Article(id=1241409509214711854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709222400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904691270, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904691270, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904691270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904691270, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241409507583127593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904690881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904736091, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241409697262137711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241409507583127593, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=101, endPage=106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241409510783381556, articleId=1241409509214711854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Research and Application of Parametric Design Optimization Method for Medium-deep Holes in Underground Mines, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A parameterized hole placement design method for medium-depth holes was proposed to solve the problems of large subjectivity of manual interaction, cumbersome and complex adjustment of hole placement and difficulty in ensuring the uniformity of hole bottom distance. Firstly, a mathematical model in underground mines was constructed using the parameterized hole layout idea combined with the blasting boundary space constraints and blasting parameter requirements. Furthermore, the mathematical model was solved using the operation research method to get the optimal hole design on a digital mining software platform. Finally, the model was used in an underground mine. The result shows that the standard deviations of the bottom distance for the manually laid holes are 0.08 m, 0.10 m, 0.07 m and 0.07 m, respectively, while those for the automatically laid holes with the parameterized method are 0.02 m, 0.03 m, 0.02 m and 0.02 m, respectively. The hole laying time is shortened from 4 hours to 5 min. The proposed method significantly reduces the workload of the designing technicians and maximizes the guarantee of inter-hole laying between holes. It maximizes the uniformity of the bottom distance and avoids the randomness and errorprone nature.

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为解决地下矿中深孔布孔设计过程中人工交互主观性大、布孔调整繁琐复杂、孔底距均匀性难以保证等问题,提出一种地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法。总体思路为:结合爆破边界空间约束和爆破参数要求,运用参数化布孔设计思想构建地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计数学模型,并采用运筹学方法解算数学模型得到最优布孔设计。研究成果在数字采矿软件平台中开发实现,并应用于某地下矿中深孔布孔设计。试验研究表明:人工交互布孔孔底距标准差分别为0.08 m、0.10 m、0.07 m、0.07 m,参数化自动布孔分别为0.02 m、0.03 m、0.02 m、0.02 m,且布孔时间从4 h缩短至5 min。提出的地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法极大地减少了设计技术人员工作量,最大程度保障了炮孔间孔底距均匀性,避免人工设计的随意性和易错性。

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陈鑫(1990-),男,博士、高级工程师,从事数字矿山研究,(E-mail)

CHEN Xin (1990-), male, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in digital mine research, (E-mail) .

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陈鑫(1990-),男,博士、高级工程师,从事数字矿山研究,(E-mail)

CHEN Xin (1990-), male, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in digital mine research, (E-mail) .

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陈鑫(1990-),男,博士、高级工程师,从事数字矿山研究,(E-mail)

CHEN Xin (1990-), male, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in digital mine research, (E-mail) .

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地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法研究与应用
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陈鑫
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(4): 101-106
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(4): 101-106
地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法研究与应用
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陈鑫
作者信息
  • 长沙迪迈科技股份有限公司,长沙 410083
  • 陈鑫(1990-),男,博士、高级工程师,从事数字矿山研究,(E-mail)

    CHEN Xin (1990-), male, Ph. D, senior engineer, mainly engaged in digital mine research, (E-mail) .

Research and Application of Parametric Design Optimization Method for Medium-deep Holes in Underground Mines
Xin CHEN
Affiliations
  • DIMINE Co, Ltd, Changsha 410083, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.012
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为解决地下矿中深孔布孔设计过程中人工交互主观性大、布孔调整繁琐复杂、孔底距均匀性难以保证等问题,提出一种地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法。总体思路为:结合爆破边界空间约束和爆破参数要求,运用参数化布孔设计思想构建地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计数学模型,并采用运筹学方法解算数学模型得到最优布孔设计。研究成果在数字采矿软件平台中开发实现,并应用于某地下矿中深孔布孔设计。试验研究表明:人工交互布孔孔底距标准差分别为0.08 m、0.10 m、0.07 m、0.07 m,参数化自动布孔分别为0.02 m、0.03 m、0.02 m、0.02 m,且布孔时间从4 h缩短至5 min。提出的地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法极大地减少了设计技术人员工作量,最大程度保障了炮孔间孔底距均匀性,避免人工设计的随意性和易错性。

