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Article(id=1241409517875941779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702396800000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904693334, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904693334, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904693334, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904693334, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241409507583127593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904690881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904736091, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241409520086340004, articleId=1241409517875941779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Material Selection for Blasting Simulation of Rock Mass Surrounding Ultra-deep Shaft, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Researching blasting similar simulation materials for ultra-deep shaft surrounding rock and conducting physical model tests are the basis for studying the dynamic response law of ultra-deep shaft surrounding rock under blasting. This paper used the monzonitic granite in Xiling subsidiary shaft of Sanshandao gold mine as the simulation object to prepare similar granite materials. The iron ore powder and barite powder were selected as fine aggregates, the quartz sand was selected as coarse aggregate, the rosin alcohol solution was selected as binding material, and the gypsum was selected as adjusting material. The orthogonal design method was used to prepare the simulation materials. The mechanical parameters of similar materials with different proportions were determined, and the sensitivity analysis of each influencing factor and the blasting test of the simulated materials were carried out. The results show that the selected proportion can meet the requirements of indoor blasting model tests based on the specimen's density, unaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus. The proportion of fine aggregate in the total aggregate significantly affects the density of the simulated materials. The binder concentration significantly affects the compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and cohesion of the simulated materials. The proportion of gypsum significantly affects the internal friction angle of the simulated materials. The peak strain value in the model test block under high confining pressure is more significant as a whole, and the attenuation rate of the peak strain gradually decreases with the distance increase.

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CHU Huai-bao (1978-), male, Ph. D, professor, master supervisor, mainly engaged in research on explosion theory and application, (E-mail) .
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研发超深竖井围岩的爆破相似模拟材料并开展物理模型试验，是研究爆破作用下超深竖井围岩的动力响应规律的基础。论文以三山岛金矿西岭副井下二长花岗岩为模拟对象配制花岗岩相似材料，选取铁矿粉、重晶石粉为细骨料，石英砂为粗骨料，松香酒精溶液为黏结材料，石膏为调节材料，采用正交设计法配比模拟材料，测定了不同配比相似材料的力学参数，并进行了各影响因素的敏感性分析和模拟材料的试爆试验。结果表明：基于试件密度、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量，选定的配比方案能够满足室内爆破模型试验的要求；细骨料占总骨料比对模拟材料的密度有较显著影响；粘结剂浓度对模拟材料的抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和粘聚力均有较显著影响；石膏占比对模拟材料的内摩擦角有较显著影响；高围压作用下模型试块内的应变峰值数值整体较大，并且随着距离的增加，应变峰值的衰减速度逐渐降低。

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褚怀保（1978-），男，博士、教授、硕士生导师，从事爆炸理论及应用方面研究，（E-mail）。
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杨小林（1963-），男，博士、教授、博士生导师，从事隧道与地下工程方面研究，（E-mai）。

YANG Xiao-lin (1963-), male, Ph. D, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in research on tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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杨小林（1963-），男，博士、教授、博士生导师，从事隧道与地下工程方面研究，（E-mai）。

YANG Xiao-lin (1963-), male, Ph. D, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in research on tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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杨小林（1963-），男，博士、教授、博士生导师，从事隧道与地下工程方面研究，（E-mai）。

