Article(id=1241046468803490173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712937600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818135690, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818135690, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818135690, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818135690, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241046461174043350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818133871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820872662, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=142, endPage=150, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241046469935952278, articleId=1241046468803490173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Crack Propagation and Vibration Characteristics of Coal under High-pressure Air Blasting, columnId=1240702073851925013, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study explored the influence of high-pressure gas blasting on coal's crack propagation and vibration characteristics. Using independently developed high-pressure air blasting devices, the high-pressure air blasting experiments were carried out on the simulated coal specimens. The surface crack propagation speed and particle vibration of the specimen were measured using a blasting speed acquisition instrument and a blasting vibration acquisition instrument, respectively. Furthermore, the crack propagation and fracture induced by high-pressure air blasting and the variation characteristics of particle vibration energy were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the evolution of pore cracks in specimens before and after blasting. The experimental results indicate that the surface cracks on the specimen are induced to develop and propagate along the direction of confining pressure loading at a design pressure of 15 MPa, and the crack development and propagation speed is vBi-directional unequal pressure > vno confining pressure > vBi-directional equal pressure. Besides, The crack development and propagation speed vary under different confining pressure conditions, exhibiting two stages: rapid development and steady-state development as the distance from the crack initiation hole increases. The induced particle vibration signal is distributed in the range of 0~250 Hz, with the energy in the main frequency band of the vibration signal significantly different from that in other sub-bands and the vibration main frequency band significantly differing from other sub-bands. The primary vibration signal is concentrated in the low-frequency band of 0~31.25 Hz. These findings provide a theoretical basis and guidance for optimizing the distribution of fractures induced by high-pressure gas blasting and improving the effectiveness of gas extraction.

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GAO Fu-qiang (1981-), male, from Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in research on explosion impact dynamics, tunnels and underground engineering, (E-mail) .
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为了探讨高压气体爆破对煤体裂纹扩展和振动特性的影响,采用模拟煤体基于自主研发的高压空气爆破装置开展气体爆破试验,试验过程中利用爆破速度采集仪和爆破振动采集仪分别对表面裂纹扩展速度及质点振动进行测试,分析高压空气爆破作用诱发的裂纹扩展发育过程及质点振动能量变化特性。运用扫描电镜(SEM)分析气爆前后试件孔裂隙演化规律。试验结果表明:在高压空气爆破设计压力为15 MPa的条件下,诱导试件表面裂纹沿围压加载方向发育扩展,裂纹发育扩展速度有v双向不等压>v无围压>v双向等压;不同围压条件下裂纹随距致裂孔距离的增加呈快速发育和稳态发育两个阶段发育扩展;诱发质点振动信号分布在0~250 Hz的范围内,振动信号中主频带的能量较其他子频带的能量有明显的区别,振动主频带信号在0~31.25 Hz低频带较为集中。研究成果以期为优化高压气体爆破致裂孔分布和提高瓦斯抽采效果提供理论依据和指导。

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高富强(1981-),男,河北石家庄人,博士、教授,主要从事爆炸冲击动力学、隧道与地下工程等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)
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严少洋(1994-),男,河南长垣人,博士、讲师,主要从事气爆作用机理、隧道与地下工程等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

YAN Shao-yang (1994-), male, from Changyuan, Henan Province, Ph. D, lecturer, mainly engaged in research on the mechanism of gas explosion, tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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严少洋(1994-),男,河南长垣人,博士、讲师,主要从事气爆作用机理、隧道与地下工程等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

YAN Shao-yang (1994-), male, from Changyuan, Henan Province, Ph. D, lecturer, mainly engaged in research on the mechanism of gas explosion, tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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严少洋(1994-),男,河南长垣人,博士、讲师,主要从事气爆作用机理、隧道与地下工程等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

