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Article(id=1241409518840631703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705939200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904693565, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904693565, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904693565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904693565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241409507583127593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904690881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904736091, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=128, endPage=135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241409519654326688, articleId=1241409518840631703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation on Blasting Demolition of 130 m Multi-tube Sleeve Chimney Under Complex Environment, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For the blasting and demolition project of a 130 m multi-tube sleeve chimney, the LS-DYNA finite element software was used to simulate the blasting incision by unit failure using a separated common-node model. The collapse process of the multi-tube sleeve chimney was numerically simulated, analyzed and compared with the actual blasting effect. The results show that the effective stress is mainly concentrated on the edge of the remaining part of the support when the blasting notch is forming. However, the notch closure stage of the falling speed is different due to the length and slenderness ratio and the nature of the material of the outer chimney and the inner sleeve are different. The simulation shows that the external chimney and the steel inner tube would be collisional at the notch closure stage as the internal and external detonation simultaneously. Choosing the detonation method with a delay of two seconds between internal and external components will achieve the ideal collapse effect.

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CHEN Lei (1989-), male, Senior blasting engineer, mainly engaged in explosive technology and application, (E-mail) .
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针对130 m多管式套筒烟囱的爆破拆除工程，使用LS-DYNA有限元软件，采用分离式共节点模型，通过单元失效的方式模拟爆破切口，对多管式套筒烟囱的倒塌过程进行数值模拟分析，并与实际爆破效果对比。结果表明：爆破切口成形时，有效应力主要集中于剩余支撑部分的边缘处，但由于外烟囱和内部筒体材料性质和长细比不同，切口闭合阶段的下坠速度会有所不同，通过模拟发现内外同时起爆会使得外部烟囱和钢内筒在切口闭合阶段发生碰撞，选择内外部件延期两秒的起爆方式会取得理想的倒塌效果。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈磊（1989-），男，爆破工程高级工程师，主要从事爆炸技术与应用，（E-mail）。
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赵盟乔（1996-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸力学研究，（E-mail）。

ZHAO Meng-qiao (1996-), male, Master degree candidate, mainly engaged in the research of explosion mechanics, (E-mail) .

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赵盟乔（1996-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸力学研究，（E-mail）。

ZHAO Meng-qiao (1996-), male, Master degree candidate, mainly engaged in the research of explosion mechanics, (E-mail) .

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赵盟乔（1996-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸力学研究，（E-mail）。

ZHAO Meng-qiao (1996-), male, Master degree candidate, mainly engaged in the research of explosion mechanics, (E-mail) .

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articleId=1241409518840631703, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=数值模拟), Keyword(id=1241409534867067883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409518840631703, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=定向拆除)], refs=[Reference(id=1241409543020794088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409518840631703, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=谢先启, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢先启. 拆除爆破技术的发展与展望[J]. 爆破, 2019, 36(2): 1-12., articleTitle=拆除爆破技术的发展与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409543121457390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409518840631703, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=XIE Xian-qi, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, 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Notch design parameters

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烟囱编号切口位置h/m切口高度hP/m切口圆心角α/°切口弧长LP切口闭合角∂/°
1号钢内筒+0.52.821824.830
2号钢内筒+0.52.821824.830
外烟囱+0.52.821824.825
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切口设计参数表

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烟囱编号切口位置h/m切口高度hP/m切口圆心角α/°切口弧长LP切口闭合角∂/°
1号钢内筒+0.52.821824.830
2号钢内筒+0.52.821824.830
外烟囱+0.52.821824.825
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Blasting design parameters

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L/m δ/cm W/cm a/cm b/cm q/（kg·m-3）孔数排数 Q1/g总药量Q/kg
24402040352.5319914044.66
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爆破参数设计表

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L/m δ/cm W/cm a/cm b/cm q/（kg·m-3）孔数排数 Q1/g总药量Q/kg
24402040352.5319914044.66
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Material parameters