YANG Xiao-lin (1963-), male, Ph. D, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in research on tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Application of different in-situ stress test methods in the area of 2005 m shaft construction of Sanshandao gold mine and distribution law of in-situ stress, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241409539434664056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, awardId=52130403, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130403), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241409539522744447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, awardId=52130403, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130403), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241409539619213446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=Basic Research on Continuous Intelligent Safety Mining of Deep Metal Mine, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241409539786985615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=深部金属矿连续智能化安全开采基础研究, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241409524997870104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241409525006258716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, companyId=1241409524997870104, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 451003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241409525018841627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, companyId=1241409524997870104, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河南理工大学　土木工程学院，焦作　451003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241409533457781654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Sample of similar material specimen, figureFileSmall=ZCtaXiXoygkIcp8G1O08/w==, figureFileBig=vp0iYkgRwpFNx5R6xlLIqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409533541667743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=图1, caption=相似材料试件样品, figureFileSmall=ZCtaXiXoygkIcp8G1O08/w==, figureFileBig=vp0iYkgRwpFNx5R6xlLIqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409533784937391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=High pressure gas impact test system, figureFileSmall=p8rHZq9QxxkyXjUj+y38Zg==, figureFileBig=eSxSe3a1a6mo6MP1DZNphQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409533902377909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=图2, caption=深竖井爆破模拟试验系统, figureFileSmall=p8rHZq9QxxkyXjUj+y38Zg==, figureFileBig=eSxSe3a1a6mo6MP1DZNphQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409534036595647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Indoor model test pictures (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=nhD6mBqjeFp+bu9bq/pr9A==, figureFileBig=f/gi7N0X8cnFHK/kMw7dlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409534229533640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=图3, caption=室内模型试验图片（单位：cm）, figureFileSmall=nhD6mBqjeFp+bu9bq/pr9A==, figureFileBig=f/gi7N0X8cnFHK/kMw7dlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409534317614031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Fitting curve of strain peak attenuation, figureFileSmall=G1LPeh4XoCwzF1oSSwlXbg==, figureFileBig=2v1IB4w+9t+Rtj8TtLqowA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409534497969110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=图4, caption=应变峰值衰减拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=G1LPeh4XoCwzF1oSSwlXbg==, figureFileBig=2v1IB4w+9t+Rtj8TtLqowA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409534586049499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of similar materials of surrounding rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩材料密度/（g·cm-3）抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比内摩擦角/°粘聚力/MPa
原型围岩2.6115014500.234740
), ArticleFig(id=1241409534711878625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

围岩相似材料物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩材料密度/（g·cm-3）抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比内摩擦角/°粘聚力/MPa
原型围岩2.6115014500.234740
), ArticleFig(id=1241409534858679273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Similarity scale and target parameters of mechanical parameters of similar materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理量相似关系相似比相似目标参数
密度 Sρ12.61 g/cm3
抗压强度 Sσ=Sρ×S11001.5 MPa
弹性模量 SE=Sρ×S1100500 MPa
内摩擦角 Sf=1147°
黏聚力 SE=Sρ×S11000.4 MPa
泊松比 Sμ10.23
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535076783090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

相似材料各力学参数相似比尺及目标参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理量相似关系相似比相似目标参数
密度 Sρ12.61 g/cm3
抗压强度 Sσ=Sρ×S11001.5 MPa
弹性模量 SE=Sρ×S1100500 MPa
内摩擦角 Sf=1147°
黏聚力 SE=Sρ×S11000.4 MPa
泊松比 Sμ10.23
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535211000822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Orthogonal design level of similar materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 A[细骨料/总骨料]/% B[铁粉/细骨料]/% C[松香/酒精]/% D[石膏/总骨料]/%
1602010.04
2703012.56
3804015.08
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535370384380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

相似材料正交设计水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 A[细骨料/总骨料]/% B[铁粉/细骨料]/% C[松香/酒精]/% D[石膏/总骨料]/%
1602010.04
2703012.56
3804015.08
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535508795394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Similar material test scheme

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序 A/% B/% C/% D/%
试验1602010.04
试验2603012.56
试验3604015.08
试验4702012.58
试验5703015.04
试验6704010.06
试验7802015.06
试验8803010.08
试验9804012.54
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535680761867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

相似材料试验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序 A/% B/% C/% D/%
试验1602010.04
试验2603012.56
试验3604015.08
试验4702012.58
试验5703015.04
试验6704010.06
试验7802015.06
试验8803010.08
试验9804012.54
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535798202385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Orthogonal test results of granite similar materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序密度/（g·cm-3）抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/MPa内摩擦角/°粘聚力/MPa
12.471.140.14117.1634.900.324
22.461.420.16171.4633.570.364
32.471.500.19247.7532.250.403
42.481.230.14149.6729.730.371
52.481.630.22223.8235.360.381
62.491.060.12146.6432.390.304
72.491.640.20202.0331.520.388
82.490.870.10124.8528.550.311
92.501.470.19199.0134.170.321
), ArticleFig(id=1241409537467535384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

