Article(id=1241355799734317526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1663430400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773891885932, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1701360000000, pubDateStr=2023-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773891885932, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773891885932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773891885932, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241355799189058005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773891885801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773898068569, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241381731652129442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241355799189058005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=124, endPage=131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241355799985975768, articleId=1241355799734317526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Selection of Blasting Incision Angle of Ultra-high Reinforced Concrete Chimney, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The reasonable selection of the incision angle is an important factor for the success of blasting demolition of a typical reinforced concrete chimney. In order to determine the selection range of incision angle, the isolation method was adopted to establish a theoretical model according to the force and failure characteristics of the residual section. The solution formula of any angle position on the residual section was derived, and a revision coefficient k was defined to express the influence of the cylinder at the upper part of the unnotched section. Furthermore, the stress and bending moment conditions of the dumping cylinder were established, and the selection range of the incision angle was obtained by combining the solution formula and the damping conditions. The case study shows that with the increase of the incision angle, the maximum tensile stress, the maximum compressive stress and the bending moment generated by the upper cylinder of the incision tend to increase, while the resistance moment of the residual section tends to decrease. The upper limit of the selection of the incision angle can be obtained when the maximum tensile stress reaches to the material strength limit, and the lower limit can be determined when the two bending moments are equal. Changing the incision angle would have a greater effect on stress than changing the incision height. Under the condition that the actual incision height is 4.5 m in the engineering case, the selection range of incision angle based on the established theoretical model is 198°~237.6°, and the actual incision angle is 216° within the theoretical selection range, which further verifies the reliability of the theoretical model. More extensive application and guide engineering practice are expected.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LUO Ning (1980-), male, born in Anhui province, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in engineering mechanics research and teaching and intelligent blasting technology, (E-mail) .
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爆破拆除典型钢筋混凝土烟囱过程中,切口角度的合理选择是爆破拆除成功的重要因素。为确定切口角度的选取范围,根据余留截面的受力和破坏特征,采取隔离法,建立应力求解和应力及弯矩条件的理论模型:推导出余留截面上任意角度位置的应力求解公式,并定义了一个修订系数k来表达非切口截面上部的筒体,对余留截面不同角度位置产生的压应力影响效果的差异;建立筒体倾倒的应力及弯矩条件,结合应力求解公式与倾倒条件得出切口角度的选取范围。结合实际工程案例进行分析,研究结果表明:随着切口角度的增大,最大拉应力、最大压应力以及切口上部筒体产生的弯矩均呈现增大的趋势,而余留截面的抵抗力矩则呈现减小的趋势;最大拉应力达到材料强度极限时可得到切口角度的选取上限,两种弯矩相等时即可确定切口角度的选取下限;切口角度的改变对应力变化的影响要大于切口高度。工程案例中实际切口高度选择为4.5 m的条件下,依据所建立的理论模型得到切口角度的选取范围为[198°,237.6°],而实际切口角度为216°,处于理论选取范围之内,进一步验证了理论模型的可靠性,以期待更广泛地应用并指导工程实践。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
罗宁(1980-),男,安徽人,教授/博导,主要从事工程力学科研教学及智能爆破技术方面的研究,(E-mail)
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柴亚博(1998-),男,河南人,硕士生,主要从事爆破拆除技术方面研究,(E-mail)

CHAI Ya-bo (1998-), male, born in Henan province, postgraduate, mainly engaged in the research of blasting and demolition technology, (E-mail) .

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柴亚博(1998-),男,河南人,硕士生,主要从事爆破拆除技术方面研究,(E-mail)

CHAI Ya-bo (1998-), male, born in Henan province, postgraduate, mainly engaged in the research of blasting and demolition technology, (E-mail) .

