Article(id=1241409517007720832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716048000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904693128, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904693128, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904693128, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904693128, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241409507583127593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904690881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904736091, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241409517859164561, articleId=1241409517007720832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Research on Catastrophe Instability Criterion of Surrounding Rock under Blasting Action in Shallow-buried Tunnel with Unsymmetrical Pressure, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the instability problem of shallow-buried tunnel with unsymmetrical pressure under blasting, the potential energy equation of surrounding rock was derived by considering both blasting damage and water weakening effect. Using the cusp catastrophe theory and its calculation method, a catastrophe instability criterion of surrounding rock mass in a shallow-buried tunnel with unsymmetrical pressure under blasting was established. Then, the effects of water weakening, blasting damage and unsymmetrical pressure on the instability of the surrounding rock mass were discussed. Taking Dayangan tunnel in the national high-speed G5615 (Tianbao-Malipo section) as an example, a catastrophe criterion k of surrounding rock mass under different working conditions was calculated according to the physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock and the results of the field acoustic wave test. Meanwhile, a shallow-buried tunnel's surrounding rock stability state with unsymmetrical pressure was determined. The results show that the necessary condition for abrupt instability in shallow-buried tunnels with biased pressure under blasting is the abrupt failure criterion k<1, indicating a potential state of abrupt instability. The degree of bias pressure is the critical internal factor affecting tunnel instability surrounding rock mass. Additionally, the greater the degree of bias pressure, the more prone the tunnel is to sudden instability. The practical evaluation results are consistent with the field observations, verifying the practicability and validity of the criterion.

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WU Li (1963-), male, born in Zhuzhou city, Hunan province, professor, mainly engaged in blasting and rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .
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为解决浅埋偏压隧道爆破失稳问题,考虑爆破损伤与水弱化效应,利用尖点突变模型建立了爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道围岩突变失稳判据,并探讨了水弱化效应、爆破损伤效应和偏压程度对围岩失稳的影响。以国家高速G5615(天保-麻栗坡段)大岩矸隧道为例,计算了不同工况下围岩突变判据k值,判定了浅埋偏压隧道围岩稳定性状态。结果表明:爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道发生突变失稳的必要条件是突变判据k<1,表示隧道可能处于突变失稳状态;偏压程度是影响隧道围岩失稳的关键内在因素,偏压程度越大越容易发生突变失稳;实际工程评价结果与现场情况一致,验证了该判据的实用性与有效性。

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吴立(1963-),男,湖南株洲人,教授,主要研究爆破与岩石动力学,(E-mail)
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马荣增(1974-),男,福建永定人,大学本科,主要从事公路、市政、房建等专业施工及设计管理工作,(E-mail)

MA Rong-zeng (1974-), male, born in Yongding city, Fujian province, bachelor degree, senior engineer, mainly engaged in highway, municipal, housing construction and other professional construction and design management, (E-mail) .

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马荣增(1974-),男,福建永定人,大学本科,主要从事公路、市政、房建等专业施工及设计管理工作,(E-mail)

MA Rong-zeng (1974-), male, born in Yongding city, Fujian province, bachelor degree, senior engineer, mainly engaged in highway, municipal, housing construction and other professional construction and design management, (E-mail) .

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马荣增(1974-),男,福建永定人,大学本科,主要从事公路、市政、房建等专业施工及设计管理工作,(E-mail)

MA Rong-zeng (1974-), male, born in Yongding city, Fujian province, bachelor degree, senior engineer, mainly engaged in highway, municipal, housing construction and other professional construction and design management, (E-mail) .

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Physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock

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断面里程围岩重度γ/(kN·m-3 Ge/GPa Gs/GPa m ωe/% ωs/% he hsΔh
K38+08022.62.332.251.431.228.1586
ZK38+07522.62.332.181.431.228.14810
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围岩物理力学参数

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断面里程围岩重度γ/(kN·m-3 Ge/GPa Gs/GPa m ωe/% ωs/% he hsΔh
K38+08022.62.332.251.431.228.1586
ZK38+07522.62.332.181.431.228.14810
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Field acoustic test results

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断面里程计算参数爆破次数i
051015
K38+080 vi/(m·s-14921472044984195
D00.0800.1650.273
ZK38+075 vi/(m·s-14755455043083998
D00.0840.1790.293
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现场声波测试结果

