Article(id=1241355808093565580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669651200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773891887925, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1701360000000, pubDateStr=2023-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773891887925, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773891887925, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773891887925, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241355799189058005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773891885801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773898068569, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=65, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241355808500413086, articleId=1241355808093565580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Stress Concentration Effect of Large-Diameter Empty Hole in Burn Cut Blasting, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the mechanical mechanism of burn cut blasting with a large-diameter empty hole, the stress concentration effect of the large-diameter empty hole was studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Firstly, a mechanical model for the stress concentration effect of the empty hole was established. Furthermore, the empty hole's stress concentration effect was clarified based on the elasticity theory and wave dynamics. A numerical simulation under a typical working condition was then carried out, and finally the stress concentration effect of the empty hole was investigated based on the numerical results of stress wave propagation, rock damage, and the first principal stress. The results show that the stress concentration effect of the empty hole is mainly derived from the stress concentration around the cavity and the stress wave superposition effect. During the blasting process, the stress wave is reflected at the empty hole wall and superposed with the incident wave, which is mostly located in the vicinity of the empty hole and the region between the cut holes. The regions with high damage degree are mainly around the cut hole, near the empty hole, and within the triangle regions formed by adjacent cut holes and the empty hole, and the latter two regions correspond to the stress wave superposition regions. There is a significant stress concentration effect near the empty hole, and the closer the rock is to the empty hole, the more obvious the effect is.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SUN Peng-chang (1994-), male, assistant researcher, Ph. D, mainly engaged in rock dynamics and engineering blasting, (E-mail) .
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为了探明大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的力学机理,采用理论分析和数值模拟方法研究了大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应。建立了空孔应力集中效应的力学模型,基于弹性力学和波动力学理论阐明了空孔应力集中效应的力学机理;开展了典型工况下大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的数值模拟,并基于应力波传播、岩体损伤和岩体第一主应力峰值等结果分析了空孔的应力集中效应。研究结果表明:空孔应力集中效应主要源自孔洞应力集中效应和应力波叠加效应;大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破过程中,应力波在空孔壁处发生反射并与入射波产生叠加,叠加多位于空孔邻近区域以及掏槽孔间区域;岩体损伤程度较高的区域主要为掏槽孔周边、空孔周边以及相邻掏槽孔与空孔形成的三角区域,掏槽孔周边以外的损伤区域与应力波叠加区域基本对应;空孔附近存在显著的应力集中效应,且距空孔壁越近的位置应力集中效应越明显。研究成果拟为隧道工程大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破设计提供理论基础。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孙鹏昌(1994-),男,助理研究员、博士,主要从事岩石动力学与工程爆破研究,(E-mail)
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孟海利(1977-),男,研究员、博士,主要从事铁路工程爆破理论和技术研究,(E-mail)

MENG Hai-li (1977-), male, researcher, Ph. D, mainly engaged in rock blasting of railway engineering, (E-mail) .

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孟海利(1977-),男,研究员、博士,主要从事铁路工程爆破理论和技术研究,(E-mail)

MENG Hai-li (1977-), male, researcher, Ph. D, mainly engaged in rock blasting of railway engineering, (E-mail) .

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孟海利(1977-),男,研究员、博士,主要从事铁路工程爆破理论和技术研究,(E-mail)

MENG Hai-li (1977-), male, researcher, Ph. D, mainly engaged in rock blasting of railway engineering, (E-mail) .

