首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1241355808538161827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1661788800000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773891888030, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1701360000000, pubDateStr=2023-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773891888030, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773891888030, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773891888030, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241355799189058005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773891885801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773898068569, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=20, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241355808919843515, articleId=1241355808538161827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Influence of Detonator Layout on Frequency Spectrum of Blasting Vibration with Electronic Initiation, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Blasting is widely used in tunnel engineering as a large scale and high efficiency method of rock breakage, but it inevitably brings some bad effects to the adjacent structures and surrounding rocks, among which blasting vibration is the first. Electronic detonator initiation can realize the active control of blasting vibration intensity and spectrum due to its accurate delay, high reliability and safety, which is an effective means to reduce the seismic effect of blasting. In order to explore the influence of the location and number of electronic detonators on the frequency spectrum of blasting vibration, field tests and numerical calculations were combined. The main frequency characteristics of blasting vibration are summarized for five different initiation locations, including the bottom of the charge, the top of the charge, the middle of the charge, simultaneous initiation at the top and bottom of the charge, and simultaneous initiation at two points evenly distributed in the charge section. Based on the spectrum expression of blasting vibration in viscoelastic medium, the characteristics of blasting loads under different working conditions were analyzed from the perspective of superposition of blasting sources, which was used to reveal the influence of detonator arrangement on blasting vibration frequency spectrum. The results show that the initiation conditions are ranked as simultaneous initiation of two uniformly distributed points, middle initiation, simultaneous initiation at the top and bottom, top initiation and bottom initiation, in the order of vibration frequency from largest to smallest. Multiple detonators actually divide the whole charge into several segments, which is equivalent to superposition of multiple sub-explosive sources. Changing the location or number of detonators is essentially to detonate the entire charge in segments at the same time. The more segments, the length of sub-explosive source charge and the detonation process are shorter, which means the energy release rate of explosives and the blasting vibration frequency are higher, and the rise of explosion load is faster. In addition, with the increase of distance to blast source, the influence of detonator position on blasting vibration frequency converges.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-ru ZHOU, Wen-bo LU, Lu-jun CAI, Liang WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241355814049477627, articleId=1241355808538161827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=CN, title=电子起爆条件下雷管布置对爆破振动频谱的影响研究, columnId=1240702071876407780, journalTitle=爆破, columnName=理论与技术探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

爆破作为大规模、高效益的破岩方法，在隧道工程中广泛应用，但不可避免地给邻近建构筑物和围岩带来一些不良影响，其中以爆破振动为首。电子雷管起爆延时精确、安全可靠，可以实现对爆破振动强度与频谱的主动控制，是降低爆破地震效应的有效手段。为探究电子起爆条件下雷管位置和数量对爆破振动频谱的影响，通过现场试验和数值计算相结合的方法，归纳总结了起爆点分别位于靠近装药段底部、装药段顶部、装药段中部、装药段顶部底部同时起爆、装药段均匀分布两起爆点同时起爆五种不同起爆条件的爆破振动主频特征；基于黏弹性介质爆破振动频谱表达式，从爆源叠加的角度通过分析不同工况中的爆炸荷载特征，研究了不同起爆点工况下爆破振动的频谱特性，从机理上揭示了雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响机制与规律。结果表明：装药段均匀分布两起爆点同时起爆条件下爆破振动频率最高，中点起爆和顶部底部同时起爆次之，顶部、底部单点起爆最低。改变雷管位置或数量实质上是将整个装药段分段同时引爆，等效为多个子爆源叠加，分段越多，子爆源装药长度越短，爆轰过程缩短，炸药在孔内的能量释放率提高，爆炸荷载上升速率越快，爆破振动频率越高。随着爆心距的增大，雷管位置对爆破振动频率的影响收敛。研究结论对基于爆破振动频率控制的起爆方案优选具有指导意义，在隧道开挖等地下工程具有广泛的应用前景。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8XWMtZvBN1DPHpgxU3yFPA==, magXml=oIi+4PFchQ4CcTXy7wpV2A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+vrJtCk8Uj7JGZNXfG2sXQ==, pdfFileSize=7679625, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=QyKCbWZwAQaZsB2ZLOllbw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=IQkC78QAxwhOMVUjGSmOAw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

周俊汝（1990-），女，博士、副教授、硕士生导师，主要从事工程爆破方面的科研工作，（E-mail）

ZHOU Jun-ru (1990-), female, Ph. D, Associate professor, master's supervisor, mainly engaged in research and practice of engineering blasting and rock mechanics, (E-mail) .

, authorsList=周俊汝, 卢文波, 蔡路军, 吴亮)}, authors=[Author(id=1241355815983050791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhjr@whu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241355816129851443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, authorId=1241355815983050791, language=EN, stringName=Jun-ru ZHOU, firstName=Jun-ru, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241355816238903359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, authorId=1241355815983050791, language=CN, stringName=周俊汝, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065, bio={"content":"

周俊汝（1990-），女，博士、副教授、硕士生导师，主要从事工程爆破方面的科研工作，（E-mail）

ZHOU Jun-ru (1990-), female, Ph. D, Associate professor, master's supervisor, mainly engaged in research and practice of engineering blasting and rock mechanics, (E-mail) .

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

周俊汝（1990-），女，博士、副教授、硕士生导师，主要从事工程爆破方面的科研工作，（E-mail）

ZHOU Jun-ru (1990-), female, Ph. D, Associate professor, master's supervisor, mainly engaged in research and practice of engineering blasting and rock mechanics, (E-mail) .