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断面里程计算参数爆破次数i
051015
K38+080 vi/(m·s-14921472044984195
D00.0800.1650.273
ZK38+075 vi/(m·s-14755455043083998
D00.0840.1790.293
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爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道围岩突变失稳判据研究
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马荣增 1 , 李文 1 , 杜泽辉 2 , 彭亚雄 3 , 吴立 4
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024,41(4): 54-60
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024, 41(4): 54-60
爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道围岩突变失稳判据研究
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马荣增1 , 李文1, 杜泽辉2, 彭亚雄3, 吴立4
作者信息
  • 1.中交二航局(昆明)建设有限公司,昆明 650200
  • 2.中交武汉港湾工程设计研究院有限公司,武汉 430040
  • 3.湖南科技大学 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测湖南省重点实验室,湘潭 411201
  • 4.中国地质大学(武汉) 工程学院,武汉 430074
  • 马荣增(1974-),男,福建永定人,大学本科,主要从事公路、市政、房建等专业施工及设计管理工作,(E-mail)

    MA Rong-zeng (1974-), male, born in Yongding city, Fujian province, bachelor degree, senior engineer, mainly engaged in highway, municipal, housing construction and other professional construction and design management, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

吴立(1963-),男,湖南株洲人,教授,主要研究爆破与岩石动力学,(E-mail)
Research on Catastrophe Instability Criterion of Surrounding Rock under Blasting Action in Shallow-buried Tunnel with Unsymmetrical Pressure
Rong-zeng MA1 , Wen LI1, Ze-hui DU2, Ya-xiong PENG3, Li WU4
Affiliations
  • 1.CCCC SHEC (Kunming) Construction Co., Ltd., Kunming 650200, China
  • 2.CCCC Wuhan Harbour Engineering Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China
  • 3.Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering for Stability Control and Health Monitoring, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
  • 4.Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.007
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为解决浅埋偏压隧道爆破失稳问题,考虑爆破损伤与水弱化效应,利用尖点突变模型建立了爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道围岩突变失稳判据,并探讨了水弱化效应、爆破损伤效应和偏压程度对围岩失稳的影响。以国家高速G5615(天保-麻栗坡段)大岩矸隧道为例,计算了不同工况下围岩突变判据k值,判定了浅埋偏压隧道围岩稳定性状态。结果表明:爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道发生突变失稳的必要条件是突变判据k<1,表示隧道可能处于突变失稳状态;偏压程度是影响隧道围岩失稳的关键内在因素,偏压程度越大越容易发生突变失稳;实际工程评价结果与现场情况一致,验证了该判据的实用性与有效性。

隧道  /  爆破  /  浅埋  /  偏压  /  突变失稳

To address the instability problem of shallow-buried tunnel with unsymmetrical pressure under blasting, the potential energy equation of surrounding rock was derived by considering both blasting damage and water weakening effect. Using the cusp catastrophe theory and its calculation method, a catastrophe instability criterion of surrounding rock mass in a shallow-buried tunnel with unsymmetrical pressure under blasting was established. Then, the effects of water weakening, blasting damage and unsymmetrical pressure on the instability of the surrounding rock mass were discussed. Taking Dayangan tunnel in the national high-speed G5615 (Tianbao-Malipo section) as an example, a catastrophe criterion k of surrounding rock mass under different working conditions was calculated according to the physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock and the results of the field acoustic wave test. Meanwhile, a shallow-buried tunnel's surrounding rock stability state with unsymmetrical pressure was determined. The results show that the necessary condition for abrupt instability in shallow-buried tunnels with biased pressure under blasting is the abrupt failure criterion k<1, indicating a potential state of abrupt instability. The degree of bias pressure is the critical internal factor affecting tunnel instability surrounding rock mass. Additionally, the greater the degree of bias pressure, the more prone the tunnel is to sudden instability. The practical evaluation results are consistent with the field observations, verifying the practicability and validity of the criterion.

