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Article(id=1241421936031486880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736956800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773907654054, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773907654054, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773907654054, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773907654054, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241421928813089644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='210', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773907652332, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773908080242, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241423723643859829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241423723643859830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=66, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241421936706769837, articleId=1241421936031486880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Titanium Fire Suppression Technology in Shaped Charge Cutting of Titanium Alloys, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

During aero-engine casing containment tests, the explosive separation method used to achieve the constant-speed fly-off of titanium alloy blades often produces a bright titanium fire phenomenon. This titanium fire obstructs high-speed camera recording of the blade fly-off process. To address this issue, this study analyzed the mechanism of titanium fire generation and proposed a barrier layer method to suppress titanium fire during shaped energy cutting of titanium alloys. Numerical simulations using the Euler algorithm in AUTODYN were conducted to evaluate the blocking effect of the barrier layer and its feasibility for titanium fire suppression. Experimental investigations were then performed to quantitatively assess the brightness reduction of titanium fire, comparing the effectiveness of four barrier materials. The results indicate that 0.1mm thick aluminum and titanium tin foil achieve titanium fire suppression rates of 29.5% and 24%, respectively, demonstrating moderate effectiveness. A 0.1 mm thick copper sheet shows poor performance with a suppression rate of only 4.3%, while a 0.1 mm thick aluminum silicate coating exhibits the best performance, achieving a suppression rate of 70.9%. This study has summarized the mechanism of titanium fire suppression suing barrier layers during shaped energy cutting of titanium alloy plates and validated the feasibility of the barrier layer method. The findings can provide a practical approach for titanium fire elimination in explosion separation processes involving shaped energy cutting of titanium alloys.

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WANG Meng (1974-), male, born in Huainan city, Anhui province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in the explosion mechanics, computational mechanics research, (E-mail) .
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在航空发动机机匣包容试验中，钛合金叶片采用爆炸分离法定速飞脱时，存在明亮钛火现象，阻碍高速摄像捕捉叶片飞脱过程。为此，先分析了钛火产生机理，提出了阻碍层方法消弭聚能切割钛合金中的钛火。再用AUTODYN欧拉算法对此过程进行数值计算，探究阻碍层阻挡作用及消弭钛火可行性。最后通过实验定量分析4种材料阻碍层的钛火消弭效果。结果表明：0.1 mm厚铝箔和锡箔钛火消弭率分别为29.5%、24%，效果一般；0.1 mm厚紫铜片消弭率仅4.3%，效果较差；而0.1 mm厚铝硅酸盐涂层消弭率高达70.9%，效果最佳。总结了阻碍层消弭钛火机理，验证了其在聚能切割钛合金中的有效性，为聚能切割爆炸分离钛合金中钛火消弭提供了思路和方法。

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王猛（1974-），男，安徽淮南，博士、教授，主要从事爆炸力学、计算力学研究，（E-mail）。
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韦众（2000-），男，安徽阜阳，硕士研究生，主要从事爆破理论与技术研究，（E-mail）。

WEI Zhong (2000-), male, born in Fuyang city, Anhui province, postgraduate student, mainly engaged in the blasting theory and technology research, (E-mail).

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韦众（2000-），男，安徽阜阳，硕士研究生，主要从事爆破理论与技术研究，（E-mail）。

WEI Zhong (2000-), male, born in Fuyang city, Anhui province, postgraduate student, mainly engaged in the blasting theory and technology research, (E-mail).

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韦众（2000-），男，安徽阜阳，硕士研究生，主要从事爆破理论与技术研究，（E-mail）。

WEI Zhong (2000-), male, born in Fuyang city, Anhui province, postgraduate student, mainly engaged in the blasting theory and technology research, (E-mail).