YAN Shao-yang (1994-), male, from Changyuan, Henan Province, Ph. D, lecturer, mainly engaged in research on the mechanism of gas explosion, tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Test on high pressure gas expansion rock fragmentation in hard rock tunnel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057559910609200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=49, issue=8, pageStart=2031, pageEnd=2038, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=谢晓锋, 李夕兵, 李启月, journalName=中南大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢晓锋, 李夕兵, 李启月, 等. 液态CO2相变破岩桩井开挖技术[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 49(8): 2031-2038., articleTitle=液态CO2相变破岩桩井开挖技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057560007078196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=49, issue=8, pageStart=2031, pageEnd=2038, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=30, authorNames=XIE Xiao-fengm, LI Xi-bing, LI Qi-yue, journalName=Journal of Central Sourth University (Science and Technology), refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Xiao-fengm, LI Xi-bing, LI Qi-yue, et al. Liquid CO2 phase-transforming rock fracturing technology in pile-well excavation[J]. Journal of Central Sourth University (Science and Technology), 2018, 49(8): 2031-2038. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Liquid CO2 phase-transforming rock fracturing technology in pile-well excavation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057560116130103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=20, pageStart=54, pageEnd=60,157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=31, authorNames=褚怀保, 王昌, 杨小林, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=褚怀保, 王昌, 杨小林, 等. 煤体高压空气爆破模拟试验研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(20): 54-60,157., articleTitle=煤体高压空气爆破模拟试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057560220987710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=20, pageStart=54, pageEnd=60,157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=CHU Huai-bao, WANG Chang, YANG Xiao-lin, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHU Huai-bao, WANG Chang, YANG Xiao-lin, et al. A simulation experimental study on high-pressure air blasting of coal[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2022, 41(20): 54-60,157. 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articleId=1241046468803490173, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Sub-band vibration energy variation curve, figureFileSmall=2sNG7qkbVPPBhY5y3+CTNg==, figureFileBig=LDf9Bek2xJmkYl150+LXkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057551387783293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, language=CN, label=图9, caption=子频带振动能量变化曲线, figureFileSmall=2sNG7qkbVPPBhY5y3+CTNg==, figureFileBig=LDf9Bek2xJmkYl150+LXkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057551501029506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic mechanical parameters of coal samples

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抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa密度/(g·cm-3)波速/(m·s-1)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
12~180.8~2.01.4~1.61800~20002.3~3.20.2~0.3
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煤样的基本力学参数范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa密度/(g·cm-3)波速/(m·s-1)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
12~180.8~2.01.4~1.61800~20002.3~3.20.2~0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551723327624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Simulated coal mix proportions and test results(kg/m3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配合比水泥砂子石膏珍珠岩云母发泡剂
1002801443220.35
模拟煤体测试结果抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa密度/(kg·m-3)泊松比纵波波速/(m·s-1)孔隙率弹性模量/GPa
12.821.061.6380.2621526.682.52
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551840768143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模拟煤体配合比及测试结果(kg/m3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配合比水泥砂子石膏珍珠岩云母发泡剂
1002801443220.35
模拟煤体测试结果抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa密度/(kg·m-3)泊松比纵波波速/(m·s-1)孔隙率弹性模量/GPa
12.821.061.6380.2621526.682.52
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551954014354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test results of surface crack propagation velocity of coal under different conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围压/MPa设计压力/MPa测点间距/mm测点数时间间隔/μs裂纹扩展速度/(m·s-1)
σ1σ2=0 MPa  1104.12480.24
  2211.58236.32
  3392.81127.29
  4524.8995.26
  5590.5384.67
σ1=4 MPa
σ2=2 MPa
1550189.50558.66
2130.59382.88
3220.07227.20
4343.10145.73
5481.51103.84
σ1σ2=4 MPa  1114.45436.87
  2154.75163.65
  3479.25104.33
  4701.6171.26
  5//
), ArticleFig(id=1241057552096620692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同工况下煤体表面裂纹发育扩展速度测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围压/MPa设计压力/MPa测点间距/mm测点数时间间隔/μs裂纹扩展速度/(m·s-1)
σ1σ2=0 MPa  1104.12480.24
  2211.58236.32
  3392.81127.29
  4524.8995.26
  5590.5384.67
σ1=4 MPa
σ2=2 MPa
1550189.50558.66
2130.59382.88
3220.07227.20
4343.10145.73
5481.51103.84
σ1σ2=4 MPa  1114.45436.87
  2154.75163.65
  3479.25104.33
  4701.6171.26
  5//
), ArticleFig(id=1241057552188895386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Proportion of vibration energy of each subband