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journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808093565580, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Peaks of the first principal stress in rock mass between empty and cut holes, figureFileSmall=R8x6MQ1esfvYMZRe33rv4w==, figureFileBig=OsEJnjAQkk9vuIM2raWRTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355822068986250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808093565580, language=CN, label=图9, caption=空孔和掏槽孔间岩体的第一主应力峰值, figureFileSmall=R8x6MQ1esfvYMZRe33rv4w==, figureFileBig=OsEJnjAQkk9vuIM2raWRTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355822186426768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808093565580, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Rock mass parameters in RHT model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3泊松比μ纵波速度CP/(m·s-1体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa抗压强度/MPa归一化抗拉强度ft/fc归一化剪切强度fs/fc完整失效面常数A完整失效面指数N拉、压子午线处偏应力比Q0罗德角相关系数B压缩应变率指数βc拉伸应变率指数βt损伤常数D1损伤常数D2
26800.243500~50004015.9640.080.251.600.610.68050.01050.020.050.021.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241355822287090070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808093565580, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩体RHT模型参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3泊松比μ纵波速度CP/(m·s-1体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa抗压强度/MPa归一化抗拉强度ft/fc归一化剪切强度fs/fc完整失效面常数A完整失效面指数N拉、压子午线处偏应力比Q0罗德角相关系数B压缩应变率指数βc拉伸应变率指数βt损伤常数D1损伤常数D2
26800.243500~50004015.9640.080.251.600.610.68050.01050.020.050.021.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241355822375170456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808093565580, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Explosive parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A/GPaB/GPaR1R2ωE0/GPa
209.693.515.761.290.394.19
), ArticleFig(id=1241355822429696414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808093565580, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

炸药参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A/GPaB/GPaR1R2ωE0/GPa
209.693.515.761.290.394.19
), ArticleFig(id=1241355822509388196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808093565580, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Air parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρair/(kg·m-3初始内能C0C1C2C3C4C5C6
1.2930.2500000.40.40
), ArticleFig(id=1241355822610051496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355808093565580, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

空气计算参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρair/(kg·m-3初始内能C0C1C2C3C4C5C6
1.2930.2500000.40.40
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大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应研究
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孟海利 a, b , 孙鹏昌 a, b , 薛里 a, b , 康永全 a, b
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2023,40(4): 60-65
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2023, 40(4): 60-65
大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应研究
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孟海利a, b , 孙鹏昌a, b , 薛里a, b, 康永全a, b
作者信息
  • a.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 铁道建筑研究所,北京 100081
  • b.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 高速铁路轨道技术国家重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 孟海利(1977-),男,研究员、博士,主要从事铁路工程爆破理论和技术研究,(E-mail)

    MENG Hai-li (1977-), male, researcher, Ph. D, mainly engaged in rock blasting of railway engineering, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

孙鹏昌(1994-),男,助理研究员、博士,主要从事岩石动力学与工程爆破研究,(E-mail)
Study on Stress Concentration Effect of Large-Diameter Empty Hole in Burn Cut Blasting
Hai-li MENGa, b , Peng-chang SUNa, b , Li XUEa, b, Yong-quan KANGa, b
Affiliations
  • a.Railway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China
  • b.State Key Laboratory for Track Technology of High-Speed Railway, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2023-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.008
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为了探明大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的力学机理,采用理论分析和数值模拟方法研究了大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应。建立了空孔应力集中效应的力学模型,基于弹性力学和波动力学理论阐明了空孔应力集中效应的力学机理;开展了典型工况下大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的数值模拟,并基于应力波传播、岩体损伤和岩体第一主应力峰值等结果分析了空孔的应力集中效应。研究结果表明:空孔应力集中效应主要源自孔洞应力集中效应和应力波叠加效应;大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破过程中,应力波在空孔壁处发生反射并与入射波产生叠加,叠加多位于空孔邻近区域以及掏槽孔间区域;岩体损伤程度较高的区域主要为掏槽孔周边、空孔周边以及相邻掏槽孔与空孔形成的三角区域,掏槽孔周边以外的损伤区域与应力波叠加区域基本对应;空孔附近存在显著的应力集中效应,且距空孔壁越近的位置应力集中效应越明显。研究成果拟为隧道工程大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破设计提供理论基础。

