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Article(id=1241409516567318900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904693023, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904693023, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904693023, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904693023, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241409507583127593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904690881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904736091, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=18, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241409517062246785, articleId=1241409516567318900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Attenuation Law of Axial and Radial Explosion Stress Wave with Different Charge Structures in Concrete, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the attenuation law of blasting stress waves in concrete under different charging structures, the strain values at different positions of the experimental models were tested by a 16-channel dynamic strain gauge based on similarity theory. Meanwhile, the attenuation law of axial and radial blast stress waves in concrete under different charge structures was obtained by calculating the peak stress. The results show that the blasting stress wave exhibits a power exponential decay as the distance between the blasting centers increases. The initial pressure and maximum pressure on the borehole wall of the coupled charge structure are the highest, and the detonation wave acts on the medium for a short time. The uncoupled charge structure reduces the initial pressure on the borehole wall and prolongs the time of detonation pressure action. The coupled charging structure consumes much energy in the crushing zone, and the energy transfer is uneven. The stress wave attenuation of the uncoupled charging structure during blasting is slow, and the energy transfer is uniform.

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为了探索不同装药结构下混凝土中爆破应力波的衰减规律，基于相似理论，开展了混凝土中不同装药结构的模型试验，采用16通道动态应变仪，采集了混凝土中炮孔轴向和径向不同位置处的应变值，并通过计算得到了各处的峰值应力，进而获得了不同装药结构下混凝土中炮孔轴向、径向爆炸应力波的衰减规律。结果表明：随爆心距的增加，爆破应力波呈现幂指数衰减；耦合装药结构炮孔壁受到的初压及最高压最大，爆轰波作用于介质时间较短，不耦合装药结构降低了孔壁初压，延长了爆轰压力作用时间；耦合装药结构在破碎区消耗大量能量，能量传递不均匀，不耦合装药结构爆破应力波衰减的较慢，能量传递均匀。

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郭志东（1971-），男，硕士、高级工程师，从事爆破工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

GUO Zhi-dong (1971-), male, master degree, senior engineer, engaged in blasting engineering research, (E-mail) .

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郭志东（1971-），男，硕士、高级工程师，从事爆破工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

GUO Zhi-dong (1971-), male, master degree, senior engineer, engaged in blasting engineering research, (E-mail) .

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郭志东（1971-），男，硕士、高级工程师，从事爆破工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

GUO Zhi-dong (1971-), male, master degree, senior engineer, engaged in blasting engineering research, (E-mail) .

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Numerical analysis of plane explosive wave propagation with its attenuation behavior in semi-infinite medium[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2006(2): 60-65. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical analysis of plane explosive wave propagation with its attenuation behavior in semi-infinite medium, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409543607996674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=173, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=35, authorNames=郝海明, 赵光明, 孟祥瑞, journalName=地下空间与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郝海明, 赵光明, 孟祥瑞. 爆破对不同龄期混凝土喷层破坏的数值分析[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2013, 9(1): 173-178., articleTitle=爆破对不同龄期混凝土喷层破坏的数值分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409543742214406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=173, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=HAO Hai-ming, ZHAO Guang-ming, MENG Xiang-rui, journalName=Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAO Hai-ming, ZHAO Guang-ming, MENG Xiang-rui. Numerical analysis of blasting on the rupture of concrete spray layer at different ages[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2013, 9(1): 173-178. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical analysis of blasting on the rupture of concrete spray layer at different ages, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241409535538155524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, awardId=52208384, language=EN, fundingSource=National Nsatural Science Foundation of China(52208384), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241409535668178954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, awardId=52208384, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52208384), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241409525111116317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241409525182419487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, companyId=1241409525111116317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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companyId=1241409525618627118, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国矿业大学（北京）　力学与土木工程学院，北京　100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241409531100582741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Strain brick, figureFileSmall=phiXq7X196xgD/WlxoDFbg==, figureFileBig=CbdT/ELYIffkwgfw/Wf2Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409531205440348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=CN, label=图1, caption=应变砖, figureFileSmall=phiXq7X196xgD/WlxoDFbg==, figureFileBig=CbdT/ELYIffkwgfw/Wf2Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409531440321391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=model diagram, figureFileSmall=8x16/f5UCsYcNdfK+m/uGA==, figureFileBig=kKkxATBZFjx0Ak+CxGCwuw==, 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articleId=1241409516567318900, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Variation curve of peak stress at 15 cm from the bottom of blast hole with different charging structures, figureFileSmall=y9e5gq5vDoSfkSwXsJERGQ==, figureFileBig=h7s5TQtYSuDGc/vda/GTbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409534288253898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同装药结构轴向距离炮孔底部15 cm处峰值应力变化曲线, figureFileSmall=y9e5gq5vDoSfkSwXsJERGQ==, figureFileBig=h7s5TQtYSuDGc/vda/GTbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241409534418277330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Peak strain at different radial positions at the bottom of the hole under different charging structures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构炮孔底部径向不同位置的峰值应变/με
2 cm均值4 cm均值6 cm均值8 cm均值
耦合装药①8234.875 2670.008 1303.338 1071.398 
②7941.9148092.9112367.7892462.5671146.4991242.137946.4991032.786
③8101.945 2349.904 1276.574 1080.460 
耦合不连续装药①7188.853 2828.685 1641.205 1327.230 
②7114.2607164.0622800.8302658.7411650.5791645.8841345.0491339.729
③7189.073 2346.709 1645.868 1346.908 
不耦合连续装药①4953.539 3381.274 2525.967 1603.438 
②6705.4205532.8653209.5553312.5132331.2042430.0881579.3981590.646
③4939.637 3346.709 2433.092 1589.101 
不耦合不连续装药①4477.689 2267.368 1667.3681634.8201231.683 
②4481.2054472.8122257.6202268.1531657.620 1211.7111216.742
③4459.543 2279.471 1579.471 1206.832 
), ArticleFig(id=1241409534544106456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同装药结构下炮孔底部径向不同位置峰值应变

