Article(id=1241355800770301952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1670774400000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773891886179, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1701360000000, pubDateStr=2023-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773891886179, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773891886179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773891886179, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241355799189058005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773891885801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773898068569, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=115, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241355802515132426, articleId=1241355800770301952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Response and Failure of Short Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Load by Drop Hammer, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Reinforced concrete (RC) short beam is the key load-bearing component of buildings. In order to study its dynamic response and failure mechanism under impact load, drop hammer impact tests with different impact mass, impact velocity and impact energy were carried out by combining strain gauge sensor, high-speed photography and digital image technology (DIC). The results show that, the failure forms of the short RC beams under impact loads are arch collapse cracks and overall bending deformation, which are obviously different from those of shallow beams. The axial strain in the mid span of a short RC beam changes from tensile strain to compressive strain. With the increase of impact energy (18 061 J≤E≤49 831 J), the axial peak tensile strain and residual compressive strain in the mid span increase first and then decrease. The short RC beam is in the stage of elastic flexural deformation, elastic-plastic flexural deformation and punching shear failure mode in turn. The crack initiation and propagation process of the short RC beam under impact load is not unidirectional. And the fracture zone is formed by the multidirectional fracture propagation with multiple times, and then the plastic hinge is formed, resulting in the overall short beam failure. The deformation degree of the beam mainly depends on the impact speed rather than the impact energy. Specifically, the peak deflection and residual deflection in the middle span of the beam (26.81 mm≤wp≤29.85 mm; 17.12 mm≤wr≤21.66 mm) increase with the increase of the impact speed (5.53 m/s≤v≤7.13 m/s) under the same impact energy (30 000 J).

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JIA Yong-sheng (1970-), male, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in research and practice of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .
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钢筋混凝土短梁是建构筑物的关键承力构件,为研究其在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应及破坏机制,结合应变式传感器、高速摄影、数字图像技术(DIC)等测量手段,开展了不同冲击体质量、冲击速度和冲击能量下的落锤冲击试验。结果表明:(1)冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁破坏形式表现为拱形震坍裂缝和整体弯曲变形,与浅梁破坏形式有明显差异;(2)钢筋混凝土短梁跨中轴向应变由拉应变转为压应变,随着冲击能量增加(18 061 J≤E≤49 831 J),跨中轴向峰值拉应变、残余压应变均先增大后减小,钢筋混凝土短梁依次处于弹塑性挠曲变形、冲剪破坏模式阶段;(3)冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁的裂缝萌生和扩展过程并不是单向的,裂缝多次多向扩展形成裂缝带,进而形成塑性铰,导致短梁整体破坏;(4)梁体变形程度主要取决于冲击速度而非冲击能量,具体表现相同冲击能量(30 000 J)下,随着冲击速度增加(5.53 m/s≤v≤7.13 m/s),梁体跨中峰值挠度和残余挠度相应增大(26.81 mm≤wp≤29.85 mm;17.12 mm≤wr≤21.66 mm)。研究成果可为钢筋混凝土短梁的抗冲击性能设计、拆除爆破工程设计提供试验依据和机制认识。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
贾永胜(1970-),男,教授、博士,主要从事工程爆破研究与实践工作,(E-mail)
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杜宇翔(1992-),男,副教授、博士,主要从事工程爆破方面的科研工作,(E-mail)

DU Yu-xiang (1992-), male, associate professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in scientific research in engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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杜宇翔(1992-),男,副教授、博士,主要从事工程爆破方面的科研工作,(E-mail)

DU Yu-xiang (1992-), male, associate professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in scientific research in engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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杜宇翔(1992-),男,副教授、博士,主要从事工程爆破方面的科研工作,(E-mail)

DU Yu-xiang (1992-), male, associate professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in scientific research in engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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Test design conditions

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编号锤体质量/kg冲击高度/m冲击速度/(m·s-1冲击能量/J
1-111801.565.5318 061
1-215701.565.5324 031
1-319601.565.5330 000
2-111801.956.1822 548
2-215701.956.1830 000
2-319601.956.1837 452
3-111802.597.1330 000
3-215702.597.1339 915
3-319602.597.1349 831
), ArticleFig(id=1241355817421689668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355800770301952, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验设计工况