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Effect of charge density on the explosive JWL equation of state[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2021, 42(1): 174-178. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of charge density on the explosive JWL equation of state, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241439673042653905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421936031486880, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=杨丹, 赵海滨, 龙哲, journalName=MATLAB图像处理实例详解, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨丹, 赵海滨, 龙哲, 等. 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The Johnson－Cook material model parameters for TC4(Ti6Al4V)

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屈服应力Initial Yield Stress/ MPa硬化常数Hardening Constant/ MPa硬化指数Hardening Exponent应变率常数Strain rate constant热软化指数Thermal softening exponent失效参数1 Stress triaxiality constant 1失效参数2 Stress triaxiality constant 2失效参数3 Stress triaxiality constant 3失效参数4 Strain rate dependency constant失效参数5 Temperature dependency constant
8623310.340.0120.8－0.090.25－0.50.0143.87
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TC4(Ti6Al4V)的Johnson－Cook材料模型参数

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屈服应力Initial Yield Stress/ MPa硬化常数Hardening Constant/ MPa硬化指数Hardening Exponent应变率常数Strain rate constant热软化指数Thermal softening exponent失效参数1 Stress triaxiality constant 1失效参数2 Stress triaxiality constant 2失效参数3 Stress triaxiality constant 3失效参数4 Strain rate dependency constant失效参数5 Temperature dependency constant
8623310.340.0120.8－0.090.25－0.50.0143.87
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The Johnson－cook material model parameters of the copper

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密度Density/ (g·cm－3)特定热量Specific heat/(J·kg－1·K－1)软化温度Thermal softening temperature/℃屈服应力Initial yield stress/MPa硬化常数Hardening constant/MPa硬化指数Hardening exponent应变率常数Strain rate constant热软化指数Thermal softening exponent
8.963831356902920.310.0251.09
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COPPER的Johnson－cook材料参数

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密度Density/ (g·cm－3)特定热量Specific heat/(J·kg－1·K－1)软化温度Thermal softening temperature/℃屈服应力Initial yield stress/MPa硬化常数Hardening constant/MPa硬化指数Hardening exponent应变率常数Strain rate constant热软化指数Thermal softening exponent
8.963831356902920.310.0251.09
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Parameters of the JWL equation of state for HNS

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密度Density/ ( g·cm－3)爆压Detonation pressure/ GPa爆速Detonation velocity/ (m·s－1)高压系数High pressure coefficient/ GPa中压系数Medium pressure coefficient/GPa衰减系数1 Attenuation coeffcient 1衰减系数2 Attenuation coeffcient 2内能耦合系数Internal energy coupling coefficient初始比内能Initial specific internal energy/ GPa
1.6521.507030463.108.8374.551.350.357.45
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HNS的JWL状态方程参数

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密度Density/ ( g·cm－3)爆压Detonation pressure/ GPa爆速Detonation velocity/ (m·s－1)高压系数High pressure coefficient/ GPa中压系数Medium pressure coefficient/GPa衰减系数1 Attenuation coeffcient 1衰减系数2 Attenuation coeffcient 2内能耦合系数Internal energy coupling coefficient初始比内能Initial specific internal energy/ GPa
1.6521.507030463.108.8374.551.350.357.45
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Material parameters of lead－antimony alloy

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密度Density/ (g·cm－3)格鲁尼森系数Gruneisen coefficient声速系数1 (Sound velocity coefficient 1/(m·s－1)斜率系数1 Slope coefficient 1特定热量Specific heat/ (J·kg－1·K－1)弹性模量Elastic Modulus/GPa初始温度Initial temperature)/K
11.352.7720511.4212130298
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LEAD的材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度Density/ (g·cm－3)格鲁尼森系数Gruneisen coefficient声速系数1 (Sound velocity coefficient 1/(m·s－1)斜率系数1 Slope coefficient 1特定热量Specific heat/ (J·kg－1·K－1)弹性模量Elastic Modulus/GPa初始温度Initial temperature)/K
11.352.7720511.4212130298
), ArticleFig(id=1241439666143023658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421936031486880, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Number and thickness parameters of different materials