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241355814284357646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355814292746255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355814284357646, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355814296940561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355814284357646, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065)])]), Author(id=1241355816356343879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241355816444424273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, authorId=1241355816356343879, language=EN, stringName=Wen-bo LU, firstName=Wen-bo, middleName=null, lastName=LU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241355816519921753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, authorId=1241355816356343879, language=CN, stringName=卢文波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.武汉大学　水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，武汉　430072, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241355815873998881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355815882387488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355815873998881, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355815890776097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355815873998881, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.武汉大学　水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，武汉　430072)])]), Author(id=1241355816612196452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241355816696082545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, authorId=1241355816612196452, language=EN, stringName=Lu-jun CAI, firstName=Lu-jun, middleName=null, lastName=CAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241355816792551541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, authorId=1241355816612196452, language=CN, stringName=蔡路军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241355814284357646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355814292746255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355814284357646, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355814296940561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355814284357646, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065)])]), Author(id=1241355816905797757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241355817027432581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, authorId=1241355816905797757, language=EN, stringName=Liang WU, firstName=Liang, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241355817115512976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, authorId=1241355816905797757, language=CN, stringName=吴亮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241355814284357646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355814292746255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355814284357646, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355814296940561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355814284357646, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241355817237147802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=drilling and blasting), Keyword(id=1241355817354588329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=blasting vibration), Keyword(id=1241355817438474414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=layout of detonator), Keyword(id=1241355817543332023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=vibration frequency), Keyword(id=1241355817652383936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=blasting load), Keyword(id=1241355817740464330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=钻孔爆破), Keyword(id=1241355817845321937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=爆破振动), Keyword(id=1241355817929208025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=雷管布置), Keyword(id=1241355818017288420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=振动频率), Keyword(id=1241355818109563114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=爆炸荷载)], refs=[Reference(id=1241355822643605932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=281, pageEnd=287, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=胡帅伟, 陈士海, journalName=岩土力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡帅伟, 陈士海. 爆破振动下围岩支护锚杆动力响应解析解[J]. 岩土力学, 2019, 40(1): 281-287., articleTitle=爆破振动下围岩支护锚杆动力响应解析解, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355822761046451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=281, pageEnd=287, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=HU S, CHEN S H, journalName=Rock and Soil Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU S, CHEN S H. Analytical solution of dynamic response of rock bolt under blasting vibration[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2019, 40(1): 281-287. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analytical solution of dynamic response of rock bolt under blasting vibration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355822870098362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=68, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=费鸿禄, 王振达, 蒋安俊, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=费鸿禄, 王振达, 蒋安俊, 等. 地铁隧道爆破振动对地面的影响规律研究[J]. 爆破, 2018, 35(3): 68-73., articleTitle=地铁隧道爆破振动对地面的影响规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355822962373057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=68, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=FEI H L, WANG Z D, JIANG A J, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FEI H L, WANG Z D, JIANG A J, et al. Study on influence of blasting vibration on ground of metro tunnel[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(3): 68-73. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on influence of blasting vibration on ground of metro tunnel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355823096590793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=5, issue=1, pageStart=27, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=MOVAHEDI M, KOKABI A H, REIHANI S M S, journalName=Bulletin of Engineering Geology & the Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOVAHEDI M, KOKABI A H, REIHANI S M S, et al. Prediction and optimization of back-break and rock fragmentation using an artificial neural network and a bee colony algorithm[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology & the Environment, 2016, 5(1): 27-36., articleTitle=Prediction and optimization of back-break and rock fragmentation using an artificial neural network and a bee colony algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355823184671180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=67, issue=7, pageStart=1951, pageEnd=1959, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LU W B, LUO Y, CHEN M, journalName=Environmental Earth Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU W B, LUO Y, CHEN M, et al. An introduction to Chinese safety regulations for blasting vibration[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2012, 67(7): 1951-1959., articleTitle=An introduction to Chinese safety regulations for blasting vibration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355823289528786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=23, issue=4, pageStart=337, pageEnd=343, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Knock C, Davies N, journalName=Shock Waves, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Knock C, Davies N. Blast waves from cylindrical charges[J]. Shock Waves, 2013, 23(4): 337-343., articleTitle=Blast waves from cylindrical charges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355823394386392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=245, pageEnd=254, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=LENG Zhen-dong, LU Wen-bo, CHEN Ming, journalName=International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LENG Zhen-dong, LU Wen-bo, CHEN Ming, et al. Explosion energy transmission under side initiation and its effect on rock fragmentation[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2016, 86: 245-254., articleTitle=Explosion energy transmission under side initiation and its effect on rock fragmentation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355824904335838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=2, issue=33, pageStart=5, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=王林桂, 孙鹏昌, 沙广, journalName=水电与新能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王林桂, 孙鹏昌, 沙广, 等. 基于孔内起爆位置调整的台阶爆破根底控制方法探讨[J]. 水电与新能源, 2019, 2(33): 5-8., articleTitle=基于孔内起爆位置调整的台阶爆破根底控制方法探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825017582052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=2, issue=33, pageStart=5, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=WANG L G, SUN P C, SHA G, journalName=Hydropower and New Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L G, SUN P C, SHA G. On the control of toe rocks in bench blasting based on detonator positon adjustment in blast holes[J]. Hydropower and New Energy, 2019, 2(33): 5-8. (in Chinese), articleTitle=On the control of toe rocks in bench blasting based on detonator positon adjustment in blast holes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825109856742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=111, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=LONG Y, ZHONG M, XIE Q, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LONG Y, ZHONG M, XIE Q, et al. Influence of initiation point position on fragmentation by blasting in iron ore[C]//Fragblast 10, 2013, 111-116., articleTitle=Influence of initiation point position on fragmentation by blasting in iron ore, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825218908651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=张宝平, 张庆明, 黄风雷, journalName=爆轰物理学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张宝平, 张庆明, 黄风雷. 爆轰物理学[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2001., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825327960558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=33, issue=2, pageStart=74, pageEnd=77, 91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=吴超, 周传波, 路世伟, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴超, 周传波, 路世伟, 等. 柱状装药不同起爆方式的数值模拟研究[J]. 爆破, 2016, 33(2): 74-77, 91., articleTitle=柱状装药不同起爆方式的数值模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825416040948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=33, issue=2, pageStart=74, pageEnd=77, 91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=WU C, ZHOU C B, LU S W, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU C, ZHOU C B, LU S W, et al. Numerical simulation on cylindrical charged explosives with different initiation[J]. Blasting, 2016, 33(2): 74-77, 91. