Article(id=1241409512721142087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727280000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904692106, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904692106, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904692106, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904692106, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241409507583127593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904690881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904736091, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=145, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241409513241235790, articleId=1241409512721142087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=A Method for Collecting Bus Current of Electronic Detonators, columnId=1240702073851925013, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Abstract: A patented technology for bus current acquisition of electronic detonators is introduced, which uses a low-cost hardware solution to achieve high-precision and wide-range current acquisition. This technology is designed to monitor and acquire data related to the working current, communication current, charging current, and detonator bus current load for electronic detonators, thus enabling these devices' status monitoring, data communication, and bus protection. This system focuses on the innovative, low-cost circuit design concept and the methods employed to ensure high-precision, high-resolution, and wide-range current acquisition. The typical working current of the electronic detonator control module ranges between 10~30 uA, and data is transmitted to the detonation controller via a current carrier. The communication current typically falls within the 0.5~2 mA range, and the ignition energy storage capacitor is charged through the bus with a peak charging current of 1~2 mA. The detonation controller determines the working status of the electronic control module by acquiring bus current data, which includes communication and charging status, to determine the module's working condition. In the current acquisition method discussed, low-side resistors are used to sample the current, replacing a differential comparator with three low-cost operational amplifiers. Furthermore, a 12 bit AD converter integrated into the MCU replaces an external 16-bit AD converter, which reduces hardware costs by over 80%. By segmenting the current collection, the system maintains the required accuracy for small current sampling and expands the current sampling range by 30 times, covering the rated current of the bus. The absence of an external AD conversion module significantly improves the sampling efficiency.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU Yuan-yuan (1987-), male, engineer, graduate student, mainly engaged in research and development of electronic detonators, (E-mail) .
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介绍了一种电子雷管总线电流采集方法的专利技术,使用低成本的硬件方案,实现高精度、宽范围的电流采集。应用于电子雷管的工作电流、通讯电流、充电电流、雷管总线电流负载的采集,实现电子雷管的状态监测、数据通讯、总线保护等。重点论述低成本电路设计思想,实现高精度、高分辨率、宽范围的电流采集方法。电子雷管控制模块的工作电流一般为10~30 uA,通过电流载波方式向起爆控制器发送数据,通讯电流一般为0.5~2 mA,并通过总线为发火储能电容充电,充电峰值电流1~2 mA。起爆控制器通过采集总线电流,判断电子控制模块的工作状态、采集通讯数据、充电情况等。电子雷管总线电流采集方法,使用低边电阻对电流采样,通过3路低成本的运算放大器代替差分比较器,使用MCU内部集成的12 bit AD转换器代替外部16 bit AD转换器,硬件成本降低80%以上。通过将电流分段采集,既满足了小电流采样精度,又扩展电流采样范围30倍,电流采样可覆盖总线额定电流。因无需外部AD转换模块,采样效率显著提高。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘元元(1987-),男,工程师、研究生,从事电子雷管研发研究,(E-mail)
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唐全明(1983-),男,工程师、本科,从事电子雷管控制系统研究,(E-mail)

TANG Quan-ming (1983-), male, engineer, bachelor's degree, mainly engaged in electronic detonator control system, (E-mail) .

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唐全明(1983-),男,工程师、本科,从事电子雷管控制系统研究,(E-mail)

TANG Quan-ming (1983-), male, engineer, bachelor's degree, mainly engaged in electronic detonator control system, (E-mail) .

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唐全明(1983-),男,工程师、本科,从事电子雷管控制系统研究,(E-mail)

TANG Quan-ming (1983-), male, engineer, bachelor's degree, mainly engaged in electronic detonator control system, (E-mail) .