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编号Number材料Material厚度Thickness/mm
#0//
#1铝箔Aluminium foil0.1
#2紫铜Red copper0.1
#3锡箔Tinfoil paper0.1
#4铝硅酸盐Aluminum silicate0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241439666289824302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421936031486880, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同材料编号与厚度参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号Number材料Material厚度Thickness/mm
#0//
#1铝箔Aluminium foil0.1
#2紫铜Red copper0.1
#3锡箔Tinfoil paper0.1
#4铝硅酸盐Aluminum silicate0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241439666386293300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421936031486880, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The mean brightness images of treated titanium fire elimination experiments by MATLAB

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编号Number材料Material平均亮度Average brightness/ (cd·m－2)消弭率Elimination rate/%
#0/48.54/
#1铝箔(aluminium foil)34.2329.50
#2紫铜(red copper)46.164.30
#3锡箔(tinfoil paper)36.8524.00
#4铝硅酸盐(aluminum silicate)14.1170.90
), ArticleFig(id=1241439666503733815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421936031486880, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

MATLAB处理钛火消弭实验图像的亮度平均值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号Number材料Material平均亮度Average brightness/ (cd·m－2)消弭率Elimination rate/%
#0/48.54/
#1铝箔(aluminium foil)34.2329.50
#2紫铜(red copper)46.164.30
#3锡箔(tinfoil paper)36.8524.00
#4铝硅酸盐(aluminum silicate)14.1170.90
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聚能切割钛合金中钛火消弭技术研究
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韦众 1 , 王猛 1 , 谢强 1 , 李发耀 1 , 王天玺 1 , 王弈轩 1 , 宣海军 2 , 何泽侃 2
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2025,42(2): 60-66
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2025, 42(2): 60-66
聚能切割钛合金中钛火消弭技术研究
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韦众1 , 王猛1 , 谢强1, 李发耀1, 王天玺1, 王弈轩1, 宣海军2, 何泽侃2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽理工大学　化工与爆破学院，淮南　232001
  • 2.浙江大学　高速旋转机械实验室，杭州　310027

    • 韦众（2000-），男，安徽阜阳，硕士研究生，主要从事爆破理论与技术研究，（E-mail）。

    WEI Zhong (2000-), male, born in Fuyang city, Anhui province, postgraduate student, mainly engaged in the blasting theory and technology research, (E-mail).

通讯作者:

王猛（1974-），男，安徽淮南，博士、教授，主要从事爆炸力学、计算力学研究，（E-mail）。
Study on Titanium Fire Suppression Technology in Shaped Charge Cutting of Titanium Alloys
Zhong WEI1 , Meng WANG1 , Qiang XIE1, Fa-yao LI1, Tian-xi WANG1, Yi-xuan WANG1, Hai-jun XUAN2, Ze-kan HE2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainian 232001, China
  • 2.High-speed Rotating Machinery Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.007
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摘要
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在航空发动机机匣包容试验中，钛合金叶片采用爆炸分离法定速飞脱时，存在明亮钛火现象，阻碍高速摄像捕捉叶片飞脱过程。为此，先分析了钛火产生机理，提出了阻碍层方法消弭聚能切割钛合金中的钛火。再用AUTODYN欧拉算法对此过程进行数值计算，探究阻碍层阻挡作用及消弭钛火可行性。最后通过实验定量分析4种材料阻碍层的钛火消弭效果。结果表明：0.1 mm厚铝箔和锡箔钛火消弭率分别为29.5%、24%，效果一般；0.1 mm厚紫铜片消弭率仅4.3%，效果较差；而0.1 mm厚铝硅酸盐涂层消弭率高达70.9%，效果最佳。总结了阻碍层消弭钛火机理，验证了其在聚能切割钛合金中的有效性，为聚能切割爆炸分离钛合金中钛火消弭提供了思路和方法。

