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Article(id=1241089938607886999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1674835200000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773828499699, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1685548800000, pubDateStr=2023-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773828499699, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773828499699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828499699, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241089933696364783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2023', volume='40', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='229', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773828498529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773828588505, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241090311141782021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241089933696364783, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=132, endPage=137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241089938817602211, articleId=1241089938607886999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Research on Application Technology of Large Aperture in Bridge Blasting and Demolition Engineering, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the blasting demolition of large-volume reinforced concrete bridges in China, the traditional method of manual drilling of 40 mm small-diameter holes for blasting of bridge pier columns is time-consuming, labor-intensive, difficult to ensure drilling accuracy, and has high construction costs. Based on the experience of previous studies, a new method of large-diameter drilling for bridge demolition has been proposed, which includes technical measures for blast hole diameter, hole layout, powder factor, initiation network, and safety protection. To verify the effectiveness of this new method, the blasting demolition project of Ronghui 2 bridge of Chongqing Lijiatuo compound line bridge south diversion project was selected. According to the structural loading of the bridge and the environmental conditions, delayed initiation technology was used, and explosives were detonated at a certain height above the bridge pier, which led to the bridge sequentially collapsing in place from the center to both ends, achieving the goal of one-time completion of the demolition. In this method, water-mill drilling was used to dig holes into the bridge piers, with a hole diameter of 70 mm and crosswise drilling layout, and nonel millisecond delay detonators were used inside the holes, while electronic detonators were used outside for ignition. Multiple layers of protection were provided by bamboo boards, rubber mats and flexible wire mesh. After ignition, the blasting sound was muffled, and the bridge completely collapsed and disintegrated according to the design requirements, while the impact of flying rocks, blasting vibrations, collapse ground vibrations, and explosion shock waves were all controlled within the allowable range.

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国内桥梁等大体积钢筋混凝土爆破拆除中，桥墩柱一般都采用ϕ 40 mm小孔径人工钻孔爆破作业方法，这种方法人工钻孔时间长、工作量大、钻孔精度难于保证、施工成本高等缺点。在总结前人经验的基础上，提出了大孔径在桥梁爆破拆除方法，总结了炮孔直径、布孔方式、炸药单耗、起爆网路、安全防护等技术措施。最后结合了重庆李家沱复线桥南引道工程融汇2桥爆破拆除工程实际验证。根据大桥结构的受力情况，结合环境条件，采用对地面以上桥墩柱一定高度、墩柱联系梁实施爆破，使用延时起爆控制技术，使大桥由中间往两端顺序原地逐跨坍塌，一次完成大桥爆破拆除的施工方案。桥梁墩柱采取用水磨掏心钻钻孔，炮孔直径70 mm，十字交叉钻孔方式，孔内采用非电毫秒延时雷管，孔外用电子数码雷管连接起爆，竹跳板、胶皮加柔性密网多层防护。起爆后炸声沉闷，桥梁按设计要求原地坍塌解体彻底，个别飞石、爆破振动、塌落触地振动、爆炸冲击波都控制在安全允许范围以内。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘桂勇（1983-），男，工程硕士，爆炸防控技术副高级工程师，民爆物品安全监管，（E-mail）。
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李兵（1966-），男，学士，爆炸防控技术正高级工程师，（E-mail）。

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李兵（1966-），男，学士，爆炸防控技术正高级工程师，（E-mail）。

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李兵（1966-），男，学士，爆炸防控技术正高级工程师，（E-mail）。

