Article(id=1241355804654227562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1640275200000, receivedDateStr=2021-12-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773891887105, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1701360000000, pubDateStr=2023-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773891887105, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773891887105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773891887105, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241355799189058005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773891885801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773898068569, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=154, endPage=160, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241355804939440249, articleId=1241355804654227562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Water Hammer Wave and Seismic Wave Effect of CO2 Gas Explosion, columnId=1241046467696193882, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=SPECIAL BLASTING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In channel dredging engineering, the underwater drilling and blasting technology is often used for underwater reefs higher than the designed bottom elevation. However, after drilling and blasting, there are still some rocks that cannot be completely removed and irregular and unstable underwater shallow points remaining. In actual construction, emulsified explosive is often used to remove such isolated stones. Compared with drilling and blasting, adobe blasting has small contact surface between explosive and rock face, large amount of explosive, low energy utilization rate, high explosive consumption, large noise and water shock wave, affecting ecological environment and so on. In order to analyze the influencing factors of shallow blasting, field monitoring research was carried out to compare the adobe blasting underwater and the drilling & blasting method. Under the same effect, the water hammer wave and seismic wave data of CO2 adobe blasting, drilling CO2 gas blasting and drilling emulsion explosive blasting were obtained. In this paper, taking the foundation groove, berthing excavation, reef blasting and reef clearing project of 18#~22#berth wharf in Fangchenggang as examples, the arrangement and amount of charge are formulated according to the property of rock strata, rock formation, water depth and shallow point thickness of the blasted rock top. The results show that the overpressure of CO2 adobe explosion is 1.87~41.9 times that of CO2 drilling gas explosion under the same cylinder condition. The overpressure of underwater drilling emulsion explosive blasting is 7.9~18.7 times of the water shock wave of CO2 drilling gas explosion, and the vibration value is 3~10 times of the latter. Based on the research on the propagation law of underwater blast wave, this paper comprehensively analyzes the harmful effect of underwater shock wave.

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MO Chong-xun (1974-), male, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in research on hydrology and water resources, (E-mail) .
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在航道疏浚工程中对高于设计水底标高的水下礁石,多采用水下钻爆清礁工艺。而水下岩层通过钻爆清挖后仍有部分岩石未能完全清除并残留不规则,不稳定的水下浅点。实际施工中经常采用乳化炸药水下钻孔爆破或裸露爆破法清除这类孤石,裸爆相对于钻孔爆破,炸药与岩面的接触面小,炸药使用量大,会出现能量利用率低、炸药单耗高、噪音和水击波大,影响生态环境等问题。为了分析浅点爆破影响因素,进行现场监测研究,对比水下薄层岩石裸露爆破法和钻孔爆破法,在相同作用效果下,CO2裸爆、钻孔CO2气爆和钻孔乳化炸药爆破水击波和地震波数据。以防城港18#~22#泊位码头基槽、停泊地开挖、炸礁及清礁工程为例,根据岩层性质、岩层形态、被炸岩石顶部的水深和浅点厚度等制定药包排列和用药量方案。通过对比分析得出相同气瓶条件,CO2裸爆水击波超压值是钻孔CO2气爆的1.87~41.9倍。应用水下钻孔乳化炸药爆破是CO2气爆水击波的7.9~18.7倍,产生的振动数值是后者的3~10倍。本文以解决实际工程问题为基本出发点,在研究水下爆破水击波传播规律的基础上,综合分析水中冲击波有害效应影响规律。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
莫崇勋(1974-),男,教授、博士生导师,主要从事水文水资源方面研究,(E-mail)
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范怀斌(1984-),男,硕士、高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破设计、咨询、安全评估等工作,(E-mail)

FAN Huai-bin (1984-), male, senior engineer, master, mainly engaged in engineering blasting design, consulting and safety assessment, (E-mail) .

