Article(id=1241089940365300448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1673366400000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773828500119, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1685548800000, pubDateStr=2023-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773828500119, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773828500119, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828500119, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241089933696364783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773828498529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828588505, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=123, endPage=131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241089942814774095, articleId=1241089940365300448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Explosive Demolition of Double Arched Bridge Obstructing Navigation in Close Proximity to Important Buildings, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Yan Zhou power station bridge was built on the proposed structure site of the Yan Zhou hub project, which included construction of a new ship lock, power station, and spillway gate. Due to the progress of the engineering construction, the bridge was dismantled. The Yan Zhou power station bridge is a hyperbolic arch bridge with a total length of 180.0 m and a width of 8 m. It is located in the Pengshan tourist scenic area, surrounded by many famous historical sites and enterprise factories. The environment was complex, and the nearest distance from the bridge to the existing power station dam was 8 m. The reinforced concrete box girder bridge of the power station dam was adjacent and shared a bridge pier with it. Due to the working conditions on-site, blasting demolition was adopted. In order to ensure the reliable collapse and complete disassembly of the entire bridge, as well as the separation of steel bars and concrete, the components such as arch ribs, arch columns, and connecting beams were pulverized through throwing explosive devices, with a powder factor of 1.2~1.5 kg/m. Reinforced loose blasting was used to destroy the bridge piers, and the maximum explosive charge for a single pier was 480 kg. According to the principle of heavy left and light right, the entire bridge was collapsed toward the right bank direction like a domino. An inner-hole delay and out-hole relay initiation network was used. The MS12 detonator was used for the inner-hole delay, and the industrial electronic detonators were used in parallel out of the holes. The blasting order was from left bank to right bank, and then from pier to pier, to ensure that the bridge collapsed orderly and vertically, without causing crushing impact to the left bank bridge pier. A leaky PVC was pre-laid underwater along a 100m line near the left bank power station and water roller dam. An air compressor was used to press the air into the pipe to form an air bubble curtain, which effectively reduced the water shock wave overpressure, thereby reducing the impact of blasting vibration and water shock waves on surrounding buildings and structures.

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艳洲电站大桥位于艳洲枢纽工程新建船闸、电站及泄水闸拟建坝址上,根据工程建设进度安排,对该桥予以拆除。艳洲电站大桥为双曲拱桥,桥梁全长180.0 m,桥面宽8 m,其地处彭山旅游风景区,周边有多处名胜古迹、企业厂房,环境复杂,与紧临既有电站大坝最近处为8 m,与电站大坝箱梁桥紧接并共用一个桥台。限于现场作业条件,最终决定采用爆破拆除工艺。为确保整个桥体可靠倒塌且解体充分、钢筋混凝土分离,采取抛掷爆破装药炸碎拱肋、拱柱、连梁等构件,单耗为1.2~1.5 kg/m3。采用加强松动爆破炸毁桥墩,最大单墩药量为480 kg,按照左重右轻的原则,使整桥似骨牌式向右岸方向倒塌。采用孔内延时孔外接力传爆网路,即孔内雷管采取MS12段,孔外工业电子雷管并联,起爆顺序为由左岸向右逐跨、墩起爆,保证桥体平稳逐跨有序垂直塌落,且不会对左岸桥台形成挤压冲击。通过在靠近左岸电站、滚水坝沿线100 m水下,预先敷设漏气PVC,用空压机向管内打压形成气泡帷幕,有效减小水击波超压,从而降低了爆破振动和水击波对周边建(构)筑物的影响。

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李贵阳(1991-),男,工程师、学士,从事水运工程施工技术管理,(E-mail)

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李贵阳(1991-),男,工程师、学士,从事水运工程施工技术管理,(E-mail)

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李贵阳(1991-),男,工程师、学士,从事水运工程施工技术管理,(E-mail)

