Article(id=1241046469273252233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713110400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818135803, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1747670400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818135803, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818135803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818135803, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241046461174043350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818133871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820872662, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=37, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241046470145667487, articleId=1241046469273252233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Fracture Toughness and Crack Propagation Characteristics of Slate under Dynamic Loading, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the fracture toughness of natural slate under dynamic loading, dynamic impact tests were conducted on notched semi-circular bending slate specimens by a 50 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar testing system and the crack growth process was recorded by the high-speed cameras. Furthermore, the dynamic fracture toughness and crack propagation rate of slate under different impact pressure and prefabricated crack lengths were studied. The results show that the dynamic fracture toughness of the specimen is positively correlated with the impact pressure and loading rate, and the dynamic fracture toughness first increases and then decreases with the rise of the prefabricated crack length. According to the fitting results, the dynamic fracture toughness of the specimen reaches the maximum value when the prefab crack length is 7.45 mm. The maximum values of dynamic fracture toughness at 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 MPa were 2.99, 3.57 and 4.14 GPa·m1/2, respectively. The failure process of the specimen can be divided into five stages: dynamic damage, crack propagation, crack formation, crack propagation, and specimen fracture. The propagation speed of the main crack of the specimen greatly fluctuates, while the prefabricated crack length has little effect on the propagation velocity of the specimen. The study revealed the differences in dynamic fracture behavior of slate specimens under different working conditions.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG Hai-bo(1983-), male, Ph. D, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in research on blasting theory and technology, as well as impact dynamics, (E-mail) .
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为探究动载作用下天然板岩的断裂韧度,论文采用板岩制作直切槽半圆盘弯曲试样(NSCB),利用直径50 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验系统进行了动态冲击试验,同时使用高速摄像机记录了其裂纹扩展过程,研究了不同冲击气压和预制裂纹长度下板岩的动态断裂韧度及裂纹扩展速度。结果表明:试件的动态断裂韧度与冲击气压和加载率呈现正相关,而随着预制裂纹长度的增加动态断裂韧度先增加后减小,根据拟合结果,当预制裂纹长度为7.45 mm时试件的动态断裂韧度达到最大值,0.2、0.3和0.4 MPa三种冲击气压下对应的动态断裂韧度最大值分别为2.99、3.57和4.14 GPa·m1/2;试件的破坏过程可以分为动态损伤、裂纹孕育、裂纹形成、裂纹扩展和试件断裂五个阶段;试件主裂纹的扩展速度波动较大,而预制裂纹长度对试件裂纹扩展速度的影响较小。研究揭示了不同工况下板岩试件动态断裂行为的差异,对该类岩性地下工程支护、爆破参数设计具有一定的参考意义。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
汪海波(1983-),男,博士、教授,主要从事爆破理论与技术、冲击动力学方面的研究,(E-mail)
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张建国(1968-),男,学士、教授级高级工程师,主要从事隧道施工管理工作,(E-mail)

ZHANG Jian-guo (1968-), male, bachelor, professor of engineering, mainly engaged in tunnel construction management work, (E-mail) .

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张建国(1968-),男,学士、教授级高级工程师,主要从事隧道施工管理工作,(E-mail)

ZHANG Jian-guo (1968-), male, bachelor, professor of engineering, mainly engaged in tunnel construction management work, (E-mail) .

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张建国(1968-),男,学士、教授级高级工程师,主要从事隧道施工管理工作,(E-mail)

ZHANG Jian-guo (1968-), male, bachelor, professor of engineering, mainly engaged in tunnel construction management work, (E-mail) .