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical simulation on cylindrical charged explosives with different initiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825508315638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=1624, pageEnd=1628, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=14, authorNames=向文飞, 舒大强, 朱传云, journalName=岩石力学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=向文飞, 舒大强, 朱传云. 起爆方式对条形药包爆炸应力场的影响分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(9): 1624-1628., articleTitle=起爆方式对条形药包爆炸应力场的影响分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825608978940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=1624, pageEnd=1628, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=XIANG W F, SHU D Q, ZHU C Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIANG W F, SHU D Q, ZHU C Y. Impacts of detonating mode on blast stress field of linear explosive charge[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(9): 1624-1628. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Impacts of detonating mode on blast stress field of linear explosive charge, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825722225151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=248, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=龚敏, 黎剑华, journalName=北京科技大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龚敏, 黎剑华. 延长药包不同位置起爆时的应力场[J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2002, 24(3): 248-253., articleTitle=延长药包不同位置起爆时的应力场, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825814499843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=248, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=GONG M, LI J H, journalName=Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG M, LI J H. A research on stress field of column and strip-shaped charge in different detonated points[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2002, 24(3): 248-253. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A research on stress field of column and strip-shaped charge in different detonated points, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825906774535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=37, issue=9, pageStart=8, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=高启栋, 卢文波, 冷振东, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高启栋, 卢文波, 冷振东, 等. 隧洞开挖过程中掏槽孔起爆位置的优选[J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(9): 8-16., articleTitle=隧洞开挖过程中掏槽孔起爆位置的优选, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355825978077709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=37, issue=9, pageStart=8, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=GAO Q D, LU W B, LENG Z D, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Q D, LU W B, LENG Z D, et al. Optimization of cut-hole's detonating position in tunnel excavation[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(9): 8-16. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Optimization of cut-hole's detonating position in tunnel excavation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826116489747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=87, issue=null, pageStart=81, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Triviño L F, Mohanty B, Milkereit B, journalName=Journal of Applied Geophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Triviño L F, Mohanty B, Milkereit B. Seismic waveforms from explosive sources located in boreholes and initiated in different directions[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2012, 87: 81-93., articleTitle=Seismic waveforms from explosive sources located in boreholes and initiated in different directions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826221347346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=50, pageEnd=55, 100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=冷振东, 刘亮, 周旺潇, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冷振东, 刘亮, 周旺潇, 等. 起爆位置对台阶爆破爆堆形态影响的离散元分析[J]. 爆破, 2018, 35(2): 50-55, 100., articleTitle=起爆位置对台阶爆破爆堆形态影响的离散元分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826301039128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=50, pageEnd=55, 100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=22, authorNames=LENG Z D, LIU L, ZHOU W X, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LENG Z D, LIU L, ZHOU W X, et al. Numerical investigation of initiation points on muckpile profile in bench blasting[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(2): 50-55, 100. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical investigation of initiation points on muckpile profile in bench blasting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826401702423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=23, issue=11, pageStart=2951, pageEnd=2957, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=23, authorNames=LIU K, LI X, LI X, journalName=Journal of Central South University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU K, LI X, LI X, et al. Characteristics and mechanisms of strain waves generated in rock by cylindrical explosive charges[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2016, 23(11): 2951-2957., articleTitle=Characteristics and mechanisms of strain waves generated in rock by cylindrical explosive charges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826523337242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=35, issue=S1, pageStart=2758, pageEnd=2765, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=24, authorNames=朱强, 陈明, 郑炳旭, journalName=岩石力学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱强, 陈明, 郑炳旭, 等. 空气间隔装药预裂爆破岩体损伤分布特征及控制技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(S1): 2758-2765., articleTitle=空气间隔装药预裂爆破岩体损伤分布特征及控制技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826611417630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=35, issue=S1, pageStart=2758, pageEnd=2765, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=ZHU Q, CHEN M, ZHENG B X, journalName=Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Q, CHEN M, ZHENG B X, et al. Distribution and control technology of rock damage induced by air-deck charge presplitting blasting[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(S1): 2758-2765. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Distribution and control technology of rock damage induced by air-deck charge presplitting blasting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826703692322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=33, issue=11, pageStart=2171, pageEnd=2178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=26, authorNames=周俊汝, 卢文波, 张乐, journalName=岩石力学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周俊汝, 卢文波, 张乐, 等. 爆破地震波传播过程的振动频率衰减规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(11): 2171-2178., articleTitle=爆破地震波传播过程的振动频率衰减规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826787578408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=33, issue=11, pageStart=2171, pageEnd=2178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=ZHOU J R, LU W B, ZHANG L, journalName=Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU J R, LU W B, ZHANG L, et al. Attenuation of vibration frequency during propagation of blasting seismic wave[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(11): 2171-2178. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Attenuation of vibration frequency during propagation of blasting seismic wave, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826896630314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=12, pageStart=93, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=闫鸿浩, 赵碧波, 李晓杰, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=闫鸿浩, 赵碧波, 李晓杰. 改良型中深孔爆破振动频率研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2017, 36(12): 93-98., articleTitle=改良型中深孔爆破振动频率研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355826997293615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=12, pageStart=93, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=YAN H H, ZHAO B B, LI X J, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN H H, ZHAO B B, LI X J. The study of blasting vibration frequency on modified middle-deep hole[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2017, 36(12): 93-98. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The study of blasting vibration frequency on modified middle-deep hole, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241355822404530589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, awardId=51909196, language=EN, fundingSource=Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(51909196), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241355822513582500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, awardId=51909196, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(51909196), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241355814284357646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355814292746255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355814284357646, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355814296940561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355814284357646, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241355815873998881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355815882387488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355815873998881, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241355815890776097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, companyId=1241355815873998881, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.武汉大学　水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，武汉　430072)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241355818231197940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Exploration tunnel of blasting test, figureFileSmall=k7q1IBMsdtzvsaOzE/VnvQ==, figureFileBig=QyKCbWZwAQaZsB2ZLOllbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355818310889724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图1, caption=爆破试验探洞, figureFileSmall=k7q1IBMsdtzvsaOzE/VnvQ==, figureFileBig=QyKCbWZwAQaZsB2ZLOllbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355818583519505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The schematic diagram of the free face of each hole in the process of hole-by-hole initiation, figureFileSmall=SxmKNToXulESpb6dkulsRw==, figureFileBig=hVMam0hcVtPNgFLVMCt6Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355818663211290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图2, caption=逐孔起爆过程中各孔的临空面示意图

