Article(id=1241421931224822137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1679241600000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773907652908, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773907652908, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773907652908, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773907652908, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241421928813089644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='210', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773907652332, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773908080242, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241423723643859829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241423723643859830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=73, endPage=80, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241421931770081659, articleId=1241421931224822137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Internal Rock Mass Movement Trajectory and Muckpile Distribution during Bench Blasting, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a main mean of open-pit mining, bench blasting is still an irreplaceable production method at present and even in the future. By deeply analyzing the measured data of bench blasting and using 3DEC software to simulate the bench blasting process, the internal rock mass movement trajectory and muckpile distribution during the bench blasting process were revealed. The research results show that the monitoring points generally rose along the vertical direction first and then fell during the blasting process. Among them, the movement of the monitoring points on the upper part of the monitoring hole were more obvious in the vertical direction, rising to a certain height and then quickly moving vertically downward. While the monitoring points on the lower part of the monitoring hole mainly moved forward in the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction movement is relatively weak. At the same time, in order to study the spatial distribution of the muckpile, the bench in the research area were divided into six parts, as Ⅰ~Ⅵ. Besides, the main part (0~40 m) of the muckpile was divided into four regions, as A, B, C and D. According to the simulation results, it can be found that the Ⅴ rock mass accounts for the most in region A (muckpile 0~10 m), which is as high as 41.7%. The Ⅰ~Ⅴ rock mass distribution is relatively even in region B (muckpile 11 m~20 m). The Ⅰ~Ⅲ rock mass accounts for 43.1%, 37.5% and 19.3%, respectively, and the Ⅳ rock mass accounts for a very small part in region C (muckpile 21~30 m). It is basically composed of the Ⅰ rock mass in region D (muckpile 31~40 m) at the forefront of the blast muckpile, which accounts for 95%.

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作为露天矿开采的主要手段,台阶爆破在目前乃至未来一段时间内仍然是其他技术不可代替的生产方式。通过深入分析台阶爆破实测数据,并采用3DEC软件模拟台阶爆破过程,揭示了台阶爆破过程中内部岩体运移轨迹及爆堆分布规律。研究结果表明:在爆破过程中,监测点整体呈现出先沿垂直方向上隆起后下落的运动规律。其中,监测孔上部监测点在垂直方向运动较为明显,隆起到一定高度后迅速垂直向下进行运动,而监测孔下部监测点主要以水平方向运动向前推进,垂直方向运动相对平缓。同时为了研究台阶岩体在爆破作用下破碎后在爆堆之中空间分布情况,本文将研究区域的台阶在爆破之前划分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ共6个部分,以及将台阶爆破之后爆堆主体0~40 m部分均匀划分为ABCD4个区域。根据模拟结果可以发现,在区域A(爆堆0 m~10 m)中Ⅴ岩体占比最多达到41.7%,在区域B(爆堆11~20 m)中存在Ⅰ~Ⅴ岩体且分布较为平均,而在区域C(爆堆21~30 m)中主要包含台阶Ⅰ~Ⅲ岩体,占比分别达到了43.1%、37.5%、19.3%,Ⅳ占极少部分可忽略不计;在爆堆最前沿区域D(爆堆31 m~40 m)中基本由Ⅰ岩体组成,占比高达95%。研究成果能够为矿山的高效开采和精准配矿提供理论支撑与基础性数据。

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李志恒(1997-),男,硕士,主要从事采矿工程方向研究,(E-mail).

LI Zhi-heng (1997-), male, master degree, mainly engaged in mining engineering research, (E-mail).

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李志恒(1997-),男,硕士,主要从事采矿工程方向研究,(E-mail).

LI Zhi-heng (1997-), male, master degree, mainly engaged in mining engineering research, (E-mail).

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李志恒(1997-),男,硕士,主要从事采矿工程方向研究,(E-mail).

LI Zhi-heng (1997-), male, master degree, mainly engaged in mining engineering research, (E-mail).