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articleId=1241046469273252233, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同试件最终破坏形态, figureFileSmall=WW6WZHxhIZP3ENSA3IvXZQ==, figureFileBig=TwWDjKy596qkhbgzW+zpIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057560686547394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046469273252233, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=The crack propagation speed of specimens with different prefabricated crack lengths under different impact pressures, figureFileSmall=O7zwTXSF19szawqgKaww/A==, figureFileBig=5TgBuheJLz+Ck3+OM5MJ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057560753656262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046469273252233, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同冲击气压下不同预制裂纹长度试件的裂纹扩展速度, figureFileSmall=O7zwTXSF19szawqgKaww/A==, figureFileBig=5TgBuheJLz+Ck3+OM5MJ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057560824959435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046469273252233, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Calculation results of fracture toughness and loading rate of specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号冲击气压/MPa预制裂纹长度/mm加载率/(GPa·m1/2·s-1)动态断裂韧度/(MPa·m1/2)
N-10.2516.030.74
N-20.2752.013.01
N-30.2935.012.35
N-40.3534.971.45
N-50.3781.953.50
N-60.3938.942.38
N-70.4542.432.10
N-80.47100.423.94
N-90.4963.183.55
), ArticleFig(id=1241057560892068302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046469273252233, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件断裂韧度及加载率计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号冲击气压/MPa预制裂纹长度/mm加载率/(GPa·m1/2·s-1)动态断裂韧度/(MPa·m1/2)
N-10.2516.030.74
N-20.2752.013.01
N-30.2935.012.35
N-40.3534.971.45
N-50.3781.953.50
N-60.3938.942.38
N-70.4542.432.10
N-80.47100.423.94
N-90.4963.183.55
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动载作用板岩断裂韧度与裂纹扩展特征试验研究
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张建国 1 , 杨文 1 , 汪海波 2 , 拜晓亮 1 , 张翌炜 1 , 樊永强 1 , 邢永杨 2 , 杨永斌 1 , 杨波 1 , 闫高文 1 , 薛文飞 1 , 段聪 1 , 刘振江 1
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2025,42(1): 37-43
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2025, 42(1): 37-43
动载作用板岩断裂韧度与裂纹扩展特征试验研究
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张建国1 , 杨文1, 汪海波2 , 拜晓亮1, 张翌炜1, 樊永强1, 邢永杨2, 杨永斌1, 杨波1, 闫高文1, 薛文飞1, 段聪1, 刘振江1
作者信息
  • 1.中交第二公路工程局有限公司,西安 710000
  • 2.安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,淮南 232001
  • 张建国(1968-),男,学士、教授级高级工程师,主要从事隧道施工管理工作,(E-mail)

    ZHANG Jian-guo (1968-), male, bachelor, professor of engineering, mainly engaged in tunnel construction management work, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

汪海波(1983-),男,博士、教授,主要从事爆破理论与技术、冲击动力学方面的研究,(E-mail)
Experimental Study on Fracture Toughness and Crack Propagation Characteristics of Slate under Dynamic Loading
Jian-guo ZHANG1 , Wen YANG1, Hai-bo WANG2 , Xiao-liang BAI1, Yi-wei ZHANG1, Yong-qiang FAN1, Yong-yang XING2, Yong-bin YANG1, Bo YANG1, Gao-wen YAN1, Wen-fei XUE1, Cong DUAN1, Zhen-jiang LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1.China Communications Second Highway Engineering Bureau Limited Company, Xi'an 710000, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.005
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为探究动载作用下天然板岩的断裂韧度,论文采用板岩制作直切槽半圆盘弯曲试样(NSCB),利用直径50 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验系统进行了动态冲击试验,同时使用高速摄像机记录了其裂纹扩展过程,研究了不同冲击气压和预制裂纹长度下板岩的动态断裂韧度及裂纹扩展速度。结果表明:试件的动态断裂韧度与冲击气压和加载率呈现正相关,而随着预制裂纹长度的增加动态断裂韧度先增加后减小,根据拟合结果,当预制裂纹长度为7.45 mm时试件的动态断裂韧度达到最大值,0.2、0.3和0.4 MPa三种冲击气压下对应的动态断裂韧度最大值分别为2.99、3.57和4.14 GPa·m1/2;试件的破坏过程可以分为动态损伤、裂纹孕育、裂纹形成、裂纹扩展和试件断裂五个阶段;试件主裂纹的扩展速度波动较大,而预制裂纹长度对试件裂纹扩展速度的影响较小。研究揭示了不同工况下板岩试件动态断裂行为的差异,对该类岩性地下工程支护、爆破参数设计具有一定的参考意义。