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Study on complete technology of retrofit and reinforcement of double curved arch bridge[M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2008: 116-119. 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Analysis of the formula about blasting flying rock's casting distance[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2009, 15(3): 31-34. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of the formula about blasting flying rock's casting distance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957054435948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家安全生产监督管理总局. GB 6722-2014爆破安全规程[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957155099246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=State Administration of Work Safety. GB 6722-2014 Safety regulations for blasting[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2015. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957276734067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=120, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=黄雄, 田水龙, 余兴和, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄雄, 田水龙, 余兴和, 等. 复杂环境下小塌落高度双曲拱桥爆破拆除[J]. 爆破, 2022, 39(1): 120-129., articleTitle=复杂环境下小塌落高度双曲拱桥爆破拆除, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957360620151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=120, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=HUANG Xiong, TIAN Shui-long, YU Xing-he, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Xiong, TIAN Shui-long, YU Xing-he, et al. Blasting demolition of double-curved arch bridge with small collapse height in complex environment[J]. Blasting, 2022, 39(1): 120-129. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Blasting demolition of double-curved arch bridge with small collapse height in complex environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957452894839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=尹入成, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=尹入成. 不同规格气泡幕对鱼类趋避行为影响机制及其工程应用设计[D]. 宜昌: 三峡大学, 2020., articleTitle=不同规格气泡幕对鱼类趋避行为影响机制及其工程应用设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957540975229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=21, authorNames=YIN Ru-cheng, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YIN Ru-cheng. The influence mechanism of bubble curtain of different specifications on the approach-avoidance behavior of fishes and its engineering application design[D]. Yichang: China Three Gorges University, 2020. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The influence mechanism of bubble curtain of different specifications on the approach-avoidance behavior of fishes and its engineering application design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957637444225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=49, issue=8, pageStart=72, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=谢达建, 吴立, 洪江, journalName=人民长江, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢达建, 吴立, 洪江, 等. 气泡帷幕对水下爆破冲击波的削弱作用研究[J]. 人民长江, 2018, 49(8): 72-77., articleTitle=气泡帷幕对水下爆破冲击波的削弱作用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089957729718918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=49, issue=8, pageStart=72, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=XIE Da-jian, WU Li, HONG Jiang, journalName=Yangtze River, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Da-jian, WU Li, HONG Jiang, et al. Study on weakening effect of bubble curtain on water shock wave in underwater blastingt[J]. Yangtze River, 2018, 49(8): 72-77. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on weakening effect of bubble curtain on water shock wave in underwater blastingt, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089946757419086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089946761613392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, companyId=1241089946757419086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Co, Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089946770002000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, companyId=1241089946757419086, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中交第二航务工程局有限公司,武汉 430040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241089948649050380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Surrounding environment of the blasting site (unit: m), figureFileSmall=wSrZExp2qusyHg0EObhjWg==, figureFileBig=ONxlvBH5WPAMfGkq6uOMEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089948732936468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=图1, caption=爆破环境平面示意图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=wSrZExp2qusyHg0EObhjWg==, figureFileBig=ONxlvBH5WPAMfGkq6uOMEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089950368715045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The bridge structure (unit: m), figureFileSmall=16wcS9cYdsf9hHI3kGXQXg==, figureFileBig=dmxYnlCvR2bpapufSmA+ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089950465184043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=图2, caption=桥梁结构示意图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=16wcS9cYdsf9hHI3kGXQXg==, figureFileBig=dmxYnlCvR2bpapufSmA+ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089950553264434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Scheme of bridge pier charge structure (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=SNG+dE9dtZUf01GXunCYdA==, figureFileBig=CgTxN4+1ua809koYA3oLIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089950649733433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=图3, caption=桥墩装药结构示意图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=SNG+dE9dtZUf01GXunCYdA==, figureFileBig=CgTxN4+1ua809koYA3oLIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089950716842304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Arch rib hole diagram (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=jJvj7+MNhLv0b3zLIO8emQ==, figureFileBig=fh4Ndsf8tXDoDWRBeErOyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089950872031561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=图4, caption=拱肋布孔示意图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=jJvj7+MNhLv0b3zLIO8emQ==, figureFileBig=fh4Ndsf8tXDoDWRBeErOyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089950997860687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Blast holes on the arch column (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=Sr9CRJWCje2NNoww77pvRw==, figureFileBig=UjSB1jsVdS7OerdPDMcnXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089951111106903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=图5, caption=拱柱布孔示意图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=Sr9CRJWCje2NNoww77pvRw==, figureFileBig=UjSB1jsVdS7OerdPDMcnXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089951362765159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Holes in the cover and connecting beam (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=WQry6Z1s95EmlEEBKcj4Mg==, figureFileBig=y5mWk4lFlSACbO9p8mMjUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089951463428461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=图6, caption=盖、连梁布孔示意图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=WQry6Z1s95EmlEEBKcj4Mg==, figureFileBig=y5mWk4lFlSACbO9p8mMjUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089951614423416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Diagram of initiation network, figureFileSmall=aWVnY5kQJ5SuZxaHiwZLFA==, figureFileBig=vxWiIFQZ2L8bO7F54W2iKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089951727669632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=图7, caption=起爆网路示意图, figureFileSmall=aWVnY5kQJ5SuZxaHiwZLFA==, figureFileBig=vxWiIFQZ2L8bO7F54W2iKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241089951866081673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameter table of bridge pier blasting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位孔距/m排距/m孔数/个孔深/m单耗/(kg·m-3单孔药量/kg单墩药量/kg
左墩31.0813.30.860480
右墩31.087.70.831252
), ArticleFig(id=1241089951966744980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