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 密度/（kg·m-3）杨氏模量/GPa泊松比屈服应力/MPa切线模量/GPa β
钢筒78302100.3355101
 密度/（kg·m-3）杨氏模量/GPa泊松比拉伸极限/MPa剪切极限/MPa屈服应力/MPa
钢筋混凝土2500300.22.514.528.9
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材料参数表

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 密度/（kg·m-3）杨氏模量/GPa泊松比屈服应力/MPa切线模量/GPa β
钢筒78302100.3355101
 密度/（kg·m-3）杨氏模量/GPa泊松比拉伸极限/MPa剪切极限/MPa屈服应力/MPa
钢筋混凝土2500300.22.514.528.9
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复杂环境下爆破拆除130 m多管式套筒烟囱的数值模拟研究
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赵盟乔 1 , 陈磊 2 , 王猛 1 , 罗宁 3 , 权树恩 2 , 刘桐 4
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2024,41(4): 128-135
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2024, 41(4): 128-135
复杂环境下爆破拆除130 m多管式套筒烟囱的数值模拟研究
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赵盟乔1 , 陈磊2 , 王猛1, 罗宁3, 权树恩2, 刘桐4
作者信息
  • 1.安徽理工大学　化工与爆破学院，淮南　232000
  • 2.浙江秦核环境建设有限公司，绍兴　312000
  • 3.中国矿业大学　力学与土木工程学院，徐州　221116
  • 4.浙江省高能爆破工程有限公司，绍兴　312000

    • 赵盟乔（1996-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸力学研究，（E-mail）。

    ZHAO Meng-qiao (1996-), male, Master degree candidate, mainly engaged in the research of explosion mechanics, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

陈磊（1989-），男，爆破工程高级工程师，主要从事爆炸技术与应用，（E-mail）。
Numerical Simulation on Blasting Demolition of 130 m Multi-tube Sleeve Chimney Under Complex Environment
Meng-qiao ZHAO1 , Lei CHEN2 , Meng WANG1, Ning LUO3, Shu-en QUAN2, Tong LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Chemical Engineering and Blasting, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232000, China
  • 2.Zhejiang Qin Nuclear Environmental Construction Co., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China
  • 3.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 4.Zhejiang High Energy Blasting Engineering Co., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.016
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摘要
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针对130 m多管式套筒烟囱的爆破拆除工程，使用LS-DYNA有限元软件，采用分离式共节点模型，通过单元失效的方式模拟爆破切口，对多管式套筒烟囱的倒塌过程进行数值模拟分析，并与实际爆破效果对比。结果表明：爆破切口成形时，有效应力主要集中于剩余支撑部分的边缘处，但由于外烟囱和内部筒体材料性质和长细比不同，切口闭合阶段的下坠速度会有所不同，通过模拟发现内外同时起爆会使得外部烟囱和钢内筒在切口闭合阶段发生碰撞，选择内外部件延期两秒的起爆方式会取得理想的倒塌效果。

多管式套筒烟囱  /  爆破拆除  /  数值模拟  /  定向拆除

For the blasting and demolition project of a 130 m multi-tube sleeve chimney, the LS-DYNA finite element software was used to simulate the blasting incision by unit failure using a separated common-node model. The collapse process of the multi-tube sleeve chimney was numerically simulated, analyzed and compared with the actual blasting effect. The results show that the effective stress is mainly concentrated on the edge of the remaining part of the support when the blasting notch is forming. However, the notch closure stage of the falling speed is different due to the length and slenderness ratio and the nature of the material of the outer chimney and the inner sleeve are different. The simulation shows that the external chimney and the steel inner tube would be collisional at the notch closure stage as the internal and external detonation simultaneously. Choosing the detonation method with a delay of two seconds between internal and external components will achieve the ideal collapse effect.