Ⅰ-1：一个自由面1；Ⅰ-2：两个自由面；Ⅰ-3：两个自由面；Ⅱ-1：两个自由面；Ⅱ-2：三个自由面；II-3：四个自由面

, figureFileSmall=SxmKNToXulESpb6dkulsRw==, figureFileBig=hVMam0hcVtPNgFLVMCt6Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355818776457503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Schematic diagram of blasting test design (unit: m), figureFileSmall=QKIQypIkeWU/UhS+chgFLw==, figureFileBig=Jo3Mn8QVB2e6hh+DcEtTOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355820332544293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图3, caption=爆破试验设计示意图（单位：m）, figureFileSmall=QKIQypIkeWU/UhS+chgFLw==, figureFileBig=Jo3Mn8QVB2e6hh+DcEtTOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355820508705067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The eigenfrequency of blasting vibration of Ⅰ-3 and Ⅱ-1, figureFileSmall=w5z71jaaGoHnNkRxeSMtLQ==, figureFileBig=vaYRD4nWIqvXl69WZJPbcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355820596785457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Ⅰ-3和Ⅱ-1号两孔爆破振动特征频率, figureFileSmall=w5z71jaaGoHnNkRxeSMtLQ==, figureFileBig=vaYRD4nWIqvXl69WZJPbcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355820676477239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Finite element numerical model, figureFileSmall=zmRyAAxsJiHVi92qeGzp1w==, figureFileBig=n7FR2QXderNNxEWGFUhAXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355820772946239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图5, caption=有限元数值模型, figureFileSmall=zmRyAAxsJiHVi92qeGzp1w==, figureFileBig=n7FR2QXderNNxEWGFUhAXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355820869415234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Schematic diagram of five detonation methods, figureFileSmall=vOcU/u8LWmGbgleDEaVnZA==, figureFileBig=3iTasvXpnU3THvBv8zLXkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355820944912712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图6, caption=五种雷管布置方案示意图

炮孔A-孔底起爆，炮孔B-孔口起爆，炮孔C-中点起爆，炮孔D-孔底孔口起爆，炮孔E-两点起爆

, figureFileSmall=vOcU/u8LWmGbgleDEaVnZA==, figureFileBig=3iTasvXpnU3THvBv8zLXkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355821104296269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Attenuation of blasting vibration main frequency fd and centroid frequency fc under five detonation modes, figureFileSmall=aUICvnZWJ1Bible9Bn+BLQ==, figureFileBig=KlXO4LkVm48FG/VgxqPh1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355821204959569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图7, caption=五种雷管布置工况下爆破振动主频fd及质心频率fc的衰减, figureFileSmall=aUICvnZWJ1Bible9Bn+BLQ==, figureFileBig=KlXO4LkVm48FG/VgxqPh1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355821280457049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Load monitoring points on the wall of the blast hole (unit: m), figureFileSmall=qvLczAMEJJ32JH281xSz5w==, figureFileBig=rz+BAGBQ9o4+L416EPj9eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355821368537436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图8, caption=炮孔壁荷载监测点（单位：m）, figureFileSmall=qvLczAMEJJ32JH281xSz5w==, figureFileBig=rz+BAGBQ9o4+L416EPj9eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355821452423523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Pressure rise process of each measuring point under different detonation modes, figureFileSmall=jHioGTXijrbFIxReE1eXkQ==, figureFileBig=OWb6y4Recaj9kJCaFjYdsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355821565669737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同雷管布置工况下各测点的压力上升过程, figureFileSmall=jHioGTXijrbFIxReE1eXkQ==, figureFileBig=OWb6y4Recaj9kJCaFjYdsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355821729247603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Calculation parameters of explosives

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/（kg·m-3）爆速/（m·s-1）A/GPaB/GPaR1R2ω
10503850209.73.55.81.290.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241355821846688121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

炸药计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/（kg·m-3）爆速/（m·s-1）A/GPaB/GPaR1R2ω
10503850209.73.55.81.290.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241355821964128641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Calculation parameters of rock mass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/（k g·m-3）杨氏模量/GPa泊松比ν屈服强度/MPa切线模量/GPa
275060.50.227036.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241355822060597640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩体计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/（k g·m-3）杨氏模量/GPa泊松比ν屈服强度/MPa切线模量/GPa
275060.50.227036.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241355822182232463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Global increment GFIN of blasting vibration frequency under different detonation modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷管布置孔口中点孔口孔底两点
GFIN/%-0.9428.9031.1040.20
), ArticleFig(id=1241355822287090072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808538161827, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同雷管布置工况下爆破振动频率全局增量GFIN