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
子频带范围/Hz冲击压力/15 MPa子频带范围/Hz冲击压力/15 MPa
0~7.8112.9478.13~85.9410.49
7.81~15.6317.8185.94~93.753.66
15.63~23.446.0993.75~101.562.29
23.44~31.2524.17101.56~109.380.53
31.25~39.062.54109.38~117.191.41
39.06~46.8810.49117.19~125.000.43
46.88~54.693.66125.00~156.253.36
54.69~62.502.29156.25~187.500.85
62.50~70.310.53187.50~218.750.08
70.31~78.131.41218.75~250.000.81
), ArticleFig(id=1241057552323113118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468803490173, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

子频带振动能量占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
子频带范围/Hz冲击压力/15 MPa子频带范围/Hz冲击压力/15 MPa
0~7.8112.9478.13~85.9410.49
7.81~15.6317.8185.94~93.753.66
15.63~23.446.0993.75~101.562.29
23.44~31.2524.17101.56~109.380.53
31.25~39.062.54109.38~117.191.41
39.06~46.8810.49117.19~125.000.43
46.88~54.693.66125.00~156.253.36
54.69~62.502.29156.25~187.500.85
62.50~70.310.53187.50~218.750.08
70.31~78.131.41218.75~250.000.81
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高压空气爆破作用下煤体裂纹扩展及振动特性模拟试验研究
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严少洋 1 , 高富强 1 , 杨小林 2 , 褚怀保 2 , 王昌 3 , 叶红宇 1
爆破 | 爆破器材 2025,42(1): 142-150
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爆破 | 爆破器材 2025, 42(1): 142-150
高压空气爆破作用下煤体裂纹扩展及振动特性模拟试验研究
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严少洋1 , 高富强1 , 杨小林2, 褚怀保2, 王昌3, 叶红宇1
作者信息
  • 1.洛阳理工学院 土木工程学院,洛阳 471023
  • 2.河南理工大学 土木工程学院,焦作 454000
  • 3.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,沈阳 110819
  • 严少洋(1994-),男,河南长垣人,博士、讲师,主要从事气爆作用机理、隧道与地下工程等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

    YAN Shao-yang (1994-), male, from Changyuan, Henan Province, Ph. D, lecturer, mainly engaged in research on the mechanism of gas explosion, tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

高富强(1981-),男,河北石家庄人,博士、教授,主要从事爆炸冲击动力学、隧道与地下工程等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)
Experimental Study on Crack Propagation and Vibration Characteristics of Coal under High-pressure Air Blasting
Shao-yang YAN1 , Fu-qiang GAO1 , Xiao-lin YANG2, Huai-bao CHU2, Chang WANG3, Hong-yu YE1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
  • 3.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.017
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为了探讨高压气体爆破对煤体裂纹扩展和振动特性的影响,采用模拟煤体基于自主研发的高压空气爆破装置开展气体爆破试验,试验过程中利用爆破速度采集仪和爆破振动采集仪分别对表面裂纹扩展速度及质点振动进行测试,分析高压空气爆破作用诱发的裂纹扩展发育过程及质点振动能量变化特性。运用扫描电镜(SEM)分析气爆前后试件孔裂隙演化规律。试验结果表明:在高压空气爆破设计压力为15 MPa的条件下,诱导试件表面裂纹沿围压加载方向发育扩展,裂纹发育扩展速度有v双向不等压>v无围压>v双向等压;不同围压条件下裂纹随距致裂孔距离的增加呈快速发育和稳态发育两个阶段发育扩展;诱发质点振动信号分布在0~250 Hz的范围内,振动信号中主频带的能量较其他子频带的能量有明显的区别,振动主频带信号在0~31.25 Hz低频带较为集中。研究成果以期为优化高压气体爆破致裂孔分布和提高瓦斯抽采效果提供理论依据和指导。

