Article(id=1241089942567318033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1673712000000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773828500644, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1685548800000, pubDateStr=2023-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773828500644, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773828500644, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828500644, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241089933696364783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773828498529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828588505, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=42, endPage=47, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241089942886085161, articleId=1241089942567318033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Interval Charging Blasting of Deep Hole Bench Blasting in Open Pit Mine, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the actual production in jilangde open pit coal mine, the application of air interval charging blasting technology was clarified, defining two test significance: one is “reducing cost and increasing efficiency”, the other is “controlling blasting fragmentation”. Three groups of orthogonal tests are used to evaluate the application effect of air interval blasting technology. The photo photography method is used to identify the fragmentation distribution after blasting. Firstly, the matlab program is optimized with reference to relevant literature to process the fragmentation image into fragmentation distribution data. Secondly, the data is imported into Origin software to generate fragmentation distribution curve to evaluate the blasting effect. The test results show that the fragment size distribution of 17.3% interval blasting is close to continuous charging blasting. Conclusions 1: The air interval height has no positive correlation with the final effect., There is a reasonable interval height which is in line with the purpose of reducing cost and increasing efficiency of enterprises. The fragmentation grading evaluation method is used to analyze the uniformity of blasting effects of different charges. Firstly, the fragmentation distribution data is imported into Origin software to fit the blasting fragmentation grading curve. Secondly, five fragmentation evaluation indexes are summarized with reference to relevant literature. The analysis results are the uniformity of blasting block: continuous charge > interval 17.3% > interval 11.5% Conclusion 2: The charging amount can be reduced through the control of central air interval charging technology, so that the blasting effect is close to the traditional continuous charging, which can achieve the purpose of controlling blasting fragmentation.

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基于吉朗德露天煤矿现场实际生产研究空气间隔装药爆破技术的应用,明确两点试验意义:一是“降本增效”,二是“控制爆破块度”,采用三组正交试验来对空气间隔爆破技术的应用效果进行评价。运用照片摄影法来识别爆后块度分布,首先参考相关文献优化设计matlab程序将块度图像处理为块度分布数据,其次将数据导入Origin软件生成块度分布曲线评价爆破效果。试验结果为间隔17.3%爆破块度分布接近连续装药爆破,得出结论1:空气间隔高度并非越低越好,而是存在一个合理间隔高度,即在合理间隔高度爆破后的效果可以达到连续装药爆破的效果,符合企业降本增效的目的。运用块度级配评价方法分析不同装药爆破效果的均匀性,首先将块度分布数据导入Origin软件拟合为爆破块度级配曲线,其次参考相关文献总结五个块度评价指标。分析结果为爆破块度均匀性优劣:连续装药>间隔17.3%>间隔11.5%,得出结论2:可以通过中部空气间隔装药技术控制减少装药量使得爆破效果接近传统的连续装药,达到控制爆破块度的目的。

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金鑫(1985-),男,采矿工程师,从事露天采矿及爆破工作,(E-mail)

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金鑫(1985-),男,采矿工程师,从事露天采矿及爆破工作,(E-mail)

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金鑫(1985-),男,采矿工程师,从事露天采矿及爆破工作,(E-mail)

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089951970947168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=CN, label=图6, caption=爆破块度级配曲线, figureFileSmall=EtHjXOj/+hZp/WCuK6YRpg==, figureFileBig=Ae1z4mRmzhivRUNaot5EEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089952100970604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Blasting design of test area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破位置与规模爆破位置西帮1356南区钻孔米数/m795.4
底盘标高/m1344爆破面积/m21702.2
爆破孔数/个60爆破方量/m322565.4
爆破设计参数钻孔直径D/mm120钻孔角度/度90
台阶高度H/m12孔距a/m8
底盘抵抗线Wd/m5.0排距b/m4.5~5
超深h/m1.0炸药单耗q/(kg·m-30.27
边孔距B/m1.5岩石台阶炮孔填塞长度/m4.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952205828208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验区爆破设计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破位置与规模爆破位置西帮1356南区钻孔米数/m795.4
底盘标高/m1344爆破面积/m21702.2
爆破孔数/个60爆破方量/m322565.4
爆破设计参数钻孔直径D/mm120钻孔角度/度90
台阶高度H/m12孔距a/m8
底盘抵抗线Wd/m5.0排距b/m4.5~5
超深h/m1.0炸药单耗q/(kg·m-30.27
边孔距B/m1.5岩石台阶炮孔填塞长度/m4.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952340045946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Charging parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药方式孔深/m堵塞长度/m延米药量/(kg·m-1单孔药量/kg本次爆破总药量/kg
连续装药1341090.01800
间隔11.5%1341075.01500
间隔17.3%1341067.51350
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952444903550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

