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Article(id=1241089939916509918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1675094400000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773828500011, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1685548800000, pubDateStr=2023-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773828500011, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773828500011, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828500011, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241089933696364783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773828498529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828588505, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=159, endPage=164, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241089941950747412, articleId=1241089939916509918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Development of Packaged Emulsion Explosive with Full Appearance and Long Storage Period, columnId=1240702073851925013, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to develop a kind of packaged emulsion explosive with full appearance and long storage period, the formulation of the packaged emulsion explosive with the best natural storage performance was selected as the reference object. The corresponding emulsion matrix was prepared by testing different kinds and proportions of emulsifiers, and the corresponding packaged emulsion explosive was prepared by physical sensitization and chemical sensitization. The storage stability of each emulsion explosive was evaluated by means of high-low temperature cycle tests and water solubility tests. The results show that the stability of the emulsion explosive prepared by polymer emulsifier LZ2832 is better than that prepared by polymer emulsifier EPE-3002. Among the composite emulsifiers, the stability is best when the ratio of emulsifier Span80 to emulsifier LZ2832 is 1∶9, which can be subjected to at least 40 high-low temperature cyclic tests. It is expected that this packaged emulsion explosive product can be stored naturally for more than 24 months. In explosive sensitization, hollow glass microspheres with a matrix mass of 1.2% are first physically sensitized. In addition, accelerant #2 with 0.2% matrix mass and a sensitizer with 0.3% matrix mass are used for chemical sensitization when the temperature dropped to 50~55 ℃. The aftereffect of explosive sensitization is obvious, and the final density is controlled at 1.05 to 1.10 g/cm3. The results of batch production tests on the production line are consistent with the experimental results, and the full and elastic packaged emulsion explosive product with a long storage period has been successfully developed. The explosive has remained stable in natural storage for 12 months with the detonation velocity more than 4500 m/s, the brisance more than 16 mm, and the detonation distance more than 6 cm.

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为研制外观饱满的长储存期包装型乳化炸药产品，选取公司当前自然储存性能最好的包装型乳化炸药产品配方作为参考，在此配方基础上，通过试验不同种类乳化剂及乳化剂复配比例制得相应的乳胶基质，并采用物理敏化为主、化学敏化为辅的复合敏化工艺，制得相应的包装型乳化炸药。采用高低温循环试验与水溶值测试结合的方法评判各配方乳化炸药产品的储存稳定性。试验结果表明：高分子乳化剂LZ2832制备的乳化炸药稳定性能优于高分子乳化剂EPE-3002制备的乳化炸药，复合乳化剂中乳化剂Span80∶乳化剂LZ2832=1∶9含量配比时制备的乳化炸药稳定性能最好，可经受至少40个高低温循环试验，预计此配方包装型乳化炸药产品可自然存储24个月以上。炸药敏化采用基质质量1.2%的空心玻璃微球先进行物理敏化，降温到50~55 ℃时采用基质质量0.2%的促进剂2和基质质量0.3%的敏化剂再进行化学敏化，炸药敏化后效作用明显，最终密度控制在1.05~1.10 g/cm3。进行生产线上批量生产试验验证，验证结果与实验研究结果一致，成功研制出外观饱满富有弹性的长储存期包装型乳化炸药产品，其自然储存12个月时，炸药性能仍保持稳定，爆速4500 m/s以上，猛度16 mm以上，殉爆距离6 cm以上。

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齐红雪（1989-），女，工程师、硕士，主要从事民用爆炸物品生产方面的技术研究，（E-mail）。

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齐红雪（1989-），女，工程师、硕士，主要从事民用爆炸物品生产方面的技术研究，（E-mail）。

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齐红雪（1989-），女，工程师、硕士，主要从事民用爆炸物品生产方面的技术研究，（E-mail）。

