Article(id=1241355805904138836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669219200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773891887402, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1701360000000, pubDateStr=2023-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773891887402, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773891887402, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773891887402, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241355799189058005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773891885801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773898068569, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241355807565083249, articleId=1241355805904138836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Refined Numerical Model Construction and Blasting Simulation of Fractured Rock Mass, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The authenticity of fracture distribution model is one of the key factors during numerical simulation of blasting in jointed rock mass, which would obviously affect the numerical simulation results. It is hard to represent the complex three-dimensional joint distribution in the existing joint construction method. To explore a simple and feasible operation method for constructing the complex 3D joint model in LS-DYNA software, a K file of blasting numerical model was analyzed and reorganized by MATLAB software. Furthermore, a 3D refined numerical model for jointed rock mass was constructed by the 3D joint distribution law and the constitutive joint model parameters. Finally, a statistical analysis of the three-dimensional joint distribution law was carried out in an open-pit limestone mine, and the joints were reconstructed in the numerical model of a bench blasting. Consequently, a comparative study of the numerical simulation and the field blasting test for open-pit bench blasting was carried out. The results show that the error between the joints built in the numerical model and the actual joints is less than 13%. The joint surface changes the damage distribution of the rock mass. Compared with the intact rock mass, the damage rock mass range increases by 12.04%, and the proportion of fragments with the size of 0~100 mm decreases by 8.11%. The damage results obtained by blasting simulation are close to the field rock breaking effect, and the percentage error of fragments with the size of 0~100 mm is 4.16%. The analytical reconstruction method is feasible and easy to represent the complex three-dimensional joint distribution, and the numerical results are close to experimental results.

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LEI Tao (1983-), male, lecturer, Ph. D, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in mining, safety and numerical mining, (E-mail) .
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裂隙岩体爆破数值模拟过程中,裂隙分布模型的真实性,是影响数值模拟结果的关键因素之一,现有节理裂隙构建方法难以实现三维分布上的复杂表征或是实现操作过于繁杂。为探索在LS-DYNA软件中构建三维分布上真实、复杂表征的节理裂隙模型简单可行的操作方法,通过MATLAB软件对爆破数值模型K文件进行解析重组,按照节理裂隙三维分布规律进行勾勒并赋予节理裂隙材料本构,构建出符合节理裂隙分布规律的节理岩体三维精细化数值模型。以某露天石灰石矿山为实例,开展节理裂隙三维分布规律统计分析并在台阶爆破数值模型中进行还原,基于裂隙岩体精细化数值模型,开展露天台阶爆破数值模拟试验和现场爆破试验对比研究。结果表明:采用解析重组方法构建的数值节理模型与实际节理裂隙的误差小于13%;节理裂隙面使岩体内的损伤分布规律发生了变化,与完整岩体相比,损伤范围增加了12.04%,粒径处于0~100 mm的占比降低了8.11%;爆破模拟得到的损伤结果与现场破碎效果接近,统计粒径在0~100 mm之间的碎块的占比,误差为4.16%。解析重组法构建三维节理裂隙,可行、操作简便,数值模拟结果接近实际。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事采矿、安全、数字化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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叶海旺(1971-),男,教授、博士、博导,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, professor, Ph. D, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the fields of mining, blasting and safety, (E-mail) .

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叶海旺(1971-),男,教授、博士、博导,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, professor, Ph. D, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the fields of mining, blasting and safety, (E-mail) .

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叶海旺(1971-),男,教授、博士、博导,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, professor, Ph. D, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the fields of mining, blasting and safety, (E-mail) .