围岩相似材料正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序密度/（g·cm-3）抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/MPa内摩擦角/°粘聚力/MPa
12.471.140.14117.1634.900.324
22.461.420.16171.4633.570.364
32.471.500.19247.7532.250.403
42.481.230.14149.6729.730.371
52.481.630.22223.8235.360.381
62.491.060.12146.6432.390.304
72.491.640.20202.0331.520.388
82.490.870.10124.8528.550.311
92.501.470.19199.0134.170.321
), ArticleFig(id=1241409537639501858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The physical and mechanical parameters of the materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料密度/（g·cm-3）抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比内摩擦角/°粘聚力/MPa
原型围岩2.61150.0014.0050.000.2347.0040.000
模型材料2.471.500.190.250.2232.250.403
), ArticleFig(id=1241409537740165163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

模型试验相似材料物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料密度/（g·cm-3）抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比内摩擦角/°粘聚力/MPa
原型围岩2.61150.0014.0050.000.2347.0040.000
模型材料2.471.500.190.250.2232.250.403
), ArticleFig(id=1241409537937297459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of specimen density

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
12.4672.4802.4832.483
22.4842.4772.4802.480
32.4932.4872.4802.480
极差0.0260.010.0030.003
), ArticleFig(id=1241409538126041144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

试件密度的极差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
12.4672.4802.4832.483
22.4842.4772.4802.480
32.4932.4872.4802.480
极差0.0260.010.0030.003
), ArticleFig(id=1241409538209927230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of compressive strength

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
11.3531.3371.0231.413
21.3071.3071.3731.373
31.3271.3431.5901.200
极差0.0460.0360.5670.213
), ArticleFig(id=1241409538302201926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

抗压强度的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
11.3531.3371.0231.413
21.3071.3071.3731.373
31.3271.3431.5901.200
极差0.0460.0360.5670.213
), ArticleFig(id=1241409538402865228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of tensile strength

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
10.1630.1600.1200.183
20.1600.1600.1630.160
30.1630.1670.2030.143
极差0.0030.0060.0830.039
), ArticleFig(id=1241409538499334227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

抗拉强度的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
10.1630.1600.1200.183
20.1600.1600.1630.160
30.1630.1670.2030.143
极差0.0030.0060.0830.039
), ArticleFig(id=1241409538595803222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of elastic modulus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
1178.790156.287129.550178.790
2173.377173.377173.380173.377
3175.297197.800224.533175.297
极差5.41341.51394.9836.620
), ArticleFig(id=1241409538734215262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

弹性模量的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
1178.790156.287129.550178.790
2173.377173.377173.380173.377
3175.297197.800224.533175.297
极差5.41341.51394.9836.620
), ArticleFig(id=1241409538868432992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of internal friction angle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
133.57332.05031.94734.810
232.49332.49332.49032.493
331.41332.93733.04330.177
极差2.160.881.104.64
), ArticleFig(id=1241409539027816550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

内摩擦角的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
133.57332.05031.94734.810
232.49332.49332.49032.493
331.41332.93733.04330.177
极差2.160.881.104.64
), ArticleFig(id=1241409539174617198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Sensitivity analysis of cohesion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
10.3640.3610.3130.342
20.3520.3520.3520.352
30.3400.3430.3910.362
极差0.0220.0180.0780.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241409539262697589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409517875941779, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

粘聚力的敏感性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水平 A B C D
10.3640.3610.3130.342
20.3520.3520.3520.352
30.3400.3430.3910.362
极差0.0220.0180.0780.02
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超深竖井围岩体爆破模拟材料选择试验研究
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杨小林 , 徐杰 , 褚怀保 , 孙博 , 王东辉 , 张光然 , 陈璐阳 , 郭鹏 , 王少华
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024,41(4): 1-7
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024, 41(4): 1-7
超深竖井围岩体爆破模拟材料选择试验研究
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杨小林 , 徐杰, 褚怀保 , 孙博, 王东辉, 张光然, 陈璐阳, 郭鹏, 王少华
作者信息
  • 河南理工大学　土木工程学院，焦作　451003