multi-tube sleeve chimneys  /  demolition by blasting  /  numerical simulation  /  targeted demolition
赵盟乔, 陈磊, 王猛, 罗宁, 权树恩, 刘桐. 复杂环境下爆破拆除130 m多管式套筒烟囱的数值模拟研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (4) : 128 -135 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.016
Meng-qiao ZHAO, Lei CHEN, Meng WANG, Ning LUO, Shu-en QUAN, Tong LIU. Numerical Simulation on Blasting Demolition of 130 m Multi-tube Sleeve Chimney Under Complex Environment[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (4) : 128 -135 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.016
正文
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在烟囱的拆除工程中，爆破拆除因其拆除效率高且兼顾经济性的优点成为废弃建筑物拆除的主要手段[1-3]。而拆除物自身及周边环境的复杂性会使得爆破拆除项目中存在许多不安全因素，随着超高烟囱拆除项目的频繁出现，定向控制爆破拆除技术显得尤为重要。薛克军采用定向控制爆破技术成功拆除108 m高造粒塔[4]。夏曼曼研究了不同预处理方法对钢筋混凝土水塔爆破拆除效果的影响[5]，结果表明爆破切口高度是影响钢筋混凝土水塔倒塌的关键因素。杨辉采用孔内延时、孔外接力的复式闭合双回路起爆技术成功对180 m高烟囱定向爆破拆除[6]。
钢筋混凝土烟囱筒身内配置的钢筋使结构更加复杂，使爆破拆除的难度随之增加，面对多管式套筒烟囱，采用数值模拟技术，对多管式套筒烟囱的倒塌过程进行预演，对验证项目施工设计方案的可行性具有重要参考价值[7-9]。高文乐采用分离式共节点模型[10]，对120 m高钢筋混凝土排气塔进行了数值模拟研究。孙金山建立了烟囱下坐冲击作用下爆破切口以上烟囱的动力响应模型[11]，分析了下坐冲击附加动应变波在烟囱中的传播特征。言志信通过有限元软件分析了切口中性轴的变化规律和决定因素[12]，提出用冲压系数ks来考虑突加载荷的影响。罗宁采用外部结构定向爆破[13]，钢内筒聚能切割的方式，对180 m同轴双烟囱进行爆破拆除。
在前人研究的基础上，以绍兴市清能环保有限公司内130 m多管式套筒钢筋混凝土烟囱为研究背景。针对多管式套筒烟囱内部环境复杂，内外结构及材料性质差异大等特点，采用内外部件延期起爆的方式，在充分考虑待爆破烟囱周围复杂环境的基础上进行爆破参数设计。同时结合有限元软件LS-DYNA研究多管式套筒烟囱的倾倒过程，验证延期起爆时间和爆破拆除方案，为今后类似环境和结构的多管式套筒烟囱爆破设计提供一定的参考思路。
1　工程概况
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1.1　周边环境
为提升亚运城市品质，绍兴市清能环保有限公司内部有一柱130 m钢筋混凝土烟囱影响市容市貌，需要对其进行爆破拆除。烟囱周边环境复杂，东南侧103 m处是厂区内的高压线塔，152 m处是厂区内的信号塔，178 m处是厂区内的冷却塔；西南侧92 m处的两个灰库属于二期待拆，需要保护；西南侧163 m处是山体，405 m处是杭州湾环线高速公路；西侧328 m处是玉屏禅寺；西北侧4.3 m处是钢结构支撑柱，属于二期待拆，烟囱倒塌过程中不能与其发生碰撞；西北侧212 m处玉屏公墓，335m处是玉屏山陵园；北侧326 m处是玉手寺，360 m处是高压线塔，具体周边环境如图1所示。
1.2　工程结构
