Article(id=1241089941262889376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1673020800000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773828500332, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1685548800000, pubDateStr=2023-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773828500332, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773828500332, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828500332, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241089933696364783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773828498529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828588505, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=165, endPage=171, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241089941527130552, articleId=1241089941262889376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Combustion Performance of New Type Rock Splitting Equipment, columnId=1240702073851925013, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using a closed explosion experimental system, the combustion performance of a new type of rock-splitting equipment's loading agent was studied, providing guidance for the drug components and proportions in subsequent products. Different gradient components with a ratio of 9∶1 to 4∶6 were designed to mix the loading agents for the closed explosion experimental, and the p-t curve and dp/dt-t curve of all agents were analyzed. The drug ratio used in the explosive strength experiment was determined to be 7∶3 and 5.5∶4.5. The mixed drugs were subjected to the explosive strength experiment using two types of loading densities, 0.12 g/cm3 and 0.2 g/cm3. The mixed drug was assumed as a single entity with a density of 1.5 g/cm3, referring to the method of treating the gunpowder burning speed. On this assumption basis, the Γ-ψ curve of the drug combustion and the corresponding parameters such as explosive strength and burning rate coefficient were obtained, among which the explosive power of the single + additive (7∶3) formula was the highest, reaching 564.87 kJ/kg. The explosive power of the dual + additive (7∶3) formula was slightly lower but still higher than that of the 5.5∶4.5 formula. The reason for the apparent incomplete combustion phenomenon observed in the experiment of the dual + additive (5.5∶4.5) formula was explained by analyzing the Γ-ψ curve of the drug. The analysis of the corresponding explosive strength and burning rate coefficient of the mixed drugs showed that the explosive force of the gunpowder on the overall drug is the dominant factor, and the increase in the ratio of the gunpowder will significantly improve the efficiency of the drug's combustion. However, the effect of the change in loading density on the burning of the two types of gunpowder is inconsistent. The increase in loading density will cause a decrease in the burning efficiency of the monobasic formula, while the dual-base formula will exhibit an increase in burning efficiency.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-xing MA, Yan-jun WANG, Jing ZHAO, Hua-dong CHENG, Jian-yong XU, Yin-sheng HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241089946866479872, articleId=1241089941262889376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=CN, title=新型裂岩器材装填药剂的燃烧性能研究, columnId=1240702073994531359, journalTitle=爆破, columnName=爆破器材, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用密闭爆发器实验系统,对一种新型裂岩器材的装填药剂燃烧性能进行了研究,以此对后续产品中的药剂组分、比例进行指导性调控。设计了9∶1~4∶6不同梯度组分的混合药剂进行密闭爆发器实验,对所有药剂的p-t曲线及dp/dt-t曲线分析后确定火药力实验中所用药剂配比为7∶3与5.5∶4.5。使用0.12 g/cm3、0.2 g/cm3两种装填密度对混合药剂进行火药力实验,参照火药燃速处理方法,假设混合药剂为单一整体,密度为1.5 g/cm3,在此假设基础上得到药剂燃烧的Γ-ψ曲线及相应的火药力、燃速系数等参数,其中单+添(7∶3)配方的火药力最高,为564.87 kJ/kg,双+添(7∶3)配方的火药力比之略低,但仍高于5.5∶4.5配方的火药力。通过对药剂的Γ-ψ曲线分析解释了双+添(5.5∶4.5)配方在实验中出现明显燃烧未完全现象的原因;对混合药剂对应火药力、燃速系数的分析发现,火药对整体药剂的做功能力占主导性因素,火药占比的上升会显著提高药剂的燃烧效能,但装填密度的改变对两种火药燃烧效果的影响却不一致。装填密度的上升会导致单基药配方燃烧效能的下降,而双基药配方会出现燃烧效能的上升。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄寅生(1962-),男,教授、博导,主要从事军事化学与烟火技术研究,(E-mail)
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jFLZMAeOjTwW4cZiq/fFmg==, magXml=lqgqraP+mMvchp1yP8yhrA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hjqW93hwShb7tFm3Qew6PQ==, pdfFileSize=8996021, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=X9kabDl2NA8fZ1rVJ616OQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=TdARICPW2R10u/x11F5/LQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

马健行(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事火工品技术研究,(E-mail)

, authorsList=马健行, 王彦君, 赵静, 陈华东, 徐建勇, 黄寅生)}, authors=[Author(id=1241089947504014141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2686837863@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241089947575317321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089947504014141, language=EN, stringName=Jian-xing MA, firstName=Jian-xing, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241089947713729357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089947504014141, language=CN, stringName=马健行, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.南京理工大学 化学与化工学院,南京 210094, bio={"content":"

马健行(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事火工品技术研究,(E-mail)

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

马健行(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事火工品技术研究,(E-mail)