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构炮孔底部径向不同位置的峰值应变/με
2 cm均值4 cm均值6 cm均值8 cm均值
耦合装药①8234.875 2670.008 1303.338 1071.398 
②7941.9148092.9112367.7892462.5671146.4991242.137946.4991032.786
③8101.945 2349.904 1276.574 1080.460 
耦合不连续装药①7188.853 2828.685 1641.205 1327.230 
②7114.2607164.0622800.8302658.7411650.5791645.8841345.0491339.729
③7189.073 2346.709 1645.868 1346.908 
不耦合连续装药①4953.539 3381.274 2525.967 1603.438 
②6705.4205532.8653209.5553312.5132331.2042430.0881579.3981590.646
③4939.637 3346.709 2433.092 1589.101 
不耦合不连续装药①4477.689 2267.368 1667.3681634.8201231.683 
②4481.2054472.8122257.6202268.1531657.620 1211.7111216.742
③4459.543 2279.471 1579.471 1206.832 
), ArticleFig(id=1241409534674129886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Peak strain at different radial positions at 5 cm from the bottom of the gun hole under different charging structures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构轴向距离炮孔底部5 cm径向不同位置的峰值应变/με
2 cm均值4 cm均值6 cm均值8 cm均值
耦合装药①9371.189 3655.085 1812.095 1361.6610 
②9066.0569190.3493420.8813415.7821761.0911756.7181178.43401295.480
③9133.801 3171.381 1696.968 1346.3440 
耦合不连续装药①7737.736 3911.205 1912.095 1627.5673 
②7711.4097714.5943873.7233883.7591861.0911890.0511611.20501608.488
③7694.636 3866.350 1896.968 1586.6925 
不耦合连续装药①5737.736 3311.205 2638.390 1715.8410 
②5711.4095730.2603360.9023321.4892606.1342591.5881691.55501721.422
③5741.636 3292.361 2530.241 1756.8690 
不耦合不连续装药①4975.535 2771.061 1808.159 1433.6060 
②4935.2924916.8212770.4462768.9441798.0631803.1051455.87101442.526
③4839.637 2765.326 1803.092 1438.1010 
), ArticleFig(id=1241409534753821669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同装药结构下轴向距炮孔底部5 cm径向不同位置的峰值应变