板岩  /  NSCB  /  SHPB  /  预制裂纹  /  动态断裂韧度

To investigate the fracture toughness of natural slate under dynamic loading, dynamic impact tests were conducted on notched semi-circular bending slate specimens by a 50 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar testing system and the crack growth process was recorded by the high-speed cameras. Furthermore, the dynamic fracture toughness and crack propagation rate of slate under different impact pressure and prefabricated crack lengths were studied. The results show that the dynamic fracture toughness of the specimen is positively correlated with the impact pressure and loading rate, and the dynamic fracture toughness first increases and then decreases with the rise of the prefabricated crack length. According to the fitting results, the dynamic fracture toughness of the specimen reaches the maximum value when the prefab crack length is 7.45 mm. The maximum values of dynamic fracture toughness at 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 MPa were 2.99, 3.57 and 4.14 GPa·m1/2, respectively. The failure process of the specimen can be divided into five stages: dynamic damage, crack propagation, crack formation, crack propagation, and specimen fracture. The propagation speed of the main crack of the specimen greatly fluctuates, while the prefabricated crack length has little effect on the propagation velocity of the specimen. The study revealed the differences in dynamic fracture behavior of slate specimens under different working conditions.

slate  /  NSCB  /  SHPB  /  prefabricated crack  /  dynamic fracture toughness
张建国, 杨文, 汪海波, 拜晓亮, 张翌炜, 樊永强, 邢永杨, 杨永斌, 杨波, 闫高文, 薛文飞, 段聪, 刘振江. 动载作用板岩断裂韧度与裂纹扩展特征试验研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (1) : 37 -43 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.005