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caption=台阶岩体在爆堆中的占比, figureFileSmall=UUfI6S8RXTdirN5jjFTANg==, figureFileBig=5onbbeYdGVFLUu+UNgEerw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439658526175727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421931224822137, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Percentage of Ⅰ~Ⅵ rock mass in region A B C and D, figureFileSmall=7I0u+lAkcbX6yBSkXlGETg==, figureFileBig=PCvK3v/uiUTztEudLdVMqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439658668782062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421931224822137, language=CN, label=图10, caption=Ⅰ~Ⅵ岩体在区域ABCD中的百分比, figureFileSmall=7I0u+lAkcbX6yBSkXlGETg==, figureFileBig=PCvK3v/uiUTztEudLdVMqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241439658777833970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421931224822137, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Signal marker movement data statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平位移/m垂直位移/m运动时间/s平均速度/ (m·s-1)
监测点127.55.43.48.0
监测点224.95.53.47.3
监测点318.01.53.25.6
监测点423.85.53.27.4
监测点519.12.83.25.9
监测点613.80.63.14.5
监测点715.93.53.15.1
监测点818.21.82.86.5
监测点911.52.32.94.0
监测点1013.81.52.65.3
监测点1111.52.62.84.1
监测点1213.11.02.65.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241439659050463735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421931224822137, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

信标运动数据统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平位移/m垂直位移/m运动时间/s平均速度/ (m·s-1)
监测点127.55.43.48.0
监测点224.95.53.47.3
监测点318.01.53.25.6
监测点423.85.53.27.4
监测点519.12.83.25.9
监测点613.80.63.14.5
监测点715.93.53.15.1
监测点818.21.82.86.5
监测点911.52.32.94.0
监测点1013.81.52.65.3
监测点1111.52.62.84.1
监测点1213.11.02.65.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241439659172098557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421931224822137, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical parameters of bench rock mass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/ (kg·m-3)泊松比体积模/ GPa剪切模/ GPa内摩擦角/(°)粘聚力/ MPa抗拉强/ MPa
25000.2512.575420.055
), ArticleFig(id=1241439659369230852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421931224822137, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

台阶岩体力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/ (kg·m-3)泊松比体积模/ GPa剪切模/ GPa内摩擦角/(°)粘聚力/ MPa抗拉强/ MPa
25000.2512.575420.055
), ArticleFig(id=1241439659599917572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421931224822137, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Proportion of rock mass volume in different areas in muckpile

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Total
A17282624111818144944349
B9298541155127758604801
C139112086215003225
D10745600001130
), ArticleFig(id=1241439659838992905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421931224822137, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同区域岩体体积在爆堆中占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Total
A17282624111818144944349
B9298541155127758604801
C139112086215003225
D10745600001130
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台阶爆破过程中内部岩体运移轨迹及爆堆分布规律研究
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李志恒 1 , 白俊 2 , 金长宇 1 , 陈立军 3
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025,42(2): 73-80
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025, 42(2): 73-80
台阶爆破过程中内部岩体运移轨迹及爆堆分布规律研究
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李志恒1 , 白俊2, 金长宇1, 陈立军3
作者信息
  • 1.东北大学 深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室,沈阳 110819
  • 2.太钢集团岚县矿业公司,吕梁 033504
  • 3.中铁十九局集团 矿业投资有限公司 新巴尔虎右旗分公司,满洲里 021400
  • 李志恒(1997-),男,硕士,主要从事采矿工程方向研究,(E-mail).

    LI Zhi-heng (1997-), male, master degree, mainly engaged in mining engineering research, (E-mail).