隧道工程  /  掏槽爆破  /  数值模拟  /  应力集中效应  /  中空孔

To explore the mechanical mechanism of burn cut blasting with a large-diameter empty hole, the stress concentration effect of the large-diameter empty hole was studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Firstly, a mechanical model for the stress concentration effect of the empty hole was established. Furthermore, the empty hole's stress concentration effect was clarified based on the elasticity theory and wave dynamics. A numerical simulation under a typical working condition was then carried out, and finally the stress concentration effect of the empty hole was investigated based on the numerical results of stress wave propagation, rock damage, and the first principal stress. The results show that the stress concentration effect of the empty hole is mainly derived from the stress concentration around the cavity and the stress wave superposition effect. During the blasting process, the stress wave is reflected at the empty hole wall and superposed with the incident wave, which is mostly located in the vicinity of the empty hole and the region between the cut holes. The regions with high damage degree are mainly around the cut hole, near the empty hole, and within the triangle regions formed by adjacent cut holes and the empty hole, and the latter two regions correspond to the stress wave superposition regions. There is a significant stress concentration effect near the empty hole, and the closer the rock is to the empty hole, the more obvious the effect is.

tunnel engineering  /  cut blasting  /  numerical simulation  /  stress concentration effect  /  empty hole
孟海利, 孙鹏昌, 薛里, 康永全. 大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (4) : 60 -65 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.008
Hai-li MENG, Peng-chang SUN, Li XUE, Yong-quan KANG. Study on Stress Concentration Effect of Large-Diameter Empty Hole in Burn Cut Blasting[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (4) : 60 -65 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.008
《国家综合立体交通网规划纲要》明确我国重点城市群到2035年率先建成城际铁路网,其他城市群城际铁路逐步成网。由于我国地形呈阶梯状分布,山区面积大,城际铁路成网涉及大量隧道钻爆施工,而城区铁路隧道钻爆施工往往面临建筑环绕、管线交叉、人员密集和地质条件多变等复杂施工环境,存在钻爆施工效率和爆破振动控制难以协调的矛盾[1,2]
解决隧道开挖爆破振动控制难题,主要是解决掏槽爆破振动控制问题[3,4]。大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破技术在隧道掌子面掏槽区域利用凿岩机械预先钻凿大直径空孔,为掏槽孔创造临空面并减小其所受夹制作用,能达到降低爆破振动、改善掏槽效果的目的[5,6]。大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破技术能较好解决钻爆开挖效率和爆破振动控制之间的矛盾,且其施工效率较高,具有良好的技术优势和广阔的应用前景。