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2.Wang Xu-guang Academician Work Station, Guangxi New Harbour, Nanning 530200, China
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范怀斌(1984-),男,硕士、高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破设计、咨询、安全评估等工作,(E-mail)

FAN Huai-bin (1984-), male, senior engineer, master, mainly engaged in engineering blasting design, consulting and safety assessment, (E-mail) .

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范怀斌(1984-),男,硕士、高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破设计、咨询、安全评估等工作,(E-mail)

FAN Huai-bin (1984-), male, senior engineer, master, mainly engaged in engineering blasting design, consulting and safety assessment, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Public information classification management systm of blasting harmful effects monitoring, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355821842485258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=张馨, 孙金山, 张湘平, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张馨, 孙金山, 张湘平, 等. 钻孔爆破炮孔孔壁压力计算模型[J]. 爆破, 2021, 38(3): 1-5., articleTitle=钻孔爆破炮孔孔壁压力计算模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241355821955731474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=ZHANG Xin, SUN Jin-shan, ZHANG Xiang-ping, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Xin, SUN Jin-shan, ZHANG Xiang-ping, et al. 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different number of bottles, figureFileSmall=UZWTaM5bgDFB6fty+TfIuA==, figureFileBig=0G0BxdK5s2f6B0BN/v5PrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355814267572932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同瓶数气体气爆压力时程图, figureFileSmall=UZWTaM5bgDFB6fty+TfIuA==, figureFileBig=0G0BxdK5s2f6B0BN/v5PrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241355815790105294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Detection data of CO2 gas explosion water hammer wave in underwater borehole

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号测点编号记录仪编号传感器编号入水深度/m距离/m超压峰值/MPa
1(双排孔)1#BST20169-21287210.0366
2#BST201321012222.50.0257
3#BST20198128626.80.0137
4#BST20169-112852130.0067
2(单排孔)1#BST20198-21286210.0142
3#BST201301012223.760.0088
3(单排孔)1#BST20198-2128620.50.0588
4(单排孔)1#BST20198-21286212.50.0021
3#BST20130101222130.0010
), ArticleFig(id=1241355815962071764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

水下钻孔CO2气爆水击波监测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号测点编号记录仪编号传感器编号入水深度/m距离/m超压峰值/MPa
1(双排孔)1#BST20169-21287210.0366
2#BST201321012222.50.0257
3#BST20198128626.80.0137
4#BST20169-112852130.0067
2(单排孔)1#BST20198-21286210.0142
3#BST201301012223.760.0088
3(单排孔)1#BST20198-2128620.50.0588
4(单排孔)1#BST20198-21286212.50.0021
3#BST20130101222130.0010
), ArticleFig(id=1241355816113066714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Underwater CO2 gas explosion water hammer wave detection data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号测点编号记录仪编号深度/m入水距离/m超压峰值/MPa备注
11#BST20198-222.300.23080裸爆1瓶液态CO2
2#BST2013223.800.13190
3#BST2013025.560.07020
4#BST20169-228.100.03860
5#BST20169-1214.300.01762
21#BST20198-222.300.55090裸爆2瓶液态CO2
2#BST2013223.800.35230
3#BST2013025.560.19580
31#BST20198-222.300.39630裸爆3瓶液态CO2
2#BST2013223.800.22690
3#BST2013025.560.12800
4#BST20169-228.100.10480
5#BST20169-1214.300.04190
), ArticleFig(id=1241355816234701538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