数字化矿山  /  中深孔  /  布孔设计  /  数学模型  /  参数化

A parameterized hole placement design method for medium-depth holes was proposed to solve the problems of large subjectivity of manual interaction, cumbersome and complex adjustment of hole placement and difficulty in ensuring the uniformity of hole bottom distance. Firstly, a mathematical model in underground mines was constructed using the parameterized hole layout idea combined with the blasting boundary space constraints and blasting parameter requirements. Furthermore, the mathematical model was solved using the operation research method to get the optimal hole design on a digital mining software platform. Finally, the model was used in an underground mine. The result shows that the standard deviations of the bottom distance for the manually laid holes are 0.08 m, 0.10 m, 0.07 m and 0.07 m, respectively, while those for the automatically laid holes with the parameterized method are 0.02 m, 0.03 m, 0.02 m and 0.02 m, respectively. The hole laying time is shortened from 4 hours to 5 min. The proposed method significantly reduces the workload of the designing technicians and maximizes the guarantee of inter-hole laying between holes. It maximizes the uniformity of the bottom distance and avoids the randomness and errorprone nature.

digital mining  /  medium-deep holes  /  perforation design  /  mathematical model  /  parameterization
陈鑫. 地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法研究与应用. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (4) : 101 -106 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.012
Xin CHEN. Research and Application of Parametric Design Optimization Method for Medium-deep Holes in Underground Mines[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (4) : 101 -106 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.012
在金属矿山地下开采过程中,凿岩爆破是关键性开采工序之一[1]。中深孔爆破技术因其高效率和低成本等优势,广泛运用于国内外地下矿山。对于采用中深孔爆破法回采的矿山,采矿设计技术人员需使用制图软件,根据实地情况进行大量重复爆破设计工作[2,3]。另外,布孔设计存在大量重复性工作费时费力,设计过程中人工交互调整方式仅能满足基本爆破设计参数要求,主观随意性较大[4]