桥墩爆破参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位孔距/m排距/m孔数/个孔深/m单耗/(kg·m-3单孔药量/kg单墩药量/kg
左墩31.0813.30.860480
右墩31.087.70.831252
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952088379803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Number of arch rib holes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位右跨中跨左跨合计/个
1#肋6#肋7#肋拱顶10#肋11#肋12#肋13#肋14#肋15#肋拱顶16#肋17#肋18#肋
数量4040404040404040404040404040 
合计80801201208080560
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952205820321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

拱肋炮孔数量表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位右跨中跨左跨合计/个
1#肋6#肋7#肋拱顶10#肋11#肋12#肋13#肋14#肋15#肋拱顶16#肋17#肋18#肋
数量4040404040404040404040404040 
合计80801201208080560
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952331649449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Arch rib charge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位孔距/cm排距/m孔数/个孔深/cm单耗/(kg·m-3单孔药量/g单元药量/kg
1#肋351.9540851.51506
6#肋351.9540851.51506
7#肋351.9540851.51506
拱顶351.9540851.51506
10#肋351.9540851.51506
11#肋351.9540851.51506
12#肋351.9540851.51506
13#肋351.9540851.51506
14#肋351.9540851.51506
15#肋351.9540851.51506
拱顶351.9540851.51506
16#肋351.9540851.51506
17#肋351.9540851.51506
18#肋351.9540851.51506
合计  560   84
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952440701360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

拱肋装药量统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位孔距/cm排距/m孔数/个孔深/cm单耗/(kg·m-3单孔药量/g单元药量/kg
1#肋351.9540851.51506
6#肋351.9540851.51506
7#肋351.9540851.51506
拱顶351.9540851.51506
10#肋351.9540851.51506
11#肋351.9540851.51506
12#肋351.9540851.51506
13#肋351.9540851.51506
14#肋351.9540851.51506
15#肋351.9540851.51506
拱顶351.9540851.51506
16#肋351.9540851.51506
17#肋351.9540851.51506
18#肋351.9540851.51506
合计  560   84
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952524587448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Number of arch colunm holes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位中跨左跨合计/个
11#柱12#柱13#柱14#肋15#肋16#肋17#肋
数量16324032161632 
合计 88 4848184
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952625250751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

拱柱炮孔数量表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位中跨左跨合计/个
11#柱12#柱13#柱14#肋15#肋16#肋17#肋
数量16324032161632 
合计 88 4848184
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952721719747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Statistical table of arch rib charge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位孔距/cm排距/m孔数/个孔深/cm单耗/(kg·m-3单孔药量/g单元药量/kg
11#柱451.9516431.22003.2
12#柱451.9532431.22006.4
13#柱451.9540431.22008.0
14#柱451.9532431.22006.4
15#柱451.9516431.52003.2
16#柱451.9516431.22003.2
17#柱451.9532431.22006.4
合计  184   36.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952839160268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

拱肋装药量统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位孔距/cm排距/m孔数/个孔深/cm单耗/(kg·m-3单孔药量/g单元药量/kg
11#柱451.9516431.22003.2
12#柱451.9532431.22006.4
13#柱451.9540431.22008.0
14#柱451.9532431.22006.4
15#柱451.9516431.52003.2
16#柱451.9516431.22003.2
17#柱451.9532431.22006.4
合计  184   36.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241089952994349526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Number of cover and connecting beam holes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位中跨左跨合计/个
11#梁12#梁13#梁14#梁15#梁16#梁17#梁
数量24241224242424 
合计604848156
), ArticleFig(id=1241089953099207134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

盖、连梁炮孔数量表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位中跨左跨合计/个
11#梁12#梁13#梁14#梁15#梁16#梁17#梁
数量24241224242424 
合计604848156
), ArticleFig(id=1241089953229230566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Charge for the cover and connecting beam

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位孔距/cm排距孔数/个孔深/cm单耗/(kg·m-3单孔药量/g单元药量/kg
11#梁45/24401.21303.12
12#梁45/24401.21303.12
13#梁45/12401.21301.56
14#梁45/24401.21303.12
15#梁45/24401.51303.12
16#梁45/24401.21303.12
17#梁45/24401.21303.12
合计  156   20.28
), ArticleFig(id=1241089953338282475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