Study on Internal Rock Mass Movement Trajectory and Muckpile Distribution during Bench Blasting
Zhi-heng LI1 , Jun BAI2, Chang-yu JIN1, Li-jun CHEN3
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
  • 2.Lanxian Mining Co., Ltd., TIsco Group, Lvliang 033504, China
  • 3.China Railway 19 Bureau Group Mining Investment Co., Ltd., Manzhouli 021400, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.009
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作为露天矿开采的主要手段,台阶爆破在目前乃至未来一段时间内仍然是其他技术不可代替的生产方式。通过深入分析台阶爆破实测数据,并采用3DEC软件模拟台阶爆破过程,揭示了台阶爆破过程中内部岩体运移轨迹及爆堆分布规律。研究结果表明:在爆破过程中,监测点整体呈现出先沿垂直方向上隆起后下落的运动规律。其中,监测孔上部监测点在垂直方向运动较为明显,隆起到一定高度后迅速垂直向下进行运动,而监测孔下部监测点主要以水平方向运动向前推进,垂直方向运动相对平缓。同时为了研究台阶岩体在爆破作用下破碎后在爆堆之中空间分布情况,本文将研究区域的台阶在爆破之前划分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ共6个部分,以及将台阶爆破之后爆堆主体0~40 m部分均匀划分为ABCD4个区域。根据模拟结果可以发现,在区域A(爆堆0 m~10 m)中Ⅴ岩体占比最多达到41.7%,在区域B(爆堆11~20 m)中存在Ⅰ~Ⅴ岩体且分布较为平均,而在区域C(爆堆21~30 m)中主要包含台阶Ⅰ~Ⅲ岩体,占比分别达到了43.1%、37.5%、19.3%,Ⅳ占极少部分可忽略不计;在爆堆最前沿区域D(爆堆31 m~40 m)中基本由Ⅰ岩体组成,占比高达95%。研究成果能够为矿山的高效开采和精准配矿提供理论支撑与基础性数据。

台阶爆破  /  现场监测  /  数值模拟  /  岩体运移规律  /  爆堆分布规律

As a main mean of open-pit mining, bench blasting is still an irreplaceable production method at present and even in the future. By deeply analyzing the measured data of bench blasting and using 3DEC software to simulate the bench blasting process, the internal rock mass movement trajectory and muckpile distribution during the bench blasting process were revealed. The research results show that the monitoring points generally rose along the vertical direction first and then fell during the blasting process. Among them, the movement of the monitoring points on the upper part of the monitoring hole were more obvious in the vertical direction, rising to a certain height and then quickly moving vertically downward. While the monitoring points on the lower part of the monitoring hole mainly moved forward in the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction movement is relatively weak. At the same time, in order to study the spatial distribution of the muckpile, the bench in the research area were divided into six parts, as Ⅰ~Ⅵ. Besides, the main part (0~40 m) of the muckpile was divided into four regions, as A, B, C and D. According to the simulation results, it can be found that the Ⅴ rock mass accounts for the most in region A (muckpile 0~10 m), which is as high as 41.7%. The Ⅰ~Ⅴ rock mass distribution is relatively even in region B (muckpile 11 m~20 m). The Ⅰ~Ⅲ rock mass accounts for 43.1%, 37.5% and 19.3%, respectively, and the Ⅳ rock mass accounts for a very small part in region C (muckpile 21~30 m). It is basically composed of the Ⅰ rock mass in region D (muckpile 31~40 m) at the forefront of the blast muckpile, which accounts for 95%.

