆破方案进行了优化;冯剑平推导了桥墩定向倒塌时爆破切口角度和高度的计算公式[7],并采用数值模拟方法进行了验证;杨永强等分析了桥梁塌落引起地面振动加速度特征[8],发现桥梁塌落地面振动加速度峰值随距离增大而降低;马世明等针对双曲拱桥的特点[9],精细设计了原地坍塌的爆破方案,确保了新桥的安全,取得了较为理想的爆破效果。
目前对于桥梁爆破拆除技术多研究紧邻其他建筑物的工程,忽略了桥梁部分桥跨拆除爆破对自身既有桥跨的影响,且对于箱梁水压爆破破碎效果的研究还比较欠缺。本文以安康市某高架桥病害部分桥跨拆除爆破工程为例,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件,对上部箱梁水压爆破和下部桥墩逐排倾斜倒塌、逐跨倾斜倒塌、从中间向两边倾斜倒塌分别进行了模拟分析,从桥梁倒塌效果、触地振动速度等方面出发,研究连续梁桥部分桥跨爆破拆除技术以及对紧邻既有桥跨的影响。对既有桥墩处的振动速度进行了理论计算,并采取了必要的保护措施以减小爆破飞石的危害,研究结果可为类似连续梁桥部分桥跨拆除爆破工程提供参考。
国家高速公路十堰至天水联络线上的某高架桥是一钢筋混凝土连续梁桥,呈南北走向。桥梁全长2.36 km,桥跨组合为40 m×10+20 m×98,桥面宽度10 m,两侧各设置50 cm防撞护栏,净宽9 m。单跨上部采用40 m或20 m后张法预应力混凝土箱梁,每跨3片,桥面采用15 cm双层钢筋网硂铺装。桥身下部为柱式墩、桩基础、柱式桥台,横桥向每列2根墩,通过系梁连接。
受多次强降雨,诱发滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害影响,该桥中部四跨三处盖梁防震挡块均出现严重破损开裂,基本失去限位功能,两根墩柱明显倾斜且出现了大量裂缝,箱梁与墩横向错位明显加剧,盖梁与主梁脱离,失去支撑作用,需要拆除重建,需爆破拆除桥跨部分实景如下图1所示。
待拆部分桥体共4跨,每跨跨径均为20 m,总长80 m,6根桥墩尺寸相同,直径1.6 m,高20 m。
系梁距桥墩底6 m,截面尺寸为100 cm×130 cm,盖梁截面为梯形,上底9 m,下底7.5 m,高为1.2 m,宽2 m。待拆部分桥体结构如图2图3所示。
1)确保相邻桥墩及桥跨的安全性。该连续梁桥要爆破拆除的是有病害部分桥跨,待拆桥跨紧贴相邻桥体结构,且待拆段质量大,塌落高度高,如果不能严格控制其倒塌过程与姿态,将会对周边建筑物造成严重的损害。因此,为确保相邻桥跨的安全,必须控制待拆桥段爆破振动不损伤相邻桥梁构件;待拆桥段塌落振动不损伤相邻桥跨基础及上部结构;待拆桥段塌落过程中主体构件不对相邻桥跨产生冲击。
2)爆破范围较大。待拆桥跨总长达到了80 m,4跨6墩,炮孔数量较多,需要确保各跨主梁及桥墩延时时间准确,起爆网路安全可靠。
水压爆破是利用水的不可压缩性进行能量传递的爆破技术,炸药爆炸产生的能量和压力通过水介质传递到周围介质上,从而实现破碎的目的。研究表明,箱型梁体水压爆破时不仅破碎效果较好,而且能够降低爆破飞石距离,减少粉尘和降低塌落振动速度[10-12]。由于该连续梁桥箱梁壁薄且配筋率较高,钻孔爆破较为困难,且产生的爆破飞石极易对邻近桥跨产生冲击。因此,基于邻近桥跨的安全以及梁体的破碎效果,桥面箱梁采用水压爆破的方法拆除。
采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件模拟水压爆破时箱梁的破坏过程,为简化分析只建立单个箱梁水压爆破1/2数值模型。本文主要研究水压爆破整体箱梁的裂纹扩展与损伤情况,为简化计算并便于分析,将钢筋与混凝土等效为一种材料。采用流固耦合算法,通过关键字*CONSTRAINED_LAGRANGE_IN_SOLID将钢筋混凝土材料与空气、水以及炸药进行耦合分析,钢筋混凝土结构采用拉格朗日算法,空气、水以及炸药都采用欧拉算法。爆破冲击波通过水以及空气介质作用于箱梁,箱梁的动力响应又作用于流体介质,以实现流固耦合。按实际尺寸建立数值模型,如下图4所示,空气与箱梁模型大小相同,且处于同一位置。药包简化为正方体,关于箱梁竖向中心线对称,距空腔顶部距离为45 cm,水充满整个箱梁空腔。模型顶部采用自由边界,模型前侧采用对称边界条件,其余面均施加无反射边界条件,限制模型在三个方向上的位移。