盖、连装药量统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破部位孔距/cm排距孔数/个孔深/cm单耗/(kg·m-3单孔药量/g单元药量/kg
11#梁45/24401.21303.12
12#梁45/24401.21303.12
13#梁45/12401.21301.56
14#梁45/24401.21303.12
15#梁45/24401.51303.12
16#梁45/24401.21303.12
17#梁45/24401.21303.12
合计  156   20.28
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Permissible value of particle vibration velocity and maximum charge per delay

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爆破部位防护目标最小距离/mKα单段起爆药量/kg允许振速/(cm·s-1计算振速/(cm·s-1
1#拱肋右岸南侧楼房13037.11.5741.50.036
18#拱肋左岸电站水闸837.11.5746.02.920
右桥墩南侧厂房170150.01.50601.50.520
左桥墩电站水闸62150.01.501206.03.360
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爆破振动质点振速允许值及最大单段药量允许值

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爆破部位防护目标最小距离/mKα单段起爆药量/kg允许振速/(cm·s-1计算振速/(cm·s-1
1#拱肋右岸南侧楼房13037.11.5741.50.036
18#拱肋左岸电站水闸837.11.5746.02.920
右桥墩南侧厂房170150.01.50601.50.520
左桥墩电站水闸62150.01.501206.03.360
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Vibration velocity monitoring data (Sluice control room)

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通道号通道名称最大值/(cm·s-1最大值时刻/s半波主频/Hz
1CH10.010.097663.49
2CH20.110.20246.46
3CH30.240.19906.31
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爆破振动质点振速监测记录表(泄水闸控制室)

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通道号通道名称最大值/(cm·s-1最大值时刻/s半波主频/Hz
1CH10.010.097663.49
2CH20.110.20246.46
3CH30.240.19906.31
), ArticleFig(id=1241089955255079435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089940365300448, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Vibration velocity monitoring data (Tengfei Chemical Plant Office Building)

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通道号通道名称最大值/(cm·s-1最大值时刻/s半波主频/Hz
1CH10.014.745712.05
2CH20.144.857711.59
3CH30.124.853312.16
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爆破振动质点振速监测记录表(腾飞化工厂办公楼)

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通道号通道名称最大值/(cm·s-1最大值时刻/s半波主频/Hz
1CH10.014.745712.05
2CH20.144.857711.59
3CH30.124.853312.16
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紧临重要建筑物碍航双曲拱桥爆破拆除
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李贵阳 , 熊英建
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023,40(2): 123-131
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023, 40(2): 123-131
紧临重要建筑物碍航双曲拱桥爆破拆除
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李贵阳 , 熊英建
作者信息
  • 中交第二航务工程局有限公司,武汉 430040
  • 李贵阳(1991-),男,工程师、学士,从事水运工程施工技术管理,(E-mail)

Explosive Demolition of Double Arched Bridge Obstructing Navigation in Close Proximity to Important Buildings
Gui-yang LI , Ying-jian XIONG
Affiliations
  • CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Co, Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China
出版时间: 2023-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.018
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艳洲电站大桥位于艳洲枢纽工程新建船闸、电站及泄水闸拟建坝址上,根据工程建设进度安排,对该桥予以拆除。艳洲电站大桥为双曲拱桥,桥梁全长180.0 m,桥面宽8 m,其地处彭山旅游风景区,周边有多处名胜古迹、企业厂房,环境复杂,与紧临既有电站大坝最近处为8 m,与电站大坝箱梁桥紧接并共用一个桥台。限于现场作业条件,最终决定采用爆破拆除工艺。为确保整个桥体可靠倒塌且解体充分、钢筋混凝土分离,采取抛掷爆破装药炸碎拱肋、拱柱、连梁等构件,单耗为1.2~1.5 kg/m3。采用加强松动爆破炸毁桥墩,最大单墩药量为480 kg,按照左重右轻的原则,使整桥似骨牌式向右岸方向倒塌。采用孔内延时孔外接力传爆网路,即孔内雷管采取MS12段,孔外工业电子雷管并联,起爆顺序为由左岸向右逐跨、墩起爆,保证桥体平稳逐跨有序垂直塌落,且不会对左岸桥台形成挤压冲击。通过在靠近左岸电站、滚水坝沿线100 m水下,预先敷设漏气PVC,用空压机向管内打压形成气泡帷幕,有效减小水击波超压,从而降低了爆破振动和水击波对周边建(构)筑物的影响。