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柴亚博(1998-),男,河南人,硕士生,主要从事爆破拆除技术方面研究,(E-mail)

CHAI Ya-bo (1998-), male, born in Henan province, postgraduate, mainly engaged in the research of blasting and demolition technology, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Parameters design of blasting cut and pretreatment technology of chunky silo cluster, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241355817379754153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355799734317526, awardId=12072363, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(12072363), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241355817459445936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355799734317526, awardId=12072363, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(12072363), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241355817572692153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355799734317526, awardId=BL2021-03, language=EN, fundingSource=Key project of the Development Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting(BL2021-03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241355817656578241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, 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Chimney blasting incision parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破切口参数切口底弧长余留弧长切口圆心角切口高度
+0.5 m标高31.27 m20.85 m216°4.50 m
), ArticleFig(id=1241355817245536413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241355799734317526, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

烟囱爆破切口参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破切口参数切口底弧长余留弧长切口圆心角切口高度
+0.5 m标高31.27 m20.85 m216°4.50 m
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超高钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破切口角度选取的研究
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柴亚博 1 , 罗宁 1, 2, 3 , 袁翊硕 1 , 杨振 3 , 韩涛 2 , 曹祺 4
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023,40(4): 124-131
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023, 40(4): 124-131
超高钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破切口角度选取的研究
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柴亚博1 , 罗宁1, 2, 3 , 袁翊硕1, 杨振3, 韩涛2, 曹祺4
作者信息
  • 1.中国矿业大学 力学与土木工程学院,徐州 221116
  • 2.深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,徐州 221116
  • 3.河南省洛阳宇航爆破工程有限公司,洛阳 471000
  • 4.淮南职业技术学院 能源工程学院,淮南 232001
  • 柴亚博(1998-),男,河南人,硕士生,主要从事爆破拆除技术方面研究,(E-mail)

    CHAI Ya-bo (1998-), male, born in Henan province, postgraduate, mainly engaged in the research of blasting and demolition technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

罗宁(1980-),男,安徽人,教授/博导,主要从事工程力学科研教学及智能爆破技术方面的研究,(E-mail)
Study on Selection of Blasting Incision Angle of Ultra-high Reinforced Concrete Chimney
Ya-bo CHAI1 , Ning LUO1, 2, 3 , Yi-shuo YUAN1, Zhen YANG3, Tao HAN2, Qi CAO4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 3.Luoyang Yu hang Blasting Engineering Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471000, China
  • 4.School of Energy Engineering, Huainan Vocational and Technical College, Huainan 232001, China
出版时间: 2023-12-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.017
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爆破拆除典型钢筋混凝土烟囱过程中,切口角度的合理选择是爆破拆除成功的重要因素。为确定切口角度的选取范围,根据余留截面的受力和破坏特征,采取隔离法,建立应力求解和应力及弯矩条件的理论模型:推导出余留截面上任意角度位置的应力求解公式,并定义了一个修订系数k来表达非切口截面上部的筒体,对余留截面不同角度位置产生的压应力影响效果的差异;建立筒体倾倒的应力及弯矩条件,结合应力求解公式与倾倒条件得出切口角度的选取范围。结合实际工程案例进行分析,研究结果表明:随着切口角度的增大,最大拉应力、最大压应力以及切口上部筒体产生的弯矩均呈现增大的趋势,而余留截面的抵抗力矩则呈现减小的趋势;最大拉应力达到材料强度极限时可得到切口角度的选取上限,两种弯矩相等时即可确定切口角度的选取下限;切口角度的改变对应力变化的影响要大于切口高度。工程案例中实际切口高度选择为4.5 m的条件下,依据所建立的理论模型得到切口角度的选取范围为[198°,237.6°],而实际切口角度为216°,处于理论选取范围之内,进一步验证了理论模型的可靠性,以期待更广泛地应用并指导工程实践。

钢筋混凝土烟囱  /  隔离法  /  应力及弯矩求解  /  应力及弯矩条件  /  切口参数

The reasonable selection of the incision angle is an important factor for the success of blasting demolition of a typical reinforced concrete chimney. In order to determine the selection range of incision angle, the isolation method was adopted to establish a theoretical model according to the force and failure characteristics of the residual section. The solution formula of any angle position on the residual section was derived, and a revision coefficient k was defined to express the influence of the cylinder at the upper part of the unnotched section. Furthermore, the stress and bending moment conditions of the dumping cylinder were established, and the selection range of the incision angle was obtained by combining the solution formula and the damping conditions. The case study shows that with the increase of the incision angle, the maximum tensile stress, the maximum compressive stress and the bending moment generated by the upper cylinder of the incision tend to increase, while the resistance moment of the residual section tends to decrease. The upper limit of the selection of the incision angle can be obtained when the maximum tensile stress reaches to the material strength limit, and the lower limit can be determined when the two bending moments are equal. Changing the incision angle would have a greater effect on stress than changing the incision height. Under the condition that the actual incision height is 4.5 m in the engineering case, the selection range of incision angle based on the established theoretical model is 198°~237.6°, and the actual incision angle is 216° within the theoretical selection range, which further verifies the reliability of the theoretical model. More extensive application and guide engineering practice are expected.