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089947139109658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947143303963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947139109658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947160081182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947139109658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京理工大学 化学与化工学院,南京 210094)])]), Author(id=1241089947843752796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241089947952804710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089947843752796, language=EN, stringName=Yan-jun WANG, firstName=Yan-jun, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Luzhou North Chemical Industry, Luzhou 646000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241089948049273712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089947843752796, language=CN, stringName=王彦君, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089947269133096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947273327400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947269133096, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Luzhou North Chemical Industry, Luzhou 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947281716010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947269133096, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000)])]), Author(id=1241089948128965497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241089948300931978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089948128965497, language=EN, stringName=Jing ZHAO, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Luzhou North Chemical Industry, Luzhou 646000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241089948384818066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089948128965497, language=CN, stringName=赵静, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089947269133096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947273327400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947269133096, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Luzhou North Chemical Industry, Luzhou 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947281716010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947269133096, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000)])]), Author(id=1241089948485481374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241089948581950379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089948485481374, language=EN, stringName=Hua-dong CHENG, firstName=Hua-dong, middleName=null, lastName=CHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Luzhou North Chemical Industry, Luzhou 646000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241089948695196596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089948485481374, language=CN, stringName=陈华东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089947269133096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947273327400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947269133096, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Luzhou North Chemical Industry, Luzhou 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947281716010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947269133096, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000)])]), Author(id=1241089948825220031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241089950368723916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089948825220031, language=EN, stringName=Jian-yong XU, firstName=Jian-yong, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Shanghai Meitong Security Engineering Technology Company, Shanghai 200090, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241089950486164441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089948825220031, language=CN, stringName=徐建勇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.上海美同安防工程科技有限公司,上海 200090, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089947382379315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947390767924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947382379315, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Shanghai Meitong Security Engineering Technology Company, Shanghai 200090, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947394962229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947382379315, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.上海美同安防工程科技有限公司,上海 200090)])]), Author(id=1241089950570050531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=huangyinsheng@sina.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241089950716851188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089950570050531, language=EN, stringName=Yin-sheng HUANG, firstName=Yin-sheng, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241089950867846137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, authorId=1241089950570050531, language=CN, stringName=黄寅生, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.南京理工大学 化学与化工学院,南京 210094, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089947139109658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947143303963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947139109658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947160081182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947139109658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京理工大学 化学与化工学院,南京 210094)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241089951044005899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=non-explosive methods), Keyword(id=1241089951123697680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=rock breaking cartridge), Keyword(id=1241089951220166682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=closed explosion experimental system), Keyword(id=1241089951345995813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=combustion performance), Keyword(id=1241089951467630637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=非炸药爆破), Keyword(id=1241089951610236988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=裂岩管), Keyword(id=1241089951723483212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=密闭爆发器), Keyword(id=1241089951845118037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=燃烧性能)], refs=[Reference(id=1241089955229921498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=8, issue=4, pageStart=360, pageEnd=365, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=LAZAR K, VLADISLAV K, IVAN J, journalName=A-merican Journal of Environmental Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LAZAR K, VLADISLAV K, IVAN J, et al. Environmental and safety accidents related to blasting operation[J]. A-merican Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 8(4): 360-365., articleTitle=Environmental and safety accidents related to blasting operation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089955318001887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=88, issue=null, pageStart=254, pageEnd=264, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=FARADONBEH R S, ARMAGHANI D J, MONJEZI M, journalName=International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FARADONBEH R S, ARMAGHANI D J, MONJEZI M, et al. Genetic programming and gene expression programming for flyrock assessment due to mine blasting[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2016, 88: 254-264., articleTitle=Genetic programming and gene expression programming for flyrock assessment due to mine blasting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089955565465829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=73, issue=4, pageStart=1199, pageEnd=1209, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=RAINA A K, MURTHY V M S R, SONI A K, journalName=Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAINA A K, MURTHY V M S R, SONI A K. Flyrock in bench blasting: a comprehensive review[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2014, 73(4): 1199-1209., articleTitle=Flyrock in bench blasting: a comprehensive review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089955649351914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=26, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=宋光明, journalName=世界采矿快报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋光明. 爆破地震效应与减震方法的探讨[J]. 世界采矿快报, 1999(1): 26-29., articleTitle=爆破地震效应与减震方法的探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089955750015217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=26, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=SONG Guang-ming, journalName=Mining Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG Guang-ming. Approach to effect blast vibration and methods to decrease vibration[J]. Mining Technology, 1999(1): 26-29. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Approach to effect blast vibration and methods to decrease vibration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089955854872824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=151, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=董海佩, 程贵海, 牛虎, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董海佩, 程贵海, 牛虎, 等. 基于事故树分析法的控制爆破危害影响研究[J]. 爆破, 2018, 35(2): 151-154., articleTitle=基于事故树分析法的控制爆破危害影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089955955536127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=151, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=DONG Hai-pei, CHENG Gui-hai, NIU Hu, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG Hai-pei, CHENG Gui-hai, NIU Hu, et al. Research on hazard of controlled blasting based on fault tree analysis[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(2): 151-154. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on hazard of controlled blasting based on fault tree analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956043616518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=167, issue=null, pageStart=81, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=OLUWOYE I, DLUGOGORSKI B Z, GORE J, journalName=Atmospheric Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OLUWOYE I, DLUGOGORSKI B Z, GORE J, et al. Atmospheric emission of NOx from mining explosives: A critical review[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2017, 167: 81-96., articleTitle=Atmospheric emission of NOx from mining explosives: A critical review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956131696909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=19-20, issue=null, pageStart=78, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=WENG Z H, MUDD G M, MARTIN T, journalName=Environmental Science & Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WENG Z H, MUDD G M, MARTIN T, et al. Pollutant loads from coal mining in Australia: Discerning trends from the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI)[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2012, 19-20: 78-89., articleTitle=Pollutant loads from coal mining in Australia: Discerning trends from the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956223971603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=51, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=JAFFE D A, WIGDER N L, journalName=Atmospheric Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JAFFE D A, WIGDER N L. Ozone production from wildfires: A critical review[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 51: 1-10., articleTitle=Ozone production from wildfires: A critical review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956316246293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=34, issue=1, pageStart=148, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=余红兵, 尚钰姣, 赵明生, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余红兵, 尚钰姣, 赵明生, 等. 地下室爆破拆除对紧邻建筑的危害控制[J]. 爆破, 2017, 34(1): 148-151., articleTitle=地下室爆破拆除对紧邻建筑的危害控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956463046941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=34, issue=1, pageStart=148, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=YU Hong-bin, SHANG Yu-jiao, ZHAO Ming-sheng, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Hong-bin, SHANG Yu-jiao, ZHAO Ming-sheng, et al. Hazards control of basement explosive demolition to adjacent building[J]. Blasting, 2017, 34(1): 148-151. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Hazards control of basement explosive demolition to adjacent building, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956576293153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=60, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=陈仲超, 刘广军, journalName=工程爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈仲超, 刘广军. 浅析城镇爆破工程危害的综合控制[J]. 工程爆破, 2006(4): 60-63., articleTitle=浅析城镇爆破工程危害的综合控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956727288103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=60, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=CHEN Zhong-chao, LIU Guang-jun, journalName=Engineering Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Zhong-chao, LIU Guang-jun. Analysis on comprehensive control of damage from blasting engineering in city[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2006(4): 60-63. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on comprehensive control of damage from blasting engineering in city, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956836340011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=19, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=14, authorNames=谢兴华, 张小康, journalName=煤矿爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢兴华, 张小康. 非爆破破岩法研究综述[J]. 煤矿爆破, 2017(6): 19-23., articleTitle=非爆破破岩法研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089956916031794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=19, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=XIE Xing-hua, ZHANG Xiao-kang, journalName=Coal Mine Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Xing-hua, ZHANG Xiao-kang. Review of the study of non-explosive rock breaking[J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 2017(6): 19-23. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Review of the study of non-explosive rock breaking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957020889399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=5, pageStart=76, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=谢兴华, 张小康, 王林杰, journalName=工程爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢兴华, 张小康, 王林杰, 等. 一种高能燃烧破岩药柱的应用[J]. 工程爆破, 2017, 23(5): 76-80., articleTitle=一种高能燃烧破岩药柱的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957150912832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=5, pageStart=76, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=XIE Xing-hua, ZHANG Xiao-kang, WANG Lin-jie, journalName=Engineering Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Xing-hua, ZHANG Xiao-kang, WANG Lin-jie, et al. Application of a high-energy incendiary crushing rock charge column[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2017, 23(5): 76-80. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Application of a high-energy incendiary crushing rock charge column, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957268353351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=117, issue=3, pageStart=237, pageEnd=243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=PICKERING R, YOUNG C, journalName=Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PICKERING R, YOUNG C. Controlled foam injection: a new and innovative non-explosive rockbreaking technology[J]. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2017, 117(3): 237-243., articleTitle=Controlled foam injection: a new and innovative non-explosive rockbreaking technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957352239434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=19, authorNames=徐颖, 程玉生, journalName=煤矿爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐颖, 程玉生. 高压气体爆破破煤机理模型试验研究[J]. 煤矿爆破, 1996(3): 1-4., articleTitle=高压气体爆破破煤机理模型试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957406765390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=XU Yin, CHENG Yu-sheng, journalName=Coal Mine Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Yin, CHENG Yu-sheng. Model test study on coal breaking mechanism of high pressure gas blasting[J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 1996(3): 1-4. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Model test study on coal breaking mechanism of high pressure gas blasting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957499040083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=305, pageEnd=311, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=SINGH S P, journalName=Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SINGH S P. Non-explosive applications of the PCF concept for underground excavation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1998, 13(3): 305-311., articleTitle=Non-explosive applications of the PCF concept for underground excavation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957582926168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=118, issue=8, pageStart=891, pageEnd=897, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=22, authorNames=De GRAAF W W, SPITERI W, journalName=Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=De GRAAF W W, SPITERI W. A preliminary qualitative evaluation of a hydraulic splitting cylinder for breaking rock in deep-level mining[J]. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2018, 118(8): 891-897., articleTitle=A preliminary qualitative evaluation of a hydraulic splitting cylinder for breaking rock in deep-level mining, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957671006557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=119, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=23, authorNames=De SILVA V R S, RANJITH P G, PERERA M S A, journalName=Process Safety and Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=De SILVA V R S, RANJITH P G, PERERA M S A, et al. A modified, hydrophobic soundless cracking demolition agent for non-explosive demolition and fracturing applications[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2018, 119: 1-13., articleTitle=A modified, hydrophobic soundless cracking demolition agent for non-explosive demolition and fracturing applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957750698338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=91, 361-369, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=24, authorNames=GUPTA R N, journalName=International Conference on Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE), refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUPTA R N. Emerging explosives and initiation devices for increased safety, reliability, and performance for excavation in weak rocks, mining and close to surface structures[C]//International Conference on Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE), 2016: 91, 361-369., articleTitle=Emerging explosives and initiation devices for increased safety, reliability, and performance for excavation in weak rocks, mining and close to surface structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957830390117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=25, authorNames=余永刚, 薛晓春, journalName=发射药燃烧学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余永刚, 薛晓春. 发射药燃烧学[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089959323562345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=26, authorNames=YU Yong-gang, XUE Xiao-chun, journalName=Propellant combustion, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Yong-gang, XUE Xiao-chun. Propellant combustion[M]. Beijing: Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 2016. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089959411642737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=27, authorNames=蔺向阳, 郑文芳, journalName=火药学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔺向阳, 郑文芳. 火药学[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089959520694647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LIN Xiang-yang, ZHENG Wen-fang, journalName=Gunpowder, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Xiang-yang, ZHENG Wen-fang. Gunpowder[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2020. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089959591997819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国国家标准化管理委员会, 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB 6944—2012危险货物分类和品名编号[S]. 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089959684272512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Standardization Administration of China, General Admiistration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quaratine of the People's Republic of China. GB 6944—2012 Classification and code of dangerous goods[S]. 2012. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089947139109658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947143303963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947139109658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947160081182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947139109658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京理工大学 化学与化工学院,南京 210094)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241089947269133096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947273327400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947269133096, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Luzhou North Chemical Industry, Luzhou 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947281716010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947269133096, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241089947382379315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947390767924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947382379315, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Shanghai Meitong Security Engineering Technology Company, Shanghai 200090, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089947394962229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, companyId=1241089947382379315, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.上海美同安防工程科技有限公司,上海 200090)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241089951996112996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The curves of p-t, figureFileSmall=7r14VW/N/3vlUABWDuj4yw==, figureFileBig=X9kabDl2NA8fZ1rVJ616OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089952092581994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, label=图1, caption=药剂p-t曲线, figureFileSmall=7r14VW/N/3vlUABWDuj4yw==, figureFileBig=X9kabDl2NA8fZ1rVJ616OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089952381988989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The curves of dp/dt-t, figureFileSmall=uvBvz9nryoYocMUr61J7tw==, figureFileBig=3COPzS+wjRapHEj7J1qR4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089952491040901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, label=图2, caption=药剂dp/dt-t曲线, figureFileSmall=uvBvz9nryoYocMUr61J7tw==, figureFileBig=3COPzS+wjRapHEj7J1qR4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089952595898509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=The dp/dt-t curves of different filling density and proportion of chemicals, figureFileSmall=q6qz4dvSIKTdGNpbbzVeMQ==, figureFileBig=B5WQbmnPCk820Yui95bkfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089952713339026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同装填密度及配比药剂的dp/dt-t曲线, figureFileSmall=q6qz4dvSIKTdGNpbbzVeMQ==, figureFileBig=B5WQbmnPCk820Yui95bkfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089952847556764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The curves of Γ-ψ, figureFileSmall=G9rb6tAEIqqEzDXNwwcdXQ==, figureFileBig=srKwOZWrZdzTyRaWlpLnIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089952973385890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, label=图4, caption=药剂Γ-ψ曲线, figureFileSmall=G9rb6tAEIqqEzDXNwwcdXQ==, figureFileBig=srKwOZWrZdzTyRaWlpLnIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089953090826408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The Residual agent, figureFileSmall=NiAz1uq633gO5YFp2LcFDQ==, figureFileBig=cOnBwRXcsFU5HHhi/P8yQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089953225044144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, label=图5, caption=存在残留药剂, figureFileSmall=NiAz1uq633gO5YFp2LcFDQ==, figureFileBig=cOnBwRXcsFU5HHhi/P8yQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089953334096053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mixing ratio