双曲拱桥  /  爆破拆除  /  紧临建筑物  /  抛掷爆破  /  气泡帷幕

The Yan Zhou power station bridge was built on the proposed structure site of the Yan Zhou hub project, which included construction of a new ship lock, power station, and spillway gate. Due to the progress of the engineering construction, the bridge was dismantled. The Yan Zhou power station bridge is a hyperbolic arch bridge with a total length of 180.0 m and a width of 8 m. It is located in the Pengshan tourist scenic area, surrounded by many famous historical sites and enterprise factories. The environment was complex, and the nearest distance from the bridge to the existing power station dam was 8 m. The reinforced concrete box girder bridge of the power station dam was adjacent and shared a bridge pier with it. Due to the working conditions on-site, blasting demolition was adopted. In order to ensure the reliable collapse and complete disassembly of the entire bridge, as well as the separation of steel bars and concrete, the components such as arch ribs, arch columns, and connecting beams were pulverized through throwing explosive devices, with a powder factor of 1.2~1.5 kg/m. Reinforced loose blasting was used to destroy the bridge piers, and the maximum explosive charge for a single pier was 480 kg. According to the principle of heavy left and light right, the entire bridge was collapsed toward the right bank direction like a domino. An inner-hole delay and out-hole relay initiation network was used. The MS12 detonator was used for the inner-hole delay, and the industrial electronic detonators were used in parallel out of the holes. The blasting order was from left bank to right bank, and then from pier to pier, to ensure that the bridge collapsed orderly and vertically, without causing crushing impact to the left bank bridge pier. A leaky PVC was pre-laid underwater along a 100m line near the left bank power station and water roller dam. An air compressor was used to press the air into the pipe to form an air bubble curtain, which effectively reduced the water shock wave overpressure, thereby reducing the impact of blasting vibration and water shock waves on surrounding buildings and structures.