reinforced concrete chimney  /  isolation method  /  stress and bending moment solving  /  stress and bending moment conditions  /  incision parameters
柴亚博, 罗宁, 袁翊硕, 杨振, 韩涛, 曹祺. 超高钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破切口角度选取的研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (4) : 124 -131 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.017
Ya-bo CHAI, Ning LUO, Yi-shuo YUAN, Zhen YANG, Tao HAN, Qi CAO. Study on Selection of Blasting Incision Angle of Ultra-high Reinforced Concrete Chimney[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (4) : 124 -131 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.017
随着国家将碳达峰、碳中和纳入生态文明建设整体布局,中国制定了“将力争于2030年前实现二氧化碳排放达到峰值、2060年前实现碳中和”的伟大目标。烟囱、冷却塔等传统化工产业的产物造成极大的碳排放量,加快相关产业进行改造和升级对达到碳中和目标具有积极的意义[1-3]。而能否成功爆破拆除钢筋混凝土烟囱的关键在于切口参数的设计和选取[4],切口参数主要包含切口角度、切口高度两方面。加强对相关方面的研究可以增强钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破拆除的安全性和可靠性,减小爆破拆除失败所带来的损失。爆破切口参数设计的相关研究工作相对丰富,贺五一等以梯形切口为例[5],利用力学理论推导计算了爆破切口角度、长度和高度等关键参数;金冀良依据力学原理[6],应用数学方法推导出一定条件下的爆破切口参数的计算公式以解决高层建筑物和烟囱类高耸构筑物的整体定向爆破倒塌问题;龚相超等采取塑性分析方法及压杆稳定分析方法分别建立了倾倒弯矩条件和切口高度计算模型[7],并计算了切口裸露钢筋对切口角度影响;张宝岗等通过有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA主要研究了不同切口角度对冷却塔爆破拆除中产生振动效果的影响[8];李玉岐等建立了切口角度、高度的数学模型[9],并研究了不同形状切口下最小切口高度的确定;傅菊根等按照强度、刚度及稳定性要求得出切口高度的计算[10];言志信等运用动力学原理建立余留截面处应力模型[11],分析了中性轴的变化规律,并提出冲压系数的概念来表示突加载荷的作用和影响;郑炳旭等提出烟囱发生脆性破坏后形成“塑性铰”的概念[12],并提出烟囱倾倒的失稳保证率k来判断筒体的倾倒情况和突加载荷受压区高度系数kλ来判断支撑部被突加载荷破坏情况等。切口参数研究虽较为丰富但仍存在一定的不足,贺五一等利用力学原理给出了圆心角和切口高度的计算方式[5],但并没有给出圆心角与余留截面应力之间的联系;李玉岐等提出不同切口形式下[9],截面应力和倾倒力矩的以及最小切口高度的计算方法,但并没有对不同切口高度对切口角度选取的影响加以探究;言志信等运用动力学原理建立余留截面处应力模型[11],但只是较为笼统地建立了竖向应力平衡方程,并未给出应力求解的具体数学表达。已有的关于切口参数研究方法主要有塑性分析、压杆稳定分析、动力学原理、建立支座“塑性铰”等,且它们都基于一种大致的整体化简化分析,未能较好考虑上部筒体对切口截面不同角度位置的影响差异。基于力学分析方法中的隔离法,将充分考虑上部筒体对切口截面不同角度处的差异化影响,给出一种截面应力求解方法和倾倒弯矩条件,并通过工程案例对所建立的理论模型加以验证。