bench blasting  /  field monitoring  /  numerical simulation  /  rock mass movement trajectory  /  muckpile distribution
李志恒, 白俊, 金长宇, 陈立军. 台阶爆破过程中内部岩体运移轨迹及爆堆分布规律研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (2) : 73 -80 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.009
Zhi-heng LI, Jun BAI, Chang-yu JIN, Li-jun CHEN. Study on Internal Rock Mass Movement Trajectory and Muckpile Distribution during Bench Blasting[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (2) : 73 -80 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.009
钻孔爆破是一种利用炸药能量来破碎岩体的方法,无论在过去还是未来一直都是岩土工程最为基础的破岩方式,如露天采矿、地下采矿、隧道开挖等[14],其中在露天矿台阶爆破的应用最为广泛。由于台阶爆破过程中矿岩的移动轨迹以及矿岩最终位置无法准确测试,因此如何描述开采爆破过程中台阶内部位移场的空间演化规律一直是采矿工程中的难题,也是实现精准采矿的瓶颈。
为了评价爆破效果,确定岩体爆破移动距离,诸多学者采用现场试验、理论分析与数值计算等方法开展了系统研究。有学者利用现场测试来测量爆破所引起的矿岩移动,如Taylor利用沙袋在爆破前后产生的位移可以等效测得矿岩在爆破作用下产生的位移[5]。Harris等在爆破区域的监测炮孔中放入磁铁块[6],并根据磁场的变化来确定磁铁块爆破后的位置。Engmann等[7]、Eshun等使用爆破监测系统BMM[8],实现了对岩石在爆破作用下运动过程的监测,吴豪等利用高精度MEMS惯性导航传感器获取了露天矿爆破过程中矿岩运动轨迹[9]。Yu等将神经网络和爆破监测系统数据相结合应用于爆破作用下矿岩移动的预测[1012]。除了现场试验方法之外,在20世纪70年代以来,数值计算快速发展,朱传云等采用非连续变形分析(DDA)方法对台阶爆破的全过程进行模拟分析[13],较好地反映了节理岩体在爆生气体作用下破坏、移动的力学过程及爆堆最后形成情况。Ning等在DDA中采用改进的离散元方法[14,15],分别模拟了台阶爆破和爆破漏斗模型在爆破冲击压力和爆生气体作用下破坏、运动及堆积的过程。周旺潇等将爆破块度与岩体离散化结合[16],提出了考虑爆破块度的3DEC人工离散方法,提高了模拟爆破结果的精度。Yan等采用三维离散元程序3DEC[17],利用预设的节理将台阶数值模型离散化,在炮孔的破碎区外边界引入了等效三角荷载,并考虑了爆破块度大小,模拟了整个台阶的爆破过程及最终的爆堆分布。冷振东等利用3DEC离散元软件[18],研究起爆位置对台阶爆破爆堆形态影响,可以很好地得到爆破后爆堆形态的分布。
综上所述,研究爆破作用下岩体移动的方法有多种,并且相关研究也得出了有价值的结论。然而,受到台阶内部地质构造模糊、岩体参数不确定以及爆破气体破岩机制复杂等因素的影响,台阶内部位移场的空间演化规律研究一直是工程难题,需要不断通过实验与理论分析进行完善。本文在太钢袁家村铁矿尝试采用具有惯性导航技术的智能信标跟踪系统及利用3DEC离散元数值分析软件,对台阶内部岩体移动轨迹及最终爆堆分布情况进行综合分析。
太钢袁家村铁矿位于山西省吕梁市岚县梁家庄乡袁家村,矿山南北长2640 m,东西宽1610 m矿山的最终边坡角为42°~46°,最终阶段高度和阶段坡面角分别为30 m和75°,露天开采境界最大和最小标高分别为1725 m和1110 m。矿区内5个地质分区的最大边坡高度分别为285 m、420 m、570 m、500 m和410 m。矿山采用自上而下的逐水平缓帮分层开采方法,日开采量大、爆破作业量多,矿山每年采剥总量为8580万t,其中矿石量2200万t/年,岩石量6380万t。
本文中现场台阶爆破测试采用的设备是由东北大学自主研发的具有惯性导航技术的智能信标跟踪系统[9],该系统由信号标记物、信号标记物激活器、信号标记物探测器、处理数据的电脑软件组成。