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Effect of oil phase materials on the stability and explosive properties of emulsion explosives[D]. Anhui: Anhui University of Science and Technology, 2020. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Experimental study on the effect of emulsifier mixture ratio on explosive properties and stability of emulsion explosive, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089950863642949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=17, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=陈银良, journalName=爆破器材, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈银良. 影响乳化炸药稳定性的因素分析[J]. 爆破器材, 2011, 40(2): 17-19., articleTitle=影响乳化炸药稳定性的因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951006249299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=17, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=CHEN Yin-liang, journalName=Blasting Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Yin-liang. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of factors affecting the stability of emulsion explosive, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951190798684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=7, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=卢文川, 孟昭禹, 马军, journalName=爆破器材, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢文川, 孟昭禹, 马军, 等. 乳化剂和油相材料对现场混装乳化炸药基质稳定性的影响[J]. 爆破器材, 2019, 48(6): 7-13., articleTitle=乳化剂和油相材料对现场混装乳化炸药基质稳定性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951350182249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=7, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=LU Wen-chuan, MENG Zhao-yu, MA Jun, journalName=Blasting Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Wen-chuan, MENG Zhao-yu, MA Jun, et al. Effect of emulsifier and oil phase materials on matrix stability of field mixed emulsion explosive[J]. Blasting Equipment, 2019, 48(6): 7-13. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of emulsifier and oil phase materials on matrix stability of field mixed emulsion explosive, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951463428463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=43, issue=17, pageStart=69, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=王志敏, journalName=广东化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志敏. 乳化剂种类对乳化炸药稳定性及爆炸性能的影响[J]. 广东化工, 2016, 43(17): 69-70., articleTitle=乳化剂种类对乳化炸药稳定性及爆炸性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951606034805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=43, issue=17, pageStart=69, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=21, authorNames=WANG Zhi-min, journalName=Guangdong Chemical, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhi-min. Effect of emulsifier types on stability and explosive performance of emulsion explosive[J]. Guangdong Chemical, 2016, 43(17): 69-70. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of emulsifier types on stability and explosive performance of emulsion explosive, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951731863936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=181, pageEnd=183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=游能先, journalName=化工管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=游能先. 敏化方式对乳化炸药性能的影响[J]. 化工管理, 2014(5): 181-183., articleTitle=敏化方式对乳化炸药性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951857693064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=181, pageEnd=183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=YOU Neng-xian, journalName=Chemical Industry Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YOU Neng-xian. Effect of sensitization mode on properties of emulsion explosive[J]. Chemical Industry Management, 2014(5): 181-183. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of sensitization mode on properties of emulsion explosive, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951979327893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=29, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=白建明, journalName=煤矿爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白建明. 影响乳化炸药化学敏化效果因素的探讨[J]. 煤矿爆破, 2016(5): 29-32., articleTitle=影响乳化炸药化学敏化效果因素的探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089952100962717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=29, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=BAI Jian-ming, journalName=Coal Mine Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAI Jian-ming. Discussion on factors influencing chemical sensitization effect of emulsion explosive[J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 2016(5): 29-32. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Discussion on factors influencing chemical sensitization effect of emulsion explosive, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089952205820323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=汪旭光, journalName=乳化炸药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪旭光. 乳化炸药[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241089942835745616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089942844134230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, companyId=1241089942835745616, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Gezhouba Explosive Co, Ltd, Chongqing 400023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241089942852522835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, companyId=1241089942835745616, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国葛洲坝集团 易普力股份有限公司，重庆 400023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241089944203088859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Emulsion matrix formulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号硝酸铵/%水/%硝酸钠/%油相材料/%乳化剂Span80/%乳化剂EPE-3002/%乳化剂LZ2832/%
1749.59.54.342.000.660.00
2749.59.54.342.000.000.66
3749.59.54.340.860.001.80
4749.59.54.340.270.002.39
5749.59.54.340.000.002.66
), ArticleFig(id=1241089944324723686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乳胶基质配方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号硝酸铵/%水/%硝酸钠/%油相材料/%乳化剂Span80/%乳化剂EPE-3002/%乳化剂LZ2832/%
1749.59.54.342.000.660.00
2749.59.54.342.000.000.66
3749.59.54.340.860.001.80
4749.59.54.340.270.002.39
5749.59.54.340.000.002.66
), ArticleFig(id=1241089945805313011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main production process parameters in laboratory

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水相温度/℃油相温度/℃乳化转速/rpm乳化时间/s
100~10595~100140090
), ArticleFig(id=1241089945935336448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实验室主要生产工艺参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水相温度/℃油相温度/℃乳化转速/rpm乳化时间/s
100~10595~100140090
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946023415816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Physical sensitization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空心玻璃微球加入量/%炸药密度/（g·cm-3）
1.01.22
1.21.20
1.41.18
1.51.17
2.01.13
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946115690511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

物理敏化效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空心玻璃微球加入量/%炸药密度/（g·cm-3）
1.01.22
1.21.20
1.41.18
1.51.17
2.01.13
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946212159513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Formulation design of accelerator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方编号A剂/%D剂/%水/%
1101080
220080
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946291851298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