鉴于此,国内学者对地下矿中深孔布孔设计方法做出一系列深入研究。刘益超等基于多源点最短路径方法[5],联合Floyd算法建立了扇形炮孔优化设计算法模型,解决了扇形排面布孔优化设计问题;郭进平等基于Dijkstra算法建立排面优化模型[1],基于Auto CAD程序二次开发程序,解决了双排起爆前提下扇形炮孔布孔优化设计问题;张耿城等基于改进ELM算法建立了地下矿爆破参数智能设计模型[6],可根据爆破区域的岩体力学参数实现各种复杂边界条件下的爆破智能设计;程良奎基于Delphi平台[7],综合运用专家系统原理、人工神经网络技术、模糊控制理论,建立了一套地下矿山中深孔爆破设计专家系统,经过现场实践证明,其爆破参数预测结果与现场实际相符;魏军等基于T-S模糊神经网络建立不同地下矿山爆破参数预测模型[8],建立起地下矿爆破参数与主控因素的非线性关系,其预测结果具有更高的准确性以及响应速度。
基于数学模型及算法,目前这些研究解决了中深孔布孔设计诸多问题[9]。为进一步提高爆破效果,满足炮孔间孔底距尽量均匀的要求,针对地下矿山中深孔参数化布孔设计方法展开研究。
目前中深孔爆破技术广泛应用于国内外地下矿山,其布孔设计方法常通过人工交互设计,调整过程复杂、操作繁琐、受设计人员经验影响较大[10]。同时,该设计工作盲目性大,难以找到最优布孔设计方案[11,12]。从而导致孔底距波动性大、设计反复调整,极大地降低了设计人员工作效率。因此,提出一种地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法。
基于中深孔爆破特点及相关规程规范,设置中深孔布孔参数[13-15]。布孔参数包括:最大孔深、孔底距、孔底距容差、炮孔孔底至矿岩分界面、采空区边界巷道边界及爆破边界的距离、左右侧边孔角度。结合现场实际条件,合理设置中深孔布孔参数是指导布孔设计模型建立的重要依据。
基于参数化设计思想构建地下矿中深孔布孔设计数学模型。将中深孔布孔作业参数化,输入布孔基本参数信息及布孔作业过程中涉及的诸多逻辑及业务约束条件,经计算机计算输出布孔设计结果,实现布孔设计过程自动化。模型包括:参数、可行域的索引、决策变量、目标函数和约束条件等。
利用有限元法,基于地下矿中深孔布孔参数空间几何关系,进行模型的可行域搜索。通过试验及多次调参对比,考虑计算设备能力及结果要求精度,设置合理的布孔设计精度。结合钻机机芯点位置及爆破空间范围,对模型的所有可行解进行平面二维搜索。
利用计算机编程,通过运筹优化求算器解算地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计数学模型。对于大规模及复杂布孔设计任务,求解器解算能带来显著的时间节省和高质量的结果收敛。通过模型解算结果确定最优中深孔参数化布孔设计结果。
基于参数化设计思想构建了地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计数学模型。其内容包括:可行域集合、集合的索引、集合的元素、参数、决策变量、目标函数和约束条件等。
其中,可行域集合包括:炮孔可行域集合Hα、炮孔可行域集合的第一个子集,炮孔可行域集合的第二个子集、所有可行炮孔角度集合α
集合的索引包括:可行域集合Hα元素及角度的索引i、第一个子集元素索引p、第二个子集元素的索引q元素及角度的索引j
参数包括:最大孔深dh max、孔底距dhe、孔底距容差dht、炮孔孔底至矿岩分界面的距离dho、炮孔孔底至采空区边界的距离dhm、炮孔孔底至巷道边界的距离dhl、炮孔孔底至爆破边界的距离hjb、左侧边孔角度αl、右侧边孔角度αr
Hα中的任意元素hi构建第一个子集中任意元素满足以下2个条件
式中,表示hi之间的孔底距。
Hα中的任意元素hi构建第二个子集中的任意元素满足以下2个条件
式中,表示hi之间的孔底距。
决策变量包括:
:第i个炮孔孔底距与平均孔底距的正偏差。
:第i个炮孔孔底距与平均孔底距的负偏差。
目标函数
模型约束包括:
决策变量逻辑性约束
左右侧炮孔约束
式中,n为搜索空间中炮孔元素hi的最大个数。
最大孔间距炮孔个数约束
炮孔孔底距均匀性约束
基于参数化设计思想构建了一地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计数学模型。模型的目标是确保各炮孔的孔底距与平均孔底距正负偏差最小化。
模型包括多个约束条件。其中,公式(5~7)为决策变量逻辑约束。公式(5)确保了决策变量x只能取0或1,即炮孔元素hi必然存在或不存在布孔方案中。公式(6)确定了炮孔孔底距与平均孔底距正负偏差必然为正。公式(7)确定了炮孔孔底距必然在其上下容差范围内。
公式(8)为左右侧炮孔约束,即按左右侧边孔角度αlαr绘制的炮孔必定为最终布孔方案的炮孔。公式(9)为最大孔间距炮孔个数约束,即在最大孔间距范围内必然存在至少一个炮孔。公式(10)为炮孔孔底距均匀性约束,即最终布孔方案的孔间孔底距和为平均孔底距乘以最终布孔个数。
设布孔设计精度为the,结合钻机机芯点坐标(xd0yd0zd0)和爆破空间范围,搜索炮孔可行域集合Hα,其流程如图1所示。
其中,以机芯点坐标(xd0yd0zd0)为起点,以αtemp做射线求得hi起终点的具体步骤内容为:求射线与巷道边界的第一个交点(xd1yd1zd1)。并将该交点作为元素hi的起点,进一步求射线与矿岩分界面、采空区边界、爆破边界或其他巷道边界任意对象的第一个交点(xd2yd2zd2)。
