Article(id=1241421930797003128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740672000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773907652806, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773907652806, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773907652806, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773907652806, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241421928813089644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='210', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773907652332, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773908080242, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241423723643859829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241423723643859830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241421928813089644, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241421931329679738, articleId=1241421930797003128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Crack Propagation Characteristics of Blasting-Induced Fracturing in Low-permeability Coal Samples, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Pre-split blasting has emerged as a crucial technique for enhancing the permeability of low-permeability coal seams and improving gas drainage efficiency. While extensive research has focused on the effects of factors such as blast hole configuration, charge structure, charge coefficient, explosive quantity, and the propagation dynamics of blasting stress waves, limited attention has been given to fracture expansion characteristics through numerical simulations. Furthermore, experimental investigations into crack propagation remain scarce. This study addresses these gaps by examining low-permeability coal samples from a specific mine, employing small-dose coupled charge blasting technology combined with computerized tomography scanning technology. The experimental approach enabled the acquisition of macroscopic damage characteristics and three-dimensional crack distribution patterns post-blasting, facilitating an in-depth analysis of internal crack expansion under blasting stress. Key findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing detonating explosives instead of conventional explosives for small-scale coal sample blasting experiments with low-dose coupled charges. The results reveal that: (1) a larger blast hole diameter correlates with diminished crack propagation and permeability enhancement under constant charge quantity and tamping pressure; (2) tamped charges outperform loose charges when blast hole diameter and charge quantity are held constant; (3) an optimal charge quantity exists for fracture propagation, with excessive amounts proving counterproductive. Specifically, for the standard-sized low-permeability coal samples examined, a charge quantity of 25 mg yielded optimal results, producing a crack volume ratio of 12.79% and a single crack volume of 20 135.03 mm, followed closely by a 20 mg charge.

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HAN Ying (1980-), male, born in Jinan city, Shandong Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of mine safety engineering, (E-mail) .
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预裂爆破是改善低透气性煤层渗透率、提高瓦斯抽采率的有效措施之一,众多学者研究视角多聚焦于爆破孔布置方式、装药结构、装药系数、装药量和爆破应力波传播过程等因素对预裂爆破效果的影响,少数学者采用数值模拟方法对爆破裂纹的扩展特征进行了探讨,目前针对裂纹扩展的相关试验研究少见报道。为有效考察爆破致裂效果,以某矿低透气性煤样为研究对象,采用小药量耦合装药爆破技术和计算机断层扫描技术,试验获取了煤样爆破后的宏观破坏特征及内部裂纹的三维分布效果,进而对爆破应力作用下煤样内部裂纹的扩展特征进行了深入探讨。研究表明:以起爆药代替常用炸药,采用小药量耦合装药爆破技术进行小尺寸煤样爆破致裂试验,是切实可行的。当装药量和压药压力相同时,炮孔直径越大,裂纹扩展和增透效果越差;当炮孔直径和装药量相同时,冲压装药效果优于松散装药。当炮孔直径和压药压力相同时,并非装药量越大裂纹扩展效果越好,存在一个合理的装药量区间;对于本文采用的低透气性标准尺寸煤样而言,当装药量为25 mg时,裂纹体积占比为12.79%,单个裂纹体积为20 135.03 mm3,裂纹扩展效果最佳,装药量为20 mg时效果次之。

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韩颖(1980-),男,山东济南人,博士、教授,主要从事矿山安全工程领域的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)
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张飞燕(1978-),女,山西运城人,博士、教授,主要从事安全技术及工程领域的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)

ZHANG Fei-yan (1978-), female, born in Yuncheng city, Shanxi Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of safety technology and engineering, (E-mail) .

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张飞燕(1978-),女,山西运城人,博士、教授,主要从事安全技术及工程领域的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)

ZHANG Fei-yan (1978-), female, born in Yuncheng city, Shanxi Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of safety technology and engineering, (E-mail) .

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张飞燕(1978-),女,山西运城人,博士、教授,主要从事安全技术及工程领域的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)

ZHANG Fei-yan (1978-), female, born in Yuncheng city, Shanxi Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of safety technology and engineering, (E-mail) .