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷管布置孔口中点孔口孔底两点
GFIN/%-0.9428.9031.1040.20
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1240670582996512777, delFlag=0, nameCn=爆破, nameEn=Blasting, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-487X, eissn=null, cn=42-1164/TJ, coden=null, periodic=2, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=WY0TpbOLkpEy0LB1gxLRkA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Blasting, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773728517534, updatedTime=1773729027907, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=B, firstLetterEn=B, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=WY0TpbOLkpEy0LB1gxLRkA==, picEn=WihllgjTVpaoKPVK01wkxA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1240672723748311401, language=CN, name=爆破, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773729027926, updatedTime=1773729027926, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1240672723802837354, language=EN, name=Blasting, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773729027939, updatedTime=1773729027939, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1240670690148397066, websiteList=[Website(id=1240673414420156779, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240670690148397066, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773729192595, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773729402692, updateBy=18614031015, name=爆破-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=爆破, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240674340283404702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773729413338, updateTime=1773729413338, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340258238875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773729413332, updateTime=1773729413332, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340304376225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729413343, updateTime=1773729413343, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340249850266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/file/pic?fileId=6aWE5pjR/O5nMmPAr6vERA==, createTime=1773729413330, updateTime=1773729413330, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340316959139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729413346, updateTime=1773729413346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340275016093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773729413336, updateTime=1773729413336, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340312764834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729413345, updateTime=1773729413345, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340266627484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773729413334, updateTime=1773729413334, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340287599007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773729413340, updateTime=1773729413340, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340295987616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773729413341, updateTime=1773729413341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1240673414491459949, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240670690148397066, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773729192612, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773729407178, updateBy=18614031015, name=爆破-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Blasting, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240674360592224680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773729418180, updateTime=1773729418180, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360571253157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773729418175, updateTime=1773729418175, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360609001899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729418184, updateTime=1773729418184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360562864548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN/file/pic?fileId=6aWE5pjR/O5nMmPAr6vERA==, createTime=1773729418173, updateTime=1773729418173, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360621584813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729418187, updateTime=1773729418187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360583836071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773729418178, updateTime=1773729418178, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360617390508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729418186, updateTime=1773729418186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360579641766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773729418177, updateTime=1773729418177, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360596418985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773729418182, updateTime=1773729418182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360604807594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773729418183, updateTime=1773729418183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=爆破, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Blasting, journalPhotoCn=WY0TpbOLkpEy0LB1gxLRkA==, journalPhotoEn=WihllgjTVpaoKPVK01wkxA==, journalFirstLetter=B, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/PDF/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN/PDF/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
电子起爆条件下雷管布置对爆破振动频谱的影响研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
周俊汝 1 , 卢文波 2 , 蔡路军 1 , 吴亮 1
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023,40(4): 20-26
收起
收藏切换
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023, 40(4): 20-26
电子起爆条件下雷管布置对爆破振动频谱的影响研究
全屏
周俊汝1 , 卢文波2, 蔡路军1, 吴亮1
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065
  • 2.武汉大学　水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，武汉　430072

    • 周俊汝（1990-），女，博士、副教授、硕士生导师，主要从事工程爆破方面的科研工作，（E-mail）

    ZHOU Jun-ru (1990-), female, Ph. D, Associate professor, master's supervisor, mainly engaged in research and practice of engineering blasting and rock mechanics, (E-mail) .

Influence of Detonator Layout on Frequency Spectrum of Blasting Vibration with Electronic Initiation
Jun-ru ZHOU1 , Wen-bo LU2, Lu-jun CAI1, Liang WU1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
出版时间: 2023-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起

爆破作为大规模、高效益的破岩方法，在隧道工程中广泛应用，但不可避免地给邻近建构筑物和围岩带来一些不良影响，其中以爆破振动为首。电子雷管起爆延时精确、安全可靠，可以实现对爆破振动强度与频谱的主动控制，是降低爆破地震效应的有效手段。为探究电子起爆条件下雷管位置和数量对爆破振动频谱的影响，通过现场试验和数值计算相结合的方法，归纳总结了起爆点分别位于靠近装药段底部、装药段顶部、装药段中部、装药段顶部底部同时起爆、装药段均匀分布两起爆点同时起爆五种不同起爆条件的爆破振动主频特征；基于黏弹性介质爆破振动频谱表达式，从爆源叠加的角度通过分析不同工况中的爆炸荷载特征，研究了不同起爆点工况下爆破振动的频谱特性，从机理上揭示了雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响机制与规律。结果表明：装药段均匀分布两起爆点同时起爆条件下爆破振动频率最高，中点起爆和顶部底部同时起爆次之，顶部、底部单点起爆最低。改变雷管位置或数量实质上是将整个装药段分段同时引爆，等效为多个子爆源叠加，分段越多，子爆源装药长度越短，爆轰过程缩短，炸药在孔内的能量释放率提高，爆炸荷载上升速率越快，爆破振动频率越高。随着爆心距的增大，雷管位置对爆破振动频率的影响收敛。研究结论对基于爆破振动频率控制的起爆方案优选具有指导意义，在隧道开挖等地下工程具有广泛的应用前景。

钻孔爆破  /  爆破振动  /  雷管布置  /  振动频率  /  爆炸荷载

Blasting is widely used in tunnel engineering as a large scale and high efficiency method of rock breakage, but it inevitably brings some bad effects to the adjacent structures and surrounding rocks, among which blasting vibration is the first. Electronic detonator initiation can realize the active control of blasting vibration intensity and spectrum due to its accurate delay, high reliability and safety, which is an effective means to reduce the seismic effect of blasting. In order to explore the influence of the location and number of electronic detonators on the frequency spectrum of blasting vibration, field tests and numerical calculations were combined. The main frequency characteristics of blasting vibration are summarized for five different initiation locations, including the bottom of the charge, the top of the charge, the middle of the charge, simultaneous initiation at the top and bottom of the charge, and simultaneous initiation at two points evenly distributed in the charge section. Based on the spectrum expression of blasting vibration in viscoelastic medium, the characteristics of blasting loads under different working conditions were analyzed from the perspective of superposition of blasting sources, which was used to reveal the influence of detonator arrangement on blasting vibration frequency spectrum. The results show that the initiation conditions are ranked as simultaneous initiation of two uniformly distributed points, middle initiation, simultaneous initiation at the top and bottom, top initiation and bottom initiation, in the order of vibration frequency from largest to smallest. Multiple detonators actually divide the whole charge into several segments, which is equivalent to superposition of multiple sub-explosive sources. Changing the location or number of detonators is essentially to detonate the entire charge in segments at the same time. The more segments, the length of sub-explosive source charge and the detonation process are shorter, which means the energy release rate of explosives and the blasting vibration frequency are higher, and the rise of explosion load is faster. In addition, with the increase of distance to blast source, the influence of detonator position on blasting vibration frequency converges.