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Keyword(id=1241089947046826091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=大孔径), Keyword(id=1241089947176849526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=爆破参数), Keyword(id=1241089947281707143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=飞石防护)], refs=[Reference(id=1241089951366959464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=25, issue=3, pageStart=71, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=程康, 孙亚飞, 李潮雄, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程康, 孙亚飞, 李潮雄, 等. 复杂环境下钢筋混凝土双曲拱桥爆破拆除[J]. 爆破, 2008, 25(3): 71-73., articleTitle=复杂环境下钢筋混凝土双曲拱桥爆破拆除, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089951467622766, 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Discussion on the application of large aperture charging technology in blasting of high-rise buildings[J]. Blasting, 2011, 27(3): 51-53. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Discussion on the application of large aperture charging technology in blasting of high-rise buildings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089952713331137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=48, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=司士营, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=司士营. 大孔径爆破拆除复杂结构石灰窑应用实践[J]. 爆破, 2012, 28(1): 48-51., articleTitle=大孔径爆破拆除复杂结构石灰窑应用实践, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089952797217224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=48, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=SI Shi-ying, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SI Shi-ying. Application practice of large-bore blasting and demolition of lime kilns with complex structure[J]. Blasting, 2012, 28(1): 48-51. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Application practice of large-bore blasting and demolition of lime kilns with complex structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089952918852048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=107, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=王姚姚, 汪海波, 程兵, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王姚姚, 汪海波, 程兵. 巷道掘进药卷与钻孔直径匹配关系对爆破破裂范围的影响[J]. 爆破, 2022, 39(12): 107-111., articleTitle=巷道掘进药卷与钻孔直径匹配关系对爆破破裂范围的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089953019515352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=107, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG Yao-yao, WANG Hai-bo, CHENG Bing, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yao-yao, WANG Hai-bo, CHENG Bing. Effect of the matching relationship between roadway boring rolls and borehole diameter on blasting fracture range[J]. Blasting, 2022, 39(12): 107-111. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of the matching relationship between roadway boring rolls and borehole diameter on blasting fracture range, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089953107595745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=8, pageStart=260, pageEnd=269, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=李芳涛, 胡志平, 陈南南, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李芳涛, 胡志平, 陈南南. 爆破荷载作用下隧道围岩裂隙范围计算方法研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(8): 260-269., articleTitle=爆破荷载作用下隧道围岩裂隙范围计算方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241089953241813478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=8, pageStart=260, pageEnd=269, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LI Fang-tao, HU Zhi-ping, CHEN Nan-nan, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Fang-tao, HU Zhi-ping, CHEN Nan-nan. Study on calculation method of fracture range of tunnel surrounding rock under blasting load[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2022, 41(8): 260-269. 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journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Surrounding environment investigation in blasting area

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被保护物爆破区域水平距离/m爆破区域垂直距离/m备注
位置名称结构类型
东侧晨曦花园小区框架剪力墙142/东南侧
东方雅园小区框架剪力墙110/
南侧在建轨道18号线钢混34/ 
花溪大桥钢混44/
在建污水处理厂框架剪力墙2525
西侧融汇半岛2期小区框架剪力墙325/西南侧
搪瓷厂砖砌115/西南侧
污水处理厂办公楼钢混5020 
加油站钢混320/ 
养老院框架剪力墙260/ 
李家沱大桥钢混220/东北侧
冰巴水世界钢结构340/ 
), ArticleFig(id=1241089950645539128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

爆破区域周边环境调查统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
被保护物爆破区域水平距离/m爆破区域垂直距离/m备注
位置名称结构类型
东侧晨曦花园小区框架剪力墙142/东南侧
东方雅园小区框架剪力墙110/
南侧在建轨道18号线钢混34/ 
花溪大桥钢混44/
在建污水处理厂框架剪力墙2525
西侧融汇半岛2期小区框架剪力墙325/西南侧
搪瓷厂砖砌115/西南侧
污水处理厂办公楼钢混5020 
加油站钢混320/ 
养老院框架剪力墙260/ 
李家沱大桥钢混220/东北侧
冰巴水世界钢结构340/ 
), ArticleFig(id=1241089950721036609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of ground height and blasting height for pier column

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墩柱1#2#3#4#5#6#7#9#10#
高度/m14142225324032196
炸高/m12121218181812124
数量/根222222213
直径/m1.51.8222.52.52.52.21.2
单柱孔数/个20202030303020206
小计孔数/个404040606060402018
小计药量/kg52.87694141220.2220.2146.856.815.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241089950880420169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

墩柱地面高度、炸高参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
墩柱1#2#3#4#5#6#7#9#10#
高度/m14142225324032196
炸高/m12121218181812124
数量/根222222213
直径/m1.51.8222.52.52.52.21.2
单柱孔数/个20202030303020206
小计孔数/个404040606060402018
小计药量/kg52.87694141220.2220.2146.856.815.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241089951006249297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Summary table of blasting parameters for pier column