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articleId=1241355805904138836, language=CN, label=图8, caption=台阶爆破爆堆, figureFileSmall=lWPN81g3YN44HJHxgtxSaw==, figureFileBig=V71TBbw7EWQMd+GBW4ZPmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355829958472272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355805904138836, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters in Lagrange elements

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RHT本构模型ρ0/(kg·m-3
2730
fc/MPa
88.81
G/GPa
27.77

0.0518

0.083
βC
0.032
βt
0.036
膨化硝铵炸药本构模型931D/(m·s-1
3200
PCJ/GPa
5.9
A
49.4
B
1.89
R1
3.9
R2
1.11
节理裂隙本构模型1800E0/GPa
28
μ
0.241
σ/GPa
0.25
Etan/MPa
0.025
β
0.5
 
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材料本构模型参数

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RHT本构模型ρ0/(kg·m-3
2730
fc/MPa
88.81
G/GPa
27.77

0.0518

0.083
βC
0.032
βt
0.036
膨化硝铵炸药本构模型931D/(m·s-1
3200
PCJ/GPa
5.9
A
49.4
B
1.89
R1
3.9
R2
1.11
节理裂隙本构模型1800E0/GPa
28
μ
0.241
σ/GPa
0.25
Etan/MPa
0.025
β
0.5
 
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Block Size Statistics

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粒径/mm0~2020~4040~6060~8080~100100~200200~400400~600600以上
占比/%7.517.226.256.1710.5318.0111.7714.8717.67
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块度统计

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粒径/mm0~2020~4040~6060~8080~100100~200200~400400~600600以上
占比/%7.517.226.256.1710.5318.0111.7714.8717.67
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裂隙岩体精细化数值模型构建与爆破模拟
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叶海旺 1 , 韦文蓬 1 , 周汉红 2 , 余梦豪 1 , 李兴旺 1 , 雷涛 1 , 温颖 1 , 王其洲 1 , 石斌宏 3 , 于燕 3 , 张生 3 , 钟传山 3 , 高玉文 4 , Abdou Mohamed Abdelkader HASSAN 1
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023,40(4): 44-51
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2023, 40(4): 44-51
裂隙岩体精细化数值模型构建与爆破模拟
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叶海旺1 , 韦文蓬1, 周汉红2, 余梦豪1, 李兴旺1, 雷涛1 , 温颖1, 王其洲1, 石斌宏3, 于燕3, 张生3, 钟传山3, 高玉文4, Abdou Mohamed Abdelkader HASSAN1
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
  • 2.武汉市公安局 治安管理局,武汉 430077
  • 3.华新水泥股份有限公司,武汉 430200
  • 4.五矿勘查开发有限公司,北京 100044
  • 叶海旺(1971-),男,教授、博士、博导,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

    YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, professor, Ph. D, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in the fields of mining, blasting and safety, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事采矿、安全、数字化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
Refined Numerical Model Construction and Blasting Simulation of Fractured Rock Mass
Hai-wang YE1 , Wen-peng WEI1, Han-hong ZHOU2, Meng-hao YU1, Xing-wang LI1, Tao LEI1 , Ying WEN1, Qi-zhou WANG1, Bin-hong SHI3, Yan YU3, Sheng ZHANG3, Chuan-shan ZHONG3, Yu-wen GAO4, Abdou Mohamed Abdelkader HASSAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2.Security Administration of Wuhan Public Security Bureau, Wuhan 430077, China
  • 3.Huaxin Cement Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China
  • 4.Minmetals Exploration and Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China
出版时间: 2023-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.006
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裂隙岩体爆破数值模拟过程中,裂隙分布模型的真实性,是影响数值模拟结果的关键因素之一,现有节理裂隙构建方法难以实现三维分布上的复杂表征或是实现操作过于繁杂。为探索在LS-DYNA软件中构建三维分布上真实、复杂表征的节理裂隙模型简单可行的操作方法,通过MATLAB软件对爆破数值模型K文件进行解析重组,按照节理裂隙三维分布规律进行勾勒并赋予节理裂隙材料本构,构建出符合节理裂隙分布规律的节理岩体三维精细化数值模型。以某露天石灰石矿山为实例,开展节理裂隙三维分布规律统计分析并在台阶爆破数值模型中进行还原,基于裂隙岩体精细化数值模型,开展露天台阶爆破数值模拟试验和现场爆破试验对比研究。结果表明:采用解析重组方法构建的数值节理模型与实际节理裂隙的误差小于13%;节理裂隙面使岩体内的损伤分布规律发生了变化,与完整岩体相比,损伤范围增加了12.04%,粒径处于0~100 mm的占比降低了8.11%;爆破模拟得到的损伤结果与现场破碎效果接近,统计粒径在0~100 mm之间的碎块的占比,误差为4.16%。解析重组法构建三维节理裂隙,可行、操作简便,数值模拟结果接近实际。