聚能切割  /  钛合金  /  数值计算  /  钛火消弭  /  阻碍层

During aero-engine casing containment tests, the explosive separation method used to achieve the constant-speed fly-off of titanium alloy blades often produces a bright titanium fire phenomenon. This titanium fire obstructs high-speed camera recording of the blade fly-off process. To address this issue, this study analyzed the mechanism of titanium fire generation and proposed a barrier layer method to suppress titanium fire during shaped energy cutting of titanium alloys. Numerical simulations using the Euler algorithm in AUTODYN were conducted to evaluate the blocking effect of the barrier layer and its feasibility for titanium fire suppression. Experimental investigations were then performed to quantitatively assess the brightness reduction of titanium fire, comparing the effectiveness of four barrier materials. The results indicate that 0.1mm thick aluminum and titanium tin foil achieve titanium fire suppression rates of 29.5% and 24%, respectively, demonstrating moderate effectiveness. A 0.1 mm thick copper sheet shows poor performance with a suppression rate of only 4.3%, while a 0.1 mm thick aluminum silicate coating exhibits the best performance, achieving a suppression rate of 70.9%. This study has summarized the mechanism of titanium fire suppression suing barrier layers during shaped energy cutting of titanium alloy plates and validated the feasibility of the barrier layer method. The findings can provide a practical approach for titanium fire elimination in explosion separation processes involving shaped energy cutting of titanium alloys.