促进剂配方设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方编号A剂/%D剂/%水/%
1101080
220080
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946459623467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Sensitization effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号敏化温度/℃敏化剂加入量/%促进剂促进剂加入量/%炸药密度/（g·cm-3）
0 min30 min20 h
3600.110.11.191.151.15
3600.210.21.191.111.08
3600.310.31.171.071.03
3600.220.11.191.121.08
3550.220.31.181.111.09
3550.320.21.181.111.04
1550.320.21.171.081.03
2550.320.21.181.091.04
4550.320.21.191.111.04
5550.320.21.191.121.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946598035513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

敏化效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号敏化温度/℃敏化剂加入量/%促进剂促进剂加入量/%炸药密度/（g·cm-3）
0 min30 min20 h
3600.110.11.191.151.15
3600.210.21.191.111.08
3600.310.31.171.071.03
3600.220.11.191.121.08
3550.220.31.181.111.09
3550.320.21.181.111.04
1550.320.21.171.081.03
2550.320.21.181.091.04
4550.320.21.191.111.04
5550.320.21.191.121.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946711281735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Initial performance of explosive

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm
152127
253267
349277
448087
545477
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946811945043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

炸药初始性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm
152127
253267
349277
448087
545477
), ArticleFig(id=1241089946925191262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Water soluble value of each sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号10个高低温循环后水溶值/%20个高低温循环后水溶值/%30个高低温循环后水溶值/%40个高低温循环后水溶值/%
10.0990.1490.3760.390
20.0780.1060.2380.312
30.0560.0600.0650.098
40.0570.0570.0580.062
50.0720.0950.1470.216
), ArticleFig(id=1241089947017465961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

各样品水溶值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号10个高低温循环后水溶值/%20个高低温循环后水溶值/%30个高低温循环后水溶值/%40个高低温循环后水溶值/%
10.0990.1490.3760.390
20.0780.1060.2380.312
30.0560.0600.0650.098
40.0570.0570.0580.062
50.0720.0950.1470.216
), ArticleFig(id=1241089947130712179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Main production process parameters on production line

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水相温度/℃油相温度/℃预乳转速/rpm产能/（t·h-1）
100~10595~1006003
), ArticleFig(id=1241089947248152707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

生产线上主要生产工艺参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水相温度/℃油相温度/℃预乳转速/rpm产能/（t·h-1）
100~10595~1006003
), ArticleFig(id=1241089947386564752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Natural storage properties of each sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号初始性能储存3个月储存6个月
爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm
15118819.54732717.54645616.8
35000820.14747717.04602617.6
44918819.94733718.14630617.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241089947470450844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

各样品自然储存性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号初始性能储存3个月储存6个月
爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm
15118819.54732717.54645616.8
35000820.14747717.04602617.6
44918819.94733718.14630617.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241089947575308455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Natural storage properties of each sample (continued)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号储存9个月储存12个月
爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm
14408615.24132514.1
34515616.24412615.6
44582616.94505616.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241089947663388847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089939916509918, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

各样品自然储存性能（续）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号储存9个月储存12个月
爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm爆速/（m·s-1）殉爆距离/cm猛度/mm
14408615.24132514.1
34515616.24412615.6
44582616.94505616.1
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外观饱满的长储存期包装型乳化炸药的研制
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齐红雪
爆破 | 爆破器材 2023,40(2): 159-164
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爆破 | 爆破器材 2023, 40(2): 159-164
外观饱满的长储存期包装型乳化炸药的研制
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齐红雪
作者信息
  • 中国葛洲坝集团 易普力股份有限公司，重庆 400023