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构轴向距离炮孔底部5 cm径向不同位置的峰值应变/με
2 cm均值4 cm均值6 cm均值8 cm均值
耦合装药①9371.189 3655.085 1812.095 1361.6610 
②9066.0569190.3493420.8813415.7821761.0911756.7181178.43401295.480
③9133.801 3171.381 1696.968 1346.3440 
耦合不连续装药①7737.736 3911.205 1912.095 1627.5673 
②7711.4097714.5943873.7233883.7591861.0911890.0511611.20501608.488
③7694.636 3866.350 1896.968 1586.6925 
不耦合连续装药①5737.736 3311.205 2638.390 1715.8410 
②5711.4095730.2603360.9023321.4892606.1342591.5881691.55501721.422
③5741.636 3292.361 2530.241 1756.8690 
不耦合不连续装药①4975.535 2771.061 1808.159 1433.6060 
②4935.2924916.8212770.4462768.9441798.0631803.1051455.87101442.526
③4839.637 2765.326 1803.092 1438.1010 
), ArticleFig(id=1241409534883845102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Peak strain at different radial positions at 10 cm from the bottom of the blast hole under different charging structures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构轴向距离炮孔底部10 cm径向不同位置的峰值应变/με
2 cm均值4 cm均值6 cm均值8 cm均值
耦合装药①5364.708 2083.886 1108.054 930.119 
②5115.1375222.3711911.4092020.0441050.3741071.512911.205921.620
③5187.269 2064.838 1056.109 923.535 
耦合不连续装药①4688.853 2171.061 1511.205 1227.230 
②4614.2604664.0622189.4462188.6111550.5791535.8841245.0491239.729
③4689.073 2205.326 1545.868 1246.908 
不耦合连续装药①4113.163 2278.301 2032.167 1652.013 
②4262.3484206.3122240.2492260.1391923.4542005.1301645.0491614.657
③4243.426 2261.866 2059.768 1546.908 
不耦合不连续装药①3777.689 1667.368 1310.742 1031.683 
②3771.2053769.4791657.6201634.8201314.9521302.3681021.7111022.075
③3759.543 1579.471 1281.409 1012.832 
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535076783088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同装药结构下轴向距炮孔底部10 cm径向不同位置的峰值应变

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构轴向距离炮孔底部10 cm径向不同位置的峰值应变/με
2 cm均值4 cm均值6 cm均值8 cm均值
耦合装药①5364.708 2083.886 1108.054 930.119 
②5115.1375222.3711911.4092020.0441050.3741071.512911.205921.620
③5187.269 2064.838 1056.109 923.535 
耦合不连续装药①4688.853 2171.061 1511.205 1227.230 
②4614.2604664.0622189.4462188.6111550.5791535.8841245.0491239.729
③4689.073 2205.326 1545.868 1246.908 
不耦合连续装药①4113.163 2278.301 2032.167 1652.013 
②4262.3484206.3122240.2492260.1391923.4542005.1301645.0491614.657
③4243.426 2261.866 2059.768 1546.908 
不耦合不连续装药①3777.689 1667.368 1310.742 1031.683 
②3771.2053769.4791657.6201634.8201314.9521302.3681021.7111022.075
③3759.543 1579.471 1281.409 1012.832 
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535219389431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Peak strain at different radial positions at 15 cm from the bottom of the blast hole under different charge structures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构轴向距炮孔底部15 cm径向不同位置的峰值应变/με
2 cm均值4 cm均值6 cm均值8 cm均值
耦合装药①1371.189 1155.085 912.095 1061.661 
②1366.0561356.3491170.8811172.449961.091923.3851078.4341062.146
③1331.801 1191.381 896.968 1046.344 
耦合不连续装药①1237.736 1311.205 912.095 827.567 
②1211.4091247.9271373.7231350.426861.091890.051861.205847.821
③1294.636 1366.350 896.968 854.693 
不耦合连续装药①1537.736 1611.205 1338.390 1115.841 
②1511.4091530.2601660.9021621.4891306.1341324.9221091.5551121.422
③1541.636 1592.361 1330.241 1156.869 
不耦合不连续装药①1077.689 1053.368 810.742 931.683 
②1071.2051069.4791057.6201030.153814.952802.368921.711922.075
③1059.543 979.471 781.409 912.832 
), ArticleFig(id=1241409535382967294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409516567318900, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同装药结构下轴向距炮孔底部15 cm处径向不同位置的峰值应变