装药参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药方式孔深/m堵塞长度/m延米药量/(kg·m-1单孔药量/kg本次爆破总药量/kg
连续装药1341090.01800
间隔11.5%1341075.01500
间隔17.3%1341067.51350
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952574926986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Evaluation index of blasting fragmentation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标评价指标含义及获取方式
小块破碎尺寸(d10块度分布曲线中通过率为0.10时对应的尺寸;该值越小,爆破碎块的小块尺寸越小。
平均破碎尺寸(d50块度分布曲线中通过率为0.50时对应的尺寸;该值越小,爆破碎块块体尺寸的平均值越小。
大块破碎尺寸(d90块度分布曲线中通过率为0.90时对应的尺寸;该值越大,爆破碎块的大块尺寸越大。
块体不均匀系数(d90/d50块破碎尺寸与平均破碎尺寸的比;该值越大,块度分布均匀性越差。
最大块度(dmax块度分布曲线中通过率为1.00时对应的尺寸;该值越大,爆破碎块的大块尺寸越大。
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952713339028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

爆破块度评价指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标评价指标含义及获取方式
小块破碎尺寸(d10块度分布曲线中通过率为0.10时对应的尺寸;该值越小,爆破碎块的小块尺寸越小。
平均破碎尺寸(d50块度分布曲线中通过率为0.50时对应的尺寸;该值越小,爆破碎块块体尺寸的平均值越小。
大块破碎尺寸(d90块度分布曲线中通过率为0.90时对应的尺寸;该值越大,爆破碎块的大块尺寸越大。
块体不均匀系数(d90/d50块破碎尺寸与平均破碎尺寸的比;该值越大,块度分布均匀性越差。
最大块度(dmax块度分布曲线中通过率为1.00时对应的尺寸;该值越大,爆破碎块的大块尺寸越大。
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952834973850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Evaluation index of blasting fragmentation distribution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构d10/cmd50/cmd90/cmd90/d50dmax/cm
连续装药14.1426.0841.111.5869.50
间隔11.5%14.4926.4643.241.63134.35
间隔17.3%14.1425.6941.591.6271.48
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952977580193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089942567318033, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

爆破块度分布评价指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药结构d10/cmd50/cmd90/cmd90/d50dmax/cm
连续装药14.1426.0841.111.5869.50
间隔11.5%14.4926.4643.241.63134.35
间隔17.3%14.1425.6941.591.6271.48
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露天矿深孔台阶爆破间隔装药爆破试验研究
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金鑫 1 , 高佳明 2 , 苏宏伟 1 , 陈化南 1 , 毕京九 2
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2023,40(2): 42-47
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2023, 40(2): 42-47
露天矿深孔台阶爆破间隔装药爆破试验研究
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金鑫1 , 高佳明2, 苏宏伟1, 陈化南1, 毕京九2
作者信息
  • 1.成远矿业开发股份有限公司,辽阳 111000
  • 2.中国矿业大学(北京) 力学与建筑工程学院,北京 100083
  • 金鑫(1985-),男,采矿工程师,从事露天采矿及爆破工作,(E-mail)