水下CO2气爆水击波监测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号测点编号记录仪编号深度/m入水距离/m超压峰值/MPa备注
11#BST20198-222.300.23080裸爆1瓶液态CO2
2#BST2013223.800.13190
3#BST2013025.560.07020
4#BST20169-228.100.03860
5#BST20169-1214.300.01762
21#BST20198-222.300.55090裸爆2瓶液态CO2
2#BST2013223.800.35230
3#BST2013025.560.19580
31#BST20198-222.300.39630裸爆3瓶液态CO2
2#BST2013223.800.22690
3#BST2013025.560.12800
4#BST20169-228.100.10480
5#BST20169-1214.300.04190
), ArticleFig(id=1241355816364724971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Water hammer wave detection data of underwater emulsion explosive drilling and blasting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序测点编号记录仪编号传感器编号深度/m入水距离/m超压峰值/MPa备注
11#BST201321011226.000.7238共12个炮孔,每孔装药2.3~2.7 kg,毫秒延时逐孔起爆。
2#BST20169-11128829.10 
3#BST2013010122212.100.3284
4#BST20169-211285215.00 
5#BST20198-111287221.000.1853
21#BST201321011227.251.8649
2#BST20169-111288210.35 
3#BST2013010122213.350.3305
4#BST20169-211285216.25 
5#BST20198-111287222.250.1451
), ArticleFig(id=1241355816452805366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水下乳化炸药钻孔爆破水击波监测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序测点编号记录仪编号传感器编号深度/m入水距离/m超压峰值/MPa备注
11#BST201321011226.000.7238共12个炮孔,每孔装药2.3~2.7 kg,毫秒延时逐孔起爆。
2#BST20169-11128829.10 
3#BST2013010122212.100.3284
4#BST20169-211285215.00 
5#BST20198-111287221.000.1853
21#BST201321011227.251.8649
2#BST20169-111288210.35 
3#BST2013010122213.350.3305
4#BST20169-211285216.25 
5#BST20198-111287222.250.1451
), ArticleFig(id=1241355816549274368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Underwater drilling CO2 gas explosion and emulsion explosive blasting water hammer wave detection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序爆破类型测点编号记录仪编号传感器编号深度/m入水距离/m超压峰值/MPa
1水下钻孔CO2气爆4#BST20198128626.800.0137
5#BST20169-11285213.000.0094
2水下钻孔CO2气爆1#BST20198-21286212.500.0021
3#BST2013010122213.100.0010
3水下钻孔乳化炸药1#BST201321011226.000.7238
3#BST2013010122212.100.3284
4水下钻孔乳化炸药1#BST201321011227.251.8649
3#BST2013010122213.350.3305
), ArticleFig(id=1241355816670909198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

水下钻孔CO2气爆和乳化炸药爆破水击波监测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序爆破类型测点编号记录仪编号传感器编号深度/m入水距离/m超压峰值/MPa
1水下钻孔CO2气爆4#BST20198128626.800.0137
5#BST20169-11285213.000.0094
2水下钻孔CO2气爆1#BST20198-21286212.500.0021
3#BST2013010122213.100.0010
3水下钻孔乳化炸药1#BST201321011226.000.7238
3#BST2013010122212.100.3284
4水下钻孔乳化炸药1#BST201321011227.251.8649
3#BST2013010122213.350.3305
), ArticleFig(id=1241355816788349718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Underwater drilling CO2 gas explosion and emulsion explosive blasting water hammer wave detection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序爆破类型测点编号记录仪编号传感器编号深度/m入水距离/m超压峰值/MPa
1水下钻孔CO2气爆2#BST201321012222.500.02570
 5#BST20169-11285213.000.00940
2水下钻孔CO2气爆3#BST201301012223.760.00880
3水下钻孔CO2气爆1#BST20198-21286212.500.00210
3#BST2013010122213.100.00100
4水下CO2裸爆1#BST20198-2 22.300.23080
2#BST20132 23.800.13190
5#BST20169-1 214.300.01762
5水下CO2裸爆1#BST20198-2128622.300.55090
2#BST201321011223.800.35230
6水下CO2裸爆1#BST20198-2128622.300.39630
2#BST201321011223.800.22690
5#BST20169-11285214.300.04190
), ArticleFig(id=1241355816901595933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