drilling and blasting  /  blasting vibration  /  layout of detonator  /  vibration frequency  /  blasting load
周俊汝, 卢文波, 蔡路军, 吴亮. 电子起爆条件下雷管布置对爆破振动频谱的影响研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (4) : 20 -26 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003
Jun-ru ZHOU, Wen-bo LU, Lu-jun CAI, Liang WU. Influence of Detonator Layout on Frequency Spectrum of Blasting Vibration with Electronic Initiation[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (4) : 20 -26 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003
正文
收起
钻孔爆破是水利水电工程建设、矿产资源开采等领域最常用的大规模、高效益的破岩方法，却不可避免伴随一些负面效应[1-3]，其中以爆破振动为首，是工程设计者和管理者最为关注的爆破安全问题。爆破地震波传播诱发的爆破振动通常利用振动强度、主频和持续时间三个要素描述其特性[4]。工程实践中有资料记载，中远区振速低于安全允许标准时仍有出现低频振动失稳的情况，这说明爆破振动频率对于控制和评价爆破振动危害非常重要。
钻孔爆破中爆轰速度有限，沿条形药包轴线方向不可避免存在时间和方向效应[5]，对爆炸荷载的作用过程有显著影响。起爆点位置决定条形药包爆轰波传爆方向及应力波的传播方向，对爆炸能量分配和应力场特征都有影响[6-12]，能量转化存在差异，引起爆破振动场的时空分布特征不同，具体表现在振速峰值与特征频率上。因此起爆点位置引起诸多学者的关注，高启栋等利用有限元数值模拟和爆破试验相结合的方法得出起爆点位置对传至围岩的爆炸能量分布起着重要作用[13]，爆炸能量优先传递到爆轰波的同一方向，较于反向起爆，正向起爆起爆有利于支护结构的保护，但掏槽效果不佳；Triviño等发现从爆轰波正向和反向测得信号的幅值和频谱有显著差异[14]；冷振东等利用3DEC离散元软件模拟不同起爆位置下台阶爆破的爆堆形态[15]，指出不能将爆炸荷载简单地考虑为瞬态爆轰，起爆位置决定爆轰方向，影响鼓包最先运动的位置；刘科伟等发现应变波峰值随量规位置变化的根本原因是起爆方向[16]。朱强等利用LS-DYNA比较了正向反向两种起爆方式[17]，得出反向起爆可以减少孔底岩体的最大损伤深度和体积。当前，就起爆点位置而言，研究的领域主要集中在端点起爆导致炮孔周围应力场和能量场分布不均上，但是起爆方式对中远区域的爆破振动场有较少的研究，起爆位置对爆破振动频率的影响机制与规律还未可知。
通过现场爆破试验得知电子起爆中雷管的布置对爆破振动频率具有一定程度的影响，然后利用ANSYS/LS-DANA数值模拟方法，更系统地研究雷管起爆位置和数量对爆破振动频率的作用规律，并从爆源叠加角度，通过分析不同工况中的爆炸荷载特征，探究雷管布置通过改变爆轰传爆方向，进而对爆破振动频率的影响机理。
1　丰宁抽水蓄能电站单孔爆破试验
收起
1.1　工程背景与试验方案
丰宁抽水蓄能电站位于河北省丰宁满族自治县，装机容量3600 MW，分两期工程开发建设。为论证二期工程地下洞室爆破开挖施工对一期工程的影响，结合现场施工条件，在二期地下厂房探洞底板合适部位进行了爆破试验。见图1。
本次爆破试验分两排钻设了6个竖直浅孔，孔深3 m，堵塞0.9 m，孔径42 mm，药径32 mm。第一排的三个孔采用中点起爆，第二排孔采用孔底起爆。这里，为排除自由面对爆破振动频率的影响，将Ⅱ-1号孔作为参照孔，Ⅰ-3号作为试验孔，两孔除雷管布置外其余爆破参数和边界条件完全相同（见图2）。炮孔布置、装药结构与雷管布置如图3所示。
试验中地板上沿探洞纵向中轴线布置6个振动监测点，如图3所示。测试系统采用三维速度传感器，记录仪器为TC-4850爆破振动智能监测仪，其监测振速范围为0.001~35.4 cm/s，振动频率在1~500 Hz。
1.2　现场试验结果分析
对采集的振动信号进行频谱分析，获得爆破振动特征频率，由于主频在爆破地震波传播过程中的衰减有突变或波动[18]，这里特征频率除主频外，另选用质心频率表示幅值谱在频域内分布规律，质心频率的定义为[14]
式中：fc为质心频率；Ai为频率fi所对应的振动速度谱幅值。
本次试验的实测爆破振动信号显示，无论是水平径向、水平切向还是竖直向，主频随爆心距的增大出现较大的波动，衰减规律呈现较大离散性，但可以看出中点起爆振动主频是高于孔底起爆振动主频；质心频率呈现较好的衰减规律，且与雷管布置有较好的相关性。为量化比较雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响，这里定义频率全局增量来描述其他雷管布置方案相较于底部起爆对频率的影响。
式中：GFIN是频率全局增量；f是其他雷管布置方案的质心频率；fbottom是底部起爆的质心频率；r是爆心距。
图4显示了中点起爆Ⅰ-3号孔和底部起爆Ⅱ-1号孔两种工况对应的爆破振动频率的衰减规律，中点起爆的爆破振动频率衰减曲线基本位于孔底起爆频率衰减曲线的上方，这说明中点起爆对应的爆破振动频率在全局上要高于孔底起爆对应的爆破振动频率。与孔底起爆相比，中点起爆爆破振动频率的全局增量GFIN在水平径向、水平切向和竖直向三个方向上分别为1.98%、12.67%和5.01%。
丰宁现场试验实测数据表明起爆位置对爆破振动频率确有一定程度的影响，但对于孔深3 m的两个孔影响不大。对比孔底起爆，中点起爆将起爆点移动到装药段的中点位置，实际上该起爆点同时引爆了上下两部分装药段。
2　不同雷管布置的单孔爆破数值计算
收起
由于爆破试验数据有限，且受地质与周围环境影响较大，试验结果呈现出离散性。这里采用有限元ANSYS/LS-DANA软件建立三维有限元单孔爆破模型，在炮孔几何参数与炸药参数不变的情况下，分析不同起爆点位置与数量对爆破振动频率的影响规律。
2.1　计算模型与参数
考虑对称性，建立四分之一单孔爆破模型，岩体模型尺寸为32 m×32 m×8 m，孔深3 m，其中装药长度为2.1 m，堵塞段0.9 m，孔径42 mm，药径32 mm，下部保留岩体厚度为5 m。在岩体模型的对称边界上施加对称约束，计算过程中除地表为临空面外，其余方向均施加无反射边界以模拟半无限岩体。数值计算模型及测点布置如图5所示。
计算中炸药采用MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN材料模型，结合JWL状态方程计算炸药爆炸过程中压力与体积的关系，表达式如下
式中：P为JWL状态方程决定的爆轰产物的压力；V为相对体积；为初始比内能；A、B、R1、R1和ω均为描述JWL方程的独立常数。见表1。
岩体采用MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC材料模型，参数列于表2。
柱状药包采用空气不耦合装药结构，模型中空气采用MAT_NULL材料模型，同时结合下式的多线性方程描述空气的作用
式中：C0=C1=C2=C3=C6=0；C4=C5=0.4；μ=ρ/ρ0，ρ，ρ0分别为初始与当前的材料密度。
2.2　数值计算结果分析
对同一个有限元模型，根据雷管布置设置5种雷管布置工况：孔底起爆（雷管布置于药卷底部）、孔口起爆（雷管置于药卷顶部）、中点起爆（雷管置于药卷轴向长度的中点位置）、孔口孔底同时起爆（两雷管分别置于药卷顶部和底部）和两点起爆（两雷管分别置于二等分炸药段的中点位置），如图6所示。
五种工况中，监测点均选取在地表临空面的相同位置，采集监测点的振动信号，通过傅里叶变换得到幅值谱曲线。水平径向爆破振动信号为例，图7为五种雷管布置工况下爆破振动主频和质心频率随爆心距的衰减过程，由图7可知，主频随爆心距的衰减中有突变和波动，而质心频率衰减规律更平稳。以孔底起爆为参照，利用式（2）计算孔口、中点、孔口孔底同时起爆以及两点起爆的爆破振动频率全局增量，结果列于表3。