高压空气爆破  /  煤体  /  裂纹扩展  /  振动信号  /  振动能量

This study explored the influence of high-pressure gas blasting on coal's crack propagation and vibration characteristics. Using independently developed high-pressure air blasting devices, the high-pressure air blasting experiments were carried out on the simulated coal specimens. The surface crack propagation speed and particle vibration of the specimen were measured using a blasting speed acquisition instrument and a blasting vibration acquisition instrument, respectively. Furthermore, the crack propagation and fracture induced by high-pressure air blasting and the variation characteristics of particle vibration energy were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the evolution of pore cracks in specimens before and after blasting. The experimental results indicate that the surface cracks on the specimen are induced to develop and propagate along the direction of confining pressure loading at a design pressure of 15 MPa, and the crack development and propagation speed is vBi-directional unequal pressure > vno confining pressure > vBi-directional equal pressure. Besides, The crack development and propagation speed vary under different confining pressure conditions, exhibiting two stages: rapid development and steady-state development as the distance from the crack initiation hole increases. The induced particle vibration signal is distributed in the range of 0~250 Hz, with the energy in the main frequency band of the vibration signal significantly different from that in other sub-bands and the vibration main frequency band significantly differing from other sub-bands. The primary vibration signal is concentrated in the low-frequency band of 0~31.25 Hz. These findings provide a theoretical basis and guidance for optimizing the distribution of fractures induced by high-pressure gas blasting and improving the effectiveness of gas extraction.