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 钻孔直径/mm孔间距/m孔深/m炸药单耗/（kg·m-3）单孔药量/kg装药长度/m填塞长度/m单柱孔数/个总孔数/个小计药量/kg
ϕ 1.2 m墩柱700.50.741.50.850.270.4761815.3
ϕ 1.5 m墩柱700.50.961.51.320.420.54204052.8
ϕ 1.8 m墩柱700.51.201.51.900.610.602080152.0
ϕ 2 m墩柱700.51.371.52.350.750.6320/30100235.0
ϕ 2.2 m墩柱700.51.551.52.840.910.65202056.8
ϕ 2.5 m墩柱700.51.831.53.671.170.6620/30160587.2
总计药量：1099.1 kg 孔数：418个1099.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241089951194992988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241089938607886999, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

墩柱爆破参数汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 钻孔直径/mm孔间距/m孔深/m炸药单耗/（kg·m-3）单孔药量/kg装药长度/m填塞长度/m单柱孔数/个总孔数/个小计药量/kg
ϕ 1.2 m墩柱700.50.741.50.850.270.4761815.3
ϕ 1.5 m墩柱700.50.961.51.320.420.54204052.8
ϕ 1.8 m墩柱700.51.201.51.900.610.602080152.0
ϕ 2 m墩柱700.51.371.52.350.750.6320/30100235.0
ϕ 2.2 m墩柱700.51.551.52.840.910.65202056.8
ϕ 2.5 m墩柱700.51.831.53.671.170.6620/30160587.2
总计药量：1099.1 kg 孔数：418个1099.1
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大孔径在桥梁爆破拆除工程中的应用技术研究
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李兵 1 , 刘桂勇 1 , 徐进 2
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023,40(2): 132-137
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2023, 40(2): 132-137
大孔径在桥梁爆破拆除工程中的应用技术研究
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李兵1 , 刘桂勇1 , 徐进2
作者信息
  • 1.重庆市公安局，重庆 400023
  • 2.重庆市宏晟泽建筑工程有限公司，重庆 401147

    • 李兵（1966-），男，学士，爆炸防控技术正高级工程师，（E-mail）。

通讯作者:

刘桂勇（1983-），男，工程硕士，爆炸防控技术副高级工程师，民爆物品安全监管，（E-mail）。
Research on Application Technology of Large Aperture in Bridge Blasting and Demolition Engineering
Bing LI1 , Gui-yong LIU1 , Jin XU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Chongqing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Chongqing 400023, China
  • 2.Chongqing Hongshengze Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401147, China
出版时间: 2023-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.019
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摘要
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国内桥梁等大体积钢筋混凝土爆破拆除中，桥墩柱一般都采用ϕ 40 mm小孔径人工钻孔爆破作业方法，这种方法人工钻孔时间长、工作量大、钻孔精度难于保证、施工成本高等缺点。在总结前人经验的基础上，提出了大孔径在桥梁爆破拆除方法，总结了炮孔直径、布孔方式、炸药单耗、起爆网路、安全防护等技术措施。最后结合了重庆李家沱复线桥南引道工程融汇2桥爆破拆除工程实际验证。根据大桥结构的受力情况，结合环境条件，采用对地面以上桥墩柱一定高度、墩柱联系梁实施爆破，使用延时起爆控制技术，使大桥由中间往两端顺序原地逐跨坍塌，一次完成大桥爆破拆除的施工方案。桥梁墩柱采取用水磨掏心钻钻孔，炮孔直径70 mm，十字交叉钻孔方式，孔内采用非电毫秒延时雷管，孔外用电子数码雷管连接起爆，竹跳板、胶皮加柔性密网多层防护。起爆后炸声沉闷，桥梁按设计要求原地坍塌解体彻底，个别飞石、爆破振动、塌落触地振动、爆炸冲击波都控制在安全允许范围以内。