孔口起爆爆破振动频率衰减曲线和孔底起爆的频率衰减曲线近似重合，孔口起爆的频率全局增量GFIN非常小，由此可知这两种雷管布置工况对距爆源中远区的爆破振动频率影响差别较小。同样地，中点起爆和孔口孔底同时起爆的GFIN大小相近，且两种工况的衰减曲线近似重合，表明这两种雷管布置工况下激发爆破振动的特征频率近似相同。综合设定的五种雷管布置工况中，两点起爆的振动频率是最高的，其次是中点起爆和孔口孔底同时起爆，频率最低的为孔底起爆和孔口起爆。数值计算结果进一步证实了不同雷管布置工况下，产生的爆破振动效应不同。
3　雷管布置对振动频率的影响机理
收起
本节从爆源叠加角度，通过分析不同工况中的爆炸荷载特征，讨论雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响机理。
3.1　雷管布置产生的爆源叠加效应
如图6所示，无论是孔底起爆还是孔口起爆的单点起爆方式，这两种工况中起爆点引爆的是整个装药段长度Lc，爆破振动频率近似相同。中点起爆的起爆点将整个装药段等分上下两段，上下均分的两段炸药同时被引爆；孔口孔底同时起爆中两个起爆点同样是将炸药等分为两段，说明这两种工况都等效为两个同时被引爆的装药长度为Lc/2的子爆源叠加，中点起爆与孔口孔底同时起爆的爆破振动频率近似相等。两点起爆中，每个起爆点位于二等分炸药段的中点位置，两个起爆点同时引爆的装药段长度为总装药段长度的1/4，等效为四个同时起爆的装药长度为Lc/4的子爆源叠加。
因此，雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响规律，实质是利用起爆点将炸药分为多段同时引爆，等效为多个同时被引爆的子爆源叠加。子爆源装药长度取决于起爆点位置与数量，分段越多，子爆源装药段长度越小，爆源激发振动频率越高；起爆点位置和数目不同，但其控制的子爆源装药段长度一致时，振动频率近似相等。
3.2　雷管布置对爆炸荷载的影响
基于黏弹性介质中爆破振动速度幅值谱（式5），研究雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响规律，已知爆源几何参数、传播介质性质完全相同，仅雷管布置决定的爆炸荷载作用过程不同。爆炸荷载主要参数为荷载峰值、荷载上升时间和作用持续时间，其中影响荷载谱的是荷载上升时间[18,19]。
其中
式中：λ、μ为拉梅系数；CP为纵波速度；ν为泊松比；Qr为岩石的地质品质因子；re为弹性空腔半径；Sσ（jω）为弹性空腔内的荷载谱；ω为角频率；r为爆心距。荷载上升时间越短、上升速率越快，荷载谱中高频对应幅值比例增加，从而影响到爆破振动频谱幅值整体向高频带方向偏移，爆破振动幅值谱中高频对应幅值比例越大。
如图8所示，在数值计算的模型中沿着炮孔轴向在孔壁上布测点监测爆炸荷载作用过程，获得各测点在不同雷管布置下的荷载上升时间与上升速率，见图9。
由图9可知，两点起爆的荷载上升时间最短，上升速率最快，荷载谱高频成分增加，爆破振动频率最大。中点起爆和孔口孔底同时起爆的荷载上升时间和上升速率其次，因此爆破振动频率次于两点起爆；孔底起爆和孔口起爆的荷载上升时间最长，荷载上升速率最慢，爆破振动频率最小，两者荷载上升过程的爆轰压力在空间上沿炮孔轴向传播方向相反，但在时间特征上相似，因此孔口、孔底单点起爆激发的振动频率近似相等。
4　结论
收起
通过现场试验和数值模拟相结合的方法，研究雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响机制和作用规律，可以得出以下结论：
（1）两点起爆的爆破振动频率最高；中点起爆和孔口孔底同时起爆的振动频率近似相等，次于两点起爆的振动频率；孔底、孔口单点起爆的爆破振动频率最低。
（2）改变雷管位置或者增加起爆点数量实质上是将整个装药段分段同时引爆，等效为多个子爆源叠加，分段越多，子爆源的装药长度越小，激发爆破振动频率越高。
（3）缩短子爆源的装药段长度，可压缩孔内爆轰波传爆过程，加快爆炸荷载上升速率，进而增加了荷载谱高频成分，爆破振动频率提高。
（4）随着爆心距的增大，雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响减弱，当爆心距达到一定值时，雷管布置方案对频率不再有影响。
电子起爆条件下雷管布置对爆破振动频率的影响研究对起爆方案的设计起到一定的指导作用。在实际工程施工中，应根据破岩效果和振动控制的侧重点不同，选择合适的起爆方案。
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51909196)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
胡帅伟, 陈士海. 爆破振动下围岩支护锚杆动力响应解析解[J]. 岩土力学, 2019, 40(1): 281-287.
HU S, CHEN S H. Analytical solution of dynamic response of rock bolt under blasting vibration[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2019, 40(1): 281-287. (in Chinese)
[2]
费鸿禄, 王振达, 蒋安俊, 等. 地铁隧道爆破振动对地面的影响规律研究[J]. 爆破, 2018, 35(3): 68-73.
FEI H L, WANG Z D, JIANG A J, et al. Study on influence of blasting vibration on ground of metro tunnel[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(3): 68-73. (in Chinese)
[3]
MOVAHEDI M, KOKABI A H, REIHANI S M S, et al. Prediction and optimization of back-break and rock fragmentation using an artificial neural network and a bee colony algorithm[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology & the Environment, 2016, 5(1): 27-36.
[4]
LU W B, LUO Y, CHEN M, et al. An introduction to Chinese safety regulations for blasting vibration[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2012, 67(7): 1951-1959.
[5]
Knock C, Davies N. Blast waves from cylindrical charges[J]. Shock Waves, 2013, 23(4): 337-343.
[6]
LENG Zhen-dong, LU Wen-bo, CHEN Ming, et al. Explosion energy transmission under side initiation and its effect on rock fragmentation[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2016, 86: 245-254.
[7]
王林桂, 孙鹏昌, 沙广, 等. 基于孔内起爆位置调整的台阶爆破根底控制方法探讨[J]. 水电与新能源, 2019, 2(33): 5-8.
WANG L G, SUN P C, SHA G. On the control of toe rocks in bench blasting based on detonator positon adjustment in blast holes[J]. Hydropower and New Energy, 2019, 2(33): 5-8. (in Chinese)