tunnel  /  blasting  /  shallow-buried  /  unsymmetrical pressure  /  catastrophe instability
马荣增, 李文, 杜泽辉, 彭亚雄, 吴立. 爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道围岩突变失稳判据研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (4) : 54 -60 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.007
Rong-zeng MA, Wen LI, Ze-hui DU, Ya-xiong PENG, Li WU. Research on Catastrophe Instability Criterion of Surrounding Rock under Blasting Action in Shallow-buried Tunnel with Unsymmetrical Pressure[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (4) : 54 -60 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.007
隧道洞口段常处于浅埋偏压的不良地形与地层条件,由于隧道上覆围岩较浅且偏压程度高,导致施工过程中围岩稳定性差。浅埋围岩长期受到地表水和地下水的影响,钻爆法施工将导致围岩产生较大损伤,下,致使浅埋围岩内部形成“偏压-水-爆破”三者相耦合的特殊力学作用,破坏隧道初始稳定的地层结构,进而产生浅埋围岩的突变失稳灾害,对工程安全产生极大威胁[1]。提出爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道的围岩突变失稳判据,对隧道灾害预判与防控具有重要意义。
学者们已经对浅埋偏压、偏压小净距隧道施工过程力学特性、变形及破坏规律开展了大量研究[2,3]。徐前卫等分析了浅埋偏压工况下隧道施工过程的力学行为[4],发现浅埋段较深侧拱脚和较埋侧拱肩发生剪切破坏风险大。潘文韬等提出了考虑偏压程度的隧道支护结构非对称性优化方法[5]。卢光兆等针对破碎岩体的浅埋偏压隧道问题[6],采用数值仿真对比分析了台阶法、中隔壁法和导坑法施工围岩变形特征。汪艮忠等研究了浅埋偏压隧道爆破引起的地表振动效应[7],构建了爆破引起地表振动的计算模型并进行了工程验证。对于浅埋偏压隧道失稳进行准确预判对施工安全控制至关重要,左清军等提出了基于突变理论的浅埋偏压隧道围岩失稳模型[8],准确掌握了围岩稳定性情况。陈红军等建立了拱顶上覆开挖后隧道围岩受力模型[9],得到岩层下滑力公式,并确定了岩层滑移破坏的判定准则,可有效指导施工。综上所述,众多专家对突变理论应用于围岩稳定性判定上有着丰厚的研究成果,但上述的成果中,尚没有考虑爆破作用效应的浅埋偏压隧道突变失稳研究,也没有得到基于突变理论的失稳判据。
故此,本文依据现场实际工况,构建了浅埋偏压隧道围岩的简化力学模型,并引入围岩的水弱化效应和爆破损伤效应,以此构建了“偏压-水-爆破”三者相耦合的浅埋偏压隧道围岩数学模型,并推导了浅埋偏压隧道围岩突变失稳判据,探讨了突变失稳影响因素,并将该判据应用于实际工程,实现了浅埋偏压隧道突变失稳灾害预判。
为分析浅埋偏压隧道围岩稳定性,建立了浅埋偏压隧道围岩力学模型,将隧道上覆地层分为2个部分且假定地层间分界线水平;同时假定开挖时在岩体自重作用下,地层发生整体剪切滑移且滑移连续变化。根据上述假定,构建了浅埋偏压隧道简化力学模型,如图1所示。图中滑移面与水平方向为α;围岩沿滑移面的位移为u;剪切滑移带平均厚度为d;地层2为应变硬化层,其厚度为he;地层1为应变软化层,其左侧厚度为hs,右侧厚度为hsh;围岩体自重为w
采用钻爆法进行浅埋偏压隧道施工中,因浅埋段长期受自然雨水的侵蚀影响,研究该段围岩的失稳必须考虑水与爆破两者共同作用的影响,两者都会对岩体的内部结构产生重要损伤。因此,岩体的本构模型的建立需要考虑水弱化效应和爆破损伤参数对应变硬化和应变软化层影响,并对本构模型进行修正。
(1)水弱化系数
隧道浅埋偏压段围岩在长期地下水和地表水作用下力学性质和承载力不断弱化,为反映水弱化效应,可以采用水弱化系数对本构方程进行修正[10]
式中:ω表示为岩体的含水率,%;KR为岩体饱和时的软化系数。
(2)爆破损伤变量
根据相关文献的研究,爆破损伤的定义可以假定爆破前后围岩密度ρ和泊松比ν近似相等进而得出[11],故爆破损伤变量D定义如下