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号单基药/%双基药/%添加剂/%
1#90/10
2#80/20
3#70/30
4#60/40
5#50/50
6#40/60
7#/9010
8#/8020
9#/7030
10#/6040
11#/5050
12#/4060
), ArticleFig(id=1241089954877599936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

药剂混合比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号单基药/%双基药/%添加剂/%
1#90/10
2#80/20
3#70/30
4#60/40
5#50/50
6#40/60
7#/9010
8#/8020
9#/7030
10#/6040
11#/5050
12#/4060
), ArticleFig(id=1241089954990846149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The results of impetus and combustion velocity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 f/(kJ·kg-1α/(cm3·g-1u1/(mm·s-1·MPa-1nR2
单∶添=7∶3
Δ=0.12
564.8701.1080.33811.50.998516
单∶添=7∶3
Δ=0.2
0.28920.998261
单∶添=5.5∶4.5
Δ=0.12
411.7060.5900.29530.998550
单∶添=5.5∶4.5
Δ=0.2
0.25520.994011
双∶添=7∶3
Δ=0.12
519.7601.4710.25140.997797
双∶添=7∶3
Δ=0.2
0.30910.999417
双∶添=5.5∶4.5
Δ=0.12
426.6100.9900.21970.984152
双∶添=5.5∶4.5
Δ=0.2
0.30800.998918
), ArticleFig(id=1241089955091509455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089941262889376, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

火药力及燃速处理结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 f/(kJ·kg-1α/(cm3·g-1u1/(mm·s-1·MPa-1nR2
单∶添=7∶3
Δ=0.12
564.8701.1080.33811.50.998516
单∶添=7∶3
Δ=0.2
0.28920.998261
单∶添=5.5∶4.5
Δ=0.12
411.7060.5900.29530.998550
单∶添=5.5∶4.5
Δ=0.2
0.25520.994011
双∶添=7∶3
Δ=0.12
519.7601.4710.25140.997797
双∶添=7∶3
Δ=0.2
0.30910.999417
双∶添=5.5∶4.5
Δ=0.12
426.6100.9900.21970.984152
双∶添=5.5∶4.5
Δ=0.2
0.30800.998918
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1240670582996512777, delFlag=0, nameCn=爆破, nameEn=Blasting, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-487X, eissn=null, cn=42-1164/TJ, coden=null, periodic=2, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=WY0TpbOLkpEy0LB1gxLRkA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Blasting, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773728517534, updatedTime=1773729027907, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=B, firstLetterEn=B, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=WY0TpbOLkpEy0LB1gxLRkA==, picEn=WihllgjTVpaoKPVK01wkxA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1240672723748311401, language=CN, name=爆破, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773729027926, updatedTime=1773729027926, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1240672723802837354, language=EN, name=Blasting, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773729027939, updatedTime=1773729027939, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1240670690148397066, websiteList=[Website(id=1240673414420156779, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240670690148397066, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773729192595, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773729402692, updateBy=18614031015, name=爆破-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=爆破, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240674340283404702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773729413338, updateTime=1773729413338, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340258238875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773729413332, updateTime=1773729413332, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340304376225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729413343, updateTime=1773729413343, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340249850266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/file/pic?fileId=6aWE5pjR/O5nMmPAr6vERA==, createTime=1773729413330, updateTime=1773729413330, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340316959139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729413346, updateTime=1773729413346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340275016093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773729413336, updateTime=1773729413336, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340312764834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729413345, updateTime=1773729413345, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340266627484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773729413334, updateTime=1773729413334, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340287599007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773729413340, updateTime=1773729413340, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674340295987616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414420156779, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773729413341, updateTime=1773729413341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1240673414491459949, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240670690148397066, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773729192612, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773729407178, updateBy=18614031015, name=爆破-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Blasting, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240674360592224680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773729418180, updateTime=1773729418180, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360571253157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773729418175, updateTime=1773729418175, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360609001899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729418184, updateTime=1773729418184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360562864548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN/file/pic?fileId=6aWE5pjR/O5nMmPAr6vERA==, createTime=1773729418173, updateTime=1773729418173, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360621584813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729418187, updateTime=1773729418187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360583836071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773729418178, updateTime=1773729418178, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360617390508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773729418186, updateTime=1773729418186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360579641766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773729418177, updateTime=1773729418177, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360596418985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773729418182, updateTime=1773729418182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240674360604807594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240673414491459949, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773729418183, updateTime=1773729418183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=爆破, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://bopo.cbpt.cnki.net/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Blasting, journalPhotoCn=WY0TpbOLkpEy0LB1gxLRkA==, journalPhotoEn=WihllgjTVpaoKPVK01wkxA==, journalFirstLetter=B, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/PDF/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/EN/PDF/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
新型裂岩器材装填药剂的燃烧性能研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
马健行 1 , 王彦君 2 , 赵静 2 , 陈华东 2 , 徐建勇 3 , 黄寅生 1
爆破 | 爆破器材 2023,40(2): 165-171
收起
收藏切换
爆破 | 爆破器材 2023, 40(2): 165-171
新型裂岩器材装填药剂的燃烧性能研究
全屏
马健行1 , 王彦君2, 赵静2, 陈华东2, 徐建勇3, 黄寅生1
作者信息
  • 1.南京理工大学 化学与化工学院,南京 210094
  • 2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000
  • 3.上海美同安防工程科技有限公司,上海 200090
  • 马健行(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事火工品技术研究,(E-mail)