    • 杨小林（1963-），男，博士、教授、博士生导师，从事隧道与地下工程方面研究，（E-mai）。

    YANG Xiao-lin (1963-), male, Ph. D, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in research on tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

褚怀保（1978-），男，博士、教授、硕士生导师，从事爆炸理论及应用方面研究，（E-mail）。
Experimental Study on Material Selection for Blasting Simulation of Rock Mass Surrounding Ultra-deep Shaft
Xiao-lin YANG , Jie XU, Huai-bao CHU , Bo SUN, Dong-hui WANG, Guang-ran ZHANG, Lu-yang CHEN, Peng GUO, Shao-hua WANG
Affiliations
  • College of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 451003, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.001
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摘要
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研发超深竖井围岩的爆破相似模拟材料并开展物理模型试验，是研究爆破作用下超深竖井围岩的动力响应规律的基础。论文以三山岛金矿西岭副井下二长花岗岩为模拟对象配制花岗岩相似材料，选取铁矿粉、重晶石粉为细骨料，石英砂为粗骨料，松香酒精溶液为黏结材料，石膏为调节材料，采用正交设计法配比模拟材料，测定了不同配比相似材料的力学参数，并进行了各影响因素的敏感性分析和模拟材料的试爆试验。结果表明：基于试件密度、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量，选定的配比方案能够满足室内爆破模型试验的要求；细骨料占总骨料比对模拟材料的密度有较显著影响；粘结剂浓度对模拟材料的抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和粘聚力均有较显著影响；石膏占比对模拟材料的内摩擦角有较显著影响；高围压作用下模型试块内的应变峰值数值整体较大，并且随着距离的增加，应变峰值的衰减速度逐渐降低。

超深竖井  /  爆破  /  相似材料  /  正交设计  /  力学性能  /  敏感性分析

Researching blasting similar simulation materials for ultra-deep shaft surrounding rock and conducting physical model tests are the basis for studying the dynamic response law of ultra-deep shaft surrounding rock under blasting. This paper used the monzonitic granite in Xiling subsidiary shaft of Sanshandao gold mine as the simulation object to prepare similar granite materials. The iron ore powder and barite powder were selected as fine aggregates, the quartz sand was selected as coarse aggregate, the rosin alcohol solution was selected as binding material, and the gypsum was selected as adjusting material. The orthogonal design method was used to prepare the simulation materials. The mechanical parameters of similar materials with different proportions were determined, and the sensitivity analysis of each influencing factor and the blasting test of the simulated materials were carried out. The results show that the selected proportion can meet the requirements of indoor blasting model tests based on the specimen's density, unaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus. The proportion of fine aggregate in the total aggregate significantly affects the density of the simulated materials. The binder concentration significantly affects the compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and cohesion of the simulated materials. The proportion of gypsum significantly affects the internal friction angle of the simulated materials. The peak strain value in the model test block under high confining pressure is more significant as a whole, and the attenuation rate of the peak strain gradually decreases with the distance increase.