钢筋混凝土HJC材料参数采用*JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CONCRETE关键字描述,HJC本构可以较好的模拟钢筋混凝土或岩石处于大应变、高应变率和高压力时的状态,主要由强度模型、状态方程和损伤模型三部分组成,能够较好的描述材料的非线性变形和断裂特性,因此特别适合于模拟炸药爆炸时钢筋混凝土的动态响应[13]
钢筋混凝土HJC材料参数:密度为2460 kg/m3,剪切模量为14.86 GPa,特征化粘性强度因数A为1.65,特征化压力硬化因数B为1.65,压力硬化指数N为0.66,抗压强度为40 MPa,最大拉伸静水压力T为0.004 GPa,断裂前的塑性应变量为Efmin为0.01,归一化最大强度Sfmax为7.00,损伤参数D1D2分别为0.04、1.0,压力常数K1K2K3分别为74、-153和197 GPa,破碎体积应变为Ucrush为0.001。
炸药选用ANSYS/LS-DYNA中8号材料*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN关键字定义,用JWL状态方程描述炸药爆轰压力与体积之间的关系,如式(1)所示。
式中:P为爆轰产物压力;V为爆轰产物初始相对体积;E为爆轰产物初始能量密度;ABR1R2ω均为炸药材料常数,采用岩石乳化炸药,相关参数见表1[14]
水和空气材料均采用* MAT _ NULL关键字定义,通过* EOS _ GRUNEISEN关键字描述水材料状态方程,如式(2)所示。线性多项式状态方程*EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL模拟空气,如式(3)所示。水和空气参数取值如表2表3所示[15]
式中:p为水压;c为水中的声速;E为水的体积内能;μ为水的动态黏度系数;αS1S2S3均为材料常数。
式中:μ为比体积;C0~C6为实常数;E0为空气单位体积内能。
炸药起爆之后,由于爆炸冲击波的反复震荡、爆生气体的膨胀、高速水流的冲击作用,箱梁会逐渐破碎,其破碎过程如图5所示。
t=0.40 ms时,爆炸冲击波首先作用于箱梁内壁,冲击波的峰值应力大于箱梁的抗压强度,箱梁内壁已开始形成微小裂隙,由于药包距箱梁底板较近,爆炸冲击波压力较大,底板处爆破损伤更严重;t=1.10 ms时,箱梁内壁微小裂隙开始贯通,形成大量的张拉裂纹,底板外侧裂纹已经贯通。炸药爆炸后,爆生气体和高速水流进入到由冲击波形成的裂隙中,发生“水楔”作用,使得既有裂纹进一步延伸扩展,箱梁进一步破坏。可以看出t=3.00 ms时,箱梁损伤范围进一步增大,箱梁顶板及两侧悬臂板裂纹形成,并逐渐从两边向中间延伸扩展,底板外侧部分混凝土已粉碎且脱落,左右两侧腹板也形成了从上到下的贯通裂纹。
t=4.00 ms时,在爆炸应力波、爆生气体以及高速水流的共同作用下,损伤逐渐向外扩展,顶板与悬臂板的交接处也出现了竖向裂纹,顶板中部和底板外侧均出现了混凝土破碎脱落现象;t=5.00 ms时顶板处左右两侧裂纹贯通,出现较大范围的混凝土剥落,箱梁内壁混凝土进一步粉碎剥落。图5(f)为箱梁最终破坏形态,可以看出底板、顶板及腹板处形成了大量的贯通裂纹,箱梁解体损伤情况较好,箱梁破碎达到了预期效果,水压爆破效果良好。
采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力有限元软件建立待拆桥段桥墩、系梁、盖梁以及主梁的数值模型,分析结构的爆破拆除倒塌以及质点振动速度对相邻桥墩的影响。