通讯作者:

黄寅生(1962-),男,教授、博导,主要从事军事化学与烟火技术研究,(E-mail)
Study on Combustion Performance of New Type Rock Splitting Equipment
Jian-xing MA1 , Yan-jun WANG2, Jing ZHAO2, Hua-dong CHENG2, Jian-yong XU3, Yin-sheng HUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
  • 2.Luzhou North Chemical Industry, Luzhou 646000, China
  • 3.Shanghai Meitong Security Engineering Technology Company, Shanghai 200090, China
出版时间: 2023-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024
文章导航
收藏切换

利用密闭爆发器实验系统,对一种新型裂岩器材的装填药剂燃烧性能进行了研究,以此对后续产品中的药剂组分、比例进行指导性调控。设计了9∶1~4∶6不同梯度组分的混合药剂进行密闭爆发器实验,对所有药剂的p-t曲线及dp/dt-t曲线分析后确定火药力实验中所用药剂配比为7∶3与5.5∶4.5。使用0.12 g/cm3、0.2 g/cm3两种装填密度对混合药剂进行火药力实验,参照火药燃速处理方法,假设混合药剂为单一整体,密度为1.5 g/cm3,在此假设基础上得到药剂燃烧的Γ-ψ曲线及相应的火药力、燃速系数等参数,其中单+添(7∶3)配方的火药力最高,为564.87 kJ/kg,双+添(7∶3)配方的火药力比之略低,但仍高于5.5∶4.5配方的火药力。通过对药剂的Γ-ψ曲线分析解释了双+添(5.5∶4.5)配方在实验中出现明显燃烧未完全现象的原因;对混合药剂对应火药力、燃速系数的分析发现,火药对整体药剂的做功能力占主导性因素,火药占比的上升会显著提高药剂的燃烧效能,但装填密度的改变对两种火药燃烧效果的影响却不一致。装填密度的上升会导致单基药配方燃烧效能的下降,而双基药配方会出现燃烧效能的上升。

非炸药爆破  /  裂岩管  /  密闭爆发器  /  燃烧性能

Using a closed explosion experimental system, the combustion performance of a new type of rock-splitting equipment's loading agent was studied, providing guidance for the drug components and proportions in subsequent products. Different gradient components with a ratio of 9∶1 to 4∶6 were designed to mix the loading agents for the closed explosion experimental, and the p-t curve and dp/dt-t curve of all agents were analyzed. The drug ratio used in the explosive strength experiment was determined to be 7∶3 and 5.5∶4.5. The mixed drugs were subjected to the explosive strength experiment using two types of loading densities, 0.12 g/cm3 and 0.2 g/cm3. The mixed drug was assumed as a single entity with a density of 1.5 g/cm3, referring to the method of treating the gunpowder burning speed. On this assumption basis, the Γ-ψ curve of the drug combustion and the corresponding parameters such as explosive strength and burning rate coefficient were obtained, among which the explosive power of the single + additive (7∶3) formula was the highest, reaching 564.87 kJ/kg. The explosive power of the dual + additive (7∶3) formula was slightly lower but still higher than that of the 5.5∶4.5 formula. The reason for the apparent incomplete combustion phenomenon observed in the experiment of the dual + additive (5.5∶4.5) formula was explained by analyzing the Γ-ψ curve of the drug. The analysis of the corresponding explosive strength and burning rate coefficient of the mixed drugs showed that the explosive force of the gunpowder on the overall drug is the dominant factor, and the increase in the ratio of the gunpowder will significantly improve the efficiency of the drug's combustion. However, the effect of the change in loading density on the burning of the two types of gunpowder is inconsistent. The increase in loading density will cause a decrease in the burning efficiency of the monobasic formula, while the dual-base formula will exhibit an increase in burning efficiency.