台阶爆破研究区域位于袁家村铁矿某开采台阶,其中台阶主体部分主要为中风化磁铁石英岩。为了达到形成小抵抗线宽孔距爆破,使中深孔实际的密集系数增大,保证岩石的破碎质量,采用三角布孔V型起爆。炮孔内采用连续装药结构,炮孔孔径为140 mm,炮孔堵塞长度4 m,孔深18 m,超深3 m,孔间距、排间距为2 m。结合台阶爆破设计及布孔形式,本文设计了如下的监测方式,即在台阶自由面处第一排炮孔至第五排炮孔呈45°走向依次设置了5个监测孔,监测孔位置布置在每排两个炮孔中间位置处,如图1所示。
在台阶爆破研究区域内钻取的5个监测孔中,1#、2#监测孔的深度为11 m;3#、4#、5#监测孔的深度为7 m,其中1#、2#监测孔内各布置3个信标,3#、4#、5#监测孔内各布置2个信标,共在监测孔内布置12个信标,且每个信标的间距为4 m,具体分布如图2。安装过程中记录编号,以了解信标在爆破过程中不同位置和不同深度的运动状态。
对安装在监测孔中的12个信标进行数据处理,获得信标完整的运动轨迹,具体如图3所示。
对信标水平位移、垂直位移、运动时间、平均速度求解,如表1所示。根据监测结果可以发现:
(1)从水平方向运动上看,1#~5#监测孔中的信标在水平方向上位移呈现出依次递减的规律。其中由于1#、2#监测孔距离台阶自由面近,3#、4#、5#监测孔位于爆区中后段部位,这使得1~6号信标有足够的空间且受到阻碍较小,导致其运动时间长且运动速度快,能够向水平方向进行抛掷运动,7~12号信标在爆破运动过程中受到前方岩体的阻碍较大,从而1~6号信标水平位移明显大于7~12号信标水平位移。而在3#、4#、5#监测孔中,由于炮孔堵塞长度的原因7、9、11号信标受到炸药能量作用影响要小于8、10、12号信标受到炸药能量作用影响,故8、10、12号信标的水平位移要大于7、9、11号信标水平位移。
(2)从垂直方向运动上看,由于在炮孔中炸药能量更多地作用于水平方向上,因此在浅部布置的信标在水平方向运动的同时都有向上移动趋势,其中以1#、2#监测孔中信标在垂直方向运动轨迹较为明显,而在深部布置信标在垂直方向运动起伏不大。
(3)从整体运移轨迹上看,信标整体位移运动规律呈现出先向垂直方向上隆起后下落的过程,其中监测孔中上部信标在垂直方向运动较为明显,隆起到一定高度后迅速垂直向下进行运动,而监测孔中下部信标主要是以水平方向运动向前推进,垂直方向运动相对平缓。
本文采用离散元计算程序3DEC进行数值模拟,该程序是以描述离散介质力学性的计算分析程序。离散单元法通过不连续面切割实体,实现连续介质的离散化进而开展数值计算,该方法在模拟节理岩体的变形破坏方面具有很强的优势。
考虑到本文所研究的重点区域为现场布置信标监测区域以及模拟软件计算能力和计算时间等因素,现将台阶的数值模型进行简化,简化后模型的顶部长度16 m,底部长度为17.4 m,宽度为10 m,高度为15 m,且模型研究区域采用两组正交预设节理对台阶进行离散化。爆破自由面方向为水平方向,台阶竖直方向为垂直方向,建立了袁家村铁矿台阶爆破研究区域的台阶模型如图4所示。
根据袁家村铁矿地质资料和岩石物理力学实验结果,得到研究区域台阶岩体力学参数,如表2所示。
利用离散元程序对台阶爆破进行计算分析时,如何确定合理的爆破荷载及施加方式是十分重要的,因此本文在模拟台阶爆破时,考虑了爆轰传播方向以及荷载施加[15],此外在模拟中计算爆破荷载峰值时采用密度为1100 kg/m3,爆轰速度D为4000 m/s的乳化炸药。模型除顶部边界以及爆破自由面外均设置无反射边界,计算时考虑岩体重力。
图5给出了台阶岩体在爆破作用下不同时刻变化过程及爆堆最终形态。爆破前后台阶内部不同监测点位置分布如图6所示,其中模拟监测点的点位分布与现场监测孔中监测点布置一致。爆破模拟过程中记录下监测点移动轨迹及位移数据。
为了对台阶爆破过程中其内部监测点运动过程进行分析,将与现场布置相同的12个模拟监测点起止位置、隆起最大高度位置及下移运动位置四个点位,利用曲线对其连接绘制台阶在爆破作用内部监测点移动分布情况,如图7所示。其中,上部的1、4、7、9、11号监测点在爆破作用下首先向垂直方向移动,达到最高隆起位置然后下落前移直到最终位置;台阶下部的其余监测点在爆破起初作用下运动情况与上部监测点相似,但在爆破过程后期到达最低点后垂直方向不再运动,而是向水平方向继续前移直至最终位置。通过图7可以看出台阶内部监测点运移轨迹整体上与图3现场测试结果较及信标的运动位移数据较为吻合,根据计算值与实测值的一致性,证明了本文研究方法的合理性与准确性。