裂隙岩体  /  裂隙分布规律  /  地质模型  /  LS-DYNA  /  爆破数值模拟  /  爆破试验

The authenticity of fracture distribution model is one of the key factors during numerical simulation of blasting in jointed rock mass, which would obviously affect the numerical simulation results. It is hard to represent the complex three-dimensional joint distribution in the existing joint construction method. To explore a simple and feasible operation method for constructing the complex 3D joint model in LS-DYNA software, a K file of blasting numerical model was analyzed and reorganized by MATLAB software. Furthermore, a 3D refined numerical model for jointed rock mass was constructed by the 3D joint distribution law and the constitutive joint model parameters. Finally, a statistical analysis of the three-dimensional joint distribution law was carried out in an open-pit limestone mine, and the joints were reconstructed in the numerical model of a bench blasting. Consequently, a comparative study of the numerical simulation and the field blasting test for open-pit bench blasting was carried out. The results show that the error between the joints built in the numerical model and the actual joints is less than 13%. The joint surface changes the damage distribution of the rock mass. Compared with the intact rock mass, the damage rock mass range increases by 12.04%, and the proportion of fragments with the size of 0~100 mm decreases by 8.11%. The damage results obtained by blasting simulation are close to the field rock breaking effect, and the percentage error of fragments with the size of 0~100 mm is 4.16%. The analytical reconstruction method is feasible and easy to represent the complex three-dimensional joint distribution, and the numerical results are close to experimental results.