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构轴向距炮孔底部15 cm径向不同位置的峰值应变/με
2 cm均值4 cm均值6 cm均值8 cm均值
耦合装药①1371.189 1155.085 912.095 1061.661 
②1366.0561356.3491170.8811172.449961.091923.3851078.4341062.146
③1331.801 1191.381 896.968 1046.344 
耦合不连续装药①1237.736 1311.205 912.095 827.567 
②1211.4091247.9271373.7231350.426861.091890.051861.205847.821
③1294.636 1366.350 896.968 854.693 
不耦合连续装药①1537.736 1611.205 1338.390 1115.841 
②1511.4091530.2601660.9021621.4891306.1341324.9221091.5551121.422
③1541.636 1592.361 1330.241 1156.869 
不耦合不连续装药①1077.689 1053.368 810.742 931.683 
②1071.2051069.4791057.6201030.153814.952802.368921.711922.075
③1059.543 979.471 781.409 912.832 
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不同装药结构下混凝土中炮孔轴向、径向爆炸应力波的衰减规律研究
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郭志东 1 , 李光 1 , 祝贺超 1 , 胡世超 1 , 左进京 2 , 游帅 3
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024,41(4): 18-24
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024, 41(4): 18-24
不同装药结构下混凝土中炮孔轴向、径向爆炸应力波的衰减规律研究
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郭志东1 , 李光1, 祝贺超1, 胡世超1, 左进京2, 游帅3
作者信息
  • 1.鞍钢基石矿业有限公司，鞍山　114047
  • 2.北京科技大学　土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083
  • 3.中国矿业大学（北京）　力学与土木工程学院，北京　100083

    • 郭志东（1971-），男，硕士、高级工程师，从事爆破工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

    GUO Zhi-dong (1971-), male, master degree, senior engineer, engaged in blasting engineering research, (E-mail) .

Study on Attenuation Law of Axial and Radial Explosion Stress Wave with Different Charge Structures in Concrete
Zhi-dong GUO1 , Guang LI1, He-chao ZHU1, Shi-chao HU1, Jin-jing ZUO2, Shuai YOU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Ansteel Cornerstone Mining Corporation, Limited, Anshan 114047, China
  • 2.School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.003
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摘要
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为了探索不同装药结构下混凝土中爆破应力波的衰减规律，基于相似理论，开展了混凝土中不同装药结构的模型试验，采用16通道动态应变仪，采集了混凝土中炮孔轴向和径向不同位置处的应变值，并通过计算得到了各处的峰值应力，进而获得了不同装药结构下混凝土中炮孔轴向、径向爆炸应力波的衰减规律。结果表明：随爆心距的增加，爆破应力波呈现幂指数衰减；耦合装药结构炮孔壁受到的初压及最高压最大，爆轰波作用于介质时间较短，不耦合装药结构降低了孔壁初压，延长了爆轰压力作用时间；耦合装药结构在破碎区消耗大量能量，能量传递不均匀，不耦合装药结构爆破应力波衰减的较慢，能量传递均匀。

模型试验  /  混凝土  /  不同装药结构  /  爆破应力波  /  应变

To explore the attenuation law of blasting stress waves in concrete under different charging structures, the strain values at different positions of the experimental models were tested by a 16-channel dynamic strain gauge based on similarity theory. Meanwhile, the attenuation law of axial and radial blast stress waves in concrete under different charge structures was obtained by calculating the peak stress. The results show that the blasting stress wave exhibits a power exponential decay as the distance between the blasting centers increases. The initial pressure and maximum pressure on the borehole wall of the coupled charge structure are the highest, and the detonation wave acts on the medium for a short time. The uncoupled charge structure reduces the initial pressure on the borehole wall and prolongs the time of detonation pressure action. The coupled charging structure consumes much energy in the crushing zone, and the energy transfer is uneven. The stress wave attenuation of the uncoupled charging structure during blasting is slow, and the energy transfer is uniform.