待拆烟囱为钢筋混凝土结构，混凝土强度等级C35，高度130 m，整体结构强度较好。底部外直径13 m，顶部外直径9 m；筒体在0~45 m标高处壁厚40 cm，在45~85 m标高处壁厚35 cm，在85 m标高以上壁厚30 cm。如下图所示，烟囱内部南侧是直径3.4 m，高度130m，壁厚13 mm的1号钢内筒，北侧是直径2.4 m，高度130 m，壁厚15 mm的2号钢内筒，西侧是宽2.8 m，长1.75 m，高105 m的钢结构楼梯，东侧是烟气监控室。其中1号、2号钢内筒及烟气监控室的结构中心线与筒体外侧检修门的中心线平行；钢梯结构中心线与检修门的中心线有11.5°夹角。见图2、图3。
1.3　工程重难点分析
根据多管式套筒烟囱的结构特征和周边实际环境情况，对该工程项目的重难点问题进行了系统分析，主要为以下三点：
（1）带拆烟囱高度为130 m，属于A级拆除爆破工程，技术要求高，且烟囱位置距离尚需保护的两个对象近，周边环境复杂，对爆破飞石和爆破震动的控制极为关键。
（2）本工程为多管式套筒烟囱，烟囱内部含有两个高度130 m的钢内筒，且标高为+42 m、+72 m、+105 m、+122.5 m处有与钢筋混凝土筒体相连的钢结构检修平台，整体结构稳定性好。除钢内筒外还存在一个高度105 m的钢梯，导致施工难度增大，倒塌方向准确性控制较困难。
（3）用于破坏支撑部位的线性切割装置制作过程需要多次试验，调整参数，技术复杂性大，难度高。
2　爆破拆除方案
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2.1　总体方案设计
针对本工程项目的特殊性，将和烟囱相连的全部设施拆除，整体结构上和烟囱完全分离。同时将烟囱西南侧的厂房拆除，且此方向倒塌距离足够，可满足烟囱定向倒塌，故本工程烟囱的倒塌方向为南偏西25°方向。同时在筒体外表面开设定位窗，确保筒体倒塌方向的准确性。针对钢梯及钢内筒在相应的切口高度范围内开设预切口，再采用预制的线性切割器，破坏支撑部分，利用构筑物本身的自重造成偏心受压失稳，将切口另一侧筒体端部材料拉断或屈服。见图4。
2.2　切口设计
为了能够满足烟囱倒塌过程中完全闭合的设计要求，保证定向准确，采用正梯形爆破切口，烟囱的爆破切口均设置在底部+0.5 m处。对钢筋混凝土烟囱而言，爆破切口角度一般选为180°~240°。切口高度h、切口弧长按相关公式确认。切口设计的具体参数见下表1。见图5。
切口高度按经验公式[14]：
切口弧长公式为[14]：LP=cα/360
式中：D是切口位置外径；c为切口位置周长；α为切口对应圆心角。
楼梯支撑框架按整体考虑，最后一排做支撑，楼梯的倒塌中心按筒体倒塌中心线方向设计。沿倒塌方向的三根钢腿采用提前施工砖混结构柱，将原钢制腿受力变为砖混柱受力，同时将钢腿采取预留切割缝的处理的方式，以减少后部拉应力，保证钢梯倒塌。见图6。
2.3　切口截面强度校核
在爆破切口形成瞬间，烟囱重力P会对切口保留部分形成重力矩MP，同时切口处的钢筋混凝土会产生抗弯力矩M0，若MP>M0，则烟囱可以顺利倾倒，反之，若切口抗弯力矩过小，则切口处无法形成塑性铰，会出现立而不倒的现象。
抗弯力矩M0的计算公式为[14]
式中：δ为切口截面壁厚；θ为切口保留部分对应的半圆心角，rad。
此烟囱的混凝土标号为C35、抗弯强度取2.5 N/mm2，钢筋抗弯强度取235 N/mm2，配筋率取0.6%，计算得[σ]=1.5×（2.5+0.6%×235）=5.86 MPa。则M0=5.8×107 N·m。通过以上计算可得MP>M0，因此切口角度218°满足烟囱发生倾倒的条件。
钢筒的抗压强度条件为[15]
钢内筒材质为Q345B，其屈服强度为355 MPa。在开设预处理窗口后，1号钢内筒的筒壁支撑面积A1=0.00387 m2，2号钢内筒的筒壁支撑面积A2=0.00314 m2。其中1号钢内筒重量为136 t，钢内筒在重力载荷的作用下σ1=136×9.8×1000/0.00387=34.4 MPa，2号钢内筒重量为110 t，钢内筒在重力载荷的作用下σ2=110×9.8×1000/0.00314=34.3 MPa。通过以上计算可得σ1，σ2均小于[σ]，因此钢内筒预处理后不会在重力载荷的作用下发生坍塌。