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Test results of coalbed gas content

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采样地点Sampling position上覆有效地层厚度Effective thickness of overlying layer/m采样深度Sampling depth/m煤层厚度Thickness of coal seam/m瓦斯组分Gas component/%煤层瓦斯含量Gas content/ m3·(t.daf)-1
CO2CH4N2CO2CH4N2
7305253.80917.416.35   0.3115.361.40
8006121.81652.285.419.247.8382.930.500.520.23
12201170.26809.205.5928.50071.500.370.000.93
12603163.83848.836.633.5381.2515.230.6615.112.83
1260595.141047.526.0110.5242.5746.911.014.094.51
12800112.15699.485.7311.6853.6134.710.964.402.85
1280174.47777.956.952.5764.1333.300.623.220.47
13801230.961035.836.475.4086.627.980.6911.001.01
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煤层瓦斯含量测试结果表

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采样地点Sampling position上覆有效地层厚度Effective thickness of overlying layer/m采样深度Sampling depth/m煤层厚度Thickness of coal seam/m瓦斯组分Gas component/%煤层瓦斯含量Gas content/ m3·(t.daf)-1
CO2CH4N2CO2CH4N2
7305253.80917.416.35   0.3115.361.40
8006121.81652.285.419.247.8382.930.500.520.23
12201170.26809.205.5928.50071.500.370.000.93
12603163.83848.836.633.5381.2515.230.6615.112.83
1260595.141047.526.0110.5242.5746.911.014.094.51
12800112.15699.485.7311.6853.6134.710.964.402.85
1280174.47777.956.952.5764.1333.300.623.220.47
13801230.961035.836.475.4086.627.980.6911.001.01
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Blasting charge parameters

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样品编号Sample number1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9#
孔径Pore size ϕ/mm444644446
起爆药质量Quality of primary explosive/mg1003020201525353025
压药压力Loading pressure/MPa303030松散303030松散30
药柱高度Height of explosive column/mm5.701.701.260.911.522.090.77
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压药参数表

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样品编号Sample number1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9#
孔径Pore size ϕ/mm444644446
起爆药质量Quality of primary explosive/mg1003020201525353025
压药压力Loading pressure/MPa303030松散303030松散30
药柱高度Height of explosive column/mm5.701.701.260.911.522.090.77
), ArticleFig(id=1241439659029492215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241421930797003128, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Internal crack parameters of coal samples after blasting

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样品编号Sample number炮孔直径Blasthole diameter/ mm起爆药质量Quality of primary explosive/ mg压药压力Loading pressure/ MPa裂纹体积占比Volume ratio of crack/ %独立裂纹个数Number of independent cracks/个最大裂纹体积Maximum crack volume/ mm3
14100309.33381210 266.58
2430307.4531 83010 944.85
34203012.05818319 932.88
4620松散2.9350 4602503.76
5415309.0212 89213 399.06
64253012.79621220 135.03
7435309.79584315 890.50
8430松散5.6583119285.81
9625303.2154854659.82
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爆破后煤样内部裂纹参数表

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样品编号Sample number炮孔直径Blasthole diameter/ mm起爆药质量Quality of primary explosive/ mg压药压力Loading pressure/ MPa裂纹体积占比Volume ratio of crack/ %独立裂纹个数Number of independent cracks/个最大裂纹体积Maximum crack volume/ mm3
14100309.33381210 266.58
2430307.4531 83010 944.85
34203012.05818319 932.88
4620松散2.9350 4602503.76
5415309.0212 89213 399.06
64253012.79621220 135.03
7435309.79584315 890.50
8430松散5.6583119285.81
9625303.2154854659.82
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低透气性煤样爆破致裂裂纹扩展特征试验研究
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张飞燕 1a, 2 , 段笑颜 1a , 韩颖 1b, 3, 4
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2025,42(2): 44-51
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2025, 42(2): 44-51
低透气性煤样爆破致裂裂纹扩展特征试验研究
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张飞燕1a, 2 , 段笑颜1a, 韩颖1b, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.a.河南理工大学 安全科学与工程学院,焦作 454003
  • 1.b.河南理工大学 能源科学与工程学院,焦作 454003
  • 2.煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,焦作 454003
  • 3.中原经济区煤层(页岩)气河南省协同创新中心,焦作 454003
  • 4.深井岩层控制与瓦斯抽采技术应急管理部科技研发平台,焦作 454003
  • 张飞燕(1978-),女,山西运城人,博士、教授,主要从事安全技术及工程领域的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)