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编号锤体质量/kg冲击高度/m冲击速度/(m·s-1冲击能量/J
1-111801.565.5318 061
1-215701.565.5324 031
1-319601.565.5330 000
2-111801.956.1822 548
2-215701.956.1830 000
2-319601.956.1837 452
3-111802.597.1330 000
3-215702.597.1339 915
3-319602.597.1349 831
), ArticleFig(id=1241355817534935883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355800770301952, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Axial peak strain and residual strain in midspan

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编号冲击能量/J峰值应变εp/mm残余应变εr/mm
1-118 061291.45-422.25
1-224 031105.58-107.11
1-330 0001862.56-710.71
2-122 548357.66-211.11
2-230 0002753.56-772.85
2-337 4521607.84-769.68
3-130 0002076.57-670.45
3-239 9151764.28-550.03
3-349 831437.88-461.41
), ArticleFig(id=1241355817643987797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355800770301952, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

跨中轴向峰值应变和残余应变

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号冲击能量/J峰值应变εp/mm残余应变εr/mm
1-118 061291.45-422.25
1-224 031105.58-107.11
1-330 0001862.56-710.71
2-122 548357.66-211.11
2-230 0002753.56-772.85
2-337 4521607.84-769.68
3-130 0002076.57-670.45
3-239 9151764.28-550.03
3-349 831437.88-461.41
), ArticleFig(id=1241355817727873882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355800770301952, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Peak deflection and residual deflection at mid span of beam

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号峰值挠度wp/mm残余挠度wr/mm
1-1-15.89-8.95
1-2-20.99-11.57
1-3-26.01-17.12
2-1-24.28-16.70
2-2-26.81-18.82
2-3-42.56-29.76
3-1-29.85-21.66
3-2-42.38-30.45
3-3-58.34-39.84
), ArticleFig(id=1241355817799177057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355800770301952, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

梁体跨中峰值挠度与残余挠度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号峰值挠度wp/mm残余挠度wr/mm
1-1-15.89-8.95
1-2-20.99-11.57
1-3-26.01-17.12
2-1-24.28-16.70
2-2-26.81-18.82
2-3-42.56-29.76
3-1-29.85-21.66
3-2-42.38-30.45
3-3-58.34-39.84
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落锤冲击作用下钢筋混凝土短梁响应及破坏试验研究
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杜宇翔 a, b, c , 贾永胜 a, b, c , 孙金山 a, b, c, d , 姚颖康 a, b, c , 谢全民 a, b, c , 汪远远 a, b, c , 聂森林 a, b, c
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023,40(4): 115-123
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023, 40(4): 115-123
落锤冲击作用下钢筋混凝土短梁响应及破坏试验研究
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杜宇翔a, b, c , 贾永胜a, b, c , 孙金山a, b, c, d, 姚颖康a, b, c, 谢全民a, b, c, 汪远远a, b, c, 聂森林a, b, c
作者信息
  • a.江汉大学 精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • b.江汉大学 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • c.江汉大学 湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院,武汉 430056
  • d.江汉大学 数字建造与爆破工程学院,武汉 430056
  • 杜宇翔(1992-),男,副教授、博士,主要从事工程爆破方面的科研工作,(E-mail)

    DU Yu-xiang (1992-), male, associate professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in scientific research in engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

贾永胜(1970-),男,教授、博士,主要从事工程爆破研究与实践工作,(E-mail)
Experimental Study on Response and Failure of Short Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Load by Drop Hammer
Yu-xiang DUa, b, c , Yong-sheng JIAa, b, c , Jin-shan SUNa, b, c, d, Ying-kang YAOa, b, c, Quan-min XIEa, b, c, Yuan-yuan WANGa, b, c, Sen-lin NIEa, b, c
Affiliations
  • a.State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • b.Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • c.Hubei (Wuhan) Institute of Explosion Science and Blasting Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • d.School of Digital Construction and Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2023-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.016
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钢筋混凝土短梁是建构筑物的关键承力构件,为研究其在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应及破坏机制,结合应变式传感器、高速摄影、数字图像技术(DIC)等测量手段,开展了不同冲击体质量、冲击速度和冲击能量下的落锤冲击试验。结果表明:(1)冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁破坏形式表现为拱形震坍裂缝和整体弯曲变形,与浅梁破坏形式有明显差异;(2)钢筋混凝土短梁跨中轴向应变由拉应变转为压应变,随着冲击能量增加(18 061 J≤E≤49 831 J),跨中轴向峰值拉应变、残余压应变均先增大后减小,钢筋混凝土短梁依次处于弹塑性挠曲变形、冲剪破坏模式阶段;(3)冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁的裂缝萌生和扩展过程并不是单向的,裂缝多次多向扩展形成裂缝带,进而形成塑性铰,导致短梁整体破坏;(4)梁体变形程度主要取决于冲击速度而非冲击能量,具体表现相同冲击能量(30 000 J)下,随着冲击速度增加(5.53 m/s≤v≤7.13 m/s),梁体跨中峰值挠度和残余挠度相应增大(26.81 mm≤wp≤29.85 mm;17.12 mm≤wr≤21.66 mm)。研究成果可为钢筋混凝土短梁的抗冲击性能设计、拆除爆破工程设计提供试验依据和机制认识。