Jian-guo ZHANG, Wen YANG, Hai-bo WANG, Xiao-liang BAI, Yi-wei ZHANG, Yong-qiang FAN, Yong-yang XING, Yong-bin YANG, Bo YANG, Gao-wen YAN, Wen-fei XUE, Cong DUAN, Zhen-jiang LIU. Experimental Study on Fracture Toughness and Crack Propagation Characteristics of Slate under Dynamic Loading[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (1) : 37 -43 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.005
岩石在自然状态下,受到物理、化学、生物等风化作用的影响,使得岩体中产生了很多的节理、层理及微裂隙等[1]。含裂隙的岩体在施工过程中易受到机械振动、爆破开挖等动荷载的影响,造成进一步的损伤破裂。因此,研究裂隙岩体在冲击荷载下的动力学特性,可为围岩保护、爆破计划优化和支护参数调整等提供基础。
国内外学者对层状复合岩体、节理充填岩体和单一岩体的破裂进行了大量研究,岩体的节理对岩石中裂纹的扩展和起裂都会产生显著的影响[2-5]。李杨等利用三种岩石制作6种不同组合方式的层状复合岩石并制成NSCB试件[6],探究不同复合岩石试件的动能及断裂能关系。赵洪宝等采用SHPB试验系统和数字图像相关系统(DIC)[7],对煤-岩、岩-煤两种组合方式下的复合岩体进行不同应变率下的冲击试验,综合分析两种复合岩体的应力波传播及破坏模式,建立考虑复合煤-岩特性的本构模型。Zou等利用SHPB试验系统[8],对含夹层的大理石试件进行了冲击试验,并研究了夹层倾角对大理石抗压强度的影响。岳中文等利用有机玻璃和环氧树脂两种材料进行动态焦散线三点弯冲击试验[9],研究了层理面与裂纹扩展行为的关系。杨仁树等采用红、灰两种砂岩制成的层状复合岩体试样[10],利用SHPB试验装置进行不同冲击速度下的冲击压缩试验,结合DIC试验系统,从理论角度分析了复合岩体的受力特征和强度条件,并对其破坏特征进行研究。周辉等结合地质赋存条件[11],利用制作的类层状岩石试样进行三轴压缩试验,研究了水平层状复合岩体变形特征受围压的影响程度。Zou等利用SHPB试验系统[12],对含夹层的大理石试件进行了冲击试验,并研究了夹层倾角对大理石抗压强度的影响。Dai等通过数值模拟研究了所有ISRM建议的试样的动态断裂韧度[13]。周靖轩基于有限元软件ANSYS LS-DYNA以及SHPB试验系统[14],对复合结构巷道围岩在预应力与爆炸荷载下的力学响应与破坏特征进行了研究。Xu等采用离散法对岩石的动态断裂行为进行了研究[15]。刘钊等采用数字激光焦散线方法开展了一系列双垂直裂隙模型爆破试验[16],展现了爆生裂纹演化过程。
为分析含裂隙板岩在受到动荷载作用下的破裂特性,本文选取某高速公路施工现场典型板岩样品,经过取芯、切割、打磨,制作成3种不同预制裂纹长度的NSCB岩石试件,利用SHPB试验装置进行冲击试验,同时采用高速摄像机对加载过程进行拍摄,得到了板岩在冲击荷载作用下裂纹的萌生、扩展及贯通的渐进破坏过程。分析裂纹扩展过程中的动态断裂韧度与冲击气压、预制裂纹长度和加载率的变化关系,同时研究了试件的裂纹扩展速度、裂纹扩展路径受预制裂纹长度的影响规律。
根据国际岩石力学学会(ISRM)推荐的方法[17],将现场爆破施工后的典型板岩试样取回,在实验室内进行取芯、切割、打磨制成直径50 mm、高度25 mm的圆盘形试件(即直径∶厚度=2∶1),然后再使用切割机将圆盘形试件切割成半圆盘试件并使用线锯进行预制裂纹的加工,制成NSCB试件,裂缝的宽度c=0.5 mm,长度a分别为5、7和9 mm三种,支座距离S=27.5 mm。部分加工完成后的试件及试件尺寸如图1所示。
试验加载装置选用直径50 mm的SHPB系统[18],试验装置如图2所示。该系统主要由合金钢制成的冲击子弹、入射杆、透射杆以及阻尼装置和数据采集系统组成,合金钢材料的弹性模量为210 GPa,纵波波速为5190 m/s,入射杆上粘贴型号为BFH120-5AA-D150的电阻应变片,电阻值为(120±0.1)Ω,灵敏度系数为2±1%;透射杆选用型号为HU-101B-120的半导体应变片,电阻值为(120±5%)Ω,灵敏度系数为110±5%。通过前期的试冲击,最终选择冲击气压为0.2、0.3和0.4 MPa。在进行试验时,利用高速摄像机同步拍摄试件的裂纹扩展过程。