non-explosive methods  /  rock breaking cartridge  /  closed explosion experimental system  /  combustion performance
马健行, 王彦君, 赵静, 陈华东, 徐建勇, 黄寅生. 新型裂岩器材装填药剂的燃烧性能研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (2) : 165 -171 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024
Jian-xing MA, Yan-jun WANG, Jing ZHAO, Hua-dong CHENG, Jian-yong XU, Yin-sheng HUANG. Study on Combustion Performance of New Type Rock Splitting Equipment[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (2) : 165 -171 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024
城市居民区或其他重要设施区域附近进行爆破作业时,由工业炸药产生的爆破危害难以避免[1-5],会对周围环境人民日常生活造成影响[6-10],因此需要一类可以不使用炸药的破碎技术对特殊区域岩石进行破碎。非炸药破碎就是一类在避免使用炸药的同时,也能很好完成破碎岩石等破碎任务的技术[11,12],其作用的基本机理为破碎器材在密闭环境中产生高压[13,14],当压力大于岩石的抗拉强度时,岩石即被破坏[15-17]
裂岩管(Rock Breaking Cartridge)是近年来国外新兴的一种非炸药破岩产品,是将非爆轰产气药剂装入特殊结构管内,使用时装填到炮孔内并密封,经点火具点火后,非爆轰产气药剂快速燃烧产生大量气体膨胀做功,致使周围介质破裂的一种新型安全型破岩器材。目前国外该类产品主要有NoneX、ROYEX、PYROBLAST、AUTOSTEM几家分区域销售,其主要装填组分为氧化剂与硝化纤维素等火药[18],依靠产品的特殊结构设计,在装填至炮孔并被密封后,点燃装填药剂,依靠药剂迅速燃烧产生的大量气体作功拉裂岩石。同时气体在拉裂岩石后压力会降低,做功能力迅速下降,从而降低了此类产品的使用危害;且药剂成分简单,运输、储存、使用的安全管控成本低,因此在国外已广泛应用于敏感环境下的拆除作业,如城改、城建以及特殊开采等。目前国内此类产品由泸州北方化学工业有限公司联合上海美同安防工程科技有限公司及南京理工大学等多家院校开发,目前已有典型产品送往国家民用爆破器材质量检验检测中心进行危险等级鉴定。
由作用机理可以看出,该种器材的破岩性能与药剂的燃烧性能有着直接联系,药剂的药量、种类、配比、装填密度均会影响药剂的燃烧性能,从而影响燃烧阶段所能产生的峰值压力及速率。由于该类裂岩管的裂岩机理是在强堵塞条件下短时燃烧产生大量气体,可看作是一种定容高压燃烧过程,因此对于药剂燃烧的理论研究可借助密闭爆发器实验进行。由此,本研究将对药剂在密闭环境下的燃烧性能进行研究,以此对后续产品中的药剂组分、比例进行指导性调控。
测试系统为泸州北方化学工业有限公司科研所自研的密闭爆发器测试系统,密闭爆发器本体容积50 cm3,系统采样频率选定为200 k~1 MHz,点火药为C级硝化棉,点火压力9.87 MPa,使用0.2 mm镍铬丝点火,点火电流3.5 A。实验所用药剂为单基粒状药、双基球扁药与钝感添加剂,装填密度根据实验需求确定。
本研究将通过火药力及燃速等燃烧性能参数对混合药剂进行燃烧性能评价,由于火药力测定实验需要在两种装填密度下分别进行实验,为减少不必要的实验,将先对混合药剂的比例进行优选,选出合适的几种混合比例后再进行火药力实验。
首先对混合药剂比例进行筛选。单、双基药分别与添加剂混合,在装填密度Δ=0.12 g/cm3下进行密闭爆发器实验。起始火药-添加剂质量比例设置为90∶10,之后以10%为阶梯逐渐降低火药所占比例,直至比例调整为40∶60,具体比例见表1。在得到所有药剂的p-t数据后,分析对比p-t数据以选出符合实际需求的药剂配比。
密闭爆发器中某一时刻的压力存在关系
式中:为密闭爆发器内压力;pig为点火药燃烧压力;pψ为火药燃烧压力,单位均为MPa。
当压力低于400 MPa时,燃气余容与装填密度无关[19]。因此,根据两种装填密度(Δ1Δ2)及对应最大压力(pm1pm2),即可计算出该种火药的火药力f和余容α,即
式中,最大压力pm1pm2应扣除点火药点火压力pig。式中:α为火药余容;f为火药的火药力。
定义ψ为火药已燃百分比,有公式建立起ψ与时间t的关系
式中:Δ为装填密度,g·cm-3ρp为火药密度,g·cm-3。根据实测的p-t数据与式(4)将其转化为ψ-t数据。
设火药的长度为2c、宽度为2b、厚度为2e1e为某瞬间已燃去厚度,mm;起始燃烧面积为S1,某瞬间对应燃烧表面积为S,此时相对燃烧表面积σ
将上述代换代入式(5)并求积分,获得形状函数式(6)
ψ-t数据转化为Z-t数据。根据相对燃烧厚度定义式(7)及燃速定义式(8),将(7)式代入(8)式可获得燃速u与压力p的函数关系(9)。
式中:Z为相对燃烧层厚度;u为燃烧速度,mm·s-1u1为燃速系数,mm/(s·MPan);n为燃速压力指数。
对(9)式左右取对数,得到ln u~ln p关系,关系式斜率即为燃速压力指数n,燃速系数u1也可求出。
根据上述原理及公式,在选取出合适的混合配比后,以Δ1=0.12 g/cm3Δ2=0.2 g/cm3两种装填密度进行密闭爆发器实验,从而计算出相应配比的火药力与燃速参数。
以点火药压力9.87 MPa为起始点,各比例药剂p-t曲线如图1所示。由图1可以看出,添加剂占比较小时,药剂燃烧的峰值压力及升压曲线较为接近纯火药燃烧的状态,随着添加剂的加入,不仅峰值压力下降,曲线斜率也随之下降。可以观察到的是,单、双基药两种下降的趋势存在一定差异:单基药混药的p-t曲线随着添加剂占比的上升下降较为平滑,呈现明显的平滑阶梯趋势,而双基药混药的下降的规律性未如单基药混药一般呈现平滑阶梯趋势。
分析认为:①出现峰值压力与曲线斜率下降的状况,一方面是由于添加剂占比的上升减少了火药的用量,对产气量与产气速率均造成影响,另一方面由于添加剂较难出现燃烧反应,因此添加剂在燃烧过程中会不断吸收点火药及火药燃烧产生的热量,火药燃烧反应速率随之降低;②单基药曲线随药剂配比变化过渡较为平滑,双基药曲线变化波动较大的原因可能是,单基药的比热为1.21 kJ/(kg·K),热导率0.80 kJ/(m·h·K),双基药的比热为1.50 kJ/(kg·K),热导率0.75 kJ/(m·h·K)[20],因此在药剂燃烧传热中,单基药相较于双基药更容易升温、传热,从而更易被点火药点燃,当点火药燃烧能量更多的被添加剂吸收时,单基药相对更容易进行燃烧,从而表现出单基药p-t曲线随药剂配比变化过渡较为平滑的现象。
图1p-t曲线进行求导,获得dp/dt-t曲线,如下图2所示。从图2可以看出,药剂的燃烧变化趋势与由图1观察得出的结论是一致的,即单基药曲线随药剂配比变化过渡较为平滑,双基药曲线变化波动较大。
研究图2可以发现,单基药混药的最大升压速率即(dp/dtmax出现的位置是随着添加剂的加入而推后的,且最大升压速率值也随之减小,而双基药混药的(dp/dtmax并未随着添加剂的加入而依次推后(如10#与11#曲线的对比),呈现出燃烧的不规律性。同样可以看出,加入同样比例添加剂的6#与12#配方,6#的dp/dt-t曲线仍可以观察到一定的起伏程度,而12#配方已近乎为一条直线,可以认为添加剂的加入对于双基药燃烧的影响比单基药的影响更大。
对于药剂的优选需要考虑两方面问题:①药剂感度不能高。国外同类产品均归属于联合国危险货物分类中的1.4S类危险品(GB 6944—2012同样有此分类),此类危险品的意外起爆危害范围仅在包件范围内,在包件被火烧损的情况下所有的爆炸和迸射效应也有限[21]。在此种安全要求下需要装填药剂有较低的感度以满足1.4S分类标准的危险等级鉴定。②药剂产气速率及产气量不能过低。由前文所述,此类非炸药裂岩器材均依靠在密闭环境中产生大于岩石抗拉强度的压力从而破坏岩石,完成工程任务,因此药剂需要产生一定量的气体满足任务所需压力。产气速率不能过低是因为,如不能在短时内产生大量气体,随着岩石内外微裂缝的增多,可能会出现难以维持密闭环境导致泄压,但岩石未被破碎成功的现象。