按照实际尺寸建立数值模型,如下图6所示。采用kg-m-s单位系统,SOLID164实体单元,钢筋混凝土材料选用96号*MAT_BRITTLE_DAMAGE关键字描述,该关键字能根据构(建)筑物的配筋情况灵活定义配筋率,因此特别适用于钢筋混凝土实体模型的模拟,六面体网格划分并采用关键字*LOAD_BODY_Z对整个模型施加重力。主要研究桥梁爆破拆除倒塌过程,若通过建立炸药模型来模拟实际工况,求解时间过长且不利于后期分析,故建立爆破切口,并采用关键字*MAT_ADD_EROSION描述切口的破坏及失效过程。采用全局自动面接触(*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE)自动搜索接触,模拟主梁、盖梁、桥墩以及地面之间的接触。
由于待拆桥跨周边环境的限制,采取向东侧倾斜的倒塌方案,桥体主梁整体塌落至地面往往会产生较大的振动速度,因此在本模拟中先形成3、5、7墩爆破切口,再形成4、6、8墩爆破切口,实现主梁的倾斜倒塌。由于待拆桥段梁体为连续梁,连续梁整体塌落至地面时产生的振动往往比逐跨坍塌时的振动大,为减小地面振动将连续梁切割变为简支梁,即0.05 s时首先删除横桥向三组桥墩顶部的爆破切口。基于以上分析提出了以下3种倒塌方案。
方案1:逐排倾斜倒塌:0.10 s时起爆第1与第4跨主梁处爆破切口,0.20 s时起爆3、5、7墩及系梁处爆破切口,0.50 s时起爆4、6、8墩处爆破切口。
方案2:逐跨倾斜倒塌,0.15 s起爆第1跨主梁处爆破切口,0.35 s时形成3号墩及3与4墩之间系梁处爆破切口,随后每隔0.20 s依次形成各爆破切口。
方案3:从中间向两边倾斜倒塌,0.10 s时形成各主梁处爆破切口,0.20 s时形成5号墩及5与6墩之间系梁处爆破切口,0.40 s时形成6号墩处爆破切口,随后每隔0.20 s对称起爆各爆破切口。
方案1倒塌过程如下图7所示,t=0.54 s时爆破切口完全形成,桥体出现向前倾斜的趋势,两边跨主梁临空端出现明显向下的位移;t=1.18 s时,桥体明显向前倾斜,两边跨主梁分别绕各自盖梁旋转下落;t=2.01 s时,由于两中跨主梁倾斜扭转,使第2跨主梁脱离3与4墩墩顶,临空端自由落体;t=3.42 s时倒塌结束,主梁粉碎较为严重。
方案2桥梁倒塌过程如下图8所示,t=0.56 s时,第3、4、5及6号墩及上部主梁爆破切口完全形成,左边跨主梁临空端出现明显向下位移;t=1.72 s时,整座桥体上部向前倾斜,除8号墩外,其余桥墩均已触地;t=2.85 s时,5号墩上部主梁及右边跨几乎同时落地,这是因为两边跨一端约束释放,边跨下落速度明显快于两中跨,此外当边跨脱离盖梁时,中间桥墩承受更大的主梁重力,导致其下降速度过快。t=3.97 s时倒塌结束,可以看出两中跨主梁相对完整,两边跨主梁除触地部位出现较大损伤外,其余部位也相对完整。
方案3桥梁倒塌过程如图9所示,t=0.67 s时,桥梁爆破切口完全形成,中间第二排桥墩切口支撑截面处的混凝土已经出现裂缝;t=1.28 s时两边跨主梁开始绕各自支点旋转下落,临空端出现明显向下的位移;t=2.33 s时两边跨主梁已经落地,可以明显看到中间桥墩向下的位移更大,中间主梁呈“V”形态倾斜倒塌;t=3.52 s时倒塌结束,各跨主梁仍相对完整,盖梁从中间部位断裂,各个桥墩出现了较严重的损伤。
1)3种方案倒塌效果对比分析
图7~图9可以看出,3种方案桥梁倒塌过程桥体各构件均不会与邻近1、2、9及10墩接触,倒塌完成后两桥墩仍相对完整,没有出现较大的损伤。从桥梁倒塌后各构件破碎效果来看,方案1破碎效果最优。方案1主梁、桥墩以及盖梁均出现了较多的混凝土碎块,而方案2中间两跨主梁以及方案3全部主梁仍相对完整,不利于后期机械破碎与装运。由图8可以看出,方案2两边跨主梁落地后较为破碎,虽然边跨破损严重易于后期清理,但碎块飞溅易对邻近桥墩基础造成较大损伤。