ultra-deep shaft  /  blasting  /  similar materials  /  orthogonal design  /  mechanical properties  /  sensitivity analysis
杨小林, 徐杰, 褚怀保, 孙博, 王东辉, 张光然, 陈璐阳, 郭鹏, 王少华. 超深竖井围岩体爆破模拟材料选择试验研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (4) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.001
Xiao-lin YANG, Jie XU, Huai-bao CHU, Bo SUN, Dong-hui WANG, Guang-ran ZHANG, Lu-yang CHEN, Peng GUO, Shao-hua WANG. Experimental Study on Material Selection for Blasting Simulation of Rock Mass Surrounding Ultra-deep Shaft[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (4) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.001
正文
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由于浅部矿产资源的开发殆尽，地球深部资源开发研究已逐渐成为当下的研究热点[1]。而由于钻爆法开挖具有适用性强、安全高效、经济方便等优点，所以成为当前水电施工、矿山开采、道路桥梁等工程中最为常用的施工方法[2]，同时也是深部地下工程最常用的开挖方法之一。为更好地揭示钻爆开挖对深部岩体的影响规律，开展室内爆破模拟试验是揭示围岩动力响应和井壁失稳破坏过程的最有力的试验手段之一。模型材料的选择及配比不仅是影响模拟材料的物理力学性质，并且关乎模型试验最终结果的可靠性。
目前，国内已有大量文献对岩石模拟材料做出了研究[3-6]。其中，Lu等通过岩石相似材料的模型试验[7]，模拟了应力波在岩壁中的传播特性和岩爆过程。耿晓阳等使用磁铁矿粉、石英砂、石膏、水泥等制作岩石相似材料[8]，并对4种因素对于相似材料物理性质的影响程度进行了分析。刘晓敏等选用铁精粉、重晶石粉、粉细砂、石膏和甘油等制作岩体相似材料进行配比试验[9]，同时通过极差分析和方差分析对各因素进行了敏感性分析。袁璞等为研究相似材料的合理养护时间以及为了加快模型试验进度[10]，对不同配比的胶结砂相似材料试件进行不同养护时间下的单轴压缩试验，并采用分离式Hopkinson杆进行了单轴冲击压缩试验。陈志敏等采用正交试验设计方法[11]，将黄土、石英砂、水泥、石膏和纯净水经均匀拌合和重型击实后，形成了所需的炭质千枚岩相似材料。张强勇等选用铁粉、重晶石粉、石膏为原材料[12]，应用正交设计方法进行了多组配比试验，结果表明该材料可以用于模拟从软岩到硬岩的大部分岩体材料。王雅雯等将石英砂、重晶石粉、铁精粉和松香酒精溶液混合后击实形成一种隐晶质玄武岩的模拟材料[13]，该材料具有高重度、低强度的特点。张宁等通过试验测定在不同水灰比和橡胶粉取代率条件下[14]，改性水泥砂浆的不同物理力学性能的变化情况，总结这些物理参数随上述条件的变化规律，获得一种新型岩石相似材料。
深部岩石种类繁多，岩性各不相同，需要进一步完善对深部岩石模拟材料的研究。其中，对处于地下深部的花岗岩相似材料研究并不多见。为了更好推进爆破引起的深部岩体的动力响应规律的物理模型研究，在前人研究的基础上，选取三山岛金矿西岭副井地下埋深1000 m的二长花岗岩为模拟对象，制备花岗岩相似材料，为深部岩体爆破模型试验做好前期准备，同时为优化接下来的爆破方案提供参考。
1　三山岛花岗岩物理性质
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副井井位处于莱州湾东南岸边，地貌类型单一，不良地质作用较少，地质环境未遭受破坏。风化带厚度较小，井筒围岩主要为二长花岗岩，因此模拟材料研究重心放在模拟完整二长花岗岩上。经取得原岩并完成相应物理力学试验得知完整二长花岗岩的物理参数如表1所示。
2　岩体模拟材料及配比
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2.1　相似比确定
根据现场施工方案，井筒荒径为11.5 m。依据井筒的尺寸大小和现有围压加载装置尺寸，基于相似理论最终确定几何相似比为100∶1。由相似理论[15-19]，得到三山岛花岗岩相似材料的目标物理力学参数，如表2所列。