    ZHANG Fei-yan (1978-), female, born in Yuncheng city, Shanxi Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the field of safety technology and engineering, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

韩颖(1980-),男,山东济南人,博士、教授,主要从事矿山安全工程领域的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)
Experimental Study on Crack Propagation Characteristics of Blasting-Induced Fracturing in Low-permeability Coal Samples
Fei-yan ZHANG1a, 2 , Xiao-yan DUAN1a, Ying HAN1b, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.a.College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 1.b.School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 3.Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region (Henan Province), Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 4.Science and Technology R&D Platform of Emergency Management Ministry for Deep Well Ground Control and Gas Extraction Technology, Jiaozuo 454003, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.005
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预裂爆破是改善低透气性煤层渗透率、提高瓦斯抽采率的有效措施之一,众多学者研究视角多聚焦于爆破孔布置方式、装药结构、装药系数、装药量和爆破应力波传播过程等因素对预裂爆破效果的影响,少数学者采用数值模拟方法对爆破裂纹的扩展特征进行了探讨,目前针对裂纹扩展的相关试验研究少见报道。为有效考察爆破致裂效果,以某矿低透气性煤样为研究对象,采用小药量耦合装药爆破技术和计算机断层扫描技术,试验获取了煤样爆破后的宏观破坏特征及内部裂纹的三维分布效果,进而对爆破应力作用下煤样内部裂纹的扩展特征进行了深入探讨。研究表明:以起爆药代替常用炸药,采用小药量耦合装药爆破技术进行小尺寸煤样爆破致裂试验,是切实可行的。当装药量和压药压力相同时,炮孔直径越大,裂纹扩展和增透效果越差;当炮孔直径和装药量相同时,冲压装药效果优于松散装药。当炮孔直径和压药压力相同时,并非装药量越大裂纹扩展效果越好,存在一个合理的装药量区间;对于本文采用的低透气性标准尺寸煤样而言,当装药量为25 mg时,裂纹体积占比为12.79%,单个裂纹体积为20 135.03 mm3,裂纹扩展效果最佳,装药量为20 mg时效果次之。

低透气性煤层  /  爆破致裂  /  裂纹扩展  /  耦合装药  /  CT扫描

Pre-split blasting has emerged as a crucial technique for enhancing the permeability of low-permeability coal seams and improving gas drainage efficiency. While extensive research has focused on the effects of factors such as blast hole configuration, charge structure, charge coefficient, explosive quantity, and the propagation dynamics of blasting stress waves, limited attention has been given to fracture expansion characteristics through numerical simulations. Furthermore, experimental investigations into crack propagation remain scarce. This study addresses these gaps by examining low-permeability coal samples from a specific mine, employing small-dose coupled charge blasting technology combined with computerized tomography scanning technology. The experimental approach enabled the acquisition of macroscopic damage characteristics and three-dimensional crack distribution patterns post-blasting, facilitating an in-depth analysis of internal crack expansion under blasting stress. Key findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing detonating explosives instead of conventional explosives for small-scale coal sample blasting experiments with low-dose coupled charges. The results reveal that: (1) a larger blast hole diameter correlates with diminished crack propagation and permeability enhancement under constant charge quantity and tamping pressure; (2) tamped charges outperform loose charges when blast hole diameter and charge quantity are held constant; (3) an optimal charge quantity exists for fracture propagation, with excessive amounts proving counterproductive. Specifically, for the standard-sized low-permeability coal samples examined, a charge quantity of 25 mg yielded optimal results, producing a crack volume ratio of 12.79% and a single crack volume of 20 135.03 mm, followed closely by a 20 mg charge.