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China Explosive Materials Trade Association. T/CEMTA 2—2022 Industrial electronic detonator universal initiator[S]. 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409528672080516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409512721142087, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=杨祖一, 闫正斌, 张利洪, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨祖一, 闫正斌, 张利洪, 等. 中华人民共和国公安部. GA441—2003工业雷管编码通则[S]. 2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409528781132431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409512721142087, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=YANG Zu-yi, YAN Zheng-bin, ZHANG Li-hong, Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Zu-yi, YAN Zheng-bin, ZHANG Li-hong, et al. Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. GA441—2003 General code for industrial detonators[S]. 2003. 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GA1531—2018工业电子雷管信息管理通则[S]. 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409529120871079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409512721142087, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=QIAN Xiong-fei, YAN Zheng-bin, LUO Zhi-jian, Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAN Xiong-fei, YAN Zheng-bin, LUO Zhi-jian, et al. Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. GA1531—2018 General rules for information management of industrial electronic detonators[S]. 2018. 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GB 6722—2014爆破安全规程[S]. 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409529347363518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409512721142087, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=WANG Xu-guang, ZHENG Shou-xu, ZHANG Zheng-zhong, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration Committee, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xu-guang, ZHENG Shou-xu, ZHANG Zheng-zhong, et al. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration Committee. GB 6722—2014 Blasting safety regulations[S]. 2014. 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GB 7958—2014煤矿用电容式发爆器[S]. 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409529586438866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409512721142087, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=FU Shu-ling, ZHANG Xu, LI Zhe, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration Committee, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU Shu-ling, ZHANG Xu, LI Zhe, et al. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration Committee. GB 7958—2014 Capacitive explosive device for coal mine[S]. 2014. 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WJ/T 9042—2004工业电雷管静电感度试验方法[S]. 2004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241409529804542691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241409512721142087, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=XIA Bin, SONG Jia-liang, CHEN Zhi-lin, Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA Bin, SONG Jia-liang, CHEN Zhi-lin. Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. WJ/T 9042—2004 Test method of electrostatic sensitivity of industrial electric detonators[S]. 2004. 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Present situation and development of industrial detonator technology[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2003(3): 52-57. 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Design of online programmable electronic delay detonator[J]. Microcomputer and Application, 2011, 30(14): 84-86. 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Discussion on the application safety of industrial electronic detonator internal chip under coal mine[J]. Inner Mongolia Coal Economy, 2023(14): 89-91. 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Research on ignition module of digital electronic detonator[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2023. 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一种电子雷管总线电流采集方法
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唐全明 , 刘元元 , 李霞 , 钟毅 , 李颖
爆破 | 爆破器材 2024,41(4): 145-149
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爆破 | 爆破器材 2024, 41(4): 145-149
一种电子雷管总线电流采集方法
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唐全明 , 刘元元 , 李霞, 钟毅, 李颖
作者信息
  • 保融盛维(沈阳)科技有限公司,沈阳 110000
  • 唐全明(1983-),男,工程师、本科,从事电子雷管控制系统研究,(E-mail)

    TANG Quan-ming (1983-), male, engineer, bachelor's degree, mainly engaged in electronic detonator control system, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

刘元元(1987-),男,工程师、研究生,从事电子雷管研发研究,(E-mail)
A Method for Collecting Bus Current of Electronic Detonators
Quan-ming TANG , Yuan-yuan LIU , Xia LI, Yi ZHONG, Ying LI
Affiliations
  • Baorongshengwei (Shenyang) Technology Co, Ltd, Shenyang 110000, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.018
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介绍了一种电子雷管总线电流采集方法的专利技术,使用低成本的硬件方案,实现高精度、宽范围的电流采集。应用于电子雷管的工作电流、通讯电流、充电电流、雷管总线电流负载的采集,实现电子雷管的状态监测、数据通讯、总线保护等。重点论述低成本电路设计思想,实现高精度、高分辨率、宽范围的电流采集方法。电子雷管控制模块的工作电流一般为10~30 uA,通过电流载波方式向起爆控制器发送数据,通讯电流一般为0.5~2 mA,并通过总线为发火储能电容充电,充电峰值电流1~2 mA。起爆控制器通过采集总线电流,判断电子控制模块的工作状态、采集通讯数据、充电情况等。电子雷管总线电流采集方法,使用低边电阻对电流采样,通过3路低成本的运算放大器代替差分比较器,使用MCU内部集成的12 bit AD转换器代替外部16 bit AD转换器,硬件成本降低80%以上。通过将电流分段采集,既满足了小电流采样精度,又扩展电流采样范围30倍,电流采样可覆盖总线额定电流。因无需外部AD转换模块,采样效率显著提高。