烟囱爆破拆除过程中,根据实际情况的需要,有多种切口形式可供选择,如正梯形、矩形、倒梯形、三角形等[13]。而正梯形切口和矩形切口是其中被最广泛采用的,选取案例中烟囱等比例缩放简化模型如图1所示,并基于此两种切口方式展开研究。
假设烟囱切口形式采取为正梯形或矩形切口,左右两部分筒体高为h1的竖向截面上应力状态可简化为图2所示。
为探究爆破切口形成瞬间,切口截面的瞬时应力状态,不同于大多数从截面几何分析或竖直方向受力平衡等出发建立平衡方程求解中性轴的分析方法[8,14],本文采用隔离法予以探究。将切口截面的上部筒体即左侧筒体单独看作一个整体进行受力分析,可知,右侧筒体的重力将由B点处上方高为h1的竖向截面上的切向应力提供,由相互作用力的性质可知,右侧筒体将对左侧筒体的两个竖向截面提供方向为竖直向下的切向应力τs,由于烟囱的顶端和底部截面壁厚差值相对于竖向截面的高度来说很小,故可近似假设截面为矩形。
图3所示,根据几何关系可将左右两部分筒体的体积、重力等参数分别求出,进而可求得竖向截面上的切向应力τs
图3中:r1R1分别为底部截面内外半径;r2R2分别为顶部截面内外半径;2α为切口处余留截面对应圆心角。
式中:V2为右侧筒体体积;m2为右侧筒体质量;S2为竖向截面面积。
竖向截面上的切向应力为
余留截面的上部筒体受到筒体重力、地面支撑力及竖向截面的竖直向下的切向应力τs,余留截面上各处的应力状态将由左侧筒体重力产生的压应力、左侧筒壁截面上的竖直向下的切向应力以及切向应力提供的弯矩产生的拉应力共同决定。为方便分析,假设左侧筒体对余留截面的压应力是均匀分布的。
余留截面受到均布压应力为
式中:V1为左侧筒体体积;S1为余留截面面积。
切口余留截面如图4所示。
由于非切口截面上部筒体对余留截面各角度产生的压应力效果并不相同,故定义一个修订系数k来表达这种作用效果的不同,例如设B点处的压应力为:σy′=k ρV2g/S1。对B点作用效果最明显,A点作用最小,可以近似忽略不计。在爆破切口形成后B点处为余留截面内压应力峰值点,这也解释了在倒塌过程中,切口定向窗口处先发生压缩及压剪破坏的现象。
假设右侧竖向截面上切向应力集中在截面的中心线上,余留截面所对应圆心角平均分为2α份,故角度为β。横截面上受到切向应力产生的弯矩为
式中:re=(R1-r)/2,γ=180°-α
由偏心受压理论可知I=Ic-Ae2
由于2/α相对较小,故。又有e=re cos α,故
任意角度β对应筒体外壁处的应力为:σ=σl-σy。当σ=0时,β所对应角度即为中性轴所在位置。
β=0,r=R1时,此时余留截面最外侧A点的拉应力为
非切口截面上部筒体对B点同样会产生拉应力作用,即为σlβ=α),在爆破切口形成瞬间B点受到的瞬时压应力为
采用MATLAB对应力求解公式进行可视化处理,得到选取的圆心角范围内B点位置压应力的变化规律和数值区间,结合应力及弯矩条件可知对于B点处,k取1/8比较合理。
切口爆破瞬间,还存在突加载荷的问题,切口上方的烟囱会以突加载荷的方式叠加在余留支撑面上,余留支撑区有可能被压溃导致下坐的发生,因此支撑区在切口形成瞬间所承受的动态压力需要被考虑[15]。考虑到动载效应[7],余留截面最大压应力受到突加载荷的影响还应该满足
式中:σcd为余留截面的动应力;fcd为混凝土动态极限抗压强度;Kd为动载荷冲击因数;m为切口上部筒体重力。
应力条件指在爆炸载荷作用下形成切口之后,保证在重力载荷下,弯矩作用产生的对支撑体余留截面的拉应力能够克服混凝土和钢筋的极限抗拉强度而产生破坏,保证后续顺利定向倾倒[1,3]。而受压区的最大压应力则要小于此处钢筋和混凝土所提供的极限抗压强度,保证在断裂缝隙形成过程中,支撑体受压区能不被完全压剪切破坏而影响筒体的后续转动。
考虑钢筋混凝土烟囱的截面材料属性,假设横截面内单位面积混凝土配筋率为μ0。倾倒应力条件可以表示为
式中:fct为混凝土极限抗拉强度;fst为钢筋极限抗拉强度;fcc为混凝土极限抗压强度;fsc为钢筋极限抗压强度。