low permeability coal seam  /  blast cracking  /  crack propagation  /  coupled charge  /  CT scanning
张飞燕, 段笑颜, 韩颖. 低透气性煤样爆破致裂裂纹扩展特征试验研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (2) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.005
Fei-yan ZHANG, Xiao-yan DUAN, Ying HAN. Experimental Study on Crack Propagation Characteristics of Blasting-Induced Fracturing in Low-permeability Coal Samples[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (2) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.005
预裂爆破是改善低透气性煤层渗透率、提高瓦斯抽采率的有效措施之一。长期以来,众多研究者采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验等方法,围绕预裂爆破技术开展了大量卓有成效的研究工作。高文学探讨了爆炸应力波与岩体裂纹的交互过程及软弱结构面对应力波传播的影响机制[1],阐释了非均质含裂隙岩体预裂爆破成缝机理。王公忠等采用数值模拟方法研究了双孔连续爆破应力波的传播过程及对煤层影响的范围[2],认为不耦合装药裂隙圈半径明显大于耦合装药裂隙圈半径,能够显著提高低透气性煤层瓦斯的抽采效率。李新平等采用数值模拟方法研究了不同装药结构对预裂爆破效果的影响[3],发现偏心单药卷装药结构下的预裂缝成型效果最佳,能在降低爆破开挖对保留区岩体损伤的同时将爆炸能量更多地作用于开挖区岩体。徐向宇等利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件[4],数值模拟分析了不同装药量、孔间距等条件下的爆破煤体裂纹扩展及爆破应力的传播特征,认为预裂爆破存在一个最佳的装药量,装药量过大或过小均无法达到充分开裂煤体、增大透气性的目的。梁冰等采用数值模拟方法研究了双孔连续爆破应力波的传播过程及对煤层影响的范围[5],认为单孔爆破模型应力波的传播特性以及爆破影响范围与双孔爆破模型存在明显差异,双孔爆破应力叠加破坏煤体的范围要远大于单孔爆破对煤体的影响。孙可明等采用理论和数值模拟相结合的方法[6],对低渗透煤层进行了单孔和双孔预裂爆破数值模拟,得出了不同爆破参数下应力、压力和单位质量塑性功等物理量的动态变化规律和裂纹扩展范围。高鑫浩等对不同长度预裂缝影响深孔预裂爆破后瓦斯抽采增透效果的程度进行了数值模拟研究[7],认为深孔预裂爆破的有效影响半径随着爆破孔内预裂缝长度的增加而提高,两者呈线性关系。张飞燕等采用数值模拟方法[8],开展了低透气性煤层预裂爆破裂纹扩展特征研究,认为煤层预裂爆破的合理布孔参数需综合考虑煤层对爆破应力波的衰减作用、空孔壁面对爆破应力波的反射作用以及双孔爆破应力波的叠加作用。杨仁树等利用透射式爆炸动态焦散线光学实验系统研究了预制水平静态裂纹和切缝药包炮孔爆破产生的水平运动裂纹受正入射爆炸动载作用后动态特性的变化规律[9],认为运动裂纹尖端应力场对静止裂纹的起裂和扩展有重要影响,后爆孔爆炸应力波对先爆孔产生的水平定向运动裂纹尖端动力学特性影响显著。吴亮等通过室内爆破试验[10],研究了宽孔距爆破破岩中裂纹扩展过程和介质位移响应规律,认为后排孔爆破对前排炮孔的破碎作用随炮孔密集系数增大而降低。张鑫等开展了控制孔与定向控制爆破复合作用增透试验研究[11],认为控制孔对裂纹的导向作用随孔径增大而加强,双孔间形成平直的贯通爆生裂纹,定向作用较明显。白国基等在淮南矿区进行了现场试验[12],认为深孔预裂爆破可以有效实现煤层消突增透。蔡峰等在顾桥矿进行了爆生应力波能量受耦合装药系数变化的影响特性的现场实验[13],认为将耦合装药系数设计为1.5左右,可获得最佳的增透半径和增透效果。贾腾等研究了不同孔间距抽采孔对爆破裂隙的扩展形态的影响[14],认为孔间距虽然对裂隙整体走势产生影响,但对于煤层整体的增透效果并未产生明显差异。
综上所述,众多学者研究视角多聚焦于爆破孔布置方式、装药结构、装药系数、装药量和爆破应力波传播过程等因素对预裂爆破效果的影响,少数学者采用数值模拟方法对爆破裂纹的扩展特征进行了探讨。众所周知,爆破应力作用下煤体内部裂纹的有效扩展是决定低透气性煤层增透效果的关键因素,但由于试验设备或技术因素,目前针对裂纹扩展的相关试验研究少见报道,相关学者通过数值模拟得出的结论有待进一步试验验证。基于此,本文采用小药量耦合装药爆破技术和计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)技术,展开低透气性煤样爆破致裂裂纹扩展特征试验研究。