Experimental Study on Interval Charging Blasting of Deep Hole Bench Blasting in Open Pit Mine
Xin JIN1 , Jia-ming GAO2, Hong-wei SU1, Hua-nan CHEN1, Jing-jiu BI2
Affiliations
  • 1.Chengyuan Mining Development Co., Ltd., Liaoyang 111000, China
  • 2.School of Mechanics and Architectural Engineering, China University of mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2023-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.006
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基于吉朗德露天煤矿现场实际生产研究空气间隔装药爆破技术的应用,明确两点试验意义:一是“降本增效”,二是“控制爆破块度”,采用三组正交试验来对空气间隔爆破技术的应用效果进行评价。运用照片摄影法来识别爆后块度分布,首先参考相关文献优化设计matlab程序将块度图像处理为块度分布数据,其次将数据导入Origin软件生成块度分布曲线评价爆破效果。试验结果为间隔17.3%爆破块度分布接近连续装药爆破,得出结论1:空气间隔高度并非越低越好,而是存在一个合理间隔高度,即在合理间隔高度爆破后的效果可以达到连续装药爆破的效果,符合企业降本增效的目的。运用块度级配评价方法分析不同装药爆破效果的均匀性,首先将块度分布数据导入Origin软件拟合为爆破块度级配曲线,其次参考相关文献总结五个块度评价指标。分析结果为爆破块度均匀性优劣:连续装药>间隔17.3%>间隔11.5%,得出结论2:可以通过中部空气间隔装药技术控制减少装药量使得爆破效果接近传统的连续装药,达到控制爆破块度的目的。

露天爆破  /  空气间隔装药  /  块度控制

Based on the actual production in jilangde open pit coal mine, the application of air interval charging blasting technology was clarified, defining two test significance: one is “reducing cost and increasing efficiency”, the other is “controlling blasting fragmentation”. Three groups of orthogonal tests are used to evaluate the application effect of air interval blasting technology. The photo photography method is used to identify the fragmentation distribution after blasting. Firstly, the matlab program is optimized with reference to relevant literature to process the fragmentation image into fragmentation distribution data. Secondly, the data is imported into Origin software to generate fragmentation distribution curve to evaluate the blasting effect. The test results show that the fragment size distribution of 17.3% interval blasting is close to continuous charging blasting. Conclusions 1: The air interval height has no positive correlation with the final effect., There is a reasonable interval height which is in line with the purpose of reducing cost and increasing efficiency of enterprises. The fragmentation grading evaluation method is used to analyze the uniformity of blasting effects of different charges. Firstly, the fragmentation distribution data is imported into Origin software to fit the blasting fragmentation grading curve. Secondly, five fragmentation evaluation indexes are summarized with reference to relevant literature. The analysis results are the uniformity of blasting block: continuous charge > interval 17.3% > interval 11.5% Conclusion 2: The charging amount can be reduced through the control of central air interval charging technology, so that the blasting effect is close to the traditional continuous charging, which can achieve the purpose of controlling blasting fragmentation.