[8]
LONG Y, ZHONG M, XIE Q, et al. Influence of initiation point position on fragmentation by blasting in iron ore[C]//Fragblast 10, 2013, 111-116.
[9]
张宝平, 张庆明, 黄风雷. 爆轰物理学[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2001.
[10]
吴超, 周传波, 路世伟, 等. 柱状装药不同起爆方式的数值模拟研究[J]. 爆破, 2016, 33(2): 74-77, 91.
WU C, ZHOU C B, LU S W, et al. Numerical simulation on cylindrical charged explosives with different initiation[J]. Blasting, 2016, 33(2): 74-77, 91. (in Chinese)
[11]
向文飞, 舒大强, 朱传云. 起爆方式对条形药包爆炸应力场的影响分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(9): 1624-1628.
XIANG W F, SHU D Q, ZHU C Y. Impacts of detonating mode on blast stress field of linear explosive charge[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(9): 1624-1628. (in Chinese)
[12]
龚敏, 黎剑华. 延长药包不同位置起爆时的应力场[J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2002, 24(3): 248-253.
GONG M, LI J H. A research on stress field of column and strip-shaped charge in different detonated points[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2002, 24(3): 248-253. (in Chinese)
[13]
高启栋, 卢文波, 冷振东, 等. 隧洞开挖过程中掏槽孔起爆位置的优选[J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(9): 8-16.
GAO Q D, LU W B, LENG Z D, et al. Optimization of cut-hole's detonating position in tunnel excavation[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(9): 8-16. (in Chinese)
[14]
Triviño L F, Mohanty B, Milkereit B. Seismic waveforms from explosive sources located in boreholes and initiated in different directions[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2012, 87: 81-93.
[15]
冷振东, 刘亮, 周旺潇, 等. 起爆位置对台阶爆破爆堆形态影响的离散元分析[J]. 爆破, 2018, 35(2): 50-55, 100.
LENG Z D, LIU L, ZHOU W X, et al. Numerical investigation of initiation points on muckpile profile in bench blasting[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(2): 50-55, 100. (in Chinese)
[16]
LIU K, LI X, LI X, et al. Characteristics and mechanisms of strain waves generated in rock by cylindrical explosive charges[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2016, 23(11): 2951-2957.
[17]
朱强, 陈明, 郑炳旭, 等. 空气间隔装药预裂爆破岩体损伤分布特征及控制技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(S1): 2758-2765.
ZHU Q, CHEN M, ZHENG B X, et al. Distribution and control technology of rock damage induced by air-deck charge presplitting blasting[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(S1): 2758-2765. (in Chinese)
[18]
周俊汝, 卢文波, 张乐, 等. 爆破地震波传播过程的振动频率衰减规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(11): 2171-2178.
ZHOU J R, LU W B, ZHANG L, et al. Attenuation of vibration frequency during propagation of blasting seismic wave[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(11): 2171-2178. (in Chinese)
[19]
闫鸿浩, 赵碧波, 李晓杰. 改良型中深孔爆破振动频率研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2017, 36(12): 93-98.
YAN H H, ZHAO B B, LI X J. The study of blasting vibration frequency on modified middle-deep hole[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2017, 36(12): 93-98. (in Chinese)
2023年第40卷第4期
PDF下载
81
39
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003
  • 接收时间：2022-08-30
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2023-12-01
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2022-08-30
基金
Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(51909196)
国家自然科学基金项目(51909196)
作者信息
    1.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065
    2.武汉大学　水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，武汉　430072
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.003
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持