double-curved arch bridge  /  demolition by blasting  /  adjacent building  /  throwing blasting  /  bubble curtain
李贵阳, 熊英建. 紧临重要建筑物碍航双曲拱桥爆破拆除. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (2) : 123 -131 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.018
Gui-yang LI, Ying-jian XIONG. Explosive Demolition of Double Arched Bridge Obstructing Navigation in Close Proximity to Important Buildings[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (2) : 123 -131 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.018
成熟于20世纪60年代的双曲拱桥[1],限于当时的技术水平及建设规模,多已无法满足当今大交通量运输服务需求,逐步成为危旧桥梁或碍航桥梁,此类桥梁面临拆除已是大趋势。为保护紧临构筑物安全,通常采用需要搭设支架的机凿法和吊移法拆除此类桥梁[2]。以艳洲枢纽工程碍航双曲拱桥(艳洲电站大桥)为例,采用抛掷爆破和加强松动装药相结合的装药方式,成功实现爆破拆除,有效保护了紧临重要建筑物,可为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。
湖南省澧县艳洲电站大桥始建于20世纪90年代,为三跨钢筋混凝土双曲拱桥,单跨跨径53 m,全长180 m,桥面宽8 m,河中共有2个桥墩,右岸为一个独立桥台,左侧桥台位于河中鱼咀处与现有泄水闸相连。艳洲电站大桥属澧水石门至澧县航道建设工程艳洲枢纽工程中的碍航桥梁,为满足Ⅲ级航道通航标准,需对此桥进行拆除重建。
大桥地处彭山旅游风景区,古澧州外八景之一的“思王祠”坐落于彭山山顶,千年古寺“彭山寺”雄踞于此,澧县烈士陵园原址亦在彭山,为本县爱国主义教育基地之一。该桥西距常德远超塑业建筑群270 m、滟洲水利水电工程管理局525 m、彭山寺845 m,南距腾飞化工厂办公楼80 m,西南距东鹏陶瓷厂办公楼140 m,东南距金源化工厂废弃厂房(危房)180 m,桥北端与电站大坝相距8 m,与电站大坝箱梁桥紧接并共用一个桥台,桥底河流施工期水位约为32 m,水深约3.5 m,周边环境十分复杂。见图1
桥梁净跨50 m,净高8.33 m,矢跨比1/6,设计拱顶标高47.46 m、河床标高28.5 m。每跨设4根矩形钢筋混凝土拱肋,混凝土标号为C20,截面为42 cm×60 cm,间距1.92m(净间距1.32 m),每跨拱肋间等间距设置6道钢筋混凝土系梁,系梁截面尺寸为30 cm×60 cm,主拱圈顶上为预制安装的弧形钢筋混凝土盖板,弧形盖板上浇筑一层素混凝土。
中间腹拱为六孔,为立柱加系梁加预制拱圈结构,每孔设四根现浇钢筋混凝土立柱,断面尺寸为60 cm×65 cm,立柱高度分别为7.5 m、4.2 m、1.2 m;4根柱上部连为T型门字结构,厚度为36~76 cm;相邻的4根门字形立柱框架上压盖厚30 cm厚弧形预制砼拱波板;拱顶填料为水泥砂浆和石灰三合土,厚度40 cm,桥面为沥青混凝土桥面。
桥墩为外围浆砌混凝土预制块,内部150#埋石砼填心桥墩,桥墩底宽4.0 m、顶宽3.0 m,长11.88 m,高10 m;承台直接落于河床上,断面为T形结构,上层宽5.2 m、长13.08 m,下层宽6.4 m、长14.28 m、高1.5 m;河床设100#砼护底,河床标高为28.5 m,承台埋入河床1.5 m。见图2
根据设计单位的建议,原拆除工艺拟采用桥下搭设满堂支架,机械、人工拆解,浮吊吊运的施工工艺。经过现场踏勘,待拆桥梁上游艳洲老船闸(300 t)闸室净宽为12 m,下游引航道底高程为28.33 m,
大型浮吊设备无法驶入;待拆桥梁下游为断流航道,浮吊亦无法通行;因双曲拱桥结构受力复杂,为避免拆除过程中发生意外险情,故不考虑起重设备停放于桥面进行作业。经综合研判分析,决定在复杂环境下对此桥梁实施爆破拆除,爆破完成后,填筑临时通道,采用后退法将爆破残渣及填筑料同时挖除。
(1)预处理难。双曲拱桥的主要受力和承重构件是桥墩(台)和拱肋,而上部结构为非受力结构构件。但预拆除这部分构件会影响甚至改变下部结构的受力状况,且该桥建造年久,禁止大型机动车通行。
如果不进行预处理,爆后增加水下破碎清运工作量,延长施工作业时间。因此,应在保证绝对安全的前提下进行必要的预拆除,限拆除照明、防撞护栏和路面铺装层等非承重受力构件,且应对称、平衡、均匀、分段、逐层拆除,同时加强安全监测。
(2)桥北端紧连的水电设施防护难。曲拱桥受力结构特点决定,爆后桥梁坍塌,左岸桥台受推拉、挤压作用,可能影响紧临的箱梁桥稳定。
(3)钻孔、装药、安全防护难。一是要加大爆破构件的量。适当加大需水下清理打捞的非受力、承重构件加大破坏范围。二是加大炸药单耗,变加强松动为弱飞散爆破,使构件钢筋、混凝土分离。三是水上、桥上垂直运送爆炸物品和防护材料困难,防护作业难。