open air blasting  /  air interval charge  /  block size control
金鑫, 高佳明, 苏宏伟, 陈化南, 毕京九. 露天矿深孔台阶爆破间隔装药爆破试验研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (2) : 42 -47 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.006
Xin JIN, Jia-ming GAO, Hong-wei SU, Hua-nan CHEN, Jing-jiu BI. Experimental Study on Interval Charging Blasting of Deep Hole Bench Blasting in Open Pit Mine[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (2) : 42 -47 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.006
目前,国内外许多学者研究空气间隔装药技术的应用。但由于评价爆破效果的标准不同,其应用效果存在一定的差异。
杨仁树等采用不同装药结构进行爆破试验,分别考虑试样表面裂缝扩展和爆破块度的分布特征评价不同装药结构的爆破效果[1];李顺波等通过理论和现场试验分析顶部空气间隔对岩石破碎块度的影响[2];谢烽等应用三种不同孔径的合理间隔长度装药,综合分析间隔装药爆破后大块率和块度级配的影响[3];常建平等利用数值模拟和现场试验研究6组空气间隔装药模型分析平均有效应力[4];管伟明等应用间隔装药爆破技术设计互层岩体台阶爆破参数,结合波阻抗原理构建能耗分级体系[5];邱胜光等运用利文斯顿爆破漏斗理论优化不同间隔装药爆破参数,改善矿山爆破效果[6];夏治园等建立二维模型进行装药结构优化降低不良地质对台阶爆破作用的影响[7];朱宽等应用空气间隔堵塞爆破结构改善岩石爆破效果[8];张晓平等采用中部空气间隔装药模拟分析有效应力,降低爆破后大块率[9];朱子晗等进行现场爆破试验结合Kuz-Ram爆破块度预测模型分析爆破块度[10]
通过在吉朗德露天煤矿进行的三组正交试验来对空气间隔爆破技术的应用效果进行评价,分别从降本增效和控制爆破块度两个角度分析间隔装药和连续装药爆破效果优劣,获得最佳间隔装药参数。
矿田地质上层主要由厚度6.62~47.44 m的砂土和粉土堆积形成,中下层主要由泥岩、砂岩组成的淡黄色的岩层。因为矿田整体的由粉砂岩组成,所以在爆破生产作业时产生的震动会导致滑坡问题。由于纸房地区的西南部存在大面积的凹陷,且吉朗德煤矿处于这个位置所以产生了一条东西翘起的向斜。
本次爆破区域周边环境情况:本次爆破区域位于采坑西帮1356南区,周边无其他设备作业,周边无其他固定建筑及设施。试验区如图1所示。
试验区爆破设计如表1所示。试验分3个试验区,一部分为连续装药区,其余两部分为中部间隔装药爆破区(间隔11.5%,间隔17.3%),每区钻20个炮孔,共60孔。选择的台阶高度均为12 m,坡脚无根底,石渣全部清空,孔径为120 mm,梅花形布孔,炮孔深12 m(取实际高度,有超深),堵塞长度为4 m,孔距为8 m,排距为4 m(根据实际平台的岩性来调整),钻孔倾角为90°。
其本次试验空气间隔设置在中部和上部间位置,参考有关学者研究结果,确定上部装药段∶下部装药段=2∶3,本次试验设计空气间隔层高度分别占炮孔长度的11.5%、17.3%。
装药结构Ⅰ:间隔11.5%的间隔装药结构,下部装药高度为4.5 m(装药45 kg),上部装药高度3 m,中间间隔1.5 m。装药参数见表2,装药结构见图2
装药结构Ⅱ:间隔17.3%的间隔装药结构,下部装药高度为4.05 m(装药40.5 kg),上部装药高度2.7 m,中间间隔2.25 m。装药参数见表2,装药结构见图2
图3为现场试验结果。从现场爆后的效果照片来看,可见在平台表面,连续装药区域的粉碎效果最好,空气间隔17.3%区破裂效果次之,空气间隔11.5%区平台表面破裂效果不如其他两个分区。而从坡面方向来看,连续装药区破碎碎块较为不均匀,小块较小而大块较大,空气间隔区碎块较为均匀,但此处现象仍和平台坡面一样特殊,17.3%区要优于11.5%区,当然,这是直接观察的结果,具体破碎块度的分布以及破碎块度的均匀性仍需定量的描述与研究。见图4
由于照片是二维图像,因此由matlab程序分析所得到的块度分布为平面面积分布[11,12],为便于分析,将块体等效为立方体,由程序所得块度开平方,以其根为该碎块的特征尺寸,由其特征尺寸所确定的块度分布曲线如图5所示。