综上所述,在后续实验中首先排除火药占比较高的1#、2#、7#及8#配方,因为观察这四种配方的燃烧曲线可以发现,dp/dt-t曲线存在明显尖峰且燃烧速度较快,认为该四种配方的燃烧状态更接近纯火药,添加剂所能起到的钝感作用较为有限,感度相对应的会较高,不符合安全性需求;同样需要排除6#与12#配方,因为这两种配方不仅最大压力较小,且升压速率低,不符合需求②。结合实际样品的先期实验,最终确定的后续实验火药-添加剂比例为:70∶30、55∶45。
如1.2节中所述,火药的火药力与余容可直接根据密闭爆发器实验所得p-t曲线计算得出,而将p-t曲线转化为u-p曲线,获得燃速压力指数n与燃速系数u1则需要确定火药的药型参数,以此确定Z的函数。由于本实验所用药剂为混合药剂,火药与添加剂间的药型、密度并不一致,且本实验的目的在于研究不同配比、不同装填密度下药剂的燃烧效果,以此探讨添加剂对燃烧效果影响的大小,与研究纯火药燃烧过程有所区分,在此借鉴火药燃烧的燃速处理方法并进行一定的假设,具体过程如下。
将装填在密闭爆发器中的全部药剂视为一个整体药剂,药剂密度假定为1.5 g/cm3,药型假设为方片状,则1>α=β。已知密闭爆发器容积为50 cm3,则装填密度Δ=0.12时,α=β=0.5;Δ=0.2时,α=β=5/6。在此假设基础之上对实验所得p-t曲线进行处理。
首先观察装填密度对dp/dt-t曲线的影响,见图3。从图中可以看出,装填密度的上升对药剂燃烧效果有着较为明显的影响,低火药配比的药剂提高装填密度后dp/dt-t曲线可与高火药配比的药剂曲线相近。在同等药剂配比下,随着装填密度的上升,(dp/dtmax值有较大程度的上升并且出现的位置发生前移,原因在于装填密度的上升使火药总量增加,虽然添加剂的吸热对火药的燃烧起一定阻碍作用,但整体仍以促进火药的燃烧产气反应为主导,因此装填密度上升带来(dp/dtmax值的上升以及出现位置的前移。
火药的燃烧情况同样可以用火药燃气生成猛度Γ与已燃质量百分数ψ的曲线来描述,Γ表示单位压力下的气体生成速率,上述药剂的Γ-ψ曲线见图4。由图4曲线可以看出单基药混药与双基药混药的燃烧情况有所不同,对于单基混药,装填密度的上升会导致燃气生成猛度最大值Γmax的下降,且会使Γmax所在的ψ值变大,即推迟了药剂所能起到最大效能的燃烧程度。对于双基混药,装填密度的上升不仅会带来Γmax的上升,也对药剂的燃烧起到了一定的稳定作用。5.5∶4.5比例的双基混药在低装填密度下,燃烧的初始阶段(ψ<0.2)Γ-ψ曲线出现了一定的波动,而在高装填密度下并未出现此种现象。
可以观察到,除双基药55%比例两种装填密度的药剂,其余配比药剂的曲线均在ψ=1处结束燃烧。根据ψ的定义可知ψ=1为火药完全燃烧点,图4(b)中55%双基药的两种药剂在ψ=0.9左右结束燃烧,说明药剂存在明显的不完全燃烧现象,清理密闭爆发器时也发现上述两发实验中实际存在明显的药剂残留现象,如图5所示,理论与实际相印证,证明本节中对药剂的假设存在一定的可信度。推测未完全燃烧的原因在于,添加剂虽较难参与燃烧反应,但密闭爆发器内温度足够的情况下可发生热分解反应,当火药燃烧不够剧烈时,密闭爆发器内的温度难以使全部的钝感添加剂发生热分解反应,因此55%双基药的两种药剂在实验后会残留有部分药剂在密闭爆发器内。
已知线性燃速u=u1pn,对该式取对数,进行直线拟合,即可获得燃速系数u1与压力指数n。处理结果汇总在表2。对数据进行直线拟合过程中发现各配比药剂的ln u~ln p曲线斜率近似,因此在拟合过程中直线斜率均定义为1.5,即n=1.5,拟合相关度R2均在0.99以上,可认为拟合结果可信。
火药力f是用来衡量火药做功能力的特征值,本研究中所用药剂虽不是纯火药,但在同一假设体系下可利用该特征值进行比较性评价。从表中可以看出单+添(7∶3)配方的火药力最高,为564.87 kJ/kg,则该配方为四种配方中做功能力最好的配方;双+添(7∶3)配方的火药力较低一些,但仍比火药占比55%的两种配方火药力更高,做功能力强,证明在此类配方中,火药对整体药剂的做功能力占主导性因素,且单基药在占比较高时做功能力较双基药配方更优。
在压力指数n=1.5不变的情况下,燃烧速度u与燃速系数u1存在正相关关系,燃速系数u1越大,在相同压力下的燃烧速度越大,燃烧时间越短。从表中看出,单基药配方中燃烧速度最快,燃烧时间最短的为单+添(7∶3)Δ=0.12配方,其次为双+添(7∶3)Δ=0.2配方,并且对单基药配方而言装填密度的上升会导致燃速系数的下降,而对双基药配方而言会使燃速系数上升,这与前文中根据Γ-ψ曲线分析得出的结论是一致的。
(1)由于单基药比双基药更易传热升温,因此随着添加剂的加入其对双基药燃烧效果的影响比对单基药燃烧效果的影响要大。
(2)药剂配比的变化对燃烧性能的影响趋势是一致的。药剂装填密度的变化对单、双基药配方的影响不同:装填密度的上升会导致单基药配方燃烧效能的下降,而双基药配方会出现燃烧效能的上升。
(3)综合以上两点结论考虑,为达到最合理的燃烧效能,后续根据所需性能针对此种配方调整装填药剂时,单基药配方应优先考虑调整单基药的质量占比,双基药配方可优先考虑调整药剂的装填密度。
(4)为提高燃烧的稳定性,可在药剂中添加适量的氧化剂组分,以调整药剂的氧平衡值,提高药剂的燃烧完全程度。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
LAZAR K, VLADISLAV K, IVAN J, et al. Environmental and safety accidents related to blasting operation[J]. A-merican Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 8(4): 360-365.
[2]
FARADONBEH R S, ARMAGHANI D J, MONJEZI M, et al. Genetic programming and gene expression programming for flyrock assessment due to mine blasting[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2016, 88: 254-264.
[3]
RAINA A K, MURTHY V M S R, SONI A K. Flyrock in bench blasting: a comprehensive review[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2014, 73(4): 1199-1209.
[4]
宋光明. 爆破地震效应与减震方法的探讨[J]. 世界采矿快报, 1999(1): 26-29.
SONG Guang-ming. Approach to effect blast vibration and methods to decrease vibration[J]. Mining Technology, 1999(1): 26-29. (in Chinese)
[5]
董海佩, 程贵海, 牛虎, 等. 基于事故树分析法的控制爆破危害影响研究[J]. 爆破, 2018, 35(2): 151-154.
DONG Hai-pei, CHENG Gui-hai, NIU Hu, et al. Research on hazard of controlled blasting based on fault tree analysis[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(2): 151-154. (in Chinese)
[6]
OLUWOYE I, DLUGOGORSKI B Z, GORE J, et al. Atmospheric emission of NOx from mining explosives: A critical review[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2017, 167: 81-96.
[7]
WENG Z H, MUDD G M, MARTIN T, et al. Pollutant loads from coal mining in Australia: Discerning trends from the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI)[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2012, 19-20: 78-89.