大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破技术的优势主要来源于中空孔的综合作用效应,其中空孔的应力集中效应在掏槽破岩成腔方面发挥了重要作用,国内外学者对此也开展了诸多研究。王祥林和郭靖华利用微闪系统研究了冲击荷载作用下半无限弹性平面中五种形式孔洞附近的动应力集中问题[7]。Mohanty基于含空孔材料的爆生裂纹扩展试验结果[8],开发了一种利用空孔应力集中效应的新型定向断裂控制技术。刘优平等分析了空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应[9,10],发现掏槽孔和空孔之间的最大拉应力与空孔直径大小正相关。李启月等通过直眼掏槽破岩过程的数值模拟发现[11],空孔效应改变了掏槽爆破的应力分布,使掏槽孔间及空孔壁处最大拉应力随空孔直径增大而增大。Zheng等通过数值模拟和现场试验研究了大直径空孔掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应[12]。宗琦和邵连军通过理论研究发现[13],空孔的存在引起了槽腔岩体拉应力集中,使槽腔内岩体破裂更充分。任行等采用数值模拟方法研究了直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应[14],研究结果表明空孔引起其周边动应力集中。郭东明等运用数值模拟方法分析了中心大空孔掏槽爆破过程中应力波的传播情况[15],分析结果表明空孔具有应力集中效应且使爆炸能量分布更加均匀。Tian等在隧道掏槽区域设置空孔开展现场试验[16],证明了空孔有助于降低隧道爆破振动。已有空孔应力集中效应的研究成果可为大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破设计和施工提供一定参考,但是在力学机理阐述方面仍不够深入。
采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法开展大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应研究。首先,运用弹性力学和波动力学理论阐明空孔应力集中效应的力学机理;然后,开展典型工况下大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的数值模拟,通过数值模拟结果直观和定量地分析空孔的应力集中效应。研究成果拟为大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破参数设计提供理论支撑,进而实现复杂环境下兼顾钻爆开挖效率和爆破振动控制的隧道安全高效开挖。
图1所示,掏槽孔起爆后,炸药能量以应力波的形式在岩体中传播。未设置空孔时,岩体中某位置处的径向和环向应力分别为σρσθ;设置空孔后,空孔附近的应力发生重分布,岩体中相应位置处的径向和环向应力分别大于σρσθ。上述现象称为空孔的应力集中效应[5]
掏槽孔起爆后产生的应力波可以近似为柱面波,实际施工中掏槽孔一般围绕空孔对称布置,且掏槽孔与空孔的距离较近,柱面波可以进一步近似为直线均布荷载p。基于上述简化,建立如图2所示典型掏槽孔布置形式下空孔应力集中效应的分析模型。
极坐标系下[17]图2所示空孔周围岩体的平衡微分方程、几何方程和物理方程分别见式(1)、式(2)和式(3)。
式中:f为体积力;τρθ=τθρερεθγρθ分别表示岩体的径向、环向和剪应变;u为岩体位移;Ev分别为岩体的弹性模量和泊松比。
图2所示,岩体的边界条件可表示为
联立式(1)~式(4),可以解得空孔周围岩体应力为
由式(5)计算得到空孔周围岩体中的环向应力场如图3所示。由图3可知,爆破荷载在空孔壁岩体处激发的拉应力是其自身量值的3倍,如在x方向爆破荷载p1作用下,位于y轴的空孔壁岩体产生大小为3p1的拉应力,又如在y方向爆破荷载p2作用下,位于x轴的空孔壁岩体产生大小为3p2的拉应力。由此可知,由于空孔的存在,掏槽孔起爆后,空孔附近岩体存在拉应力集中现象。
上述分析是在静力条件下展开的,实际掏槽爆破过程中,还存在如图4所示的应力波反射现象。当应力波传播到空孔壁时,应力波在空孔壁处发生反射,应力波的传播方向发生改变,压缩应力波转换为拉伸应力波,反射的拉伸应力波与后续入射应力波发生叠加,可在空孔周围某些岩体区域中产生更大的拉应力。
采用如图5所示的四分之一对称模型开展空孔应力集中效应的数值模拟研究。模型整体几何尺寸为2.0 m×2.0 m,其中掏槽孔直径42 mm,空孔直径100 mm,掏槽孔与空孔的间距为30 cm。在模型对称边界施加对称约束,其余边界施加透射边界以消除人工截断边界处应力波反射对计算结果的影响。模型中包含岩体、炸药和空气三种材料,均采用实体单元模拟,模型共划分单元36880个、节点74666个。
岩体采用RHT模型进行模拟,RHT模型综合考虑了岩体在破坏过程中所具有的应变硬化、应变率敏感性和压缩损伤软化等特性,并引入了最大失效面、弹性极限面和残余失效面3个控制破坏面[18],具体如图6所示。在LSDYNA中,RHT模型采用*MAT_RHT关键字描述,RHT模型的具体参数见表1
2号岩石乳化炸药爆轰过程采用JWL(Jones-Wilkins-Lee)状态方程描述[12],其爆轰压力的计算见式(6)。在LSDYNA中,炸药材料采用*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN和*EOS_JWL关键字描述,具体参数见表2
式中:V为相对体积;E0为内能;ABR1R2ω为常数。