由分布曲线可见,本次爆破试验的大块控制较好,这与试验地质条件有较大的关系,吉朗德煤矿多粉土软岩,爆破效果容易控制。可见在间隔17.3%时,块度分布曲线的碎块控制接近连续装药的爆后效果,而在间隔11.5%时,则出现了大块区域的不良效果,最大块度的特征尺寸甚至达到了1.30 m,本文以吉朗德煤矿常用沃尔沃挖掘机挖斗的最大限制尺寸做为大块率衡量指标,即1.56 m,可见在间隔11.5%时的效果虽然也满足了大块率指标,但相较于间隔17.3%区的爆后效果,仍然算得上差强人意。
试验结果说明了,空气间隔距离并非越低越好,而是存在一优势距离,即在这一优势距离附近时,空气间隔爆破所取得的效果可以达到甚至超过连续装药爆破的效果,本文试验取间隔17.3%时效果就显著接近于这一最优值。当然,对于现场的生产来说,常常受惯性思维的牵制,认为多装药要强于少装药,取较大间隔距离时爆破效果会具有一定的风险,因此在取值时存在一定保守,但是作为探究,勇敢的尝试和大胆的验证是极有必要的。
对于空气间隔爆破技术的应用,其在“降本”侧具有较大优势,即降低了炸药用量,但本文试验选择了中部间隔装药技术,在起爆装置的选择上又同时存在一定成本的增加。
以本次试验所取得效果来看,在空气间隔2.25 m时,试验效果接近于连续装药,因此若重复试验能确定这一效果,则以此间隔距离为例,其每孔节约药量22.5 kg,以铵油炸药成品售价6元,则每孔节约资金135元;增加的成本包括雷管30元,成品乳化炸药所做的炮头(此处可忽略),以及间隔器15元(大规模购进可进一步压低价格),则总增加成本在45元,可知单孔省资金约90元。当然这是单次试验所得的结果,假设以极端情况,取最小距离间隔11.5%,则每孔节约资金81元,去掉增加的成本,仍有36元的节余。
在施工方面,虽然重复装药增加了一定的工人工作强度,但保利民爆的工人师傅们具有娴熟且准确的施工技术,在30 min附近即完成了60孔的装药工作,其中包括40孔的间隔装药段。可见在施工方面,如果装药工作足够熟练,这一技术并不存在拖累进度的情况。
由以往研究结果和本次试验结果来看,取极小值并不能保证试验效果,还有可能造成相反的结果,所以间隔距离的选取,是要偏大一些的,因此在“降本”侧的应用是有前景的。
为了对“控制爆破块度”侧的块度均匀性进行全面分析评价,参考相关文献[1314],提出五个评价指标的含义及获取方式如表3所示。
根据拟合的爆破块度级配曲线图6,分别计算得到不同装药爆破下的爆破块度分布评价指标,见表4
表4可知:连续装药爆破后的爆破块度评价指标为最优值,其中评价指标d10d90最小说明连续爆破后的大块率最低且没有过度粉碎的小块,评价指标d90/d50是三个装药结构中最小的,表明对应装药结构爆破块度分布均匀。间隔17.3%爆破的块度评价指标接近连续装药爆破,间隔11.5%爆破的块度评价指标有明显的大块率的特征,其中dmax达到1.30 cm显著高于装铲的最大块度直径。
综合分析爆破块度级配曲线和块度分布评价指标,可知:间隔17.3%装药爆破的均匀性接近连续装药,说明可以通过中部空气间隔装药技术控制减少装药量使得爆破效果接近传统的连续装药,这样可以达到控制爆破块度的目的好。
通过在吉朗德露天煤矿进行的三组正交试验来对空气间隔爆破技术的应用效果进行评价,基于现场生产的两点实际意义评价此次间隔爆破技术应用的效果:
(1)从降本增效角度分析,运用照片摄影法来识别爆后块度分布。试验结果为间隔17.3%爆破块度分布接近连续装药爆破,而间隔11.5%爆破时则出现了特征尺寸1.30 m的不良大块现象。得出结论:空气间隔高度并非越低越好,而是存在一个合理间隔高度,即在合理间隔高度爆破后的效果可以达到连续装药爆破的效果,符合企业降本增效的目的。
(2)从控制爆破块度角度分析,运用块度级配评价方法分析不同装药爆破效果的均匀性。根据爆破块度集配曲线评价爆破块度均匀性优劣:连续装药>间隔17.3%>间隔11.5%,结果表明间隔17.3%爆破的块度评价指标接近连续装药爆破。得出结论:可以通过中部空气间隔装药技术控制减少装药量使得爆破效果接近传统的连续装药,这样可以达到控制爆破块度的目的。
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2023年第40卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.006
  • 接收时间:2023-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2023-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-15
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    1.成远矿业开发股份有限公司,辽阳 111000
    2.中国矿业大学(北京) 力学与建筑工程学院,北京 100083
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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