根据ISRM建议的测试方法[19],夹持试件时在与入射杆和透射杆接触的试件两端涂抹凡士林以减少摩擦对试验结果的影响。试验前在入射杆接触子弹的端面上粘贴波形整形器,以减少波形振荡和弥散的影响[20]。试验过程中,为保证试验数据的有效性,需对每一次冲击试验的结果进行动态力平衡的检测,典型NSCB板岩试件冲击试验的动态力平衡检测,如图3所示。
加载率是动力学分析中的重要参数之一,可以通过试件的应力强度因子(SIF)随时间变化的曲线确定。图4展示了典型NSCB试件的SIF随时间变化的曲线[21],其中曲线呈现出一段近似线性的上升段,该段的斜率即为加载率(K)。
子弹在撞击入射杆之后产生半正弦波,同时试件两端分别受到的加载力的作用,试件两端的加载力可通过入射应变εi、反射应变εr和透射应变εt进行计算;NSCB试件受到杆件施加平衡力,使试件中心的预制裂纹产生Ⅰ型破坏,当冲击荷载达到最大时,试件中裂纹尖端的应力强度因子即为试件的动态断裂韧度(KId)。计算公式如下
式中:A0E0分别为杆件的截面积和弹性模量,mm2,GPa;P1(t)、P2(t)分别为入射杆和透射杆两端的加载力,N;Y(αa)为一个关于试件特征几何尺寸的函数,给定了几何尺寸则为一常量;Pmax为试件所受到的峰值荷载,N;R为试件的半径,mm;αa为无量纲的预制裂纹长度,αaa/RαS为无量纲的支撑间距,αSS/2R=27.5/50=0.55;S为支撑键之间的距离,mm;B为试件的厚度,mm;a为试件切缝的宽度,mm。
通过上述方法,获得了不同冲击气压和预制裂纹长度时试件的动态断裂韧度及加载率,结果见表1。研究发现冲击气压和预制裂纹长度对动态断裂韧度随有显著影响,建立三维曲面拟合模型,如图5所示。
结合表1可知,在试验选取的冲击气压和预制裂纹长度范围内,相较于冲击气压,岩石的动态断裂韧度受预制裂纹长度的影响更明显;从图5(a)三维曲面拟合图中可以看出,随着预制裂纹长度的增加,试件的动态断裂韧度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,试件的动态断裂韧度随冲击气压的增加而增大。通过图5(b)可知,在不同的冲击气压下,存在一个理论的预制裂纹长度使得试件的动态断裂韧度达到最大值。根据拟合结果计算可知,当预制纹长度为7.45 mm时试件的动态断裂韧度达到最大值,0.2、0.3和0.4 MPa三种冲击气压下对应的动态断裂韧度最大值分别为2.99、3.57和4.14 MPa·m1/2。此时,试件的无量纲预制裂纹长度αaa/R=7.45/25≈0.30,试验中不同冲击气压下KId测试值最大时试件的无量纲预制裂纹长度αaa/R=7/25≈0.28,二者比较接近。
通过计算可得试验中每次试验的加载率,在不考虑预制裂纹长度的情况下,仅考虑加载率对动态断裂韧度的影响,将试验结果进行线性拟合,结果如图6可知,试件的动态断裂韧度随加载率的增加而增大,且二者呈现线性正相关关系,岩石表现出明显的增韧效果;拟合过程中同时绘制出95%置信带,对于个别数据位于置信带之外,这是由于板岩内部所存在的天然节理对试验结果造成的影响,使得试验结果有一定的离散性。
图7(a)为NSCB试件的典型应力强度因子时程曲线(以冲击气压为0.3 MPa,预制裂纹长度为5 mm试验结果绘制曲线),并将曲线划分为五个阶段;为研究在冲击荷载作用下试件中裂纹的演化过程,图7(b)给出了与图7(a)对应的5个阶段典型的裂纹扩展过程。
(1)动态损伤阶段:试件顶端最先受到较大的压应力,应力波在试件内部传递,此时试件没有产生裂纹,但是在试件的端部形成局部的压缩损伤区和拉伸损伤区;表现为试件顶端与入射杆接触部分出现了压缩损伤区,出现岩石表面剥落的现象。
(2)裂纹孕育阶段:曲线的斜率变小,这是由于应力传递到支撑键处,受试件内部节理和微裂隙的影响,此时节理裂隙等不断地被压缩,试件的损伤程度加大,预制裂纹尖端受到的拉应力也逐渐增大,导致裂纹首先在预制裂纹的尖端上开始起裂并迅速扩展,同时在底部支座与节理处均出现拉伸损伤破坏;表现为裂缝从预制裂纹处开始起裂,同时受支座的影响,试件边缘节理处也出现次生裂纹。
(3)裂纹形成阶段:试件预制裂纹尖端的应力达到自身强度,裂纹开始形成,并随着尖端损伤区域持续扩大,裂纹持续向前扩展,同时会伴随有次生裂纹的产生;表现为裂纹开始快速扩展,同时主裂纹周围伴随有次生裂纹的产生。
(4)裂纹扩展阶段:主裂纹持续扩展直至贯穿整个试件,试件在该阶段依然能承受一些残余应力的作用;表现为试件完全断裂成两个主要部分。
(5)试件断裂阶段:裂纹贯穿整个试件后,试件达到最终的破坏,同时由于试件断成两半之后依然没有脱离杆件,在压缩应力的作用下形成不稳定的临时支撑体系传递荷载,直至试件的承载能力基本丧失;表现为试件仍然与杆件接触,压缩过程没有完全结束,同时次生裂纹在不断地快速扩展。