high-press air blasting  /  coal  /  crack propagation  /  vibration signal  /  vibration energy
严少洋, 高富强, 杨小林, 褚怀保, 王昌, 叶红宇. 高压空气爆破作用下煤体裂纹扩展及振动特性模拟试验研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (1) : 142 -150 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.017
Shao-yang YAN, Fu-qiang GAO, Xiao-lin YANG, Huai-bao CHU, Chang WANG, Hong-yu YE. Experimental Study on Crack Propagation and Vibration Characteristics of Coal under High-pressure Air Blasting[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (1) : 142 -150 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.017
随着我国城镇化、工业化进程的不断推进,浅部资源逐渐枯竭,向地球深部大规模开发资源已成为新常态[12]。然而,当深部煤层进行炸药爆破施工时,受地质构造、高地应力以及水文条件等众多地质因素的影响,爆源产生的能量以冲击波、振动波等方式在围岩介质中向外传播,对周围岩体结构在一定程度上会造成扰动损伤,时常会诱发冲击地压、瓦斯突出及突水等各类矿山灾害事故发生,严重威胁了人员和生产设备的安全[3-5]。而高压气体爆破致裂技术作为一种新型的无水化物理膨胀爆破致裂措施,其具有环保节能、安全高效、操作简单等突出优势,是在复杂环境下无法实施炸药爆破作业的一种有利补充措施[6-8]
近年来,国内外专家学者借助物理试验、数值模拟和现场测试等方法对高压气体爆破致裂破岩效果及动态响应等方面等领域展开了大量的研究并取得了丰硕的研究成果,为后续深入研究奠定了基础。Wang L等通过CO2压裂试验研究页岩裂纹起裂机理、扩展过程和裂隙的形态分布[9]。Gao J等基于高压气体试验测试孔内压力荷载峰值[10],分析高压气体不同压力条件对裂纹扩展的影响。Zhang Y N等基于室内试验结果建立二氧化碳破岩动力学模型[11],分析二氧化碳爆破对致裂孔周围裂纹扩展和破坏效果的影响。Yang X L等建立了基于LS-DYNA下的高压气体冲击煤体的数值计算模型[12],得到了高压气体冲击下煤体内应力波衰减及裂纹扩展规律,并模拟了不同地应力条件对裂纹扩展的影响规律。Chu H B等基于固体推进剂爆破试验[13],测试了煤体的损伤和裂纹扩展速度,基于试验结果分析了煤体断裂损伤过程和机理[14]。以上研究发现高压气体泄出量、冲击方式和围压加载方式等对煤岩体起裂方式、裂纹扩展规律有着较大的影响。陈冠等基于液态二氧化碳相变破岩开展了振动信号监测试验[15],借助小波包变换分析了振动信号的能量分布规律。褚怀保等为探究炸药爆破和高压气体爆破振动的特征差异[16],开展了模拟岩体炸药爆破和高压气体爆破试验,对比分析了两种爆破振动持续时间和振动速度。夏祥等、彭怀德等和谢晓峰等在现场借助测振仪分别测试高压气体致裂破岩和与其同等能量条件下炸药破岩的振动速度和振动波形[17-19]。以上研究分析发现,与炸药爆破相比,高压气体爆破具有更短的振动波持续时间、更快的振动速度衰减、更少的高频成分,并且在相同能量下的中远区范围内具有更显著的阻尼效应,减震效果更好。然而,目前有关高压气体爆破技术的研究主要从岩体爆破机理等方面开展的,关于煤体高压气体爆破裂纹扩展速度和振动效应的研究分析较少。
因此,本文基于自行研制的高压空气爆破试验装置开展气体爆破模拟试验,研究分析高压空气爆破作用下模拟煤体试件裂纹扩展规律和质点振动效应。借助爆速仪和爆破振动仪分别测试不同围压和高压气体爆破共同作用下煤体表面裂纹发育扩展规律和质点振动特性。运用扫描电镜(SEM)探明气爆前后试件孔裂隙演化规律。采用小波包分析将振动时域信号转换为频域信号,分析高压气体爆破诱发的振动能量变化特性。以期为高压气体爆破参数优化研究提供参考。
鉴于煤体自身物理力学性能参数的特殊性和复杂性,导致煤体的实际物理力学参数具有很大的不确定性和离散型。鉴于煤体具有参数的离散型和孔隙结构的多样性,不利于进行规律性和重复性的试验研究。为解决煤体试验重复性和规律性差等问题,根据相似理论选取人工制作模拟煤岩体试块进行高压空气爆破试验。
以河南赵固矿的煤样进行分析和测试,得出天然煤样的力学参数范围如表1所示。为了更为真实的模拟煤样,以天然煤体的强度、波速、弹性模量及密度等参数为依据,采用人工搅拌的方法将河砂、石膏、水泥等材料按照配合比搅拌制作6块尺寸为500 mm×300 mm×300 mm的煤体模拟试件[78],模拟煤体配合比及测试结果如表2所示,试件制作过程中,在距试件一端150 mm处预留垂直向下的致裂孔,孔深200 mm,直径为12 mm的致裂孔,待试件在标准条件下养护28 d后进行高压气体爆破试验。