    • 齐红雪（1989-），女，工程师、硕士，主要从事民用爆炸物品生产方面的技术研究，（E-mail）。

Development of Packaged Emulsion Explosive with Full Appearance and Long Storage Period
Hong-xue QI
Affiliations
  • Gezhouba Explosive Co, Ltd, Chongqing 400023, China
出版时间: 2023-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.023
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摘要
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为研制外观饱满的长储存期包装型乳化炸药产品，选取公司当前自然储存性能最好的包装型乳化炸药产品配方作为参考，在此配方基础上，通过试验不同种类乳化剂及乳化剂复配比例制得相应的乳胶基质，并采用物理敏化为主、化学敏化为辅的复合敏化工艺，制得相应的包装型乳化炸药。采用高低温循环试验与水溶值测试结合的方法评判各配方乳化炸药产品的储存稳定性。试验结果表明：高分子乳化剂LZ2832制备的乳化炸药稳定性能优于高分子乳化剂EPE-3002制备的乳化炸药，复合乳化剂中乳化剂Span80∶乳化剂LZ2832=1∶9含量配比时制备的乳化炸药稳定性能最好，可经受至少40个高低温循环试验，预计此配方包装型乳化炸药产品可自然存储24个月以上。炸药敏化采用基质质量1.2%的空心玻璃微球先进行物理敏化，降温到50~55 ℃时采用基质质量0.2%的促进剂2和基质质量0.3%的敏化剂再进行化学敏化，炸药敏化后效作用明显，最终密度控制在1.05~1.10 g/cm3。进行生产线上批量生产试验验证，验证结果与实验研究结果一致，成功研制出外观饱满富有弹性的长储存期包装型乳化炸药产品，其自然储存12个月时，炸药性能仍保持稳定，爆速4500 m/s以上，猛度16 mm以上，殉爆距离6 cm以上。

包装型乳化炸药  /  储存期  /  复合乳化剂  /  复合敏化

In order to develop a kind of packaged emulsion explosive with full appearance and long storage period, the formulation of the packaged emulsion explosive with the best natural storage performance was selected as the reference object. The corresponding emulsion matrix was prepared by testing different kinds and proportions of emulsifiers, and the corresponding packaged emulsion explosive was prepared by physical sensitization and chemical sensitization. The storage stability of each emulsion explosive was evaluated by means of high-low temperature cycle tests and water solubility tests. The results show that the stability of the emulsion explosive prepared by polymer emulsifier LZ2832 is better than that prepared by polymer emulsifier EPE-3002. Among the composite emulsifiers, the stability is best when the ratio of emulsifier Span80 to emulsifier LZ2832 is 1∶9, which can be subjected to at least 40 high-low temperature cyclic tests. It is expected that this packaged emulsion explosive product can be stored naturally for more than 24 months. In explosive sensitization, hollow glass microspheres with a matrix mass of 1.2% are first physically sensitized. In addition, accelerant #2 with 0.2% matrix mass and a sensitizer with 0.3% matrix mass are used for chemical sensitization when the temperature dropped to 50~55 ℃. The aftereffect of explosive sensitization is obvious, and the final density is controlled at 1.05 to 1.10 g/cm3. The results of batch production tests on the production line are consistent with the experimental results, and the full and elastic packaged emulsion explosive product with a long storage period has been successfully developed. The explosive has remained stable in natural storage for 12 months with the detonation velocity more than 4500 m/s, the brisance more than 16 mm, and the detonation distance more than 6 cm.