3　爆破参数设计
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3.1　炮孔参数设计
根据炮孔参数设计原则，具体参数设计如下：
（1）炮孔深度
孔深L：L=（0.67~0.7）δ
（2）最小抵抗线
最小抵抗线W：取切口处壁厚δ的一半，即W=0.5δ
（3）炮孔孔距
炮孔孔距a：a=（1.5~2）W或a=（0.9~0.95）L
（4）炮孔排距
炮孔排距b：b=（0.85~1.0）a
（5）单位炸药消耗量
参照以往施工经验及《拆除爆破设计与施工》中相关混凝土烟囱定向拆除爆破工程单耗的取值，单耗q取2500 g/m3。
（6）单孔装药量
单孔药量Q1=qabδ
各参数计算结果见表2。
3.2　起爆网路设计
本工程采用数码电子雷管，采用通过调整数码电子雷管延期，达到分段起爆减少单响药量的爆破方法。起爆区域共分为两个区域，两区域的起爆延时时间分别为区域一设置5 ms，区域二设置50 ms。起爆网路示意图如下。见图7。
3.3　线性切割器设计
采用主装药为乳化炸药的双侧线性起爆聚能切割器对目标钢结构进行爆破拆除，宽为50 mm，高为40 mm，长度根据现场待拆目标物的实际情况制作。外壳材料为金属铅壳，厚度为1 mm，药型罩采用铜制药型罩，壁厚为1 mm，锥角为30°。通过绑扎的方式将线性切割器固定于待拆除目标物上，不设置炸高。见图8。
4　数值模拟研究
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4.1　模型建立
按照实际尺寸建立如图9所示的多管式套筒烟囱有限元模型，选用LS-DYNA软件模拟烟囱爆破后在重力作用下的倒塌过程。钢筋混凝土外烟囱、钢内筒、钢梯、地面均采用实体单元，其中对于钢筋混凝土采用*MAT_BRITTLE_DAMAGE材料模型，钢梯、钢内筒均采用*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC材料模型，地面作为刚体处理，采用*MAT_RIGID材料模型。采用单元失效的方式模拟炸药爆炸后形成的切口，通过控制关键字*MAT_ADD_EROSION中的Fs值实现。选用*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE定义多管式套筒与地面之间的接触，静摩擦系数设置为0.5，动摩擦系数设置为0.4。通过*DEFINE_CURVE对烟囱施加重力。具体材料参数见表3。
4.2　多管式套筒倒塌过程分析
由于多管式套筒烟囱中钢内筒与外烟囱的材料性质不同，钢梯的整体结构也区别于圆筒，导致套筒烟囱的内外部件倒塌过程会有所不同。且本工程中烟囱内部建筑较多，需要确保倒塌方向的准确性，确认内外延期起爆的时间。防止在倒塌过程中各部件间发生碰撞，对倒塌结果可能造成影响。因此在爆破拆除前，采用数值模拟的方式对倒塌过程进行计算分析，对排除现场的不安全因素至关重要。
选取钢内筒、烟囱、钢梯沿倒塌中心线方向上的某一节点，使用LS-PREPOST软件对节点的坐标-时间曲线进行分析，如图10所示，当多管式套筒烟囱内部钢筒和外部烟囱同时起爆时，钢内筒与烟囱在倒塌过程中会发生碰撞。外烟囱在爆破切口形成后的2.5 s内，其在垂直方向和倒塌方向的位移较小，观察应力云图可知，这是由于在切口形成初期，应力分布开始重组，有效应力主要集中于余留支撑体的边沿处，支撑体在此过程主要处于屈服阶段，结构的倾倒角度很小，因此位移也相应较小。随后外烟囱和内部钢结构均处于切口闭合阶段，但由于外烟囱为钢筋混凝土结构，内筒为钢结构，两种材料的抗拉强度存在很大差异。且筒体的长细比不同，钢筋混凝土材料很快失效，导致在切口闭合阶段，外烟囱和内钢筒的倾倒速度不一样，造成内部钢筒和外烟囱在8.3 s时发生了碰撞，此后外烟囱与内部钢筒保持接触状态直至切口闭合。在12.1 s切口完成闭合后，内外筒体均开始围绕切口与地面形成的新的支撑轴线进行定轴转动。在完全倒塌后，外烟囱的节点位移为128 m，这是由于惯性的作用，结构在倒塌过程中不可避免地会发生前冲动作。钢梯在倒塌过程中并未与钢内筒和外烟囱发生碰撞，表明在工业上采用线性聚能切割器的方法能够有效破坏钢梯的支撑部分，达到倾倒的效果。