shaped energy cutting  /  titanium alloy  /  numerical calculation  /  titanium fire elimination  /  barrier layer
韦众, 王猛, 谢强, 李发耀, 王天玺, 王弈轩, 宣海军, 何泽侃. 聚能切割钛合金中钛火消弭技术研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (2) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.007
Zhong WEI, Meng WANG, Qiang XIE, Fa-yao LI, Tian-xi WANG, Yi-xuan WANG, Hai-jun XUAN, Ze-kan HE. Study on Titanium Fire Suppression Technology in Shaped Charge Cutting of Titanium Alloys[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (2) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.007
正文
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航空发动机机匣包容试验是为了测试检验机匣对飞脱后转子叶片的容限[1]。郭明明等采用预制裂纹与线性聚能切割器爆破切割相结合的爆破飞脱方法进行了静态爆破切割实验[2]，证明了聚能切割爆炸分离航空发动机叶片方法具有较强的可行性和可靠性。陈刚对线性聚能射流爆炸分离钛合金进行研究[3]，探究了在一定开槽深度下成功分离钛合金板的方案。线性聚能切割器早已在采石、水下工程及石油等领域广泛应用[4,5]，且便于操作、精准可控，采用线性聚能切割器爆炸分离方法已经成为常用的航空发动机叶片飞脱方法。在采用爆炸分离的方法开展机匣包容试验时，要求记录转子叶片在特定转速和特定角度时断裂飞脱的情况。在使用高速摄像对叶片飞脱断裂过程进行拍摄时，爆炸分离瞬间产生的明亮钛火会遮蔽视场，阻碍观测记录。因此，必须尽量减少爆炸切断转子叶片过程中产生的钛火。
综上所述，目前尚缺乏针对航空发动机叶片聚能切割爆炸分离过程中钛火消减的研究。为此，本研究在分析聚能切割钛合金叶片产生钛火的机理后，提出使用轻薄阻碍层的方法消弭钛火，借助AUTODYN中欧拉方法模拟计算聚能切割TC4钛合金板过程中阻碍层的阻挡作用，并用4种材料开展钛火消弭实验研究，结合实验结果验证该方法的可行性。以期解决聚能切割钛合金叶片实验中钛火影响高速摄像拍摄的问题，同时为航空发动机机匣包容试验中爆炸分离钛合金叶片提供有效的钛火消弭方法。
1　钛火产生机理分析
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在爆炸分离钛合金实验中使用的聚能切割索的截面图尺寸及实物如图1所示，切割索的装药为六硝基茋(HNS)，被壳和药型罩均由铅合金一次拉拔成型。
在爆炸切割钛合金板材过程中，切割索中六硝基茋被引爆后，产生高温高压的爆轰产物挤压药型罩形成金属射流。金属射流速度远大于爆轰产物膨胀飞散速度，金属射流率先接触并侵彻钛合金板。爆轰产物的温度约为3700 ℃，随后与高温爆轰产物接触的钛合金温度立即升高[6]。当钛合金局部温度超过其燃点时，争夺置换空气中的氧及爆生气体产物如二氧化碳、一氧化碳、水等氧化物中的氧，发生氧化还原反应，产生明亮的钛火[7]。对钛合金叶片进行聚能切割爆炸分离时产生的明亮钛火现象如图2所示。
综上所述，爆炸分离钛合金过程中钛火的产生，主要归因于高温爆轰产物对钛合金表面的剧烈升温作用。因此，减少爆轰产物对钛合金的剧烈升温作用，使两者接触部分的大部分钛合金温度不能达到其燃点，可减少钛火的产生。一方面，降低爆轰产物温度可以达到上述目的，但是降低爆温的同时会减小装药的猛度。经过实验测试发现，直接降低爆温情况下钛火消弭效果甚微，而装药的猛度会大幅减小。另一方面，在不降爆温的情况下，使用阻碍层阻挡爆轰产物，可降低其对钛合金表面的升温作用。阻碍层在极短时间内阻挡爆轰气体，使其膨胀降温，从而大幅降低与钛合金接触后的升温作用，进而大幅度消减钛火。
分析钛火产生机理后发现，在聚能切割钛合金中采用阻碍层方法可以消弭钛火。具体而言，可寻找某种材料，涂覆或贴附在钛合金表面。在射流侵彻切割过程中，阻碍层可阻挡、延迟爆轰产物与钛合金接触，降低钛合金升温，从而消减钛火。阻碍层需薄而适之，以免过厚阻碍射流。聚能切割时，微小射流切刀先击穿阻碍层，再侵彻钛合金板，形成的微小切口仅容射流通过。爆轰产物膨胀至阻碍层时，会破坏阻碍层后才与钛合金接触，阻碍层使爆轰产物短时间内温度大幅下降，并且阻碍层在短时间内隔绝爆轰产物和空气的接触，使钛合金不能立即与高温爆轰产物发生反应，从而有效减少钛火产生。