model experiments  /  concrete  /  different charge structures  /  bursting stress waves  /  strain
郭志东, 李光, 祝贺超, 胡世超, 左进京, 游帅. 不同装药结构下混凝土中炮孔轴向、径向爆炸应力波的衰减规律研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (4) : 18 -24 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.003
Zhi-dong GUO, Guang LI, He-chao ZHU, Shi-chao HU, Jin-jing ZUO, Shuai YOU. Study on Attenuation Law of Axial and Radial Explosion Stress Wave with Different Charge Structures in Concrete[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (4) : 18 -24 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.003
正文
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目前，混凝土被广泛用于各类建（构）筑物，在对混凝土进行抗爆设计及损伤评价时，需要关注爆破动荷载作用下的应力波传播规律，而因为混凝土在爆炸近区动荷载的高幅值和瞬时性，其呈现强非线性及高应变率，使得收集和分析混凝土的爆破应力波传播规律有巨大困难[1-4]。Nian等通过混凝土靶体爆破试验[5,6]，得到了不同距离的爆破应力波变化曲线。Mu通过现场试验发现在不同埋深状态下[7]，混凝土爆破应力波随距离的变化规律。Tu等基于立方根缩放的现场试验[8-10]，研究了爆破动荷载对爆破近区混凝土的影响。王海露等对混凝土靶内动态力学参数测试进行了探索[11]，收集了动态应力波数据。章征林通过FBG传感技术测量了爆破作用对混凝土外表面的应变变化曲线[12]。黄家蓉通过数值模拟和现场试验发现了混凝土中条形药包爆破动态应力波的传播规律[13]。
此外，国内外众多学者通过数值模拟研究了混凝土中爆破应力波的变化规律[14-18]。侯福金通过数值模拟研究了爆破荷载作用下中隔壁支护结构的动力响应[19]，发现在爆破应力波对中隔壁支护结构中心、顶部和底部响应最强烈。赵凯模拟了球形药包爆破应力波在混凝土中的传播规律[20]，阐明了装药形状对爆破应力波传播的影响。董永香用过LS-DYNA模拟了平面爆炸波在混凝土中的传播过程[21]，发现应力波与介质损伤变化有内在联系。郝海明利用LS-DYNA研究了应力波在不同养护龄期混凝土中的传播及其破坏过程[22]。
不同装药结构对爆破效果的影响也不同，如耦合装药在震动远区能量最大，不耦合装药可以降低爆破远区地震波产生的震动速度。目前对混凝土中不同装药结构爆破应力波的衰减规律鲜有人研究，本文基于波动理论、量纲分析理论以及相似理论，以模型试验为基础，研究不同装药结构下混凝土中炮孔轴向、径向爆炸应力波的衰减规律。
1　试验设计
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装药结构是爆破设计的重要参数，对爆破效果有显著影响。本文拟通过相似模型试验分析研究不同装药结构的爆破应力波衰减特征，设计四种装药结构（耦合连续装药结构、耦合不连续装药结构、不耦合连续装药结构、不耦合不连续装药结构），每种装药结构制作3个混凝土模型。通过在模型试件内放置应变砖，采用专用屏蔽线与NUXI-1004集成式16通道动态应变测试仪连接，采集不同装药结构药包起爆后混凝土不同位置处的峰值应变，根据混凝土力学参数得到不同位置的应力值，分析不同装药结构的爆破应力波衰减规律。
基于相似理论，设计试验模型试件强度为50MPa。设计模型整体尺寸为800 mm×800mm×500 mm，炮孔半径为5 mm（炮孔的半径相对于模型整体尺寸比值在100以上），炮孔深度为200 mm。此时，可把模型近似为一个无限体，即力的传递是向药包各个方向的，各方的边界也是无穷远的，每个模型炸药用量均为5 g黑索金，不同点在于每个模型的药包装药结构不一致。
2　制作模型
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在浇筑试验模型之前，先将应变片贴在与混凝土模型配比相同的应变砖上，每个试验模型有4块应变砖，如下图1所示，每块应变砖上有4个测点，即每个试验模型有16个测点，应变砖的尺寸为220 mm×25 mm×10 mm。应变砖的强度应与模型强度一致，避免因应变砖与试验模型强度相差较大而产生的试验误差。