jointed rock mass  /  joint distribution law  /  geological model  /  LS-DYNA  /  blasting simulation  /  blasting test
叶海旺, 韦文蓬, 周汉红, 余梦豪, 李兴旺, 雷涛, 温颖, 王其洲, 石斌宏, 于燕, 张生, 钟传山, 高玉文, Abdou Mohamed Abdelkader HASSAN. 裂隙岩体精细化数值模型构建与爆破模拟. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (4) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.006
Hai-wang YE, Wen-peng WEI, Han-hong ZHOU, Meng-hao YU, Xing-wang LI, Tao LEI, Ying WEN, Qi-zhou WANG, Bin-hong SHI, Yan YU, Sheng ZHANG, Chuan-shan ZHONG, Yu-wen GAO, Abdou Mohamed Abdelkader HASSAN. Refined Numerical Model Construction and Blasting Simulation of Fractured Rock Mass[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (4) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.006
裂隙岩体爆破时,节理裂隙分布特性是影响岩体爆破破碎效果的关键因素。在爆炸应力作用下,节理裂隙面易产生应力集中、破坏放大及引导破坏等效应,对岩体动力学响应特性及破坏规律具有重要影响[1-3]。节理裂隙的非均质性、不连续性、各向异性和不可全窥性[4],使得节理裂隙岩体的爆破动力响应特性研究工作难度增大。目前,数值模拟是研究裂隙岩体爆破响应特性的主流手段之一,而不规则节理裂隙构建的准确性和合理性将直接影响到数值模拟结果的精度。
在ANSYS中直接建立节理裂隙是开展节理岩体爆破数值模拟最简便的方法,金李通过该种方式构建了长宽高为10 m×5 m×10 m的节理岩体[5],马小满[6]、周文海等则构建规则[7]、条带状的节理裂隙,规则分布的节理对应力传播、损伤破坏规律的影响较为清晰、直观。叶海旺[8]、吴立辉等通过在ANSYS中建立模型之后利用LS/PREPOST对模型进行修改的方式[9],构建出含X型节理裂隙的爆破数值模型,完整表述出了节理裂隙倾角、间距等二维平面内的分布特征。基于3DEC、UDEC、PFC等软件构建节理裂隙地质模型基础上,ZL Wang[10]、唐海[11]、汤云坤提出将爆破应力曲线加载到上述软件中开展数值模拟的方法[12],实现了节理裂隙复杂、精细化表征下的爆破数值模拟。直接法和修改法可以实现二维节理地快速构建,节理岩体爆破数值试验中简便可行,但在倾向、倾角、间距和延伸长度等节理裂隙信息的复杂表征上较为困难。且岩体中因炸药爆轰而产生的应力随着传爆方向、传爆距离的变化而变化[13],需加载大量爆破荷载曲线才能实现节理裂隙岩体的爆破数值模拟,其操作过程繁琐。现有裂隙岩体爆破数值模拟,在节理裂隙的构建上,难以实现其在三维分布上的复杂表征或是实现操作过于繁杂。
基于已有研究成果,提出爆破数值模型解析重组建模方法,构建符合实际节理裂隙分布规律的岩体爆破数值模型,开展节理裂隙岩体的露天台阶爆破数值模拟研究,将模拟结果与现场试验结果进行对比分析。
采用MATLAB软件进行编程,实现爆破数值模型K文件的解析,得到数据化的爆破数值模型库,按照节理裂隙产状(倾角、倾向、间距、延伸长度)分布函数对数据库进行筛分、重组,修改其材料特征,将修改后的数据库编译成新的爆破数值模型K文件。详细流程如图1所示。
节理裂隙的三维空间分布特性参量倾角α、倾向β、间距γ、节理裂隙迹长l通过采样、统计分析可得,节理裂隙延伸长度w通过节理裂隙迹长l计算得到。
以绝对地理坐标角度34°为X轴正方向,以垂直坡面向外(304°)为Y轴正方向,即绝对地理坐标轴顺时针旋转34°得到ANSYS数值模拟软件中建模时的相对坐标轴,rx0y0z0)为节理裂隙面中心点,节理裂隙面与单位块体的交点分别为ABCDEF为水平面上的走向线。倾向向量位于水平面上,垂直于走向线EFx轴负方向的顺时针夹角为β,节理裂隙面与水平面的夹角为α。数值模型中节理裂隙倾向、倾角定义如图2所示。节理裂隙间距γ为岩层出露断面上相邻节理的距离,节理裂隙迹长l为岩层出露断面上节理裂隙的长度,延伸长度w为节理裂隙三维空间内的延展长度。
在数据库所表征的三维模型内虚构出测线截面及测线,根据边坡测线法得到节理裂隙间距分布函数,在测线上筛选节理裂隙中心点,以节理裂隙中心点为起点绘制出倾角单位向量,走向单位向量(如图2所示),在裂隙中心点、及延伸长度w等控制参数下,计算出节理裂隙面ABCD四个点的坐标,确定节理裂隙平面。