根据金属介质的隔爆能力可知，铝、铜的隔爆性能良好[8]。由限氧热解制备生物炭的原理可知[9]，锡箔纸具有较好的隔热性能。此外，铝硅酸盐轻质且具有良好的耐热与阻燃性能[10]。由此，本文拟选用铝箔、紫铜片、锡箔、铝硅酸盐涂层作为阻碍层材料，以消弭钛火。
2　数值计算
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2.1　计算模型
在爆炸切割过程中，材料出现大变形量，属于求解大变形问题，更适宜用欧拉算法求解该过程[11]。为验证采用阻碍层方法消弭钛火的可行性，模拟计算了射流和爆轰产物对阻碍层、钛合金的作用的物理过程，以此分析阻碍层的作用机理。计算模型中TC4钛合金板的尺寸10 mm×10 mm，钛合金板居中开槽，凹槽的宽度为4.2 mm，深度为7 mm。为确保模拟的精确性，模型中网格的最小单元尺寸被设定为0.02 mm，整个模型的总网格数达到了250 000。阻碍层紧贴钛合金凹槽内侧隔绝聚能切割索与钛合金板的接触。将阻碍层材料选为厚度0.1 mm的紫铜。
为探究阻碍层对爆轰产物的阻挡作用，在构建的模型中设置了两个监测点，用于监测聚能射流速度及爆轰产物膨胀速度随时间的动态变化情况。TC4钛合金板、聚能切割索及阻碍层材料的2D模型及其监测点如图3所示。
TC4钛合金板材、聚能装药外壳和钛火消弭材料采用Johnson－Cook材料模型参数，炸药采用JWL状态方程，TC4钛合金、紫铜、HNS等材料参数见表1~表4所示[12,13]。
2.2　计算结果与分析
不同时刻聚能切割钛合金板的求解结果如图4所示。
由图4和图5可知，切割索起爆后，射流在t＝0.8 μs开始侵彻紫铜阻碍层，此时射流到达监测点1，射流头部速度约为2780 m/s。爆轰产物在t＝1 μs时膨胀接触到凹槽两侧紫铜阻碍层，爆轰产物膨胀飞散到监测点2，其速度约为744 m/s，射流速度远大于爆轰产物的质点运动速度。在t＝3 μs时，细小射流切刀侵入钛合金中，且破坏紫铜阻碍层形成的切口较小。爆轰产物随后膨胀到达钛合金板底部监测点1，此时爆轰产物速度约为300 m/s。爆轰产物在膨胀中被紫铜层阻挡，破坏紫铜层后接触钛合金，在t＝3 μs时才有少量爆轰产物直接与钛合金表面接触。这一过程充分展现了紫铜阻碍层在延迟爆轰产物与钛合金接触、在短时间内隔绝爆轰产物和空气的接触，使钛合金不能立即与高温爆轰产物发生反应，降低高温爆轰产物对钛合金升温作用及阻挡减少氧化反应发生方面所发挥的关键作用。
当射流侵彻基本结束时，仍有部分紫铜贴附钛合金板凹槽表面。说明紫铜层在爆炸切割过程中，有效阻碍了爆轰产物与钛合金的接触，可以降低对钛合金表面的热升温作用，从而减少了钛火的产生。计算结果也可以验证采用阻碍层方法在聚能切割中消弭钛火的可行性。
3　实验
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3.1　材料与仪器设备
实验材料与仪器：TC4钛合金板(100 mm×60 mm×23 mm)、聚能切割索、电子雷管、0.1 mm厚铝箔、0.1 mm厚紫铜片、0.1 mm厚锡箔纸、铝硅酸盐(Na2[(AlO2)·2SiO2])、高速摄像机等。
3.2　实验过程
在综合考虑阻碍层材料的各项要求后，明确所选材料应具备不易燃或具有较好阻燃性的特点，并且其厚度需要尽可能小。基于这些标准，最终选择了4种材料进行钛火消弭实验，分别为铝箔、紫铜片、锡箔纸、铝硅酸盐涂层。特别地，对于铝硅酸盐材料，先将其用水调制成胶糊状，然后均匀地涂覆在待处理的钛合金表面上。待涂层中的水分完全蒸发并干燥后，再进行后续的钛火消弭实验。这种处理方法旨在充分发挥铝硅酸盐的阻燃特性，以达到有效消弭钛火的目的。
依次使用上述4种材料贴附或涂覆于TC4钛合金板的凹槽内侧，将聚能切割索紧贴凹槽底部放置并预留5 cm长超出凹槽，用阻碍层材料将聚能切割索与钛合金板隔开，装配后的钛合金板如图6所示。4种实验材料排序编号为#1~#4，空白对照实验编号为#0，共5组实验如表5所示。如此，便能够系统地评估不同阻碍层材料在钛火消弭效果上的差异，进而为选择最优的阻碍层材料提供科学依据。
使用胶带固定聚能切割索，并将电子雷管与超出凹槽的切割索绑紧。随后，将已经装配好切割索的待实验钛合金板放置于密闭实验室内的平台上，借助夹具将其稳稳地夹紧固定，并安装调试高速摄像，确保其能够精准捕捉实验过程中的关键细节。最后，按照按#0~#4的顺序依次实验并保存实验数据。
4　结果与讨论