钢筋混凝土短梁  /  落锤冲击试验  /  冲击能量  /  动力响应  /  破坏机制

Reinforced concrete (RC) short beam is the key load-bearing component of buildings. In order to study its dynamic response and failure mechanism under impact load, drop hammer impact tests with different impact mass, impact velocity and impact energy were carried out by combining strain gauge sensor, high-speed photography and digital image technology (DIC). The results show that, the failure forms of the short RC beams under impact loads are arch collapse cracks and overall bending deformation, which are obviously different from those of shallow beams. The axial strain in the mid span of a short RC beam changes from tensile strain to compressive strain. With the increase of impact energy (18 061 J≤E≤49 831 J), the axial peak tensile strain and residual compressive strain in the mid span increase first and then decrease. The short RC beam is in the stage of elastic flexural deformation, elastic-plastic flexural deformation and punching shear failure mode in turn. The crack initiation and propagation process of the short RC beam under impact load is not unidirectional. And the fracture zone is formed by the multidirectional fracture propagation with multiple times, and then the plastic hinge is formed, resulting in the overall short beam failure. The deformation degree of the beam mainly depends on the impact speed rather than the impact energy. Specifically, the peak deflection and residual deflection in the middle span of the beam (26.81 mm≤wp≤29.85 mm; 17.12 mm≤wr≤21.66 mm) increase with the increase of the impact speed (5.53 m/s≤v≤7.13 m/s) under the same impact energy (30 000 J).