水下钻孔CO2气爆和CO2水下裸爆水击波监测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序爆破类型测点编号记录仪编号传感器编号深度/m入水距离/m超压峰值/MPa
1水下钻孔CO2气爆2#BST201321012222.500.02570
 5#BST20169-11285213.000.00940
2水下钻孔CO2气爆3#BST201301012223.760.00880
3水下钻孔CO2气爆1#BST20198-21286212.500.00210
3#BST2013010122213.100.00100
4水下CO2裸爆1#BST20198-2 22.300.23080
2#BST20132 23.800.13190
5#BST20169-1 214.300.01762
5水下CO2裸爆1#BST20198-2128622.300.55090
2#BST201321011223.800.35230
6水下CO2裸爆1#BST20198-2128622.300.39630
2#BST201321011223.800.22690
5#BST20169-11285214.300.04190
), ArticleFig(id=1241355817014842150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355804654227562, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Vibration velocity of CO2 gas explosion and emulsion explosive blasting test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验次序爆破类型测点编号记录仪编号水平距离/m振动数值/(cm·s-1备注
1水下钻孔CO2气爆靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530638.500.444一次起爆12个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530670.227
2水下钻孔CO2气爆靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530637.500.938一次起爆9个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530670.605
3水下钻孔CO2气爆靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530635.500.929一次起爆8个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530670.527
4水下钻孔乳化炸药爆破靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530638.502.403一次起爆12个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530672.282
5水下钻孔乳化炸药爆破靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530637.252.724一次起爆12个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530672.674
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水下钻孔CO2气爆与乳化炸药爆破试验振速

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试验次序爆破类型测点编号记录仪编号水平距离/m振动数值/(cm·s-1备注
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靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530670.227
2水下钻孔CO2气爆靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530637.500.938一次起爆9个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530670.605
3水下钻孔CO2气爆靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530635.500.929一次起爆8个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530670.527
4水下钻孔乳化炸药爆破靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530638.502.403一次起爆12个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530672.282
5水下钻孔乳化炸药爆破靠船墩顶-1#STMT122530637.252.724一次起爆12个炮孔
靠船墩临水面-2#STMT122530672.674
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CO2气爆水击波与地震波效应试验研究
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范怀斌 1, 2, 3 , 陆少锋 1, 2, 3 , 莫崇勋 4a , 覃才勇 1, 2, 3 , 刁约 4b , 杨超 5
爆破 | 特种爆破 2023,40(4): 154-160
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爆破 | 特种爆破 2023, 40(4): 154-160
CO2气爆水击波与地震波效应试验研究
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范怀斌1, 2, 3 , 陆少锋1, 2, 3, 莫崇勋4a , 覃才勇1, 2, 3, 刁约4b, 杨超5
作者信息
  • 1.广西新港湾工程有限公司,南宁 530200
  • 2.广西新港湾 汪旭光院士工作站,南宁 530200
  • 3.广西壮族自治区水下破岩工程研究中心,南宁 530200
  • 4a.广西大学 土木建筑工程学院,南宁 530004
  • 4b.广西大学 资源与环境学院,南宁 530004
  • 5.桂林理工大学材料科学与工程学院,桂林 541004
  • 范怀斌(1984-),男,硕士、高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破设计、咨询、安全评估等工作,(E-mail)

    FAN Huai-bin (1984-), male, senior engineer, master, mainly engaged in engineering blasting design, consulting and safety assessment, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