桥梁倒塌过程对两桥墩构成最大威胁的是两边跨主梁向两桥墩方向的位移(即y方向上的位移),因此选取两跨主梁上靠近两桥墩侧844 111与792 559单元分析其y方向上的最大位移,844 111单元位于图6中右侧,792 559单元位于左侧。结果显示,844 111单元三种方案y向最大位移分别为-2.13 m,-1.92 m,-2.10 m,792 559单元三种方案y向最大位移分别为2.60 m,1.57 m,2.49 m,其中,正方向为图6中右侧。3种方案均向远离邻近桥墩方向运动,可以看出,方案1向远离两桥墩方向位移最大,因此从两边跨向y方向运动最大位移来看,方案1为最优方案。
2)3种方案塌落振动对比分析
研究表明,建筑拆除爆破时,产生振动的原因主要包括两个方面:一是炸药爆炸产生的振动波,即爆破振动;二是建筑物倒塌解体对地面撞击造成的地层振动,即塌落振动[16,17]。建筑物拆除时塌落振动往往比爆破振动大,因此主要研究塌落振动对建筑物的影响。以下对3种爆破方案桥梁塌落振动进行对比分析,两监测点均布置在相邻桥墩处,即桥梁横桥向的中线上,距待拆桥段中心水平距离为42 m,监测点1位于待拆桥段南侧,监测点2位于待拆桥段北侧。监测三个方向上的最大振动速度,如表4所示。
方案2单向起爆方案塌落振动明显比其他两种方案高,其振速峰值也最大。理论上单向起爆塌落振动应较小,这是因为单向起爆先爆跨下落时会受到后爆跨的牵扯作用,从而减小触地振动。但是由于本模拟中部桥墩处主梁与右边跨主梁几乎同时落地,反而加大了其塌落振动速度,见图8(e)。由于方案1逐排起爆第2跨主梁先落地,第3跨主梁随后落地;方案3两中跨主梁几乎同时落地,因此方案3的塌落振速峰值比方案1塌落振速峰值大。由此可以看出,若只考虑塌落振动时,方案1为最优方案。
综合以上分析,采用逐排倾斜倒塌方案时,倒塌后主梁较为粉碎利于后期破碎与装运、其向远离两邻近桥墩侧位移最大有利于两桥墩的安全、塌落振动峰值最小有利于周边建筑物的安全。因此,在实际工程中采取方案1的倒塌方式最合理。
采用延时分段起爆技术,逐排倾斜倒塌方案,使桥梁向东侧倾斜倒塌,爆破部位选择6根墩柱下部6 m范围、系梁以及第1和第4跨靠近相邻桥墩一侧。双柱式桥墩采用双排水平钻孔的方式拆除,每根墩柱钻孔32个,共16排,每排两个炮孔,间距为30 cm,排距为40 cm。系梁采用单排布孔,钻孔4个。墩柱及系梁爆破参数统计如下表5所示。箱梁水压爆破药包间距取1.2 m,根据模拟结果药包距空腔顶部距离为45 cm,距梁体内底面为32 cm,单跨梁体共用岩石乳化炸药36 kg,普通毫秒导爆管雷管90发。
采用绳锯切割的方法,将3根墩顶部梁体全断面切断,变连续梁为简支梁,待梁体安全稳定之后再进行装药。上部箱梁水压爆破时需要对箱梁进行密封,随后再对水压爆破装药位置进行钻孔作业。
根据国家《爆破安全规程》(GB6722—2014)的规定,主振频率小于等于10 Hz时,新浇大体积混凝土(C20龄期:7~28 d)安全允许质点振动速度为7.0~8.0 cm/s,因此对邻近桥墩爆破振动安全允许标准取为7 cm/s[18,19]
工程爆破中,常采用萨道夫斯基公式预测和控制爆破振动对周围环境的影响,本文采用同一高程的萨道夫斯基公式对邻近桥墩处的爆破振动进行校核,如下式4所示[20]
式中:Q为一次齐爆药量;R为保护目标至爆源的距离;v为质点振动速度,cm/s;k′为衰减系数,取为0.3;Kα为与介质和爆破条件因素有关的系数,K取150,α取1.5。
计算得到,邻近桥墩处的爆破振动速度为3.51 cm/s,符合规范要求。
邻近桥墩处的塌落振动采用孙金山教授等根据动量守恒原理以及塌落冲击作用下地基塑性区的分布,推导出的距离振源R处的最大振动速度计算公式,如式(5)所示[21]
式中:m1为塌落体的质量,取为1 224 000 kg;v1为碰撞前塌落体的速度,取为17.5 m/s;m2为地面塑性区的质量;R为与振源的距离,取为1 m;β为衰减系数。
经计算1、2、9以及10号墩塌落振动速度均为4.15 cm/s,符合设计要求。