电子雷管  /  小电流采集  /  起爆器  /  总线通讯  /  低成本

Abstract: A patented technology for bus current acquisition of electronic detonators is introduced, which uses a low-cost hardware solution to achieve high-precision and wide-range current acquisition. This technology is designed to monitor and acquire data related to the working current, communication current, charging current, and detonator bus current load for electronic detonators, thus enabling these devices' status monitoring, data communication, and bus protection. This system focuses on the innovative, low-cost circuit design concept and the methods employed to ensure high-precision, high-resolution, and wide-range current acquisition. The typical working current of the electronic detonator control module ranges between 10~30 uA, and data is transmitted to the detonation controller via a current carrier. The communication current typically falls within the 0.5~2 mA range, and the ignition energy storage capacitor is charged through the bus with a peak charging current of 1~2 mA. The detonation controller determines the working status of the electronic control module by acquiring bus current data, which includes communication and charging status, to determine the module's working condition. In the current acquisition method discussed, low-side resistors are used to sample the current, replacing a differential comparator with three low-cost operational amplifiers. Furthermore, a 12 bit AD converter integrated into the MCU replaces an external 16-bit AD converter, which reduces hardware costs by over 80%. By segmenting the current collection, the system maintains the required accuracy for small current sampling and expands the current sampling range by 30 times, covering the rated current of the bus. The absence of an external AD conversion module significantly improves the sampling efficiency.