采用自行研制的高压空气爆破试验装置进行试验测试。高压空气爆破试验装置主要由气体增压系统(由空气压缩机、增压泵和压力釜组成)和控制释放系统(数控表及电磁阀组成)、双向加压系统和测试系统四个部分组成。高压气体冲击测试试验原理为:采用由空气压缩机、增压泵和压力釜组成的气体增压系统将气体进行压缩增压,增压过程中的气体储存在压力釜中;当压力釜中的气体压力增加至试验设定压力(即数控表设定压力)时,数控表控制打开电磁阀瞬间释放压力釜中的高压空气进行气爆试验,采用监测元件及数据采集与处理系统对不同试验条件下的气爆试验结果进行获取及分析。高压空气爆破试验装置如图1所示。
高压空气爆破设计压力为15 MPa,围压分别为σ1σ2=0 MPa、σ1=4 MPa,σ2=2 MPa和σ1σ2=4 MPa。为了消除边界效应对试验测试的误差,在试块四周表面涂上一层厚度为4~6 mm的耦合剂,加载过程中确保每个围压板与试块的边界表面直接接触。为了有效获取孔壁压力,在致裂孔孔底布置聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜传感器,封孔时预留50 mm的裸眼压裂段,利用动态应变仪和VIB系列动态信号转换器联合进行测试;为了能有效地获取高压气体爆破下试件表面的裂纹发育扩展速度,选用ϕ 0.3 ~ 0.5 mm的纯铜细漆包线作为探针传感器贴在试件表面,探针之间的间隔为50 mm,借助智能五段高精度新型爆速仪(型号为BSW-3A)进行测试。
其测试原理是:气爆作用促使试件内部孔裂隙产生应力集中,促使孔裂隙发育形成裂纹,进而导致试件表面探针随着裂纹发育依次断开,探针断开后会产生脉冲信号,爆速仪会对脉冲信号的时间进行记录,通过相近两探针之间的距离和断开时间计算出气爆产生的裂纹扩展速度;采用爆破测振仪(型号为TC-4850)获取高压空气爆破诱发得质点振动的波形,分析高压空气爆破的振动特征,振动测试点据致裂孔110 mm。测点布置如图2所示。
为了获取高压气体爆破前后试件内部孔-裂隙的表观特性,采用人工取样的方法在致裂孔(爆源)近区取尺寸约为1 cm3的试样,借助Merlin Compact型扫描电镜显微镜对试件进行扫描。为了确保聚焦扫描,将试样切片并选择放置在样品袋中保存。在试验过程中取出封闭样品,并用导电胶固定在样品台上。固定样品的样品台置于离子溅射设备中进行镀金,如图3(a)所示。将镀金后的样品放置样品台座上,然后选择适当的束斑值,并进行SEM测试,如图3(b)所示。
为了精确的对比分析数据采集系统的结果,在统计分析试验数据的过程中,可采用相对时间作为时间标准进行试验结果的后续分析。高压空气爆破设计压力为15 MPa条件下致裂孔壁的压力时程曲线如图4所示。
图4可知,高压空气爆破冲击下致裂孔压力时程曲线可分为快速上升阶段、快速下降阶段和缓慢下降阶段。快速上升阶段(OA段):当高压气体增压达到数控表预先设定的压力时,数控表打开电磁阀的开关释放气体,被释放的气体瞬间充满致裂孔且气体压缩膨胀达到峰值压力;快速下降阶段(AB段):作用在致裂孔壁上的应力(压应力和拉应力等)大于煤体介质的动态抗压(抗拉)强度会引起煤体介质内部初始损伤(微孔-裂隙)产生压缩或拉伸等变形,进而造成微孔-裂隙进一步发育扩展,值得注意的是,致裂孔内压力随着微孔-裂隙的发育扩展呈瞬间快速下降;缓慢下降阶段(BC段):在此阶段,气体进一步充填和穿透前一阶段发育扩展形成的裂隙,压力缓慢下降,直至气体压力降至为零。
对高压空气爆破设计压力为15 MPa不同围压条件下试件表面裂纹发育扩展速度的有效结果进行统计汇总如表3所示。不同工况条件下煤体表面裂纹发育扩展速度曲线如图5所示。
表3图5可知,围压在一定程度上对高压空气爆破诱发试件表面裂纹发育扩展有一定的影响,双向不等压(围压为σ1=4,σ2=2 MPa)>无围压((围压为σ1σ2=0 MPa)>双向等压(围压为σ1σ2=4 MPa)条件下的裂纹发育扩展速度。以无围压条件下高压气体爆破诱发的裂纹发育扩展为参照组进行分析,在双向不等压(围压为σ1=4,σ2=2 MPa)和高压气体爆破共同作用下,与无围压相比,双向不等压条件下的围压对主裂纹发育起到诱导促进作用,高压气体爆破诱发裂纹沿最大主应力σ1的方向发育扩展形成主裂纹,导致双向不等压条件下的裂纹发育扩展速度较大;当双向压力相等(围压为σ1σ2=4 MPa)时,与无围压相比,裂纹发育受到抑制,导致裂纹发育扩展速度相对较小。
在不同围压加载条件下,高压空气爆破诱发试件表面裂纹发育扩展可近似分为快速发育扩展和稳态发育扩展两个阶段。高压空气爆破诱发裂纹的发育和扩展是由高压空气爆破产生的冲击波、高压气体的准静态驱动力以及围压等耦合作用的结果[720]。高压空气爆破产生的应力波促使径向裂纹发育并以0.2倍左右的应力波传播速度向外扩展,由于应力波随距离的增加呈幂函数趋势衰减,导致应力波携带的能量进一步降低,进而引起裂纹发育扩展速度快速衰减。随着距致裂孔距离的增加,弱应力波和高压气体渗透的准静态驱动力共同作用于裂纹的尖端,此时,裂纹发育扩展主要以高压气体准静态驱动力为主,高压气体渗透驱动力作用下裂纹发育扩展近似呈稳态扩展。