short RC beam  /  drop hammer impact test  /  impact energy  /  dynamic response  /  failure mechanism
杜宇翔, 贾永胜, 孙金山, 姚颖康, 谢全民, 汪远远, 聂森林. 落锤冲击作用下钢筋混凝土短梁响应及破坏试验研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (4) : 115 -123 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.016
Yu-xiang DU, Yong-sheng JIA, Jin-shan SUN, Ying-kang YAO, Quan-min XIE, Yuan-yuan WANG, Sen-lin NIE. Experimental Study on Response and Failure of Short Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Load by Drop Hammer[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (4) : 115 -123 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.016
钢筋混凝土结构是目前最常见的工程结构类型之一,在使用过程中可能遭受各种自然或人为的爆炸、冲击动力灾害。此外,在常见的爆破拆除过程中,钢筋混凝土结构需按照拆除爆破设计要求定向倒塌和充分解体。钢筋混凝土梁是钢筋混凝土结构的主要构件之一,根据受力形式和承载性能可分为短梁和浅梁,《混凝土结构设计规范》将跨高比小于5的梁定义为短梁[1],短梁以承受竖向荷载为主,广泛应用于房建、市政、交通、水工等领域,例如剪力墙连梁、框支梁、箱型基础箱梁、高桩码头横梁等[2]。钢筋混凝土短梁具有较大的承载力,往往是建构筑物的关键承力构件。因此,钢筋混凝土短梁的冲击动力响应及破坏机制研究,对于抗爆结构设计和拆除爆破工程设计均具有重要的理论指导意义。
在钢筋混凝土短梁力学性能方面,国内外学者开展了相关试验和理论研究,高丹盈[3]、周云等开展了钢筋混凝土短梁的受弯试验[4],研究了配筋率对梁体极限承载力的影响,提出了短梁抗弯刚度过程曲线的计算方法。李平先、Omeman等研究了钢筋混凝土短梁受剪变形破坏特征[5,6],提出了短梁受剪承载力计算方法,探讨了加固混凝土短梁的抗剪性能。熊进刚等通过试验分析了钢筋混凝土简支短梁的挠度曲线特征[7],探讨了钢筋混凝土短梁的破坏模式。Fan研究了温度对钢筋混凝土短梁受剪切力作用时跨中挠度、破坏模式的影响[8],提出了计算模型用于预测钢筋混凝土的高温性能。目前针对钢筋混凝土短梁的研究主要是通过静力学试验分析其承载性能及影响因素,对于动态冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁力学响应的研究较少。
由于材料的率敏感性和惯性效应存在[9],冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的响应和静力荷载作用下明显不同。国内外学者对钢筋混凝土梁的冲击动力响应开展了大量的试验研究,Kishi等通过落锤冲击试验研究发现冲击体形状对钢筋混凝土梁整体破坏形态影响较小[10],试验结论为落锤冲击试验设计提供了思路。Bentur等研究表明冲击荷载作用下梁体变形破坏过程中惯性荷载所占比重约为2/3,Lan和Shah研究表明钢筋混凝土梁动态极限强度相对于静态强度提升了15%~25%,同时探究了加载速率对构件裂缝发展和分布规律的影响[11,12]。赵德博通过开展落锤冲击试验[13],记录了冲击力和跨中位移,分析了冲击能量的耗散规律。Kulkarni和Shah开展了钢筋混凝土梁不同速率加载试验[14],结果表明高速加载时梁体裂缝数量减少,破坏形式为剪切破坏,不同于静载条件下的弯曲破坏形式,其他学者也得到了类似结论[15-23]。国内外学者通过试验研究表明,钢筋混凝土梁动态力学性能与静态力学性能有较大差异,而目前试验研究对象主要以浅梁为主,鉴于短梁和浅梁的受力形式和静力承载性能有明显区别,需对钢筋混凝土短梁动态力学性能展开进一步试验研究,探究其在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应及破坏机制。
基于上述问题,通过开展钢筋混凝土短梁的落锤冲击试验,试验变量设置为冲击体质量、冲击速度和冲击能量,研究了钢筋混凝土短梁的破坏形态、变形发展过程和跨中挠度的变化,分析了冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁变形破坏的影响因素和影响规律,探讨了钢筋混凝土短梁冲击破坏机制。研究成果为钢筋混凝土短梁的抗冲击性能设计、拆除爆破工程设计提供了试验依据和机制认识。
本次试验所制备的钢筋混凝土短梁截面尺寸为400 mm×400 mm,长度为1200 mm,跨度与高度之比为3,梁体共配置12根纵向钢筋,直径为22 mm,配筋率为2.85%;箍筋采用光圆钢筋,直径为8 mm,间距100 mm,纵筋保护层厚度为50 mm,混凝土标号为C30,试件尺寸及配筋如图1所示。
试验采用江汉大学爆破研究院落锤冲击试验机DTM-2504,主锤体质量为1180 kg,单个砝码质量为30 kg,最多可配置26个砝码,总锤体质量为1960 kg,最大冲击高度为2600 mm,最大冲击速度为7.14 m/s。试验所采用的支承条件为两端简支,试验装置如图2所示。