莫崇勋(1974-),男,教授、博士生导师,主要从事水文水资源方面研究,(E-mail)
Experimental Study on Water Hammer Wave and Seismic Wave Effect of CO2 Gas Explosion
Huai-bin FAN1, 2, 3 , Shao-feng LU1, 2, 3, Chong-xun MO4a , Cai-yong QIN1, 2, 3, Yue DIAO4b, Chao YANG5
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangxi New Harbour Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanning 530200, China
  • 2.Wang Xu-guang Academician Work Station, Guangxi New Harbour, Nanning 530200, China
  • 3.Reasearch Institution of Underwater Rock-Cutting Engineering at Guangxi Zhuang Municipality Region, Nanning 530200, China
  • 4a.School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 4b.College of Resources and Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 5.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2023-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.020
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在航道疏浚工程中对高于设计水底标高的水下礁石,多采用水下钻爆清礁工艺。而水下岩层通过钻爆清挖后仍有部分岩石未能完全清除并残留不规则,不稳定的水下浅点。实际施工中经常采用乳化炸药水下钻孔爆破或裸露爆破法清除这类孤石,裸爆相对于钻孔爆破,炸药与岩面的接触面小,炸药使用量大,会出现能量利用率低、炸药单耗高、噪音和水击波大,影响生态环境等问题。为了分析浅点爆破影响因素,进行现场监测研究,对比水下薄层岩石裸露爆破法和钻孔爆破法,在相同作用效果下,CO2裸爆、钻孔CO2气爆和钻孔乳化炸药爆破水击波和地震波数据。以防城港18#~22#泊位码头基槽、停泊地开挖、炸礁及清礁工程为例,根据岩层性质、岩层形态、被炸岩石顶部的水深和浅点厚度等制定药包排列和用药量方案。通过对比分析得出相同气瓶条件,CO2裸爆水击波超压值是钻孔CO2气爆的1.87~41.9倍。应用水下钻孔乳化炸药爆破是CO2气爆水击波的7.9~18.7倍,产生的振动数值是后者的3~10倍。本文以解决实际工程问题为基本出发点,在研究水下爆破水击波传播规律的基础上,综合分析水中冲击波有害效应影响规律。

水下爆破  /  CO2气爆  /  浅点  /  水击波  /  地震波

In channel dredging engineering, the underwater drilling and blasting technology is often used for underwater reefs higher than the designed bottom elevation. However, after drilling and blasting, there are still some rocks that cannot be completely removed and irregular and unstable underwater shallow points remaining. In actual construction, emulsified explosive is often used to remove such isolated stones. Compared with drilling and blasting, adobe blasting has small contact surface between explosive and rock face, large amount of explosive, low energy utilization rate, high explosive consumption, large noise and water shock wave, affecting ecological environment and so on. In order to analyze the influencing factors of shallow blasting, field monitoring research was carried out to compare the adobe blasting underwater and the drilling & blasting method. Under the same effect, the water hammer wave and seismic wave data of CO2 adobe blasting, drilling CO2 gas blasting and drilling emulsion explosive blasting were obtained. In this paper, taking the foundation groove, berthing excavation, reef blasting and reef clearing project of 18#~22#berth wharf in Fangchenggang as examples, the arrangement and amount of charge are formulated according to the property of rock strata, rock formation, water depth and shallow point thickness of the blasted rock top. The results show that the overpressure of CO2 adobe explosion is 1.87~41.9 times that of CO2 drilling gas explosion under the same cylinder condition. The overpressure of underwater drilling emulsion explosive blasting is 7.9~18.7 times of the water shock wave of CO2 drilling gas explosion, and the vibration value is 3~10 times of the latter. Based on the research on the propagation law of underwater blast wave, this paper comprehensively analyzes the harmful effect of underwater shock wave.