当爆破切口形成后,保证烟囱能够顺利倒塌的关键位置在余留支撑体筒壁的最外侧,不但要满足该位置的应力条件,还要满足相应的弯矩条件以保证能够继续倒塌[3,16]。在之前相关研究中,弯矩条件的建立大都是以支撑底座以上的筒体的整体重力对余留截面上中性轴的弯矩要能够克服余留截面上的受拉区和受压区的钢筋和混凝土所产生的抵抗力矩之和为依据。但是上部筒体对余留截面上各位置处产生的应力及弯矩作用效果是不同的,因此采取集中于烟囱筒体重心位置的重力对中心轴产生的弯矩来考虑对余留截面整体的影响是不够全面的。假设弯矩条件建立在余留截面的关键局部位置也是合理的,在切口形成后,只要A点处的拉应力能够克服钢筋与混凝土的极限强度,右侧筒体在该处产生的弯矩克服该位置处所产生的抵抗力矩之和便可使得烟囱筒壁外侧可以顺利产生裂缝和断裂,使得支撑体裂缝得以继续扩展和贯穿。
A点位置局部面积截面上钢筋与混凝土产生的抵抗力拒之和为
左侧筒壁竖向截面上的切向应力在A点位置产生的弯矩为
故相应弯矩条件可表示为
结合应力及弯矩的求解公式(6~7),代入建立的应力条件(10)及弯矩条件(13),即可得到爆破切口角度的选取范围。
国电宿州第二热电有限公司响应国家“上大压小、节能减排”政策号召拆除180 m钢筋混凝土结构烟囱(如图5),筒身采用标号C30的混凝土浇筑而成。底部、顶部外径分别为16.6 m和5.8 m,底部、顶部壁厚分别为460 mm和180 mm。在±0标高处烟囱的底部南、北方向各有1个1.5 m×2.5 m的门洞,其外径16.6 m、壁厚460 mm,无隔热层和内衬;烟囱+8.10~+13.7 m标高处东、西方向各有1个3.98 m×5.6 m的烟道口,其外径15.2 m、壁厚460 mm,隔热层厚度为100 mm,内衬厚度为240 mm;0~8.0 m标高处烟囱内部中间有4个横断面为500 mm×500 mm井字梁支撑上部出灰平台,下部为钢制灰斗,井字梁放在筒壁的牛腿上;出灰平台直径为14.106 m,厚1 m。筒壁体积1654 m3,隔热层体积495 m3,内衬体积677 m3。烟囱钢筋重128.5 t,烟囱总重约6959 t,重心高度为75 m。实际拆除中烟囱采用切口角度为216°的正梯形切口,对应文中α=72°,详细切口参数如表1所示。
切口角度为216°时,由式(8)可知动载荷冲击因数为Kd=1.4,由式(9)可得余留界面上的瞬时动应力为σcd=10.5 MPa<fcd,因此爆破切口形成瞬间烟囱不会发生下坐,切口角度设计是合理的。
应用式(6)和式(7)式进行分析计算,断裂点A处拉应力及B点处压应力与切口角之间的数值关系如图6所示。
图6可知,随着角度α的减小即切口角度的增加,A点拉应力和B点压应力均呈现增大的趋势。对于所选取工程案例中采取的切口角度和高度A点和B点处拉应力和压应力分别为σA=5.968 MPa和σB=37.3 MPa。根据烟囱混凝土与钢筋设计规范[17],采用倾倒应力条件计算可得A点材料等效极限抗拉强度及B点压力区域的材料等效极限抗压强度分别为:fbt=fct+μ0fst=4.6 MPa,fbc=fcc+μ0fsc=47 MPa满足倾倒应力条件。由应力曲线可得满足极限抗拉强度和极限抗压强度时余留截面圆心角度范围分别为:α≤82.5°及α≥61.2°,故满足条件的切口角度范围为[195°,237.6°]。
由所建立的倾倒弯矩条件,建立余留截面抵抗力矩和右侧筒体对A点处单位面积截面产生的弯矩与圆心角度关系,由图7可知,随着切口角度的增大,余留截面和右侧筒体对A点处所产生的弯矩分别呈现逐渐减小和增加的趋势,当切口角度为198°时,刚好处于弯矩持平的极限状态,进一步增大切口角度时,即满足倾倒所需要的弯矩条件,结合应力条件可以得出在建立的物理-力学模型下,达到倾倒要求的切口角度范围为[198°,237.6°]。可以发现,在倾倒条件中,应力条件与弯矩条件缺一不可,但切口角度的选取范围主要由应力条件决定,因此可以认为应力条件是占据主导地位的。进一步验证了案例中拆除选取的216°切口角度的合理性,也证明了所建立的钢筋混凝土烟囱拆除的理论模型的可靠性。
切口高度的选取也已有较多的研究,大都以切口闭合后筒体重心水平线上位置超过闭合点为依据[18-20],这种依据也被证实其合理性。但本文着重研究切口高度对切口角度范围选取的影响,当拆除中选取的切口高度发生改变时,切口角度的选取范围也发生相应的变化。以应力条件为依据,从图8中发现:随着切口角度的增加,不同切口高度下A点处拉应力和B点处压应力有着几乎相同的变化趋势,在一定范围内,随着切口高度得增加,切口角度的选取上限将扩大,相反地其选取下限将缩小,但幅度均相对较小。当切口角度一定时,随着切口高度得增加,A点处拉应力将呈现出减小的趋势,B点处压应力也呈现出相同的变化趋势,变化幅度远远小于相同切口高度下,切口角度变化对应力变化的影响,因此可以认为,切口角度是切口参数中的更为关键的参数,但切口高度的选取也会影响切口角度的选取范围,二者是相互联系,相互影响的。