空气采用*MAT_NULL模型和式(7)表示的*EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL状态方程描述[12],具体参数见表3
式中:为密度的相对变化率;C0C1C2C3C4C5C6均为无量纲多项式系数;为内能。
图7所示为大直径中空孔掏槽爆破过程中应力波在岩体中的传播情况。掏槽孔起爆后约60 μs,爆炸应力波自掏槽孔传播至接近空孔壁;掏槽孔起爆后约70 μs,应力波传播至空孔壁且发生反射,在空孔附近可见明显的反射波和入射波叠加现象;掏槽孔起爆后约100 μs,后续传播至空孔壁的应力波发生反射,先前产生的反射应力波与源自掏槽孔的入射应力波在空孔附近产生叠加,源自不同掏槽孔的入射应力波之间也产生叠加;掏槽孔起爆后约130 μs,入射应力波均已绕过空孔,空孔壁处反射的应力波与入射应力波在距离空孔更远的位置产生叠加。根据上述结果分析可知,大直径中空孔掏槽爆破过程中,应力波在空孔壁处发生反射,反射波与入射波产生叠加,且叠加多位于空孔周边邻近区域以及掏槽孔间区域。
图8所示为大直径中空孔掏槽爆破过程中岩体的损伤情况。掏槽孔起爆后约5 μs,距掏槽孔壁约1倍掏槽孔径范围内的岩体产生了不同程度的损伤,紧邻掏槽孔壁约1/2倍掏槽孔径范围内的岩体损伤因子几乎均为1.0;掏槽孔起爆后约110 μs,掏槽孔周围岩体的损伤范围扩大至约2倍掏槽孔径,在掏槽孔与空孔之间的部分岩体尚未损伤时,空孔壁邻近岩体出现局部损伤,这与此时已有入射波在空孔壁处反射而与入射波叠加相关;掏槽孔起爆后约130 μs,掏槽孔周围岩体的损伤范围缓慢扩大,空孔周边邻近区域岩体损伤范围进一步扩大,掏槽孔间岩体局部出现损伤,尤其是掏槽孔连线方向岩体;掏槽孔起爆后约210 μs,掏槽孔周围岩体的损伤范围扩大至约3倍掏槽孔径,空孔周边邻近区域岩体损伤范围较大,相邻掏槽孔和空孔形成的三角区域内的岩体均有较高程度的损伤,且与图7中主要的应力波叠加区域相对应。
根据上述结果可知,大直径中空孔掏槽爆破过程中,岩体损伤程度较高的区域主要为掏槽孔周边、空孔周边以及相邻掏槽孔与空孔形成的三角区域,掏槽孔周边以外的损伤区域与应力波叠加区域基本对应,表明空孔的存在使岩体中产生应力集中效应,应力集中效应主要由应力波反射叠加导致,从而使这些区域岩体产生较高程度损伤。
为了进一步定量分析空孔应力集中效应,从数值模拟结果中提取掏槽孔与空孔间不同位置处的第一主应力峰值,结果如图9所示。距空孔壁约15 cm范围内的岩体,其第一主应力峰值随距空孔壁距离增大而减小;距空孔壁约15~20 cm范围内的岩体,即掏槽孔邻近岩体则主要受掏槽爆破冲击作用影响,岩体第一主应力峰值较大。上述结果显示,空孔附近存在显著的应力集中效应,且在距空孔壁越近的位置越明显。
采用理论分析和数值模拟结合的方法研究了大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应,从应力波叠加、岩体损伤和岩体第一主应力峰值等方面阐述了空孔的应力集中效应,在所述条件下得到如下结论:
(1)大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应主要源自孔洞的应力集中效应和空孔壁反射波与掏槽孔入射波的应力叠加效应。
(2)大直径中空孔掏槽爆破过程中,应力波在空孔壁处会发生反射,反射波会与入射波产生叠加,且叠加多位于空孔周边邻近区域以及掏槽孔间区域。
(3)大直径中空孔掏槽爆破过程中,岩体损伤程度较高的区域主要为掏槽孔周边、空孔周边以及相邻掏槽孔与空孔形成的三角区域,掏槽孔周边以外的损伤区域与应力波叠加区域基本对应。
(4)大直径中空孔掏槽爆破过程中,空孔附近存在显著的应力集中效应,且在距空孔壁越近的位置越明显。
  • 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题重点项目(2021YJ066)
  • 北京市科协青年人才托举工程项目(BYESS2022219)
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2023年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.008
  • 接收时间:2022-11-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-29
基金
Major Project of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited(2021YJ066)
中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题重点项目(2021YJ066)
Youth Talent Lift Project of Beijing Association for Science and Technology(BYESS2022219)
北京市科协青年人才托举工程项目(BYESS2022219)
作者信息
    a.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 铁道建筑研究所,北京 100081
    b.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 高速铁路轨道技术国家重点实验室,北京 100081

通讯作者:

孙鹏昌(1994-),男,助理研究员、博士,主要从事岩石动力学与工程爆破研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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