桥梁爆破拆除  /  大孔径  /  爆破参数  /  飞石防护

In the blasting demolition of large-volume reinforced concrete bridges in China, the traditional method of manual drilling of 40 mm small-diameter holes for blasting of bridge pier columns is time-consuming, labor-intensive, difficult to ensure drilling accuracy, and has high construction costs. Based on the experience of previous studies, a new method of large-diameter drilling for bridge demolition has been proposed, which includes technical measures for blast hole diameter, hole layout, powder factor, initiation network, and safety protection. To verify the effectiveness of this new method, the blasting demolition project of Ronghui 2 bridge of Chongqing Lijiatuo compound line bridge south diversion project was selected. According to the structural loading of the bridge and the environmental conditions, delayed initiation technology was used, and explosives were detonated at a certain height above the bridge pier, which led to the bridge sequentially collapsing in place from the center to both ends, achieving the goal of one-time completion of the demolition. In this method, water-mill drilling was used to dig holes into the bridge piers, with a hole diameter of 70 mm and crosswise drilling layout, and nonel millisecond delay detonators were used inside the holes, while electronic detonators were used outside for ignition. Multiple layers of protection were provided by bamboo boards, rubber mats and flexible wire mesh. After ignition, the blasting sound was muffled, and the bridge completely collapsed and disintegrated according to the design requirements, while the impact of flying rocks, blasting vibrations, collapse ground vibrations, and explosion shock waves were all controlled within the allowable range.