本次试验主要研究钢筋混凝土短梁在不同条件冲击荷载作用下的变形破坏过程和破坏机制,共设计了9种工况,试验变量为冲击速度、冲击体质量和冲击能量,如表1所示。
试验测量数据包括:①梁体跨中轴向应变;②梁体破裂区域动态应变;③冲击过程高速摄影图像;④梁体跨中挠度。梁体跨中轴向应变采用应变式传感器结合DH8302高性能动态信号采集分析系统进行采集,梁体破裂区域应变演化过程采用高速摄影图像结合数字图像技术(DIC)进行分析,梁体跨中挠度采用高频位移传感器进行采集,梁体冲击破坏过程采用PHANTOM高速摄像机进行记录,试验测量方案如图3所示。
不同工况冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁破坏形态如图4所示,由结果分析可知:
(1)冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁破坏形式表现为震坍裂缝和整体弯曲变形,裂缝延伸至支承端,梁体破坏程度与冲击体质量、冲击速度和冲击能量密切相关;(2)当冲击能量小于30 000 J时(1-1、1-2、2-1),震坍裂缝生成于梁体对称中心两侧,形成具有一定宽度的裂缝带,裂缝带两端与梁体底面夹角约为45°,并在梁体中部贯通,整体呈拱形分布,整体弯曲变形小;(3)当冲击能量增至30 000 J时(1-3、2-2、3-1),裂缝带仍然呈拱形分布,但裂缝带曲率半径有所增大,且裂缝更为密集,梁体整体弯曲变形不大;(4)当冲击能量大于30 000 J时(2-3、3-2、3-3),裂缝带呈“八”字形分布,冲击部位局部变形较大,部分钢筋裸露,整体弯曲变形较大;(5)冲击荷载作用下短梁破坏形态受支承端影响较大,与浅梁破坏形态有明显差异,如图5所示。
试验监测了梁体跨中轴向应变,将锤头与梁体接触作为初始时刻,应变时程曲线如图6所示,结果表明:在0~2 ms,梁体跨中轴向应变表现为拉应变,应变增大到峰值后迅速恢复至初始状态;在2~30 ms,梁体跨中轴向应变表现为压应变;在30~40 ms,梁体跨中轴向应变趋于稳定,表现为残余压应变。由结果分析可知:钢筋混凝土短梁在冲击荷载作用下发生弹塑性挠曲变形,跨中部位产生轴向拉应变,冲击荷载作用结束后,梁体弹性变形恢复,跨中部位产生轴向压应变,梁体塑性变形表现为中部震坍破坏,形成两个对称倾斜塑性铰,中部拱形震坍段相对于初始状态弯矩减小,初始轴向拉应力释放,因此轴向残余应变表现为压应变。
表2给出了不同工况梁体跨中轴向峰值应变和残余应变,峰值应变、残余应变与冲击能量的关系如图7所示,结果表明:峰值拉应变、残余压应变随冲击能量增加均表现为先增大后减小的趋势;结合钢筋混凝土短梁冲击破坏形态,分析原因:冲击能量较小时(E<30 000 J),梁体挠曲变形不明显,拱形震坍裂缝不发育,两侧未形成明显的塑性铰,峰值拉应变、残余压应变均较小;随着冲击能量增大(30 000 J<E<40 000 J),梁体发生较明显弹塑性挠曲变形,拱形震坍裂缝发育,两侧形成塑性铰,峰值拉应变、残余压应变较大;当冲击能量继续增大(E>40 000 J),梁体表现为冲剪破坏模式,塑性铰呈“八”字形,梁体两侧与中部震塌段错开,中间段未发生明显挠曲变形,因此跨中轴向峰值拉应变、残余压应变反而减小。
为了进一步分析冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁的变形破坏过程,揭示短梁冲击破坏机制,通过高速DIC对3-3工况钢筋混凝土短梁裂缝带区域应变发展过程进行了测量,得到最大主应变云图,选取2 ms、4 ms、8 ms时刻,分别提取6个纵向截面最大主应变,根据峰值应变时空演变过程,绘制潜在扩展裂缝及扩展方向,如图8所示,结果表明:在0~2 ms,潜在裂缝位于梁体下部,表现为由梁体中心向梁体两端扩展的趋势,裂缝呈拱形分布;在2~4 ms,拱形裂缝发展至梁体上部,由梁体两端向梁体中心扩展;在4~8 ms,裂缝由梁体中心和梁体两端同时向中部扩展汇聚,发展形成一定宽度的裂缝带。高速DIC分析结果表明:冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁的变形破坏过程极为复杂,梁体内裂缝的萌生和扩展过程并不是单向的,由于应力波在梁体内部传播时发生来回反射和多次叠加,以及梁体内部钢筋和混凝土介质的不均匀性,导致梁体内单条裂缝的形成和扩展过程随应力场时空分布状态而发生改变,最终在裂缝密集区域形成主裂缝带,进而形成塑性铰,钢筋混凝土短梁失去承载能力,造成梁体的整体破坏。
试验采用高频位移传感器结合动态信号采集分析系统测得钢筋混凝土短梁跨中挠度时程曲线,如图9所示,进一步分析得到峰值挠度和残余挠度(表3),结果表明:(1)在0~25 ms,梁体跨中挠度迅速增大至峰值,在25~100 ms,梁体发生回弹变形,跨中位置回弹至最高点,在100~250 ms,跨中位置跌落至稳定状态,形成残余挠度;(2)梁体在冲击荷载作用下表现为弹塑性变形,残余挠度反映了梁体的塑性变形,峰值挠度为梁体弹性变形与塑性变形之和。
图10给出了短梁跨中挠度与冲击能量关系(30 000 J取工况3-1),结果表明,钢筋混凝土短梁跨中挠度与冲击能量大致呈正相关,但工况1-2冲击能量大于工况2-1,跨中挠度反而小,分析原因认为:冲击能量并非梁体变形破坏程度的决定因素。为进一步探究冲击荷载作用下短梁变形的影响因素及程度,对工况1-3、2-2、3-1的试验结果展开分析,给出了相同冲击能量下(30 000 J)梁体跨中挠度随冲击速度、冲击体质量的变化关系(图11),结果表明:在试验范围内(v=5.53~7.13 m/s;m=1180~1960 kg),钢筋混凝土短梁变形程度主要取决于冲击速度,表现为相同冲击能量下,随着冲击速度增加,梁体跨中峰值挠度和残余挠度相应增大。