packaged emulsion explosive  /  storage period  /  compound emulsifier  /  compound sensitization
齐红雪. 外观饱满的长储存期包装型乳化炸药的研制. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (2) : 159 -164 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.023
Hong-xue QI. Development of Packaged Emulsion Explosive with Full Appearance and Long Storage Period[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (2) : 159 -164 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.023
正文
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乳化炸药作为一种工业重要的炸药，当前已广泛应用于各类爆破作业工程中，并表现出明显的优势，但是由于制备乳化炸药的乳状液是一种高内相比（>90%）、高密度、易析晶破乳且形态为粘稠状的热力学不稳定体系，故其稳定性问题一直是乳化炸药研究的重要课题[1,2]。乳化炸药稳定性的好坏，通常以自然储存期的长短来表示。影响乳化炸药储存稳定性的因素很多，如水相组分比例、添加剂、油相材料、乳化剂、敏化剂、生产工艺、设备等[3-9]，其中最重要的还是乳化剂的影响[8-11]。众多研究表明，选择适当的乳化剂种类、复合乳化剂配比可显著提高乳化炸药储存稳定性[8-11]。选取中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司当前包装型乳化炸药产品中储存稳定性最优的产品配方作为参照，在此基础上，对乳化剂种类和复合乳化剂配比进行研究试验，同时为了保证乳化炸药长期储存期间药卷外观保持饱满富有弹性，选择物理敏化为主、化学敏化为辅的复合敏化方式，得到储存性能最优的2个包装型乳化炸药产品配方，并进行生产线上生产试验验证，最终研制出一种外观饱满的长储存期包装型乳化炸药产品。
1 实验室研究试验
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1.1 乳胶基质配方设计
选取中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司当前包装型乳化炸药产品中储存稳定性最优的产品配方作为参照（即表1中样品1），保持水相配方、水油相配比、油相材料不变，在此基础上调整乳化剂种类和乳化剂复配比例进行乳胶基质配方研究，具体见表1。其中，乳化剂Span80具有较短的油溶结构，为低分子乳化剂，乳化剂EPE-3002为易普力公司自主研发的可用于静态制乳工艺的高分子乳化剂，乳化剂LZ2832为路博润公司生产的高分子乳化剂。
1.2 敏化配方设计
按照表1配方生产出各乳胶基质，实验室制备乳胶基质的主要生产工艺参数见表2。
为提高包装型乳化炸药储存稳定性，同时保证药卷长期储存后仍能保持外观饱满美观，乳化炸药敏化工艺选取物理敏化为主、化学敏化为辅的复合敏化方式。众多研究结果和实践经验表明：固体空心物质敏化的乳化炸药比化学发泡敏化的乳化炸药稳定性要好，封闭的空心玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药比敞口的珍珠岩敏化的乳化炸药稳定性要好[12]，因此乳化炸药敏化选用空心玻璃微球为主。为保证药卷长期储存后仍能保持外观饱满富有弹性，仅采用物理敏化的方式难以保证生产线上生产出的药卷满足要求，所以本次试验选择辅以化学敏化，利用化学敏化后效作用，使得乳化炸药在装成药卷后内部留有部分敏化剂进行缓慢发泡，保证药卷在长期储存过程中保持外观饱满[13]。
由于先进行化学敏化会后进行物理敏化的敏化顺序，导致后续的物理敏化会对已完成的化学敏化气泡产生巨大的破坏作用，本次试验敏化顺序选择先进行高温物理敏化，后进行化学敏化的方式，但这种敏化顺序仍不可避免物理敏化对化学敏化气泡的影响，综合考虑，首先确定空心玻璃微球加入量，研究试验见表3，考虑为后面化学敏化后效作用留有余量，初步确定空心玻璃微球加入量为基质质量1.2%；其次确定化学敏化方案，包括敏化温度和敏化配方，敏化剂选择20%亚硝酸钠水溶液，促进剂配方设计见表4，炸药敏化效果见表5。
从表5可看出，敏化温度比较高（60 ℃）时，敏化初期（0~30 min内）敏化速度过快，敏化剂消耗过多，导致后期敏化后效作用不足。促进剂中D剂的加入可以减缓化学敏化速度，但实际效果不显著。敏化温度降到55 ℃后，敏化初期的敏化速度明显降低，敏化后效作用凸显。但是敏化温度不可过低，温度变低后物理敏化后的乳化炸药黏度明显变高，导致后续化学敏化更难混合均匀，化学气泡生成难度增大，同时也不利于乳化炸药储存稳定性[14]。
通过研究确定最终敏化工艺：向生产出的热基质中加入基质质量1.2%的空心玻璃微球，混合均匀后，降温到50~55 ℃时再进行化学敏化，即依次加入基质质量0.2%的促进剂2，之后加入基质质量0.3%的敏化剂，混合均匀后装成ϕ 32药卷，药卷最终密度控制在1.05~1.10 g/cm3。
1.3 炸药性能测试
按照包装乳化炸药生产厂现执行检测方法检测上述制备出的包装型乳化炸药初始性能，检测结果见表6。