underwater blasting  /  CO2 gas explosion  /  shallow point  /  water hammer wave  /  seismic wave
范怀斌, 陆少锋, 莫崇勋, 覃才勇, 刁约, 杨超. CO2气爆水击波与地震波效应试验研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (4) : 154 -160 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.020
Huai-bin FAN, Shao-feng LU, Chong-xun MO, Cai-yong QIN, Yue DIAO, Chao YANG. Experimental Study on Water Hammer Wave and Seismic Wave Effect of CO2 Gas Explosion[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (4) : 154 -160 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.020
水下炸礁施工中孤石清除通常采用岩石裸露爆破的方式,通过爆炸后的爆轰对岩石局部产生压缩、粉碎和击穿作用。裸爆能量利用率低、炸药单耗高、噪音和水击波大。但是其具有爆破作业简单,不需要钻孔及其他机械设备,施工速度快的特点。
水下炸礁对附近建筑物和水体会产生较强的震动效应和水击波。在已有文献中,国内赵根团队梳理了水下爆破技术的发展脉络,从水下爆破机理及爆破方案设计优化方面,为水下爆破技术在港口码头建设、水运航道疏浚及交通桥梁水下爆破施工领域提供了实践和理论支撑[1]。赵根等为实现深水条件下的岩塞钻孔爆破贯通与成型,系统研究深水条件下岩塞钻孔爆破的贯通机理[2]。赵根等通过爆破试验以及对监测资料的分析,得到了高能、普通乳化炸药的水中爆炸冲击波传播规律[3]。赵根等设计采用了大型非电接力式起爆网路[4]。赵根通过多种方式相结合的研究方法,系统研究了深水条件下围堰拆除爆破理论,分析了水深对爆破效果的影响,建立了水下爆破设计装药量与陆地爆破设计装药量之间的关系式,解决了深水条件下围堰拆除爆破诸多关键技术问题,提出了适合水下爆破的块度预测模型,建立了水下爆破炸药单耗与爆破块度的关系[5]。赵根等从准爆率、延时精度、安全可靠性等方面进行综合分析和比较,分析了各项性能优异的电子雷管起爆系统[6]。吴新霞等以工程案例的形式分析了特殊水工岩体结构的爆破拆除技术[7]。杜少卿等结合襄阳鱼梁洲东线沉管隧道对接端止水墙爆破拆除实例,介绍了在水深大、壁厚薄且施工作业面狭窄、距被保护建筑物近以及存在一级水保生物等复杂条件下的止水墙爆破拆除施工作业技术[8]。吴新霞等建立了爆破有害效应监测公共信息分级管理系统[9]。张馨等通过简化分析爆炸气体体积的变化,并基于理想气体状态方程,分别确定了各阶段孔壁压力随时间变化的数学函数[10]
通过对已有的研究成果分析得知:国内学者在水下爆破能量计算方面进行了一些的探索。然而,对岩石气爆的地震波和水击波超压峰值传播衰减规律分析与设计方面还需进一步研究。本文以水下水下CO2气爆为研究对象,采用水击波超压峰值、地震波振动数值监测分析,并通过对比分析能量分布特征及振动衰减规律进行了研究。
CO2膨胀爆破简称“CO2气爆”,以液态CO2受热气化膨胀做功的一种爆破技术,为获取CO2裸爆技术参数,进行了CO2气爆水下破岩新技术的研究。
试验分水下钻孔CO2气爆、水下CO2致裂管裸爆、水下钻孔乳化炸药爆破,监测相应的水击波超压、地震波振速。试验地点位于广西防城港18#~22#泊位码头,现场布置见图1所示。
(1)CO2气爆的致裂管长1.3 m,直径76 mm,抗压强度为90~100 MPa,每根致裂管充装5 kg液态CO2。试验起爆网路连接采用串联方式,孔内气爆的炮孔直径115 mm,孔距1.25 m,每孔安装一根致裂管,采用水下速凝水泥堵孔。
(2)CO2裸爆将充装液态CO2后的致裂管放入水下岩面进行水底裸爆试验。
(3)乳化炸药爆破试验,每次试验起爆12个炮孔,炮孔直径115 mm,孔距1.25 m,每孔装乳化炸药2.3~2.7 kg,装药结构为不耦合装药形式,使用普通毫秒延期电雷管,采用毫秒延时逐孔起爆方式,每孔为一个段别,采用并联起爆网路连接。连接块用低密度聚乙烯树脂注塑而成。连接块中心孔插入一发8号传爆雷管,中心孔四周均匀分布一层或两层导爆管,传爆雷管与导爆管间都用塑料隔开,其距离不得小于1 mm,连接块外壁与外层导爆管间的壁厚不小于2 mm。