由试验数据进一步分析了钢筋混凝土短梁跨中挠度受冲击速度、冲击体质量的影响规律(图12图13),结果表明:钢筋混凝土短梁跨中峰值挠度和残余挠度与冲击速度、冲击体质量均呈正相关;当冲击体质量越大,随着冲击速度增加,梁体峰值挠度和残余挠度增长越快;同样,当冲击速度越大,随着冲击体质量增加,梁体峰值挠度和残余挠度增长越快。见表3
开展了钢筋混凝土短梁的落锤冲击试验研究,分析了不同工况下钢筋混凝土短梁的破坏形态、梁体跨中轴向应变演化特征,研究了裂缝带区域应变发展过程,分析了梁体跨中挠度的影响因素和影响规律,探讨了钢筋混凝土短梁冲击破坏机制,主要结论如下:
(1)冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土浅梁破坏形态表现为裂缝以冲击点为中心,呈放射状分布,而钢筋混凝土短梁主要表现为裂缝带呈拱形分布,与浅梁有明显差异;短梁整体弯曲变形程度与冲击体质量、冲击速度和冲击能量密切相关。
(2)钢筋混凝土短梁跨中轴向应变由拉应变转为压应变,反映了冲击荷载作用下梁体的弹塑性变形过程,梁体两侧对称塑性铰的形成导致梁体跨中轴向拉应力释放而转为压应变;随着冲击能量增加,跨中轴向峰值拉应变、残余压应变均先增大后减小,钢筋混凝土短梁依次处于弹塑性挠曲变形、冲剪破坏模式阶段。
(3)高速DIC测量分析结果表明冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短梁的裂缝萌生和扩展过程并不是单向的,由于应力波在梁体内来回反射和多次叠加,以及钢筋混凝土介质的不均匀性,导致梁体内单条裂缝的扩展过程随应力分布状态发生改变,最终在裂缝密集区域形成主裂缝带,进而形成塑性铰,钢筋混凝土短梁失去承载能力,造成梁体的整体破坏。
(4)钢筋混凝土短梁跨中峰值挠度和残余挠度反映了冲击荷载作用下梁体的弹塑性变形程度,试验结果表明,梁体变形程度主要取决于冲击速度而不是冲击能量,具体表现相同冲击能量下,随着冲击速度增加,梁体跨中峰值挠度和残余挠度相应增大。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB874; 2020CFA043; 2021CFB541)
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
  • 湖北省教育厅科学研究计划指导性项目(B2022282)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52209131)
  • 武汉市知识创新专项项目(2023020201020444)
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2023年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.016
  • 接收时间:2022-12-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-12
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2022CFB874; 2020CFA043; 2021CFB541)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB874; 2020CFA043; 2021CFB541)
Key Research and Development Project of Hubei Province(2020BCA084)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
Scientific Research Project of Hubei Education Department(B2022282)
湖北省教育厅科学研究计划指导性项目(B2022282)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52209131)
国家自然科学基金项目(52209131)
Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Special Project(2023020201020444)
武汉市知识创新专项项目(2023020201020444)
作者信息
    a.江汉大学 精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
    b.江汉大学 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430056
    c.江汉大学 湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院,武汉 430056
    d.江汉大学 数字建造与爆破工程学院,武汉 430056

通讯作者:

贾永胜(1970-),男,教授、博士,主要从事工程爆破研究与实践工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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