分析图10（b）垂直方向速度-时间图（Z方向）可知，在切口闭合的初期阶段，内外筒的速度变化都非常小。10~12 s内，由于中性轴的移动，支撑体受上部筒体拉压共同作用，开始出现断裂破坏，多管式套筒烟囱的下坠速度开始逐渐震荡增大，但倒塌期间并没有出现速度突然的变化，说明底部支撑足，并未出现较明显的下坐现象。12~15.7 s内，烟囱围绕新支撑轴线下坠速度迅速增大至54 m/s左右后，在烟囱完全倒塌触底后，速度瞬间降为0。
4.3　内外延期起爆时间
根据上述分析，选用钢内筒起爆后延期2 s起爆外烟囱的方案进行模拟实验，由图11可知，2 s延期起爆的情况下，多管式套筒的倒塌效果较好，内外部件在倒塌过程中均不会发生碰撞，多管式套筒烟囱的整体倒塌时间为16.4 s。
图12（a）中130 m多管式套筒烟囱东侧有一座小型待拆烟囱，在多管式套筒烟囱起爆前5 s会先对小型烟囱进行爆破拆除，并不会对后续工程造成影响。选取5 s、10 s、15 s、16 s时多管式套筒烟囱的倒塌状态图，对比分析得出数值模拟计算的内外筒体倒塌过程姿态与实际爆破效果高度近似，倒塌过程中内部部件与外部烟囱均未发生碰撞。外烟囱的整体倒塌过程持续了14 s，内部钢筒的整体倒塌过程持续了16 s。倒塌后的多管式套筒整体结构较为完整，空中并未出现解体，从图像上看，外烟囱倒塌过程中并未与内钢筒发生碰撞，与模拟效果近似，验证了上述模拟的可靠性。
4.4　现场爆破效果
由于爆破部位提前使用棉被、密目网等做好了近体防护，且在烟囱倒塌方向上铺设了减振堤坝，沙土垫层等，因此爆破过程中并未出现震动破坏，最远飞石距离仅为12 m。周围建筑未受到损坏，整体爆破效果良好，爆破效果如图13所示。
5　结论
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（1）采用定向拆除爆破的方法对复杂环境下多管式套筒烟囱爆破拆除是可行的，根据不同的结构特点选取合适的预处理方式，并对爆破参数和切口进行计算，确保烟囱顺利倒塌。
（2）使用有限元软件LS-DYNA对复杂环境下130 m多管式套筒烟囱爆破拆除的倒塌过程进行模拟，模拟结果与实际工程相吻合，其计算结果真实可靠。
（3）针对不同结构和材料的多管式套筒烟囱，通过设置内外延期起爆的方式，可以有效避免内外部件在倒塌过程中相互碰撞，保证烟囱倾倒方向的准确性。
（4）通过数值模拟计算，验证施工方案的准确性，能有效降低施工危险系数，为类似工程项目提供经验借鉴。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372373)
文献
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2024年第41卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.016
  • 接收时间：2024-01-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-23
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12372373)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372373)
作者信息
    1.安徽理工大学　化工与爆破学院，淮南　232000
    2.浙江秦核环境建设有限公司，绍兴　312000
    3.中国矿业大学　力学与土木工程学院，徐州　221116
    4.浙江省高能爆破工程有限公司，绍兴　312000

通讯作者:

陈磊（1989-），男，爆破工程高级工程师，主要从事爆炸技术与应用，（E-mail）。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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