(4)本次使用数码电子雷管为广西金建华爆破器材工有限公司生产的三码合一普通毫秒延期电雷管,在控制子系统中集成设计了高精度延时计时模块以及耐冲击延时计时模块,二者相互协作,有效保证了水下电子雷管精确、稳定延时计时起爆;在爆破开始时,基于高精度延时计时模块的晶体振荡器高精度计时的特点,对耐冲击延时计时模块中具有耐冲击性能的谐振振荡器的计时精度进行校正,在确保电子雷管延时计时精确的基础上,有效提升了电子雷管耐冲击能力。如图2所示。
采用PCB-W138型水下压力传感器监测CO2气爆和乳化炸药爆炸产生的水击波,采用TC-4850爆破测振仪监测地震波振速。试验监测数据如表1~3所示。
通过水下钻孔CO2气爆水击波监测数据表1可知:
1)4次试验测得9个水击波超压数据,距离从0.5 m增加到12.5 m的过程中,水击波超压值变化28倍,超压值随距离的增加下降趋势明显。
2)距离为1 m时,单双排水击波超压变化2.58倍;距离为12.5到13 m之间,单双排孔水击波超压值变化为3.19倍~6.7倍。水击波超压因爆破孔数的增加而增大。
表2可知,三次试验测得13个水击波超压数据,水击波超压峰值最大值为第六次试验1#测点的0.5509 MPa,最小值为第五次试验5#测点的0.01762 MPa。1#测点~5#测点至爆区距离分别为2.3 m、3.8 m、5.56 m、8.1 m、14.3 m,水击波超压分别为0.2308 MPa、0.1319 MPa、0.0702 MPa、0.0386 MPa、0.01762 MPa,水击波超压因距离增加而下降趋势明显,最大变化幅度达13倍。图3为不同瓶数气体裸爆压力时程图。
通过压力时程可知:
1)超压峰值与液态CO2相变为超临界CO2的反应时间呈正相关关系;在管体破裂前相变时间越长,超压峰值越大;管体破裂后压力很快降至负压。
2)水击波正压持续时间基本为16 ms,负压持续时间为139 ms,随后出现脉动响应,第一次脉动响应周期为204 ms。当两瓶气体相变致裂间隔时间小于水击波作用时间时,压力相互干扰情况显著。例如,当第二瓶气体在第一瓶气体负压区起爆时,极大地削减超压峰值。
3)水中爆炸和空中爆炸一样,水中爆炸冲击波形成后,将不断向外传播,强度随着距离增加衰减。其衰减规律用理论求解比较困难。经实验数据推导总结CO2水下气爆水击波超压衰减规律。
经验公式
式中:P为水击波超压峰值,MPa;Q为CO2气爆装气量,kg;L为炮孔至水击波测点的水平距离,m。
表3可知,水击波超压峰值最大值为1#测点的1.8649 MPa,最小值为5#测点的0.1451 MPa。
比较3个测点的至爆区距离和水击波超压,1#测点、3#测点、5#测点至爆区距离分别为6 m、12.1 m、21 m,水击波超压分别为0.7238 MPa、0.3284 MPa、0.1853 MPa,水击波超压因距离增加而下降趋势明显,最大变化幅度达3.9倍。
1)由表4可知,选取距离相近的几组监测数据:6.8 m、6.0 m、7.25 m,对应的水击波超压为:0.0137 MPa、0.7238 MPa、1.8649 MPa,相同开挖规模(炮孔参数相同)的乳化炸药爆破与CO2气爆相比,乳化炸药的水击波超压是CO2气爆水击波超压的52.8~136倍。
2)选取距离相近的几组监测数据:13 m、12.5 m、13.1 m、12.1 m、13.35 m,对应的水击波超压为:0.0094 MPa、0.0021 MPa、0.001 MPa、0.3284 MPa、0.3305 MPa,相同开挖规模(炮孔参数相同)的乳化炸药爆破与CO2气爆相比,乳化炸药的水击波超压是CO2气爆水击波超压的34.9~330倍。
通过上述对比分析,同等规模的爆破条件下,CO2气爆相对乳化炸药水击波超压降低效果是34.9~330倍。
1)从表5中选取测点距离为2.3~2.5 m的几组测试数据,2.3 m处CO2裸爆实测水击波超压分别为0.2308 MPa、0.5509 MPa、0.3963 MPa,2.5 m处水下钻孔CO2气爆实测实测水击波超压为0.0257 MPa,由此可见相同气瓶条件下,水下CO2裸爆的水击波超压是水下钻孔CO2气爆水击波超压的8.98~21.4倍。
2)选取距离相近的几组监测数据:3.76 m、3.8 m、3.8 m、3.8 m,对应的水击波超压为:0.0088 MPa、0.1319 MPa、0.3523 MPa、0.2269 MPa。CO2裸爆与水下钻孔CO2气爆相比,相同气瓶条件下,水下CO2裸爆的水击波超压是水下钻孔CO2气爆水击波超压的15~40倍。