在爆破前进行实爆实验,进一步调整和优化爆破参数。钻孔时需保证炮孔位置、深度及方向准确,填塞长度及填塞质量符合设计要求。对爆破部位采取三重防护,第一层用稻草、草袋或棉被进行包裹、覆盖,第二层用尼龙安全网进行包裹、覆盖,第三层用钢丝网进行包裹、覆盖。通过这样的方式减小爆破飞石的危害效应。
为进一步控制塌落振动,在需爆破的4跨梁下修筑高度不小于1.5 m,宽度为5~6 m的横向减震墙,保留沟槽。用土石覆盖露出地表的底系梁,在两侧须保留的墩柱外侧回填高度不小于3 m的防撞墙,并采用竹架板包裹邻近整个墩柱,防止飞石撞击。
首先引爆第1与第4跨主梁,利用水压爆破中水的传能作用,将爆炸能量均匀地作用在主梁上,如图10(b)所示;随后,下部结构起爆,炸药爆炸冲击波直接作用于墩柱,使墩柱失去承载能力,桥体开始倾斜,如下图10(c);第1跨与第4跨主梁靠近邻近桥墩一侧约束释放,两跨主梁分别绕各自盖梁旋转下落,如图10(d);桥体倾斜,主梁失去支撑,斜向倾转,第2跨主梁右侧脱离中间盖梁,主梁开始倾斜下座,如图10(e);由图10(f)可知,第3跨主梁失去了两边桥跨的限制,开始倾斜下落。图11为爆后相邻桥墩形态图,可以看出,两墩表面无明显损伤,爆破效果良好。对比图10图7可知,桥梁倒塌过程与数值模拟结果基本一致,均经历了第1与第4跨主梁旋转下落、第2跨主梁及左边墩柱倾斜下落、第3跨主梁及下部桥墩倾斜倒塌三个阶段,数值模拟结果较为准确。
为了研究桥梁倒塌振动传播,采用中科测控TC-4850型爆破振动测试仪,监测其爆破振动速度。监测点1、2位于桥体横桥向的中线上,距待拆桥段中心水平距离为42 m,与数值模拟部分监测点位置相同,实测振动数据如表6所示。
表6可知,各监测点振动速度峰值均小于安全允许振速,不会对相邻桥墩产生危害。现场振动监测值比数值模拟结果略大,但二者结果仍较为接近,最大误差为13.09%,在允许的范围内,进一步说明数值模拟结果较为准确。
1)通过数值模拟和现场实际爆破对连续梁桥局部桥跨拆除爆破技术进行了研究,提出了连续梁桥局部桥跨拆除爆破方案。上部梁体水压爆破,下部桥墩钻孔爆破的方法可以有效降低爆破飞石距离,以免对邻近桥跨产生较大的冲击。
2)爆破前人工切割各桥墩顶主梁,将连续梁变为多跨简支梁;爆破时首先起爆主梁靠近邻近桥跨处的炸药,随后下部桥墩采用逐排倾斜的倒塌方案是较为理想的爆破顺序,可以有效降低爆破振动及塌落振动速度,以保证相邻桥跨的安全。
3)现场实际爆破效果较好,邻近桥墩无明显损伤,数值模拟与工程实际桥梁倒塌过程以及塌落振动速度均较为接近,现场监测数据与模拟结果的最大误差为13.09%,数值模拟结果较为准确。合理运用数值模拟技术对连续梁桥局部桥跨爆破拆除倒塌过程进行模拟,从多个方面详细分析数值模拟结果,进而优化爆破设计方案,可以有效保证实际工程拆除爆破的成功。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42072319)
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2025年第42卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.016
  • 接收时间:2025-01-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-22
基金
Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(42072319)
国家自然科学基金(42072319)
作者信息
    1.西安科技大学 建筑与土木工程学院,西安 710054
    2.陕西路桥集团爆破工程有限公司,西安 710000

通讯作者:

任凯(2001-),男,陕西省咸阳市,硕士研究生,主要从事工程爆破方面研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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