bridge blasting demolition  /  large hole diameter  /  blast parameters  /  flying rock protection
李兵, 刘桂勇, 徐进. 大孔径在桥梁爆破拆除工程中的应用技术研究. 爆破, 2023 , 40 (2) : 132 -137 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.019
Bing LI, Gui-yong LIU, Jin XU. Research on Application Technology of Large Aperture in Bridge Blasting and Demolition Engineering[J]. Blasting, 2023 , 40 (2) : 132 -137 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.019
正文
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随着城市化加速发展，城市桥梁爆破拆除日益增多。目前，在国内桥梁爆破拆除中[1-3]，桥墩柱一般都采用ϕ 40 mm小孔径人工钻孔爆破作业方法。这种钻孔方式具有药包分散、爆破粒径小、爆破振动和飞石容易控制等优点；缺点是人工钻孔时间长、工作量大、钻孔精度难于保证、施工成本高等。近年来部分爆破工作者采用大孔径控制爆破技术来拆除这种大体积基础桥梁和高耸建筑物进行了大量工程实践，取得了一定的成绩。文献[4，5]应用大直径炮孔控制爆破技术成功拆除大体积基础桥梁；文献[6，7]应用大直径炮孔爆破成功拆除了大体积石灰窑、高耸建筑物。上述实例说明大孔径爆破技术拆除这种大体积基础桥梁、高耸建筑物具有一定的优势，它具有钻孔量少、炮孔利用率高，起爆雷管数量小、网路连接简单等优点；唯一的不利因素就是单孔药量较大，对于飞石、振动控制不利。虽然大直径炮孔拆除大体积高耸建筑物有了一定成功，但缺乏系统性和规范性。在借鉴前人的成功经验，分析归纳总结出大孔径炮孔控制爆破拆除大体积建筑物工法。
1 参数取值分析
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1.1 炮孔直径
大孔径控制爆破拆除建筑物的关键之一就是炮孔的直径参数选定，它涉及炮孔药量、间排距及装药结构的调整。目前大孔径控制炮孔成功工程主要有50 mm、70 mm、79 mm、90 mm、100 mm等，根据固体介质钻孔爆破炮孔压力及爆破破碎理论，假定在常规耦合装药、最小抵抗线2.0~2.5 m条件下，根据文献[8，9]，以及公式1、2参数推算炮孔直径70~90 mm最佳。
式中：ρ0为装药密度，kg/m3；P为距药包的距离为r处的冲击波压力，MPa；P0为冲击波初始的波峰压力，MPa；r为距药包的距离，m；r0为药包的半径，m；α为爆炸应力波衰减指数。
1.2 炮孔布置
大体积固体介质基础高耸建筑物主要为：圆柱形立柱、方形立柱、长方形立柱、马蹄形立柱。现把圆柱形、马蹄形两种典型立柱炮孔布置归纳如下：
（1）圆柱形立柱
圆柱形立柱四周抵抗线均匀，炮孔关键是控制炮孔深度、炮孔间距即可，炮孔深度、间距见公式（3）、（4）所示
式中：L为炮孔深度，m；B为炮孔间距，m；D为立柱直径，m。
炮孔按垂直交叉布孔，见图1所示。
（2）马蹄形立柱
马蹄形立柱炮孔布置以立柱短边中间平行长边为准，炮孔深度底部距边缘大于1/2短边宽度，炮孔布置见图2所示。
1.3 炸药单耗及装药结构
对于这种大体积基础高耸建筑物结构一般都是素混凝土或者浆砌块石结构，少量属于钢筋混凝土结构，爆破炸药单耗不宜过大也不能过小，素混凝土建议取值K=0.8~1.0 kg/m3之间，钢筋混凝土建议取值K=1.0~1.5 kg/m3之间。
装药结构对于马蹄形立柱建议采用连续装药加导爆索，见图3所示。
2 工程应用分析
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2.1 工程概况
2.1.1 工程概述
李家沱复线桥南引道工程融汇2桥位于重庆市巴南区李家沱花溪大桥旁。融汇2桥全长364 m，桥面宽13.5 m，大桥分为车行道与人行道，车行道9 m（双向单车道），人行道4.5 m，融汇2桥是市政道路连接融汇半岛住宅小区支线大桥。根据重庆市巴南区李家沱复线桥南引道工程建设规划，需要对融汇2桥实施爆破拆除。融汇2桥地理位置现状见图4所示。
2.1.2 工程结构
融汇2桥采用预应力现浇连续梁结构设计。大桥上部结构是预应力混凝土箱梁，大桥下部是双柱式桥墩，桩基础结构，双柱之间设置有部分联系梁；桥台为U型重力式桥台，扩大基础；在桥台及部分墩处设有7条伸缩缝。桥墩柱直径：分别为1.2 m、1.5 m、1.8 m、2.0 m、2.2 m、2.5 m六种结构形式，墩柱为混凝土成C40。典型立柱ϕ 1.8 m配筋：内设45根ϕ 28 mm，间距150 mm；墩柱箍筋为ϕ 10 mm钢筋，间距20 cm，螺旋缠绕于竖向钢筋的外侧，于竖向钢筋的内侧设加强筋箍筋为ϕ 16 mm钢筋，间距2.0 m。
2.1.3 工程周边环境
李家沱复线桥南引道工程融汇2桥具体周边环境情况见图5、表1。
2.2 爆破总体方案
由于大桥拆除工期紧强度高，在结构上属于钢筋混凝土圆形立柱结构。因此，在拆除方案上采用大孔径原地坍塌爆破拆除方法。
2.3 参数设计
该桥爆破主要部位是对大桥桥墩柱进行爆破拆除。桥墩柱高度分别为6~43 m（地面以上高度），桥墩柱直径：1.2 m、1.5 m、1.8 m、2.0 m、2.2 m、2.5 m六种结构形式。桥梁爆破拆除设计采用的是原地逐垮坍塌方式，采取的钻孔方式是自桥墩柱底部1 m以上区域进行水平钻孔，自下而上水平方向呈90°角交错布孔，对桥墩柱整体实施爆破拆除。相对应的爆破技术参数见表1、表2所示。