3)选取距离相近的几组监测数据:13 m、12.5 m、13.1 m、14.3 m、14.3 m,对应的水击波超压为:0.0094MPa、0.0021 MPa、0.0010 MPa、0.01762 MPa、0.0419 MPa,CO2裸爆与水下钻孔CO2气爆相比,相同气瓶条件下,水下CO2裸爆的水击波超压是水下钻孔CO2气爆水击波超压的1.87~41.9倍。
通过上述对比分析,说明使用相同气瓶条件下,水下CO2裸爆是水下钻孔CO2气爆水击波超压的1.87~41.9倍。
水下CO2孔内气爆和水下乳化炸药孔内装药爆破,在5.5~8.5 m之间的测距范围内,水下CO2孔内气爆试验振速为0.227~0.938 cm/s之间,水下乳化炸药爆破试验振速为2.282~2.724 cm/s之间,在设定的爆破参数下,CO2孔内气爆振动数值是乳化炸药孔内爆破数值的1/10~1/3。CO2气爆与乳化炸药爆破试验振速如表6所示。
水下爆破含爆轰、水击波传播以及水介质与结构的相互作用三个阶段。为控制和减少爆破水击波有害效应,研究水下爆破振动衰减规律,依托防城港18#~22#泊位码头下游船墩前沿爆破施工区域,开展了水下钻孔爆破数据监测,测试水击波超压峰值、地震波振动数值。
(1)水下CO2气爆水击波超压因距离增加而下降趋势明显,随着水下裸爆的气瓶数增加,水击波超压明显增加。
(2)使用相同气瓶条件下,水下裸露CO2气爆是水下钻孔CO2气爆水击波超压的1.87~41.9倍。
(3)在距离相近、同等开挖规模条件下,水下钻孔CO2气爆产生的振动速度值只有水下钻孔爆破产生的爆破振动速度值的1/10~1/3。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51969004)
  • 广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD20238084)
  • 广西重点研发计划(桂科AB22035001)
  • 防城港市重点研发计划(防科AB21014001; 防科AB20014013)
  • 广西交通运输行业重点科技项目(桂交便函〔2022〕174号)
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2023年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.020
  • 接收时间:2021-12-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-24
基金
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(51969004)
国家自然科学基金项目(51969004)
Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project(桂科AD20238084)
广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD20238084)
Guangxi Key R&D Plan(桂科AB22035001)
广西重点研发计划(桂科AB22035001)
Key R&D Plan of Fangchenggang City(防科AB21014001; 防科AB20014013)
防城港市重点研发计划(防科AB21014001; 防科AB20014013)
Key Science and Technology Projects in the Transportation Industry of Guangxi(桂交便函〔2022〕174号)
广西交通运输行业重点科技项目(桂交便函〔2022〕174号)
作者信息
    1.广西新港湾工程有限公司,南宁 530200
    2.广西新港湾 汪旭光院士工作站,南宁 530200
    3.广西壮族自治区水下破岩工程研究中心,南宁 530200
    4a.广西大学 土木建筑工程学院,南宁 530004
    4b.广西大学 资源与环境学院,南宁 530004
    5.桂林理工大学材料科学与工程学院,桂林 541004

通讯作者:

莫崇勋(1974-),男,教授、博士生导师,主要从事水文水资源方面研究,(E-mail)
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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