式中:vi为损伤岩体波速,m/s;i为爆破次数;v0为岩体初始波速,m/s;Gi为损伤岩体弹性模量,GPa;G0为岩体初始弹性模量,GPa。
引入上述2个参数,对地层本构模型进行修正
①地层1(应变硬化)
式中:τe为地层1剪应力,kPa;Ge为地层1切变模量,kPa。
②地层2(应变软化)
式中:τsGs分别为地层2剪应力与切变模量,kPa;u0为岩体的平均应变测度,m;m为局部强度变化参数。
根据简化力学模型,浅埋偏压隧道总势能方程包括围岩自身应变能、自重下滑势能和水压力势能,各部分计算公式如下
1)应变势能V1
2)下滑动势能V2
3)水压力势能V3
式中,P为浅埋围岩中的水压力,kPa。
因此,隧道围岩总势能函数V
尖点突变模型因其计算模式简单,计算变量少,能够较好刻画出系统失稳性状,在科学与技术研究中得到广泛应用。该模型具体形象可以利用图2所示的具有折叠翼缘的曲面描述整个突变的变化过程,下叶表示系统失稳的发展过程,属于准稳定状态;中叶为系统的不稳定状态,上叶为系统经历不稳定状态后的再稳状态。
在模型演示图2中,路径B-B′的变化过程是连续的,这表示状态变量在模型中的变化也是连续的,其在控制参数平面投影为路径B;而路径A-A′在接近折叠翼缘处发展变化并跨越了分岔集,其投影为路径A表示的是控制参数ab的变化轨迹,与分岔集的交点为b1b2。在该区域控制变量极小变化都将会导致整个系统的状态突变,而路径A-A′跨越分岔集并产生了突变。因此,控制参数ab决定了是否跨越分叉集,是否产生突变。
根据尖点突变理论,对式(8)求导,并令其为0。得到平衡曲面方程
V求3次导,令V‴=0求得奇异点u1,即
对上式进行取3次项的泰勒展开。变量代换x=(u-u1/u1,得到突变标准形式
其中
式中:x为围岩状态变量;k为两层地层的修正刚度比;ξ为几何—力学参数[10]
由式(11)得到系统的分岔集方程如下
式中:Δ为突变特征值,Δ=0表示系统处于临界失稳。
由式(11)~式(14)可知:Δ中27b2≥0恒成立,仅4a3≤0可满足Δ<0,则隧道失稳的必要条件为
为探讨水弱化效应对突变判据k值的影响,引入浅埋偏压地层的水影响因子fω=fωe/fωs)。式(15)可表示为
由式(16)可知:围岩突变失稳与地层含水条件密切相关,fω越小越容易达到失稳条件,围岩失稳风险越大。隧道施工过程中,持续降雨将大幅增加应变软化层含水率,fω随之降低,失稳风险增加。因此,在雨季进行隧道施工时,应密切关注围岩稳定性情况。
隧道围岩的几何尺寸和力学性质决定了其稳定性情况。在围岩开挖的反复爆破作用下,靠近隧道掌子面的地层将产生较大损伤,破坏岩体结构导致围岩应变硬化层的刚度降低,反复的爆破作用增加了失稳风险。为分析爆破损伤效应影响程度,结合式(15)将其中的物理力学参数假定如下:Ge=2.33 GPa,Gs=2.25 GPa,ωe=0.312,ωs=0.281,he=5 m,hs=8 m,Δh=5 m。在保持单一变量的基础上,计算突变判据k随损伤变量D和局部强度变化参数m的变化规律,如图3所示。
图3可知:m较大时,岩体表现出了较强的软化性质,初始的突变判据k值也越低,围岩失稳的初始风险也更高。同时,由图可知,在m值相同的情况下,围岩爆破损伤变量D与突变判据k呈线性负相关性。说明反复爆破作用导致的围岩产生累积损伤,将会降低浅埋围岩的刚度,使突变判据k值逐渐达到小于1的值,从而诱发浅埋偏压隧道的突变失稳。
由浅埋偏压隧道力学模型(图1)和式(15)可知,隧道地层左右侧厚度差值Δh决定了围岩偏压情况。为进一步分析偏压程度的影响规律,假定物理力学参数如下:Ge=2.33 GPa,Gs=2.25 GPa,D=0.3,m=1.4,ωe=0.312,ωs=0.281,he=5 m,hs=8 m,代入式(16),计算突变判据k值如图4所示。
图4可知:随着隧道地表左右两侧厚度差值Δh的增加,即偏压程度不断增大,计算得到的突变判据k值将逐渐降低。在计算拟定的工况下,当Δh>8 m时突变判据k值小于1,说明此时隧道围岩可能发生突变失稳灾害。浅埋隧道偏压程度是决定围岩稳定性的关键内在因素,偏压程度越大越容易发生突变失稳。因此,隧道施工过程中应该重视浅埋偏压问题,采取必要措施确保围岩稳定。
国家高速G5615天麻段位于云南省文山州境内,工程位置如图5所示。大岩矸隧道为典型的浅埋偏压隧道,全长170.5 m,隧道全线属于浅埋情况,最大埋深仅为30.5 m,洞口段存在明显偏压情况。隧道地层为第四系全系统残坡积黏土、碎石与块石和白云质灰岩。
根据工程施工情况,分别以大岩矸隧道出口端K38+080和ZK38+075为主要研究对象,分析浅埋偏压隧道围岩的稳定性。根据现场调研,获得围岩物理力学参数如表1所示。现场实际的围岩声波测试结果如表2所示。