(4)爆后破碎打捞清运难。由于双曲拱桥跨度大、构件截面小,钻孔爆破不易破碎分离,桥下水深流急,爆后水下破碎难、切割钢筋难、打捞清运难,周期长、风险大、成本高。
(5)水中冲击波控制难。水下桥墩爆破和桥梁坍塌会形成水中冲击波,可能对水运航道停泊船只、紧临的水电枢纽设施,以及水生物造成不利影响。
(6)起爆网路复杂,盲炮排除难。由于加大了爆破力度,钻孔量、装药量、雷管量增加,起爆网路复杂,一旦出现盲炮,水下排除难度大、风险高。
为保证爆区周边景区、工厂、电站大坝箱梁桥安全,便于爆后清运,结合本桥结构特点并参考国内有关双曲拱桥成功拆除爆破案例[3,4],采用精细爆破拆除和机械切割破碎等相结合施工方案。为确保整个桥体定向倒塌且解体充分、钢筋混凝土分离,采取抛掷爆破装药炸碎拱肋、拱柱、连梁等构件[5],加强松动装药炸毁桥墩[6],同时设计不同的起爆顺序,使整桥似骨牌式向右岸方向倒塌。
(1)提前发布公告,设置警示标识,封闭交通,在待拆桥梁两头,设置护栏封闭施工区域。
(2)预先拆除桥体管线、管道、灯杆、水管道、燃气管道等附属设施。严格按设计要求进行钻孔和防护标定。主要包括:围挡搭设,钻孔标定等。
(3)用切割机或小型破碎机械将桥面与桥墩对应的位置分别对应拱肋开30 cm天窗,以便潜孔钻或三角钻向桥墩对应钻孔。另分别在各跨靠近拱顶的腹拱顶开设1.0 m×1.5 m的天窗,以方便拱肋、拱柱爆破作业、爆破器材和防护材料运送。
(1)采取小型吊车配合切割拆除桥上灯杆和铁制护栏,拆除搭(铺)设在桥外侧的各种电线、电缆。
(2)用液压切割机切断桥两侧钢筋混凝土防撞护栏,用吊车或机械将其搬运至桥端运离。或用液压破碎锤由外向内破碎防撞护栏,用气割切割分离回收钢筋。
(3)为保证爆破后桥体顺利按预定方向倒塌,防止左岸端桥上部坍塌后座影响其相连的发电站箱梁桥稳定,在起爆前将上部结构北侧第一排拱面板切断(保留钢筋)。
(1)孔距:左跨桥墩对桥墩全部进行爆破,右跨桥墩仅对上半部位进行爆破。每个桥墩体布2排,每排3个孔,孔间距a=3 m;排间隔0.5 m,两排错开1.0 m;另在两排孔中间两端各布置1个炮孔。
(2)炮孔深度:H左墩=13.3 m;H右墩=7.7 m。
(3)炸药单耗:q=0.8 kg/m3
(4)装药量:Q左墩=qV=0.8×600=480 kg;Q右墩=qV=0.8×315=252 kg。
(5)单孔装药量:Q左墩单=480÷8=60 kg;Q右墩单=252÷8=31 kg。
(6)装药结构:装药长度9.6 m,采取分三段间隔装药见图3,即下部耦合段4.6 m、间隔1.0 m,中间耦合段装药3.0 m、间隔1.0 m,上段耦合段装药2.0 m。
(7)填塞长度:L=13.3-4.6-1.0-3.0-1.0-2.0=1.7 m。见表1
(1)孔距:最小抵抗线W=B/2=42/2=21 cm,炮孔间距a=35 cm。分别在右跨第1、6孔拱肋,中跨第7孔、拱顶、第10、11、12孔拱肋,以及左跨拱顶和左跨第10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18孔拱肋段分别布置10个炮孔,每段3.15 m。如图4所示。见表2表3
(2)炮孔深度:拱肋高66 cm,拱肋上拱波交汇板厚40 cm,炮孔深度取85 cm,其中肋梁内深45 cm。
(3)炸药单耗:肋梁q=1.5 kg/m3,拱肋上拱波q=0.5 kg/m3
(4)单孔装药量:Q=1.5×0.42×0.66×0.35,取150 g。
(5)拱肋装药量:Q=560×0.150=84 kg。
左侧一跨半所有拱柱均布孔爆破。7.5 m柱在上下两端各布5个孔,4.2 m柱上下两端各布4个孔,1.2 m柱上下两端各布2个孔。如图5所示。见表4表5
(1)孔距:最小抵抗线W=B/2=60/2=30 cm,炮孔间距a=45 cm。
(2)炮孔深度:拱柱边长66 cm,炮孔深度取43 cm。
(3)炸药单耗:肋梁q=1.2 kg/m3
(4)单孔装药量:Q=1.2×0.6×0.66×0.45,取200 g。
(5)拱柱装药量
7.5 m墩上柱:Q=10×200=2.0 kg,墩上柱装药:4×2.0=8.0 kg。
4.2 m肋上柱:Q=8×200=1.6 kg,3排12根装药:12×1.6=19.2 kg。
1.2 m肋上柱:Q=4×200=0.8 kg,3排12根装药:12×0.8=9.6 kg。
左岸一跨半立柱装药量:36.8 kg。
仅对左一跨半即图6中11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18孔的7根盖梁和其对应的6根连梁布孔爆破。每根梁长8 m,分别在T型上下交叉处布孔3个。如图6所示。见表6表7
(1)孔距:a=45 cm。
(2)炮孔深度:梁厚60 cm,炮孔深度取40 cm。
(3)炸药单耗:肋梁q=1.2 kg/m3
(4)单孔装药量:Q=1.2×0.6×0.4×0.45,取130 g。
(5)盖梁、连梁装药量:130×156=20.28 kg。