测点位置设置在轴向距离炮孔4 cm、8 cm、12 cm、16 cm位置处自炮孔底部到孔口自由面5 cm、10 cm、15 cm及20 cm的位置，本次试验模型如图2所示，一共16个测点。
本次爆破试验所用的炸药为黑索金，每个试件模型装药5 g。采用耦合连续装药结构时，直接将称量完毕的炸药倒入炮孔内，用炮泥填塞即可；采用耦合不连续装药结构时，先在炮孔内倒入2.5 g黑索金，然后用木垫分隔，再次放入剩余2.5 g的炸药，用炮泥填塞完毕；采用不耦合连续装药结构时，为约束炸药使其不与炮孔壁接触，将炸药装入直径为5 mm的吸管内，不耦合系数为2，用炮泥填塞；采用不耦合不连续装药结构时，将炸药装在直径为5 mm的吸管内，不耦合系数为2，把药柱分成两段，中间用木垫分开，并用炮泥填塞。
待准备工作完毕，用烙铁把模型预留屏蔽线按标记与动态应变仪各通道外接线焊接在一起，并用绝缘胶带将焊接处包缠以防止干扰。然后将按不同装药结构制作的炸药放入预留炮孔，并保证炸药放置于炮孔底部，放入100 mg叠氮化铅作为起爆药，用脚线引出，用炮泥将炮孔填塞。炮孔堵塞完毕后，打开动态应变仪，调节动态应变仪参数，将脚线与起爆器连接，为起爆器充电后起爆，爆破现场如图3所示。
3　试验结果与分析
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为了研究不同装药结构爆破时不同位置处的峰值应力变化规律，通过现场实验，浇筑了800 mm×800 mm×500 mm的混凝土模型，开展了耦合连续、耦合不连续、不耦合连续和不耦合不连续4种装药结构爆破实验，每组实验进行开展3次试验，保证实验的可重复性，每组实验装药量一致，均为5 g黑索金，不耦合装药的不耦合系数为2，具体参数如上节所示。
首先通过动态应变仪测得不同装药结构下不同测点应变随时间的时程曲线，然后根据所测应变时程曲线的峰值应变，计算得到相应的爆破应力波峰值应力，计算公式如式（1），分析研究不同装药结构下爆破应力波的衰减规律。
式中：σr为冲击波峰值应力，MPa；E为混凝土弹性模量；εr为混凝土内部峰值应变，με。
3.1　炮孔底部爆破应力波的衰减规律
采用动态应变仪，测得不同装药结构下炮孔底部径向不同位置的应变时程曲线（限于篇幅不再列出），得到相应的峰值应变，如表1所示。
根据表1中不同测点处的峰值应变，采用公式（1）求得混凝土内部不同位置的峰值应力，得到炮孔底部径向不同半径处不同装药结构的峰值应力曲线，如图4所示。
从图4可以看出，测点距离炮孔越远，其峰值应力就越小，但是不同装药结构其变化规律也不尽相同，从图中可以看出，四种装药结构的峰值应力可以近似看作幂函数衰减，从图中可以看到耦合连续装药结构初始应力峰值最大，但是在炮孔底部位置其峰值应力衰减的最快，在径向距离炮孔8 cm处，耦合连续装药结构的峰值应力最小，同时可以计算出不同装药结构的衰减系数，在炮孔底部处耦合装药连续结构的峰值应力衰减速率为0.87，耦合不连续装药结构的为0.81，不耦合连续装药结构的为0.71，不耦合不连续装药结构的为0.72，可知道不耦合连续装药结构衰减的最慢，耦合连续装药结构衰减得快。炮孔底部径向不同半径处耦合装药结构的初始峰值应力值均比同等情况下不耦合装药结构的峰值应力值大，但是衰减速度大于不耦合装药结构，根据该数据可以得到，在相同药量的爆破工程中，炮孔底部耦合连续装药结构的爆破初始应力值最大，但其衰减的速度最快，不耦合不连续的初始峰值应力最小，不耦合连续装药的应力波衰减得最缓慢。
3.2　轴向距炮孔底部5 cm爆破应力波衰减规律
采用动态应变仪，测得不同装药结构下轴向距离炮孔底部5 cm，径向不同位置的应变时程曲线，得到相应的峰值应变，如表2所示。
同理可以得到不同装药结构爆破后轴向距离炮孔底部5 cm不同测点的应力曲线，不同装药结构峰值应力曲线如图5。
从图5可以看出，在轴向距离炮孔底部5 cm处，径向距离炮孔越远，不同装药结构峰值应力就越小，同时可以把不同装药的应力看作幂函数衰减，与炮孔底部径向距离处的测点相比，在此处，不同装药结构的初始应力峰值均比炮孔底部的初始应力峰值大，耦合连续装药结构的初始峰值应力最大，不耦合不连续装药结构的初始峰值应力小，耦合连续装药结构的衰减速率为0.86，耦合不连续装药结构的衰减速率为0.79，不耦合连续装药结构的衰减速率0.70，不耦合不连续装药结构的衰减速率0.70，不同装药结构在轴向距离炮孔底部5倍半径处峰值应力的衰减速率均比炮孔底部位置的峰值应力的衰减速率小，耦合连续装药结构的峰值应力衰减的最快，不耦合连续装药结构的峰值应力衰减的最慢，耦合装药结构的初始峰值应力值均比同等情况下不耦合装药结构的峰值应力大，耦合连续装药结构的初始峰值应力比耦合不连续的初始应力大，不耦合不连续装药结构的峰值应力最小。