electronic detonators  /  small current collection  /  detonator  /  bus communication  /  low cost
唐全明, 刘元元, 李霞, 钟毅, 李颖. 一种电子雷管总线电流采集方法. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (4) : 145 -149 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.018
Quan-ming TANG, Yuan-yuan LIU, Xia LI, Yi ZHONG, Ying LI. A Method for Collecting Bus Current of Electronic Detonators[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (4) : 145 -149 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.018
采用电子控制模块对起爆过程进行控制的电雷管,简称为电子雷管。电子控制模块置于电子雷管内部,内置雷管身份信息,具备雷管起爆延期时间控制和起爆控制功能,能对点火元件的通断状态进行测试,并能和起爆控制器及其他外部控制设备进行通讯的专用电路模块[1-4]。电子控制模块的工作电流一般为10~30 uA,通过电流载波方式向起爆控制器发送数据,通讯电流一般为0.5~2 mA,并通过总线为发火储能电容充电,充电峰值电流1~2 mA。起爆控制器通过采集总线电流,判断电子控制模块的工作状态、采集通讯数据、充电情况等。标准要求单台起爆器带载起爆网络,在回路电阻小于等于90Ω,单台起爆器带载量不小于400发电子雷管,因此起爆控制器总线额定电流应大于300 mA,电流采集范围大于20 mA,采样精度小于1 uA,既需要小电流的高精度,又需要宽泛的采样范围,对采样电路设计有较高要求[5-8]
根据中国爆破器材行业协会数据,2021年国内工业雷管产量9.9亿发,其中电子雷管产量1.64亿发,产量较去年同比增长40%。2022年国内电子雷管产量3.4亿发,同比增长113%。2023年国内电子雷管产量6.7亿发,同比增长97%。随着电子雷管产量不断增长,相关起爆控制器的用量也将随之有较大的增长。因此起爆控制器的成本、可靠性、精度将成为未来发展的一个焦点。
传统的起爆控制器总线电流采集方案电路方案如图1所示,采样电阻放置于高边,因总线电压最高为24 V,所以采样电压需经过差分比较器处理后,输出到AD转换器,再通过SPI接口将转换结果传输给MCU的方式实现。为满足应用需求,采样电阻、差分比较器、AD转换器的选型,需要兼顾高精度与采样范围的均衡。为减少采样电阻对总线负载能力的影响及降低采样电阻功率,采样电阻一般不大于10 Ω;为得到较高的电流分辨率,差分比较器增益一般大于40倍;为实现高速高精度电流转换结果,需选用16 bit/500 kSPS的模数转换器。例如,采样电阻5 Ω,差分比较器增益40,AD转换器16 bit/500 kSPS,参考电压4.096 V,电流采样范围:4.096 V÷40÷5Ω=20.48 mA,电流分辨率[9-11]:20.48 mA÷216=0.3125 uA。
(1)16 bit AD转换器转换精度高,硬件成本高。
(2)采样电阻位于高边,差分比较器输入耐压高,硬件成本高。
(3)AD转换速率500 kSPS,转换时间2 μs,SPI波特率以5 Mbit/s,16 bit需要3.2 μs,单次采样用时5.2 μs,采样效率低。
本设计对传统方案进行改进,使用低边电阻对电流采样,通过3路低成本的运算放大器代替差分比较器,使用MCU内部集成的12 bit AD转换器代替外部16 bit AD转换器,硬件成本降低80%以上。通过将电流分段采集,既满足了小电流采样精度,又扩展电流采样范围30倍,电流采样可覆盖总线额定电流。因无需外部AD转换模块,采样效率显著提高[12,13]
图2所示,采样电阻放置于低边,采样电压以低位参考平面,无需使用差分比较器,使用3路运算放大器设置不同增益,分别对采样信号进行放大,对采样信号进行分段处理。分段后的采样信号连接至MCU内部集成的AD转换器进行模数转换,无需使用外部高精度AD转换器,使硬件成本得到较大幅度下降[14,15]
采样电阻R10R11R12R13R14阻值选择1 Ω,当电流达到起爆器额定输出电流300 mA时,采样电阻功率=0.32×1Ω=0.09 W,可选择1/8 W 0805封装的采样电阻。最大采样输出电压=0.3 A×(1 Ω+1 Ω+1 Ω+1 Ω+1 Ω+1 Ω)=1.5 V,因此运算放大器的电源可选择与MCU电源相同的3.3 V,降低了运算放大器性能要求,可使用低成本高精度的运算放大器,例如低成本零温漂的TLV333。通用MCU均有集成12 bit AD转换器,并且有多路模拟输入通道,无需额外的AD转换芯片。
将总线电流分为小电流(0~1.65 mA)、通讯电流(0~33 mA)、保护电流(0~330 mA)三段进行采集。
(1)小电流0~1.65 mA,使用运算放大器U1对采样信号进行放大。U1电源电压为3.3 V,最大输出电压也为3.3 V,U1的放大倍数应为最大输出电压除以最大电流与采样电阻的乘积,U1的放大倍数=3.3 V÷(1.65 mA×5 Ω)=400。采样分辨率=1.65 mA÷212=0.4 uA。
(2)通讯电流0~33 mA,使用运算放大器U2对采样信号进行放大。U2电源电压为3.3 V,最大输出电压也为3.3 V,U2的放大倍数应为最大输出电压除以最大电流与采样电阻的乘积,U2的放大倍数=3.3 V÷(33 mA×5 Ω)=20。采样分辨率=33 mA÷212=8 uA。
(3)保护电流0~330 mA,使用运算放大器U3对采样信号进行放大。U3电源电压为3.3 V,最大输出电压也为3.3 V,U3的放大倍数应为最大输出电压除以最大电流与采样电阻的乘积,U3的放大倍数=3.3 V÷(330 mA×1 Ω)=10。采样分辨率=330 mA÷212=80 uA。
综上所述,通过将总线电流分为3段采集,兼顾小电流的高精度高分辨率与总线额定电流的全范围采集[16]
(1)12 bit AD转换器MCU内部集成,既满足采样精度需求,又无需额外的硬件成本。
(2)采样电阻位于低边,可使用低成本运算放大器,进一步降低硬件成本。
(3)单片机内部集成AD模块转换速率1 M SPS,转换时间1 μs,转换结果读取时间可忽略,单次采样用时1 μs,采样效率可提高5倍。
因电流信号分三段进行放大采集,每次采样时软件需对3路信号同时转换,通过AD结果所处的范围,判断使用哪一路进行电流计算。判断条件可设置为总线电流小于1.6 mA时,使用U1信号,记为AD1;总线电流大于等于1.6 mA且小于32 mA时,使用U3信号,记为AD2;总线电流大于等于32 mA时,使用U3信号,记为AD。软件处理流程如图3所示。
将电流计算公式进行如下推导简化,可提高软件代码效率。
(1)AD1计算公式,I=(AD1÷212)×3.3 V÷ 400÷5 Ω=AD1×1650÷4096(uA)。
(2)AD2计算公式,I=(AD2÷212)×3.3 V÷ 20÷5 Ω=AD2×33000÷4096(uA)。
(3)AD3计算公式,I=(AD3÷212)×3.3 V÷ 10÷1 Ω=AD3×330000÷4096(uA)。
通过对采样电阻位置的调整,将输入电压降到MCU系统电压范围以内,进而降低对运算放大电路性能的要求,实现降低成本的可能。通过对MCU集成AD转换器的合理应用,即实现了高精度的小电流采集,增大了电流采集范围,又使硬件成本实现可观的下降空间。
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2024年第41卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.018
  • 接收时间:2024-09-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-26
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    保融盛维(沈阳)科技有限公司,沈阳 110000

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刘元元(1987-),男,工程师、研究生,从事电子雷管研发研究,(E-mail)
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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