为减小爆破振动危害,本工程网路设计应保证:一是控制最大一次齐爆药量,满足振动安全要求;二是网路传爆雷管全部传爆后,首响炮孔开始起爆,以确保网路的安全;三是爆破由桥左岸向右岸顺序传爆,保证桥体平稳逐跨有序垂直塌落,且不会对左岸桥台形成挤压冲击。故采用孔内延时孔外接力传爆网路,即孔内雷管采取MS12段,孔外工业电子雷管并联[7],每15~20发为簇,每一簇为一个节点,每节点使用两发同段电子雷管,由左岸向右岸依次排段,节点间电子雷管段差10 ms,整体网路形成50个节点,起爆共需1050 ms。起爆顺序为由左岸向右逐跨、墩起爆。起爆网路如图7所示。
根据多年来的工程实践经验[8],确认工程兵指挥学院关于爆破飞石的安全距离的计算经验公式(1)比较符合本工程的实际情况。
式中:R为爆破飞石的最大抛距,m;Kn为常数1.2~1.5;K为炸药单耗,kg/m3D为炮孔直径,mm。
经计算,桥墩(帽)最大飞散距离为:R墩下=1.2×0.8×90=86.4 m,R墩帽=1.2×0.6×90=64.8 m。
拱肋最大飞散距离为:R=1.5×1.5×40=90 m。
拱立柱、梁最大飞距离为:R梁柱=1.5×1.2×40=72 m。
按照《爆破安全规程》(GB 6722—2014)规定[9],爆破振动用公式(2)估算
式中:V为地面质点振动速度,cm/s;K为地质有关系数;α为衰减指数;Q为一次齐爆药量;R为保护建筑物离爆区的最小距离。
参照同类工程类比及本项目工程地质特点,爆破上部结构时K=37.1,α=1.57,爆破桥墩时K=150.0,α=1.50。
爆破上部结构距离保护目标最近距离:R=8 m。
爆破桥墩距离保护目标最近距离:R=62 m。
爆破上部结构允许单段药量:Q左单=15.8 kg。
爆破桥墩允许单段药量:Q单左=381.3 kg。
经计算:1#拱肋爆破震动对南侧楼房最大振动速度为0.036 cm/s,右桥墩爆破对南楼房最大振动速度为0.520 cm/s。
18#跨拱肋爆破震动电站对泄水闸最大振动速度为2.920 cm/s,左桥墩爆破对泄水闸最大振动速度为3.360 cm/s。因此,爆破震动不会造成不良影响,可确保周围建筑物安全稳定。
右岸拱肋、柱、梁均在桥面以下且位置较低,桥上下游河岸200 m内无建筑设施,仅桥南侧厂办公楼距右跨拱顶爆破部位150 m,在拱顶压草帘两层进行防护。
左跨拱肋、柱、梁爆破距离电站水闸较近,在左跨拱顶爆破部位压草帘两层,并对左跨柱子爆破采用近体防护,即用两层草苫围绕柱子包缠后再用铁丝捆扎;为了便于爆后清理,对拱肋防护采用悬挂草帘的或竹笆遮挡防护[10]
通过采取上述防护措施可确保爆破飞石控制在20 m左右范围内。爆破时间段内左岸公路进行暂时性的交通管制。
在拆除爆破工程中,由于单个药包药量较小,且设在梁、柱、墩体内部,因此,空气冲击波的危害可以忽略不计。
桥墩单段最大起爆药量较大,为降低其爆破对水闸、鱼咀、导流墙和滚水坝的影响,进一步减小水击波超压,在靠近左岸电站、滚水坝沿线100 m水下,预先敷设漏气PVC,用空压机向管内打压形成气泡帷幕[11,12],以降低爆破振动和水击波的影响。同时,分别在南岸厂房、泄水闸设置爆破振动监测仪。
起爆后,大桥由紧临重要建筑物侧似骨牌式向右岸方向倒塌。大桥严格按设计方向倒塌,触地并解体,整体破碎效果较好,达到了预期的爆破效果。因大桥完全按照设计方向倒塌,并未倒向电站大坝侧,故未对电站大坝产生较大的推拉、挤压作用,保证了紧临重要建筑物的安全,同时周边被保护建(构)筑物均未受到爆破有害效应的影响。爆破过程采用爆破测振仪记录振动速度,记录结果如表9表10所示。
经过对比,爆破振动质点振速最大值(泄水闸控制室)0.24 cm/s<6.0 cm/s;爆破振动质点振速最大值(腾飞化工厂办公楼)0.14 cm/s<1.5 cm/s,最大振动速度均在允许范围内。
(1)为降低爆破拆除双曲拱桥所产生的有害效应,有效保护紧临重要建筑物,桥梁拱肋、拱柱、连梁等构件采用抛掷爆破装药,单耗为1.2~1.5 kg/m3,桥墩采用加强松动装药,最大单墩药量为480 kg,实现了桥梁由左向右逐跨有序垂直塌落,有效降低了对左岸紧临建筑物的挤压冲击,确保了紧邻建筑物的安全,同时桥体解体充分,钢筋混凝土分离,显著减少爆后水下二次破碎、切割钢筋及打捞清运的工作量。
(2)通过在重要紧临建(构)筑物水下部分设置气泡帷幕,有效减小水击波超压,从而降低爆破振动和水击波对周边建(构)筑物的影响。
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2023年第40卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.018
  • 接收时间:2023-01-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2023-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-11
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    中交第二航务工程局有限公司,武汉 430040
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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