试验所用煤样采自河南某矿二1煤层。该矿为煤与瓦斯突出矿井,井田面积约69 km2,生产能力1.80 Mt/a;主采二1煤层平均厚度6.16 m,煤层透气性系数为0.398~0.796 m2/(MPa2·d),煤层瓦斯含量为0~15.36 m3/t.daf(表1),属于典型的低透气性高瓦斯煤层。
试验前,将煤样与适量水混合,搅拌均匀放入模具(图1)的压模缸内,施加100 MPa轴向压力并保持恒定30 min后,进行脱模处理并干燥,制备得到ϕ 50×100 mm的标准试样,放入钢制夹具(图2)中,沿试样轴向中心位置加工装药孔,钻孔直径分别为4 mm和6 mm,钻孔长度为52 mm,如图3所示。
由于试样尺寸较小,难以采用常用炸药进行做功,故采用起爆药进行爆破致裂,进而观测、分析爆破应力作用下煤样内部裂纹的扩展特征。
(1)起爆药
起爆药选用二硝酸三肼合镍,简称硝酸肼镍(NHN),化学式为[Ni(N2H4)3](NO3)2,是一种淡紫色结晶性粉末,如图4(a)所示。硝酸肼镍是一种络合物起爆药,具有制造工艺简单、产品性能好和质量稳定等特点,其密度为2.156 g/cm3,爆发点为212~215 ℃,与紫铜、铝、铁和钢片等的安定性能非常突出,并在(50±1)℃长期加热下非常安定,吸湿量很少。NHN的敏感性介于起爆药和猛炸药之间,与传统炸药(如铅铵炸药)相比,其对摩擦的敏感性降低了80倍,试验过程相对安全。
(2)电子压药机
用于向煤样钻孔内压药,如图4(b)所示。
(3)电引火头
其作用是将电能转换成热能,点燃起爆药,如图4(c)所示。
(4)发爆器
本次试验使用FD50T型煤矿用电容式发爆器,如图4(d)所示。
(1)装药:使用电子天平,称取一定质量的硝酸肼镍;药筒底端用塑料泥密封后,将称取的硝酸肼镍装入药筒。
(2)压药:分别采用4 mm和6 mm的冲子,使用电子压药机施加20~40 MPa的压力进行冲压;留取少量煤样,采用松散装药方式。压药参数见表2
(3)药筒密封:接入电引火头,使用塑料泥将药筒顶端密封。
(4)将药筒放入煤样钻孔后密封,如图5(a)所示。
(5)将煤样放入钢制夹具中,如图5(b)所示。
(6)连接引线,使用发爆器起爆,试验完成。
爆破试验结束后,将煤样从钢制夹具中取出。为便于观测,使用透明胶带包裹煤样,如图6所示。
图6可以看出,1#煤样上半部完全粉碎;2#和3#煤样上半部碎裂,靠透明胶带固定;4#煤样孔口破碎,轴向未见明显裂纹,能够倒出煤灰;5#~9#煤样孔口明显破碎,轴向明显裂纹。由此可见,低透气性煤样爆破致裂效果较为明显,煤样表面均呈现一定程度的破碎,可从图6大致看出主裂隙的扩展路径,但煤样内部的裂纹和微小裂隙无法使用肉眼直接观测,需借助CT扫描技术进行深入分析。
CT扫描是一种医学影像技术,它使用X射线束对物体进行层析扫描,并借助计算机处理产生物体内部结构的详细图像[15]。本文采用CT扫描技术对低透气性煤样爆破裂纹的扩展特征进行探讨。
每个试样扫描2000张CT图像,从中选取较为典型的扫描图像进行分析,可清晰展现爆破受损试样的每个切片的状况。爆破前后煤样CT扫描结果如图7所示。
爆破后煤样裂纹三维分布效果如图8所示。
在小药量耦合装药爆破作用下,低透气性煤样受到不同程度的破坏,呈现各种不规则的形态。为便于分析,将破坏后的煤样取最大限度的圆柱体。基于图8进行分析计算,得出爆破后煤样内部裂纹体积占比、独立裂纹个数和最大裂纹体积,见表3
结合表2表3图6图7图8进行综合分析如下:
图7(f)图8(f)可以看出,6#煤样爆破后具有较为清晰的贯穿主裂纹和环向裂纹,25 mg的装药量造成的破碎区范围不大,水平长度为10 mm,垂直长度为19.10 mm,且煤块无大规模垮落。其裂纹体积占比和单个裂纹体积最大,分别为12.79%和20 135.03 mm3,爆破增透效果最佳。
1#煤样装药量过多,爆破后其上半部完全破碎,炮孔及较大裂纹被破碎煤粒堵塞,如图7(a)图8(a)所示;其裂纹体积占比仅为9.33%,独立裂纹3812个,最大裂纹体积为10 266.58 mm3。2#煤样虽装药量少于1#煤样,但爆破效果与之类似,裂纹体积占比仅为7.45%,独立裂纹31 830个,最大裂纹体积为10 944.85 mm3
3#煤样和7#煤样的炮孔直径、压药压力与6#煤样相同,但装药量不同,分别为20 mg和35 mg。由图7(c)图8(c)可知,3#煤样爆破后具有清晰的四条主裂纹,破碎区水平长度约为7.50 mm,垂直长度约为20.90 mm。由图7(g)图7(g)可知,装药量35 mg的7#煤样爆破后主裂纹清晰,破碎区范围不明显,裂纹体积占比为9.79%,独立裂纹5843个,最大裂纹体积为15 890.50 mm3。由图7(e)图8(e)可知,5#煤样与7#煤样裂纹扩展效果较为相似,但因其装药量最少,裂纹体积占比为9.02%,略低于7#煤样。由上述分析可知,3#、5#和7#煤样爆破增透效果较为理想。