走向单位向量水平垂直于倾向单位向量,通过向量计算得到
通过向量运算得到节理裂隙中心点至ABCD四个点的向量为
A点坐标计算公式为
式中:xayaza为向量xyz的值,xAyAzA为点A的坐标。
同理求出BCD的坐标。并通过ABCD及裂隙中心点r五个点确定节理裂隙面公式
式中:abcd为节理裂隙面方程参数。
采用三角投影法对单元节点进行判别是否在节理裂隙面上。点ijk为节理裂隙面上的任意点,p点为单元节点P在节理面上的投影点。三维空间内任意一点Px1+y1z1)在平面S上的投影点的计算公式为
若Δijp、Δikp、Δjkp面积之和等于Δijk,则表示P点位于节理裂隙面范围内。设置容差μR,对位于节理裂隙面范围内节点进一步筛选。P点到平面垂直距离d大于容差μp点到节理裂隙中心点x距离R大于时,该节点不在节理裂隙平面内。
将筛选出的节点进行块体匹配,形成节理裂隙面块体组,修改其材料特征,编译并输出K文件,构建精细化节理岩体数值模型。
以云南省某石灰岩露天矿山为工程背景,对节理裂隙分布规律进行统计分析,按照节理裂隙分布函数对数值模型解析重组,构建精细化节理岩体地质模型。
测线法、岩心取样法和钻孔成像法等方法采集到的节理裂隙分布信息为平面内的节理裂隙分布特征,不能完整描述节理裂隙三维空间分布特征。对于倾向、倾角相互独立的天然节理裂隙,可采用三维分形函数求解得到其三维分布累积概率[14,15],通过函数逼近求解方法得到最优分布函数及参数。岩层出露断面的节理裂隙迹长与节理裂隙延伸长度存在紧密联系[16],三维空间内,节理裂隙可近似看成圆形[17],圆盘直径即为延伸长度,可从测线法得到的节理裂隙迹长分布函数进行推算。
采用测线法及钻孔电视成像法进行节理裂隙信息采集,测线法采集总长度72 m,钻孔电视成像法采集总长度378 m。台阶边坡坡面及节理裂隙分布如图3(a)所示,钻孔成像采集到的节理裂隙如图3(b)所示;将倾向和倾角这两个数组进行Pearson卡方检验(χ2),显著性概率为0.819,大于显著水平(0.05),即节理裂隙倾向和倾角的分布相互独立。通过三维分形函数求解得到各自三维分布累积概率[14],采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov逼近方法得到最优分布函数及参数。通过延伸长度与迹长之间的关系式求解得到节理裂隙延伸长度分布函数[17];三维空间内节理裂隙分布规律为:倾向β~N(211.1,172),倾角α~N(75.5,132),间距γ~N(1.1,52),迹长l~F(2,1.52),延伸长度
按照节理裂隙倾向、倾角、间距、延伸长度分布函数将地质模型进行解析重组,得到节理裂隙岩体精细化地质模型(图3c),地质模型尺寸为24 m×13 m×13.5 m;图3(a)为实际台阶边坡坡面,测线长度24 m,台阶坡面出露节理裂隙24条,节理裂隙密度为1~2条/m,图3(d)为地质模型台阶坡面,地质模型含68条节理裂隙,坡面上出露节理裂隙27条,节理裂隙密度为1~2条/m。台阶坡面与地质模型坡面均存在多条相互平行、交叉的节理裂隙,两者在数量、节理裂隙密度、分布形式等特征上接近;将测线法及解析重组法得到的节理裂隙产状信息绘制成等值线云图(图4a、b),两者节理裂隙的优势倾角、倾向以及分布的离散性接近。绘制重影对比图(如图4c),投影面积重叠率为87.2%。
结合矿山现场,在地质模型外围增加厚20 m的岩体,模拟半无限岩体中的爆破条件。在地质模型中构建单排三个垂直孔,钻孔直径110 mm,孔距为4.3 m,台阶高度12 m,钻孔超深1.5 m,装药长度10.5 m,堵塞长度3 m,底盘抵抗线5.3 m,逐孔起爆,数值模型单元网格尺寸为100 mm,台阶爆破模型如图5所示。设立不加载节理裂隙的完整岩体和优势倾角为75°的节理岩体两个工况,节理岩体的台阶坡面节理裂隙分布如图3(d)所示,台阶横截面节理裂隙分布如图6所示。通过不同截面的损伤分布对比,研究节理裂隙分布对爆破损伤扩展规律的影响,a~h为截面。截面的布置如图5所示。
岩体选用Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma(RHT)本构模型[18],其基本物理力学参数由试验所得。炸药为膨化硝铵炸药,采用Jones-Wilkens-Lee(JWL)状态方程描述。节理裂隙采用*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC材料本构模型[7,19],本构模型及材料参数如表1所示。