提出了一种不同的应力及弯矩求解方法和倾倒弯矩条件判据,进而得到切口角度范围的选取原则,并简要分析了切口高度对切口角度的选取范围的影响。对于钢筋混凝土烟囱,采取梯形或者矩形切口形状时,可采取隔离法加以分析,当切口高度确定时,切口角度的选取范围便随之确定。主要结论如下:
(1)以文中选择的工程案例为例,切口角度选取范围为[198°,237.6°]。切口角度为216°时,最大拉应力和最大压应力分别为5.968 MPa和37.3 MPa,均满足应力条件。随着切口角度的增加,拉应力和压应力呈现出相同的变化趋势且与角度之间呈正相关的关系。余留截面所能提供的抵抗力矩随着切口角度的增大而减小,而右侧筒体产生的弯矩大小则具有相反的变化趋势,且其增大的速率明显大于抵抗力矩减小的速率。
(2)当抵抗力拒与产生的弯矩相等时,便达到了弯矩条件的极限平衡状态,此时的切口角度为198°,为切口角度选取范围的下限。在倾倒条件中,应力条件与弯矩条件均应被考虑,但切口角度的范围主要由应力条件决定,弯矩条件加以限定和补充。
(3)在一定范围内,随着切口高度的增加,切口角度的选取上限将扩大,相反地其选取下限将缩小,但幅度均相对较小。切口角度变化对A点及B点处应力影响程度远远大于切口高度变化所产生的影响,因此可以认为切口角度是切口参数中更为关键的参数。
实际爆破拆除中会有对筒状构筑物底部开设出烟口、考虑混凝土和钢筋老化导致的材料参数改变等诸多因素的影响,需要适当对切口角度的选取范围加以缩小,以避免危险情况的发生。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(12072363)
  • 精细爆破重点实验室开发基金重点项目(BL2021-03)
  • 安徽高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2020A1160)
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2023年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.017
  • 接收时间:2022-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2023-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12072363)
国家自然科学基金项目(12072363)
Key project of the Development Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting(BL2021-03)
精细爆破重点实验室开发基金重点项目(BL2021-03)
Key project of natural science research in Anhui universities(KJ2020A1160)
安徽高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2020A1160)
作者信息
    1.中国矿业大学 力学与土木工程学院,徐州 221116
    2.深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,徐州 221116
    3.河南省洛阳宇航爆破工程有限公司,洛阳 471000
    4.淮南职业技术学院 能源工程学院,淮南 232001

通讯作者:

罗宁(1980-),男,安徽人,教授/博导,主要从事工程力学科研教学及智能爆破技术方面的研究,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.04.017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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