[8]
JAFFE D A, WIGDER N L. Ozone production from wildfires: A critical review[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 51: 1-10.
[9]
余红兵, 尚钰姣, 赵明生, 等. 地下室爆破拆除对紧邻建筑的危害控制[J]. 爆破, 2017, 34(1): 148-151.
YU Hong-bin, SHANG Yu-jiao, ZHAO Ming-sheng, et al. Hazards control of basement explosive demolition to adjacent building[J]. Blasting, 2017, 34(1): 148-151. (in Chinese)
[10]
陈仲超, 刘广军. 浅析城镇爆破工程危害的综合控制[J]. 工程爆破, 2006(4): 60-63.
CHEN Zhong-chao, LIU Guang-jun. Analysis on comprehensive control of damage from blasting engineering in city[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2006(4): 60-63. (in Chinese)
[11]
谢兴华, 张小康. 非爆破破岩法研究综述[J]. 煤矿爆破, 2017(6): 19-23.
XIE Xing-hua, ZHANG Xiao-kang. Review of the study of non-explosive rock breaking[J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 2017(6): 19-23. (in Chinese)
[12]
谢兴华, 张小康, 王林杰, 等. 一种高能燃烧破岩药柱的应用[J]. 工程爆破, 2017, 23(5): 76-80.
XIE Xing-hua, ZHANG Xiao-kang, WANG Lin-jie, et al. Application of a high-energy incendiary crushing rock charge column[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2017, 23(5): 76-80. (in Chinese)
[13]
PICKERING R, YOUNG C. Controlled foam injection: a new and innovative non-explosive rockbreaking technology[J]. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2017, 117(3): 237-243.
[14]
徐颖, 程玉生. 高压气体爆破破煤机理模型试验研究[J]. 煤矿爆破, 1996(3): 1-4.
XU Yin, CHENG Yu-sheng. Model test study on coal breaking mechanism of high pressure gas blasting[J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 1996(3): 1-4. (in Chinese)
[15]
SINGH S P. Non-explosive applications of the PCF concept for underground excavation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1998, 13(3): 305-311.
[16]
De GRAAF W W, SPITERI W. A preliminary qualitative evaluation of a hydraulic splitting cylinder for breaking rock in deep-level mining[J]. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2018, 118(8): 891-897.
[17]
De SILVA V R S, RANJITH P G, PERERA M S A, et al. A modified, hydrophobic soundless cracking demolition agent for non-explosive demolition and fracturing applications[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2018, 119: 1-13.
[18]
GUPTA R N. Emerging explosives and initiation devices for increased safety, reliability, and performance for excavation in weak rocks, mining and close to surface structures[C]//International Conference on Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE), 2016: 91, 361-369.
[19]
余永刚, 薛晓春. 发射药燃烧学[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2016.
YU Yong-gang, XUE Xiao-chun. Propellant combustion[M]. Beijing: Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 2016. (in Chinese)
[20]
蔺向阳, 郑文芳. 火药学[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2020.
LIN Xiang-yang, ZHENG Wen-fang. Gunpowder[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2020. (in Chinese)
[21]
中国国家标准化管理委员会, 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB 6944—2012危险货物分类和品名编号[S]. 2012.
Standardization Administration of China, General Admiistration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quaratine of the People's Republic of China. GB 6944—2012 Classification and code of dangerous goods[S]. 2012. (in Chinese)
2023年第40卷第2期
PDF下载
119
52
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024
  • 接收时间:2023-01-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2023-06-01
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-07
基金
作者信息
    1.南京理工大学 化学与化工学院,南京 210094
    2.泸州北方化学工业有限公司,泸州 646000
    3.上海美同安防工程科技有限公司,上海 200090

通讯作者:

黄寅生(1962-),男,教授、博导,主要从事军事化学与烟火技术研究,(E-mail)
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.024
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