3.3　轴向距炮孔底部10 cm爆破应力波衰减规律
采用动态应变仪，测得不同装药结构下轴向距离炮孔底部10 cm，径向不同位置的应变时程曲线，得到相应的峰值应变，如表3所示。
根据表3中各装药结构不同位置的峰值应变均值，计算出不同装药结构轴向距离炮孔底部10 cm处的峰值应力，做出不同装药结构轴向距离炮孔底部10 cm不同位置处的应力曲线，不同装药结构峰值应力曲线如图6。
从图6可以看到，耦合连续装药结构的初始峰值应力最大，不耦合不连续装药结构初始应力峰值最小，对比轴向距离炮孔底5 cm处不同位置的初始应力，轴向距离炮孔底部10cm处的初始应力较小，不过整体也呈现了幂指数下降趋势，耦合装药结构的初始应力最大，不耦合不连续装药结构的初始峰值应力最小，同时经过计算可以得到耦合连续装药结构峰值应力衰减速率为0.82，耦合不连续装药结构峰值应力衰减速率为0.73，不耦合连续装药结构峰值应力衰减速率为0.61，不耦合不连续装药结构峰值应力衰减速率为0.72，耦合连续装药结构衰减的最快，不耦合连续衰减的最慢。耦合装药结构的初始峰值应力值均比同等情况下不耦合装药结构的峰值应力大，耦合连续装药结构的初始峰值应力比耦合不连续的初始应力大，不耦合不连续装药结构的峰值应力最小。
3.4　轴向距炮孔底部15 cm处爆破应力波衰减规律
采用动态应变仪，测得不同装药结构下轴向距离炮孔底部15 cm，径向不同位置的应变时程曲线，得到相应的峰值应变，如表4所示。
根据表4可以得到不同装药结构下轴向距离炮孔底部15 cm不同位置处的峰值应力曲线，如图7所示。
从图7可以看到，耦合连续装药结构的初始峰值应力最大，不耦合不连续装药结构初始应力峰值最小，轴向距离炮孔底部15 cm处应力峰值比轴向距离炮孔底部0、5 cm和10 cm处各测点的初始应力峰值要小得多，且此处应力值总体呈现下降趋势，但是变化不是很大，耦合连续装药结构峰值应力的衰减速率为0.21，耦合不连续装药结构峰值应力的衰减速率为0.32，不耦合连续装药结构峰值应力的衰减速率为0.26，不耦合不连续装药结构峰值应力的衰减速率为0.13，在轴向距离炮孔底部15 cm处，所有装药结构的应力变化趋势不是很规则，在该处离药包位置较远，应力波衰减到此处时能量较小，且由于比较靠近自由面，应力波反射，导致此处应力值较小，波形混乱。总的来说，距离炮孔越远，应力越小。
4　结论
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（1）在径向距离炮孔8 cm范围内，四种装药结构的应力值都呈幂指数衰减，测点距离炮孔越远，峰值应力越小。
（2）四种装药结构在轴向距离炮孔底部5 cm处的测点峰值应力比其余径向距离的峰值应力大，在轴向距离炮孔底部15 cm处的测点处，测点峰值应力最小，应力值呈线性变化，应力波衰减不明显。
（3）耦合连续装药结构的初始应力峰值最大，炮孔壁受到的初压以及最高压最大，炮孔壁过度粉碎，炮孔压力衰减得快，爆轰波作用于混凝土的时间较短；不耦合装药结构的初始峰值应力较小，爆轰波经过压缩性较强的不耦合介质，降低了孔壁初压，避免了孔壁过度破碎，孔内压力衰减的慢，延长了爆轰压力作用时间。
（4）耦合装药结构在破碎区消耗大量能量，介质破碎区范围比同条件不耦合装药结构大，且其能量传递不均匀，不耦合装药结构应力波衰减的较慢，能量传递均匀，爆破后介质块度均匀。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(52208384)
文献
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2024年第41卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.003
  • 接收时间：2024-04-01
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-01
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National Nsatural Science Foundation of China(52208384)
国家自然科学基金(52208384)
作者信息
    1.鞍钢基石矿业有限公司，鞍山　114047
    2.北京科技大学　土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083
    3.中国矿业大学（北京）　力学与土木工程学院，北京　100083
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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