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4.1　钛火测定结果
将上述5组实验中拍摄的爆炸切割钛合金过程中钛火图片进行对比，依次选取每组亮度最大的钛火图片如图7所示。
4.2　钛火亮度定量
图像的亮度值是指画面的明亮程度，单位是坎德拉每平方米(cd·m－2)或称nits。对于数字图像，亮度通常与像素的灰度值相关。在灰度图像中，亮度即灰度值，范围通常是0到255，其中0表示黑色，255表示白色。计算亮度时，可以直接读取或修改这些灰度值[14]。
为对聚能切割钛合金中产生的钛火亮度进行定量化分析，采用高速摄像拍摄此过程中钛火图片。然后再对所得图像进行处理，得到不同图片亮度平均值。一般应用于图像亮度处理方法有使用专业图像处理软件、编程软件MATLAB，python等。如在MATLAB中先用imread函数读取图片文件，将彩色图片转换为灰度图片，再使用mean函数计算矩阵计算图片的像素亮度值的平均值，从而得到图片的平均亮度值[14]。
本次钛火消弭实验中，高速摄影的条件(位置、设置等)及钛合金板固定位置均一致，图片尺寸大小和背景也相同。因此，5张图片中钛火的平均亮度可反映不同防护材料的消弭效果。经MATLAB处理得到的各图像亮度平均值见表6，并绘制了钛火消弭结果灰度值三维图(图8)。
从表6和图8分析结果来看，所选用的4种实验材料均展现出了不同程度的钛火消弭效果。其中，0.1 mm厚铝硅酸盐涂层的钛火消弭效果最佳，其钛火消弭率高达70.9%，这说明了铝硅酸盐在钛火消弭过程中具有良好的阻燃性能。然后是0.1 mm厚铝箔和锡箔纸，其钛火消弭率分别为29.5%和24%，这表明铝箔和锡箔在钛火消弭过程中也具有一定的阻燃特性，能够在一定程度上有效抑制钛火的产生。然而，0.1 mm厚的紫铜片在钛火消弭效果上相对较弱，其钛火消弭率仅为4.3%，这反映出紫铜在钛火消弭过程中阻燃性能相对较差。综上所述，不同材料在钛火消弭效果上的差异明显，这些实验结果为后续选择更适合的阻碍层材料提供了重要的参考依据。
通过数值模拟分析，并结合钛火消弭实验所获得的结果，分析得出阻碍层消弭钛火的机理为：阻碍层能够有效阻挡并延缓爆轰产物、空气与钛合金的直接接触，从而显著降低爆轰产物导致的钛合金的剧烈升温效应和氧化反应。这一过程中阻碍层可以在短时间内隔绝爆轰产物和空气的接触，使钛合金不能立即与高温爆轰产物发生反应，且阻碍层的阻挡作用使得与爆轰产物接触之后的部分钛合金的温度未能达到燃点，两者综合作用有效降低了钛火的产生几率。此外，这一结果也证实了在聚能切割钛合金板材的过程中，采用阻碍层方法来消弭钛火的可行性。实验与模拟结果的相互印证，提供了一种切实有效的技术手段，可以用来解决航空发动机叶片聚能切割爆炸分离过程中钛火遮蔽视场的问题。
5　结论
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在分析聚能切割钛合金中钛火产生机理的基础上，通过数值计算并实验测试了4种材料的钛火消弭效果，开展了聚能切割钛合金中钛火消弭技术研究，结论如下：
(1)钛火消弭机理为：阻碍层阻挡爆轰产物、空气与钛合金的接触，延迟和减少爆轰产物对钛合金的剧烈升温作用及氧化反应的发生。
(2)采用轻薄阻碍层方法能有效消弭聚能切割TC4钛合金时产生的钛火。结果表明，0.1 mm厚铝箔、紫铜片、锡箔纸、铝硅酸盐涂层的钛火消弭率分别为29.5%、4.3%、24%、70.9%。其中，铝硅酸盐涂层的钛火消弭效果最佳。
(3)本研究为聚能切割钛合金叶片消弭钛火提供了有效方法，为航空发动机机匣包容试验中解决聚能切割分离叶片时钛火干扰观测问题提供了技术途径。
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2025年第42卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.007
  • 接收时间：2025-01-16
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-16
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    1.安徽理工大学　化工与爆破学院，淮南　232001
    2.浙江大学　高速旋转机械实验室，杭州　310027

通讯作者:

王猛（1974-），男，安徽淮南，博士、教授，主要从事爆炸力学、计算力学研究，（E-mail）。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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