将相关参数代入式(15),计算突变判据k值如图6所示。
图6可知:隧道在K38+080和ZK38+075施工时,初始突变判据k值分别为1.81和1.21,处于稳定状态。但是K38+080处围岩稳定性明显大于ZK38+075,对比2处围岩物理力学参数可知:稳定性差异主要受到地表左右两侧厚度差值Δh影响,即偏压程度影响。岩体损伤程度将随爆破次数增加,导致k值不断减小。K38+080里程,15次爆破后k值仍大于1,表明该段隧道一直保持稳定;而ZK38+075里程,10次爆破后k值降低至0.99,已经低于突变控制阈值,达到15次爆破时k值为0.86,满足了突变失稳必要条件,表明隧道处于可能发生失稳状态。
根据上述突变理论分析,K38+080里程隧道稳定,而ZK38+075里程隧道可能发生突变失稳。隧道施工过程中对围岩变形进行了持续监测,数据如图7所示。
图7可知,K38+080和ZK38+075里程的隧道开挖后隧道拱顶沉降量明显增加,开挖5 d后两者隧道拱顶沉降量均开始趋于稳定,但是ZK38+ 075里程的隧道在开挖后10 d,隧道的拱顶沉降量突然持续增大,有发生围岩突变失稳的风险。为了控制围岩进一步变形,采取了注浆措施,围岩变形得到了有效控制。现场的隧道拱顶沉降量监测数据验证了本文提出的突变理论分析结果,说明基于突变理论构建的隧道失稳判据具有实用性,能够为隧道失稳灾害预判与防控提供指导。
(1)在分析浅埋偏压隧道围岩特点基础上,构建了围岩简化力学模型,通过引入水弱化系数和爆破损伤参数对围岩本构模型进行修正,推导了基于突变理论的爆破作用下浅埋偏压隧道围岩突变失稳判据,即突变判据k<1,表示隧道可能处于突变失稳状态。
(2)分析隧道围岩突变失稳影响因素发现,围岩突变失稳与地层含水条件密切相关,fω越小越容易达到失稳条件,围岩失稳风险越大;随着损伤参数D的增大,突变判据k值呈线性降低,说明反复爆破作用将导致失稳的可能性增加;偏压程度是影响隧道围岩失稳的关键内在因素,偏压程度越大越容易发生突变失稳。
(3)将构建的突变失稳判据应用于国家高速G5615天麻段大岩矸隧道,计算了隧道2个典型区域的围岩突变判据k值并与工程实际情况进行了对比,验证了该判据的实用性与有效性。
  • 江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022D08)
  • 湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22B0486)
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.007
  • 接收时间:2024-05-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-19
基金
State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting and Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University(PBSKL2022D08)
江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022D08)
Scientific research project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(22B0486)
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22B0486)
作者信息
    1.中交二航局(昆明)建设有限公司,昆明 650200
    2.中交武汉港湾工程设计研究院有限公司,武汉 430040
    3.湖南科技大学 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测湖南省重点实验室,湘潭 411201
    4.中国地质大学(武汉) 工程学院,武汉 430074

通讯作者:

吴立(1963-),男,湖南株洲人,教授,主要研究爆破与岩石动力学,(E-mail)
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.007
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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