（1）爆破高度：见表1，对1~10#地面以上墩柱部分爆破拆除。
（2）钻孔直径ϕ：选用ϕ 70 mm钻孔直径，采用十字交叉钻孔方式，从而提高钻孔精度。
（3）钻孔深度L：钻孔深度需穿过墩柱中心点，同时确保药柱中心点与圆心重合，保证药量沿圆心对称分布。
（4）最小抵抗线w：W=R（式中，R为半径）
(5）钻孔间距a
(6）布孔形式：由于爆破构件直径大，强度高，为保证构件均匀破碎，爆破能量需要尽可能平均分布。因此，布孔形式在平面上穿过构件圆心且呈90°角水平交差，在空间上上下孔平行布置。
（7）炸药单耗q：为保证墩柱爆破后混凝土完全脱笼，根据理论计算和类似工程施工经验，炸药单耗按照1.3~1.5 kg/m3计算。
（8）单孔药量Q：按照Q=q×v计算，（式中：V为每个炮孔负担的体积）
（9）装药结构：药柱沿圆心对称分布，布置在构件中间位置。同时由于采用70 mm较大孔径，普通炸药直径为32 mm、60 mm，选用60 mm药柱进行装药。见表3。
2.4 爆破网路设计
（1）大桥起爆顺序及延期时间
按照大桥爆破拆除总体方案，从中央向两端起爆（5号墩最先起爆），同一个桥墩采用同段别的雷管，两相邻桥墩采用延时起爆，桥墩与桥墩之间间隔两个段位。孔内具体延期时间分别为：5号墩柱MS2段（25 ms），4、6号墩柱MS5段（110 ms），3、7号墩柱MS7段（200 ms），2、8号墩柱MS9段（310 ms），1、9、11号墩柱MS11段（460 ms）；桥面系4~5跨MS2段（25 ms），3~4跨MS5段（110 ms），2~3跨MS7段（200 ms）。
爆破网路：使用导爆管雷管、电子数码雷管组成的起爆网路。大桥墩柱、联系梁炮孔内，每孔安装两枚导爆管延时雷管，箱梁炮孔内每孔安装1枚导爆管延时雷管，均采取孔内延时的方式，孔外采用两枚MS1段导爆管雷管簇联（一把抓）连接形式，只抓一次，一把抓每次不超过12枚导爆管雷管，最后用电子数码雷管进行连接。
桥面与桥下分别平行连接，在起爆点汇合，电子数码雷管专用起爆器起爆。
为了保证网路的准确性，正式起爆前需要做爆破起爆网路试验。
3 爆破飞石防护
收起
由于本项目大桥墩柱炮孔方向均选择避开了建构筑物，采取的是主动防护和被动防护相结合，近体防护和远程防护相配合的防护策略；重点加强炮孔堵塞和对炮孔周边爆破体的多层防护，对墩柱爆破装药位置，采用竹条板、棕垫、钢丝网用铁丝扎紧，桥墩柱距保护物方向一侧用砂袋堆部分防护墙；临污水处理厂两侧，搭设钢管脚手架，用双层竹笆加柔性防护网及棕垫等链接成防护屏障遮挡；炮孔堵塞：装填炸药前先吹出炮孔内的泥水，精心选择与制作加工炮泥，保证堵塞长度和堵塞质量，本项目爆破飞石距离实际控制在50 m内，远小于90 m计算值，满足安全要求。为保证绝对安全，安全警戒距离设置建议：在大桥两侧（爆破方向）设定为500 m，桥头两端200~300 m。
为防止爆破飞石过度飞散，对墩柱爆破装药位置，采用竹条板双层，然后用多层柔性防护网对桥墩柱进行包裹，桥墩柱距保护物方向一侧底部用砂袋或泥土堆一定高度防护墙，见图6所示；临污水处理厂、污水处理厂在建工地两侧，苗圃一侧采取用双层竹条板、胶皮、加多层柔性防护网等连接成防护屏障遮挡。
4 结果分析
收起
4.1 爆破结果
通过爆破过程视频资料、爆后检查、第三方检测机构提供的检测报告，爆破时正向和侧向飞石均控制在30 m内；爆破引起的周边建筑物质点峰值振动速度、塌落触地振动峰值速度小于1.0 cm/s；爆炸冲击波及其有害效应控制在设计范围内；爆破块度满足机械挖运要求。爆破对晨曦花园小区、污水处理厂、在建十八号轻轨线、李家坨大桥、花溪大桥、加油站、养老中心、地下管网等周围建（构）筑物造成任何影响；李家沱复线桥南引道工程融汇2桥被成功拆除，达到了预期爆破效果，爆破作业工期满足建设单位要求，保证了社会安全稳定，经济和社会效益良好，爆破效果见图7所示。
4.2 结果综合分析
李家沱复线桥南引道工程融汇2桥爆破工程结果综合分析如下：
（1）采取70 mm的大孔径炮孔，十字交叉钻孔方式，减少了钻孔数量，降低了钻孔难度，大幅度提高了钻孔效率，钻孔时间减少了40%，降低了高空作业风险。
（2）采用70 mm的大孔径炮孔，从钻孔至起爆共用30 d时间，与采取42 mm的小孔径炮孔相比较，工期提前了12 d。
（3）采用70 mm大孔径炮孔，桥墩共用雷管418发，岩石乳化炸药1099.1 kg，与采取42 mm的小孔径炮孔相比较，节省雷管数量50%，网路连接简单，准爆率100%。
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2023年第40卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2023.02.019
  • 接收时间：2023-01-28
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2023-06-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-01-28
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    1.重庆市公安局，重庆 400023
    2.重庆市宏晟泽建筑工程有限公司，重庆 401147

通讯作者:

刘桂勇（1983-），男，工程硕士，爆炸防控技术副高级工程师，民爆物品安全监管，（E-mail）。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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