2.2　相似材料选取
根据相似理论，为满足相似条件，研制的相似材料应具有高容重、低强度的特点。在查阅相关文献资料后[12-13,19]，选取了一种以铁矿粉、重晶石粉为细骨料，石英砂为粗骨料，松香酒精为粘结剂的相似材料，通过改变各成分含量和粘结剂浓度可大幅度调整模拟材料的力学性能。
相似材料中主材料中的铁矿粉细度规格为80~150目，重晶石粉细度规格为325目，石英砂细度规格为20~40目之间。黏结剂中的特级松香为微黄至黄红色的透明粉末状固体，以便于溶于酒精，酒精选用浓度≥95%的工业酒精。
2.3　正交试验设计
本次正交试验取4因素3水平，若按照传统单因素轮换法安排试验，需要进行81种组合的试验，而采用正交表进行试验，则只需进行9种组合的试验[20]，不仅大幅度缩短了试验时间，而且试验点分布也比较均匀。在进行相似材料配比时，根据爆破模型试验的具体情况，将基于试件密度、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量来选定配比方案。
试验选用A因素为细骨料占总骨料的质量百分比[细骨料/总骨料]，B因素为铁粉质量占细骨料质量的百分比[铁粉/细骨料]，C因素为松香酒精溶液的质量浓度[松香/酒精]，D因素为石膏质量占总骨料质量的百分比[石膏/总骨料]，每个因素设计了3个水平，见表3，以4因素3水平确定的材料配比正交实验表见表4。
2.4　力学试验结果
根据模型试验方案的要求，对9组试样（图1）分别进行了抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量、密度、黏聚力、内摩擦角等物理力学参数的测试。
通过对9组试验试样（图1）分别进行称重、单轴压缩、劈裂和直剪试验，获得各试样的主要物理力学参数，如表5所示。
将9组试样结果（表5）与表2相似材料目标物理力学参数进行比对，第3组配比可较好地模拟三山岛二长花岗岩。由于泊松比偏差太大，在试验中先确定抗压强度与弹性模量合适的配比试样后，对泊松比进行了专门的量测，最后得到第3组各物理力学参数如表6所示。
3　敏感性分析
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敏感性分析是通过对每一因素求其平均极差来分析问题，将各个因素相同水平平均，极差是在各水平之和中由最大值减去最小值求得。具体计算方法见式（1）。
式中：Ii为任一影响因素试验结果平均值；Xi为影响因素试验结果；i为任一影响因素的i个试验结果；R为极差；Imax为任一因素试验结果平均值的最大值；Imin为任一因素试验结果平均值的最小值。
3.1　试件密度敏感性分析
对相似材料试验结果中试件密度数据进行极差分析，绘制成表7，A因素极差最大，对试件密度影响最强。各影响因素对试件密度影响程度从大到小排序为：A>B>C>D，可见A因素对于试件密度的影响占主要作用，而B、C、D因素对试件密度的影响并不明显。
3.2　抗压强度敏感性分析
对相似材料试验结果中抗压强度数据进行极差分析，绘制成表8，C因素极差最大，对试件抗压强度影响最强。各影响因素对试件抗压强度影响程度从大到小排序为：C>D>A>B，可见C因素对于试件抗压强度的影响占主要作用，D因素次之，而A、B因素对试件抗压强度的影响并不明显。
3.3　抗拉强度敏感性分析
对相似材料试验结果中抗拉强度数据进行极差分析，绘制成表9，C因素极差最大，对试件抗拉强度影响最强。各影响因素对试件抗拉强度影响程度从大到小排序为：C>D>B>A，可见C因素对于试件抗拉强度的影响占主要作用，D因素次之，而A、B因素对试件抗拉强度的影响并不明显。
3.4　弹性模量敏感性分析
对相似材料试验结果中弹性模量数据进行极差分析，绘制成表10，C因素极差最大，对试件弹性模量影响最强。各影响因素对试件弹性模量影响程度从大到小排序为：C>B>D>A，可见C因素对于试件弹性模量的影响占主要作用，B因素次之，而A、D因素对试件弹性模量的影响并不明显。
3.5　内摩擦角敏感性分析
对相似材料试验结果中内摩擦角数据进行极差分析，绘制成表11，D因素极差最大，对试件内摩擦角影响最强。各影响因素对试件内摩擦角影响程度从大到小排序为：D>A>C>B，可见D因素对于试件内摩擦角的影响占主要作用，A因素次之，而B、C因素对试件内摩擦角的影响较小。
3.6　粘聚力敏感性分析
对相似材料试验结果中粘聚力数据进行极差分析，绘制成表12，C因素极差最大，对试件粘聚力影响最强。各影响因素对试件粘聚力影响程度从大到小排序为：C>A>D>B，可见C因素对于试件粘聚力的影响占主要作用，A、B、C因素对试件粘聚力的影响较小。
4　爆破模型试验
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4.1　模型试验系统