4#和8#煤样均采用松散装药方式,爆破后冲击波在炮孔壁上产生的初始压力相对较小,致裂效果较差,裂纹体积占比仅为2.93%和5.65%。9#煤样炮孔直径与4#煤样相同,但压药压力为30 MPa,装药量为25 mg,爆破后其水平方向有一条清晰的主裂纹,裂纹体积占比为3.21%,致裂效果比4#煤样略高。
综上所述,6#煤样的裂纹扩展程度和增透效果最佳,3#煤样次之,4#煤样和9#煤样最差。当装药量和压药压力相同时,炮孔直径越大,裂纹扩展和增透效果越差,如6#和9#煤样,裂纹体积占比分别为12.79%和3.21%;当炮孔直径和装药量相同时,冲压装药效果优于松散装药,如2#和8#煤样,裂纹体积占比分别为7.45%和5.65%,独立裂纹分别为31 830个和8311个;当炮孔直径和压药压力相同时,并非装药量越大裂纹扩展效果越好,存在一个合理的装药量区间,如1~3#和5~7#六组煤样,当装药量为25 mg时,裂纹体积占比为12.79%,单个裂纹体积为20 135.03 mm3,裂纹扩展效果最佳,装药量为20 mg时效果次之。
(1)以起爆药代替常用炸药,采用小药量耦合装药爆破技术进行小尺寸煤样爆破致裂试验,是切实可行的。
(2)当装药量和压药压力相同时,炮孔直径越大,裂纹扩展和增透效果越差;当炮孔直径和装药量相同时,冲压装药效果优于松散装药。
(3)当炮孔直径和压药压力相同时,并非装药量越大裂纹扩展效果越好,存在一个合理的装药量区间。对于本文采用的低透气性标准尺寸煤样而言,当装药量为25 mg时,裂纹体积占比为12.79%,单个裂纹体积为20 135.03 mm3,裂纹扩展效果最佳,装药量为20 mg时效果次之。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974108; 51404093)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(242102320213)
  • 河南省自然科学基金资助项目(232300420077)
  • 河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NSFRF240638)
  • 河南省博士后科研项目(001701014)
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2025年第42卷第2期
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文章信息
doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.02.005
  • 接收时间:2025-02-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28
基金
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(51974108; 51404093)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974108; 51404093)
Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(242102320213)
河南省科技攻关项目(242102320213)
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(232300420077)
河南省自然科学基金资助项目(232300420077)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province(NSFRF240638)
河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NSFRF240638)
Post-doctoral Research Project in Henan Province(001701014)
河南省博士后科研项目(001701014)
作者信息
    1.a.河南理工大学 安全科学与工程学院,焦作 454003
    1.b.河南理工大学 能源科学与工程学院,焦作 454003
    2.煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,焦作 454003
    3.中原经济区煤层(页岩)气河南省协同创新中心,焦作 454003
    4.深井岩层控制与瓦斯抽采技术应急管理部科技研发平台,焦作 454003

通讯作者:

韩颖(1980-),男,山东济南人,博士、教授,主要从事矿山安全工程领域的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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