图8为高速摄像机拍摄的不同试件最终的破裂形态及破坏后的实物。由图8可知,试件的破坏均由预制裂纹开始起裂,裂纹沿着杆件的轴向方向扩展形成主裂纹,由于板岩内部天然节理的存在及其与预制裂纹夹角的影响,导致主裂纹扩展的方向不尽相同,部分主裂纹形态近似为直线,部分主裂纹会在起裂处受到节理的影响导致扩展方向偏转一定角度,还有部分主裂纹会在裂纹末端出现扩散现象,产生次生裂纹。结合表1动态断裂韧度的结果和图8试件最终破坏形态可以分析:一方面,当人工预制的裂缝长度≤7.45 mm时,在预制裂纹尖端达到临界的SIF而发生断裂之前,由于试件内部的节理及微裂纹的发育,使所测得的KId结果偏低。并且裂缝容易在起裂时就受到节理等弱面的影响使得主裂纹的扩展方向沿加载杆件的轴向方向发生偏转。另一方面,当预制裂缝长度>7.45 mm时,试件承受的劈裂拉伸作用的有效长度又会偏短,这样试件发生断裂所需的荷载就更小,多余的能量没有完全用于试件主裂纹的扩展,反而会在试件的弱面处使次生裂纹迅速孕育并演化、扩展。
对于高速摄像机捕获的试件动态裂纹扩展图像进行处理,从而计算出不同NSCB试件裂纹的扩展速度。在图9中展示了不同条件下各个NSCB试件裂纹扩展速度的统计结果。
图9可以看出,主裂纹的扩展贯穿过程主要集中在0~80 μs,以0 μs为裂纹起裂的时刻,试件的裂纹扩展速度分布在50~700 m/s,且不同时刻裂纹扩展速度具有较大的波动。一方面由于岩石材料的非均质性,所使用的板岩为工程现场的砂质板岩,裂纹扩展过程中易遇到岩石材料本身粗颗粒的影响,同时裂纹在天然板岩内部扩展还受到节理和细小软弱夹层等的引导作用;另一方面由于应力波的透反射现象会在试件中发射进行,对裂纹的扩展既有促进也有抑制作用。但是可以发现,裂纹在前期的扩展速度明显大于后期的扩展速度,前期裂纹快速扩展阶段速度可达到650~700 m/s,后期扩展速度相对较慢,维持在300 m/s以下。因为后期可能受到试件内应力波的反复作用,以及次生裂纹的快速扩展,导致裂纹扩展末期的速度有所上升。不同冲击气压以及不同预制裂纹长度下的岩石试件裂纹扩展速度随时间的增加呈现波动性减小的趋势,且冲击气压越大波动性越小;大部分试件的最大裂纹扩展速度在10~25 μs内,对比不同预制裂纹长度下的岩石裂纹扩展速度可知,预制裂纹长度对试件裂纹扩展速度的影响较小。
(1)预制裂纹长度与冲击气压相比较,前者对NSCB板岩试件的动态断裂韧度影响更大,试件的动态断裂韧度随着冲击气压的增大而增大,随预制裂纹长度的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化规律,且当无量纲的预制裂纹长度接近0.30时,动态断裂韧度拟合值达到最大。
(2)动载作用下试件的破坏过程大致可以分为五个阶段,受到板岩内部天然弱面的影响,主裂缝扩展的方向易发生偏转,还会伴随有次生裂纹的萌生。
(3)试件主裂纹的扩展速度波动较大,前期裂纹快速扩展阶段速度可达到650~700 m/s,后期扩展速度相对较慢,维持在300 m/s以下。
  • 安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室开放基金(AHBP2022A-02)
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.005
  • 接收时间:2024-04-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-15
基金
Open Foundation of Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology(AHBP2022A-02)
安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室开放基金(AHBP2022A-02)
作者信息
    1.中交第二公路工程局有限公司,西安 710000
    2.安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,淮南 232001

通讯作者:

汪海波(1983-),男,博士、教授,主要从事爆破理论与技术、冲击动力学方面的研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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