当交点(xd2yd2zd2)是射线与矿岩分界面的交点时,交点沿射线前进方向延伸dho,并将该交点作为元素hi的终点;当交点(xd2yd2zd2)是射线与采空区边界的交点时,交点沿射线前进方向后退dhm,并将该交点作为元素hi的终点;当交点(xd2yd2zd2)是射线与爆破边界的交点时,交点沿射线前进方向后退dhb,并将该交点作为元素hi的终点;当交点(xd2yd2zd2)是射线与其他巷道边界的交点时,交点沿射线前进方向后退dhl,并将该交点作为元素hi的终点。
某地下矿山东采区100中段130分段矿块顶板岩性为矽卡岩、灰岩,矿块底板岩性为矽卡岩、砂岩,岩性完整性一般,从整体上看底板岩性优于顶板。矿块内局部断层裂隙发育,部分断层可见滴水和断层填充物,受断层破坏影响,断层附近区域岩性较为破碎,但对矿体赋存体形态影响较小。矿块地质储量为18.26万t,矿石品位TFe=43.22%,MFe=38.01%。
本采场采矿方法为分段凿岩阶段落矿空场采矿法。设计在115 m分段布置底部结构,各分段爆下矿石在底部结构出矿。每隔2 m设计一炮排排位,共计28排。按照目前CAD手工交互设计模式,时间在4 h以上。作业效率低、布孔调整过程繁琐。并且地下中深孔爆破布孔设计分段、分采场,导致文件的整理及分析溯源工作困难。另外,人工设计工作时间较长,无法保证设计结果实时输出与及时调整。
以该矿山东采区100中段130分段2~5#采场为例,针对中深孔布孔设计的人工交互操作繁琐、难以实现最优化布置,从而导致设计作业效率低、孔底距波动性大、爆破效果受限等问题,提出一种地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法。基于数字采矿软件平台DIMINE软件开发,实现了该功能。利用Hoops三维引擎进行矿山数字化三维显示,得到东采区2~5#采场地质资源及井下开拓三维模型,如图2所示。
矿山布孔设计参数包括:最大孔深20 m、孔底距2.0 m、孔底距容差0.2 m、炮孔孔底至矿岩分界面的距离0.5 m、炮孔孔底至采空区边界的距离0.5 m、炮孔孔底至巷道边界的距离0.5 m、炮孔孔底至爆破边界的距离0.5 m、左侧边孔角度45°、右侧边孔角度135°。通过以上参数构建数学模型。该地下矿中深孔爆破设计范围,如图3所示。
设布孔设计精度为0.01 m,结合钻机机芯点坐标和爆破空间范围,搜索炮孔可行域,以可行域中的第1个炮孔为例,构建第一个子集,如图4所示;构建第二个子集,如图5所示。
建立布孔设计数学模型,可行域搜索及关系构建,采用运筹学方法解算上述数学模型,得到xi值为1对应的炮孔即最终布孔方案中的炮孔,xi值为0的炮孔不是最终布孔方案中的炮孔。得到最终布孔方案,如图6所示。
其他排位线的布孔方案重复上述逻辑设计。在28个排位线布孔结果中,以其中4个排位线炮孔设计为例,参数化布孔设计与手动设计孔间距均匀性对比结果,如图7所示。
图7中可看出,4个炮排人工手动布孔孔底距标准差分别为0.08 m、0.10 m、0.07 m、0.07 m,参数化自动布孔分别为0.02 m、0.03 m、0.02 m、0.02 m。参数化自动布孔孔间距偏差远小于人工手动布孔,满足工程设计要求。按照参数化设计布孔方式,一个进路共28个炮排布孔设计时间在5 min内,远小于人工手动布孔4 h。结果显示,参数化布孔设计方法布孔速度快,结果稳定,各炮孔孔底距与平均孔底距偏差最小化。
1)基于参数化布孔设计思想,构建了地下矿参数化布孔设计数学模型,运用于地下矿中深孔布孔设计。
2)将本文提出的地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法应用于某矿山中深孔布孔设计试验,以其中1个进路4个炮排为例,结果显示,人工手动布孔孔底距标准差分别为0.08 m、0.10 m、0.07 m、0.07 m,参数化自动布孔分别为0.02 m、0.03 m、0.02 m、0.02 m,且布孔时间从4 h缩短至5 min。
3)提出的地下矿中深孔参数化布孔设计方法最大程度保障了各炮孔间孔底距均匀性,且布孔设计时间大幅缩短,极大地降低了采矿设计技术人员工作量,提高了设计工作效率。
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2024年第41卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.04.012
  • 接收时间:2024-03-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-01
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    长沙迪迈科技股份有限公司,长沙 410083
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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