表6中各炸药样品初始爆速数据对比发现，各炸药样品初始性能均较好，其中乳化剂Span80含量高的炸药的爆速数值也相对较高，样品5的爆速数值最低。样品5初始爆速低可能是由于其配方中不含低分子乳化剂Span80，且仅使用单一乳化剂，大量试验和实践经验表明：乳化剂Span80可明显降低油、水界面张力，其制备的乳化炸药的乳胶粒子粒径更小，粒径越小的乳化炸药爆轰反应越充分。
由于本次选用的空心玻璃微球自身性能缘故，其敏化而成的乳化炸药不能承受高低温循环试验，快速的温度变化致使空心玻璃微球质量严重变差，进而导致由其制成的乳化炸药性能变差，高低温循环实验结果将不能很好地评价乳化炸药储存稳定性。鉴于上述原因，本次高低温循环试验样品选择仅进行化学敏化部分的乳化炸药。测试方法：将已进行化学敏化的各配方炸药样品分别装入ϕ 60 mm培养皿内，表面刮平后置于高低温循环箱内。设置高温50 ℃8 h，低温-30 ℃16 h，每10个循环测定样品加速水溶值。水溶值是一种比较直观的用于判断乳胶基质乳化效果的方法，数值越小表明乳胶基质破乳部分越少，即乳化效果越好，结合高低温循环测试结果，可用于评判乳胶基质稳定性。加速水溶值测定方法：将上述样品置于500 ml烧杯中，加入180 ml蒸馏水，50 ℃恒温水浴浸泡16 h后取出样品，用移液管移取烧杯内25 ml液体，加入5 ml中性甲醛后，摇匀，滴加1~2滴酚酞试剂，用0.0106 mol/L的NaOH溶液滴定至粉红，记录NaOH用量，采用下述公式计算水溶值
式中：0.08004为计算因子；C为NaOH标准溶液浓度；V为NaOH用量。计算样品水溶值，重复测2次，取平均值作为最终测试结果，具体见表7。
表7中各配方样品水溶值测试结果对比：样品1>样品2>样品5>样品3>样品4。水溶值数值越小，表明乳胶基质稳定性越好。通过对比结果分析，样品2稳定性优于样品1，说明高分子乳化剂LZ2832制备的乳化炸药储存稳定性能优于高分子乳化剂EPE-3002制备的乳化炸药，这个结果与实践经验一致。样品3和样品4的稳定性优于样品5，表明复合乳化剂制备的乳化炸药比单一乳化剂制备的乳化炸药稳定性要好，说明乳化剂Span80和乳化剂LZ2832可以协同作用，改善炸药储存稳定性[8,11]。通过调整乳化剂复配比例，乳化剂Span80∶乳化剂LZ2832=1∶9时即样品4的水溶值最低，样品4经过10、20、30、40个高低温循环试验后水溶值测试结果变化很小，特别是在前30个高低温循环试验后水溶值结果基本保持不变，表明样品4的稳定性能非常好，其自然储存期预计可达24个月以上。
2 生产线验证试验
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2.1 乳化炸药线上生产试验
通过表6和表7测试结果，选取样品3和样品4这两个稳定性能最好的乳胶基质配方进行线上生产试验，同时选取样品1作为性能参照。乳胶基质线上生产工艺按照包装乳化炸药生产厂样品1产品现执行的生产工艺操作进行生产线上试生产试验，该条炸药生产线采用的深圳市金奥博科技有限公司转让的静态制乳生产工艺技术，主要生产工艺参数见表8。
基质敏化工艺按照实验室选定的工艺参数生产，线上生产的炸药全部装成ϕ 32药卷，装箱后单独堆码。
2.2 自然储存试验结果与讨论
按照包装乳化炸药生产厂现执行检测方法，测定两天后各配方包装乳化炸药样品的初始性能，具体见表9。每1个月测定一次爆速、殉爆距离和猛度，同时观察包装箱内药卷状态，部分测试数据见表9和表10。
观察发现，各包装型乳化炸药样品在自然储存期内药卷状态保持饱满，富有弹性。各样品自然储存12个月爆炸性能测试结果对比：样品4的爆速、殉爆距离和猛度测试数值变化幅度最小，其自然储存稳定性优于样品3和样品1，其中样品1的自然储存稳定性最差，自然储存试验结论与高低温循环试验后水溶值测试结果保持一致。乳化剂Span80∶乳化剂LZ2832=1∶9时即样品4在自然储存12个月后炸药性能仍很优异，爆速可达4500 m/s以上，殉爆距离6 cm以上，猛度16 mm以上。
3 结论
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选取当前自然储存性能最好的包装型乳化炸药产品配方作为参考，在此配方基础上，通过试验不同乳化剂及复合乳化剂复配比例，并采用物理敏化为主、化学敏化为辅的复合敏化工艺，研制出一种外观饱满的长储存期包装型乳化炸药产品：
（1）乳化剂Span80∶乳化剂LZ2832=1∶9时，复合乳化剂制备的包装型乳化炸药储存稳定性最好。产品自然储存12个月时爆速仍保持4500 m/s以上，猛度16 mm以上，殉爆距离6 cm以上，预计可自然储存24个月以上。
（2）炸药敏化采用基质质量1.2%的空心玻璃微球先进行物理敏化，降温到50~55℃时采用基质质量0.2%的促进剂2和基质质量0.3%的敏化剂再进行化学敏化，此复合敏化后的炸药敏化后效作用明显，包装型乳化炸药药卷外观长期保持饱满、富有弹性。
文献
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2023年第40卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.023
  • 接收时间：2023-01-31
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2023-06-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-01-31
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    中国葛洲坝集团 易普力股份有限公司，重庆 400023
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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