从不同截面的损伤分布图(图7a、b)对比可知,钻孔轴线损伤范围平均长度为15.53 m,损伤轮廓线较规整,大致与台阶坡面平行;节理岩体的损伤范围平均长度为16.36 m,但是损伤轮廓线不规则。在台阶表面,节理岩体的损伤分布更为密集,损伤带分割成的块体大小更均匀。在岩体内部,节理裂隙岩体爆破过程中钻孔周边损伤破碎圈范围减小,完整岩体中损伤破碎圈直径为2.73 m,约为钻孔直径的25倍;节理岩体损伤破碎圈直径为1.85 m,约为钻孔直径的17倍,缩小了32.2%。从截面b、d、f的对比可知,在节理裂隙表面产生明显的损伤增大,局部破碎效果增强;同时,在节理裂隙面两侧的损伤分布密度存在较大的落差,一侧为片状分布的损伤区域,另一侧则是带状分布的损伤区域。完整岩体的损伤分布以钻孔为中心,损伤分布密度随着距钻孔的距离增大而逐渐减小,由片状的损伤分布逐渐变成带状损伤分布,即损伤后的岩体由破碎的小块逐渐向大块变化,粒径逐渐增大;而节理岩体的损伤分布较为离散,钻孔周边压缩损伤范围减小,岩体损伤分布范围增大,整体的损伤呈现片状与带状交织分布的规律,即损伤后的岩体大块与小块交错分布。
Chang-ping Yi进行爆破数值模拟块度统计分析时[20],将岩体划分为破碎岩体和未破碎岩体,当岩体损伤值D≥0.6时,岩体完全破碎,破碎岩体产生的块体其粒径小于数值模拟中的单元网格尺寸。数值模型的单元网格尺寸为100 mm,即可用损伤(D≥0.6)体积占比来表述爆破后粒径处于0~100 mm的体积占比。以损伤轮廓线、台阶轮廓线为界进行爆破体积统计,完整岩体和节理岩体的爆破体积分别为1193.01 m3、1336.61 m3,损伤(D≥0.6)体积分别为526 m3和481 m3,得到整个爆破区域碎块粒径处于0~100 mm的占比分别为44.09%、35.98%。节理岩体爆破时,爆破体积增加了12.04%,而0~100 mm的碎块占比较完整岩体降低了8.11%。
在矿山1775平台进行爆破试验,台阶坡面倾角75°,台阶高度12 m,节理裂隙分布规律如2-(2)节所述。采用垂直孔爆破方案,钻孔直径110 mm,孔距、排距为4.8 m×4.1 m,逐孔起爆方案,孔间延期50 ms,排间延期110 ms。爆破效果如图8所示,爆堆表面块度分布较为均匀,块度适中;而爆堆内部出现局部破碎效果增强,形成较多细小块体,同时在细小块体周围出现明显大块。表明,节理岩体爆破过程中,节理裂隙面两侧的破碎效果存在较大的落差。采用两个直径18.5 cm的皮球进行尺寸标定,通过Split-Desktop软件获得爆堆粒径分布,如表2所示,粒径在0~100 mm之间的碎块占比为37.68%。
对比现场爆破试验和数值模拟结果可知,损伤分布规律与爆破块度分布规律非常接近。根据数值模拟损伤分析,统计得到的0~100 mm的块体占比为35.98%,与现场爆破试验得到0~100 mm的块体占比为37.68%相比,误差为4.16%。
(1)通过采样得到的节理裂隙分布特征与解析重组法构建地质模型时得到的节理裂隙分布特征进行对比,二者倾向、倾角、间距、坡面出露节理裂隙条数、分布形式等特征接近,节理裂隙分布等值线云图面积重叠率达到87.2%。解析重组法生成的节理裂隙三维模型接近实际,操作方法可行、简便。
(2)节理裂隙面对岩体损伤破坏存在引导、控制作用,与完整岩体相比,爆破体积提高了12.04%,爆堆粒径处于0~100 mm的占比降低了8.11%。与现场爆破破碎效果相比,爆破模拟损伤分析得到粒径0~100 mm的占比误差为4.16%。解析重组法构建的三维节理裂隙数值模拟结果接近实际。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1909602; 2021YFC2902901)
  • 湖北省重点研发计划(2021BCA152)
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2023年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.006
  • 接收时间:2022-11-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-24
基金
National Key Research and Development Program(2020YFC1909602; 2021YFC2902901)
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1909602; 2021YFC2902901)
Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(2021BCA152)
湖北省重点研发计划(2021BCA152)
作者信息
    1.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
    2.武汉市公安局 治安管理局,武汉 430077
    3.华新水泥股份有限公司,武汉 430200
    4.五矿勘查开发有限公司,北京 100044

通讯作者:

雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事采矿、安全、数字化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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