为了验证模拟材料设计的合理性，采用自主研制的深竖井爆破模拟试验系统（图2）对模拟材料进行室内爆破模型试验。该试验系统由围压加载装置、高压气体释放控制系统和数据采集系统组成。在试验过程中，首先，空气经过加压系统加压后达到设计压力，随后由出气口流出输送到压力釜中进行储存，当气体压力达到数字压力表的设定值时，电磁阀会自动打开，储存在压力釜中的高压气体被瞬间释放并进入炮孔内冲击试块，同时数据采集系统会完成动态应变数据的采集。
4.2　试验方案
选择制作尺寸为500 mm×500 mm×500 mm的试件用于高压气体冲击试验，利用应变砖测量模型试块内应变。制作试块时在模拟岩石试件的中间预留一个直径为110 mm、深度为300 mm的井筒，预留直径为20 mm、深度为100 mm的炮孔，并分别将预制的应变砖埋设在位于炮孔中心水平面距井壁径向方向50 mm、100 mm、150 mm、250 mm的四个位置处（图3），应变砖上布置径向应变片。
试验模拟位于地下500 m和1000 m的深部竖井，根据文献[21]的地应力测试结果和应力相似系数So=100，得到模拟的围压的加载应力值为0.2 MPa和0.4 MPa。试验采用双向等围压加载，爆破后对不同围压下试块中的应变峰值进行分析，以分析爆破作用对超深竖井围岩体内应力波的传播与衰减规律。
4.3　结果与分析
为分析爆破作用下超深竖井围岩体内应力波传播与衰减规律，通过试验得到模型试块在不同围压下的应变峰值随距离变化的拟合曲线如图4。
在爆破作用下，由图4拟合曲线可知：在同一地应力作用下，越靠近井壁的不同测点应变峰值数值相差越大，随着测点与井壁距离的增加应变峰值下降速率减缓；在双向围压加载下，随着围压的增加，试块内相同距离的各测点应变峰值的数值也整体呈现增大的现象；在双向围压加载下，高围压加载下的试块内应变峰值衰减速度要大于较低围压加载下的应变峰值。通过分析试块内的应力波传播与衰减规律，可知该模拟材料可以满足爆破模型试验的需要。
5　结论
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以三山岛金矿西岭副井下二长花岗岩为模拟对象配制花岗岩相似材料，采用正交设计法，设计4因素3水平的配比方案，进行了相应的物理性能试验，最终挑选出合理的材料配比和对试验结果的极差分析，并利用选定的材料配比进行了爆破模型试验。主要结论有：
（1）通过正交试验设计配制出了能满足特定相似比条件，可用于深部二长花岗岩爆破模拟试验的相似材料，结果为细骨料/总骨料为60%，铁粉/细骨料为40%，松香/酒精为15%，石膏/总骨料为8%。
（2）相似材料的密度随着细骨料含量的提高而显著提高；随着粘结剂浓度的提高，相似材料的抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和粘聚力基本呈现线性增长；相似材料的内摩擦角随着石膏含量的提高而显著降低。
（3）在高围压作用下，模型试块内的应变峰值较低围压作用下整体呈现增大的现象，并且随着距离的增加，应变峰值的衰减速度逐渐降低。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130403)
  • 深部金属矿连续智能化安全开采基础研究
文献
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2024年第41卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.001
  • 接收时间：2023-12-13
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-13
基金
Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130403)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130403)
Basic Research on Continuous Intelligent Safety Mining of Deep Metal Mine
深部金属矿连续智能化安全开采基础研究
作者信息
    河南理工大学　土木工程学院，焦作　451003

通讯作者:

褚怀保（1978-），男，博士、教授、硕士生导师，从事爆炸理论及应用方面研究，（E-mail）。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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