此外,台阶岩体爆破后在爆堆中分布占比同样能够有效地描述台阶内部岩体的空间演化规律。本文在模拟台阶爆破之前将台阶岩体划分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ共6个区域,且每个区域的内岩体位于监测点中间及两侧,将爆堆平均划分为A、B、C、D 4个爆堆区域,按照爆堆中Ⅰ-Ⅵ被预设节理切割的岩块体积所占区域A~D各部分百分比进行统计,划分的区域及爆破后岩体在爆堆中分布情况如图8图9所示。
结合图9岩体各区域在爆堆中分布情况以及图10岩体体积所占百分比可以看出在区域A和区域B中岩体分布较为均匀,尤其突出在区域B中,这与图7中监测点5~12最终所在位置区域相吻合;而区域C内部中包含了Ⅰ~Ⅲ岩体,Ⅳ占极少部分可忽略不计;在爆堆最前沿区域D中Ⅰ岩体占比高达95%,与图7中监测点1~4的最终位置情况一致。综上,通过上述分析可以准确得知岩体在爆堆中分布情况。见表3
矿山在生产过程中必不可少的一个环节就是配矿,配矿可以将不同品位的矿石按照一定比例进行搭配,混合之后达到矿山生产的指标要求,精准的配矿不仅可以提高矿产资源的有效利用率、提高矿山经济效益以及降低现场工作人员工作强度等。因此本文基于上述的信标跟踪系统与数值模拟相结合的研究方法对台阶内部岩体在爆破过程中的运移轨迹进行了分析,并且准确地获取到信标在爆破后向水平方向(自由面方向)产生的位移,同时还对台阶岩体在爆堆中不同区域间的分布进行了数据统计。通过对岩体运移距离及其最终在爆堆中所处位置进行分析,能够为矿山的配矿系统提供理论支撑与基础性数据。
在现场测试的基础上,利用3DEC离散元数值分析软件对台阶爆破进行了数值模拟,得到监测点运动轨迹及台阶岩体在爆堆中的分布情况,主要得出以下结论:
(1)采用东北大学研发的具有惯性导航技术的智能信标跟踪系统对台阶爆破这一过程中内部岩体移动轨迹进行了监测。
(2)获取了开采爆破过程中爆堆内部各质点的运行轨迹与不同区域岩体在爆堆中的分布规律。首先,从爆破过程上看,台阶内部岩体在炸药能量作用下产生的位移向水平方向和垂直方向进行运动,上部1、4、7、9、11号监测点与下部其余监测点呈现出不同运动规律。其次,从爆破结果上看,爆破研究区域岩体向水平方向抛掷之后进行堆积形成爆堆主体部分,研究区域后部岩体只受到炸药能量作用进行破碎,并没有进行水平方向移动,而是类似自由落体垂直向下堆积,这两部分岩体堆积形成一个完整爆堆。
(3)用过利用3DEC对台阶爆破进行数值模拟从而得到台阶内部监测点运动过程,其模拟结果与现场测试结果相基本吻合,证明了离散元分析方法能够有效地对台阶爆破进行分析。获得了开采爆破过程中爆堆内部各质点的运行轨迹与不同区域岩体在爆堆中的分布规律,为矿山生产精准配矿提供理论支撑与基础性数据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41972284; 41974028)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(N2101041)
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2025年第42卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.009
  • 接收时间:2023-03-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-20
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41972284; 41974028)
国家自然科学基金(41972284; 41974028)
Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research for Central Universities(N2101041)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(N2101041)
作者信息
    1.东北大学 深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室,沈阳 110819
    2.太钢集团岚县矿业公司,吕梁 033504
    3.中铁十九局集团 矿业投资有限公司 新巴尔虎右旗分公司,满洲里 021400
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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