对基于不同围压条件下高压空气爆破后试件表面的破坏形态进行统计,试件表面裂纹发育扩展形态如图6所示。高压空气爆破作用前后试件内部孔-裂隙发育微观结构如图7所示。
图6图7从宏观和微观角度进行分析可得,高压空气爆破设计压力为15 MPa冲击试验结果发现致裂孔周围未发现明显的破碎区。无围压条件下的试件在高压气体爆破后产生4条主裂纹随机分布;在有围压(双向等压)条件下的试件表面有4条主裂纹,且裂纹走向基本上沿着σ1σ2应力方向扩展;在有围压(双向不等压)条件下的试件表面有2条沿最大主应力方向(σ1)扩展的主裂纹。
试件的破坏形态主要分为应力波作用下动态加载阶段和高压气体准静态驱动加载阶段。高压空气爆破前试件孔隙表面较为平整,随机分布且不规则的封闭孔和半封闭孔较为发育,高压空气爆破产生的应力波促使煤体介质内孔-裂隙尖端出现应力集中,集中应力达到微裂隙尖端的动态强度因子被激活,沿着初始缺陷(微孔-裂隙)的弱点成长发育扩展形成贯通的裂纹。在围压和高压空气爆破共同作用下,高压空气爆破产生的应力波、气体准静态的驱动力和围压相互叠加,从而促使随机分布的微孔-裂隙进一步沿应力方向的薄弱点发育形成微裂纹,微裂纹发育汇集连接贯通形成细观裂纹,其他方向的扩展受到抑制,细观裂纹发育扩展到一定程度形成宏观裂纹,进而出现断裂破坏。
选取垂直于煤体介质表面Z方向的振动结果进行分析。冲击压力为15 MPa条件下110 mm处的监测点Z方向的时域谱图如图8所示。
为了进一步了解高压空气爆破引起的振动能量的变化特性,采用MATLAB运算软件对图8中振动时域信号进行小波包处理分析,小波基选取Sym8。根据TC-4850测振仪的采样频率和高压空气爆破振动信号特征确定小波包分解层数为7层,可将振动信号分解为带宽为7.8125 Hz的128个子频带。通过对小波包分解结果统计汇总得出0~250 Hz范围内子频带振动能量占比如表4所示。各个子频带振动能量变化曲线如图9所示。
表4图9可知,在试验中采用设计气压为15 MPa爆破诱发的试件质点振动信号分布在0~250 Hz的范围内,由小波包分析可知,设计气压为15 MPa爆破诱发的振动信号在0~78.13 Hz低频段范围中的能量占比范围为81.93%。高压空气爆破诱发的振动信号中主频带的能量较其他子频带的能量有明显的区别,表现的较为突出,诱发振动信号的频率区间较为单一,振动信号主频带主要集中在0~31.25 Hz,其能量占比为61.01%。综上所述,低气压爆破冲击煤体介质诱发的振动主频带信号在0~31.25 Hz低频带较为集中。
利用自行研制的高压空气爆破试验系统开展了气爆模拟试验,探讨了不同围压条件下高压空气爆破作用下煤体的裂纹扩展及质点振动特性,结合扫描电镜(SEM)对高压空气爆破前后试件孔裂隙结构演化进行表征,得出以下结论:
(1)在高压空气爆破设计压力为15 MPa条件下,无围压条件下主裂纹随机分布,有围压条件下的试件表面裂纹走向基本上沿着σ1σ2应力方向扩展,其他方向受到抑制;与无围压和双向等压条件下裂纹发育扩展速度相比,双向不等压条件下的裂纹发育扩展速度较大。
(2)高压气体爆破诱发煤体表面裂纹发育扩展可近似分为快速发育扩展和稳态发育扩展两个阶段。在近区,试件内部随机分布的微孔-裂隙在高压气体动态冲击下达到微裂隙尖端的动态强度因子被激活,促使随机分布的微孔-裂隙进一步沿着初始缺陷(微孔-裂隙)的薄弱点发育、扩展、贯通形成宏观裂纹,随着距离的增加,应力波作用降低,主要依靠高压气体渗透驱动力驱动初始缺陷(微孔-裂隙)发育。
(3)高压气体爆破诱发煤体质点振动信号分布在0~250 Hz的范围内,通过小波包分析可知,设计气压为15 MPa冲击压力诱发的振动信号在0~78.13 Hz低频段范围中的能量占比范围为81.93%。高压气体冲击诱发的振动信号中主频带的能量较其他子频带的能量有明显的区别,表现得较为突出,高压气体诱发振动信号的频率区间较为单一,振动主频带信号在0~31.25 Hz低频带较为集中。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(高压气体冲击作用下含瓦斯煤体的裂纹扩展及扰动规律研究)(51874123)
  • 河南省自然科学基金面上项目(深部环境下岩石的冲击力学特性及破坏机制研究)(242300421255)
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.017
  • 接收时间:2024-04-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-13
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project (Study on the crack propagation and disturbance law of coal containinggas under the impact of high -pressure gas)(51874123)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(高压气体冲击作用下含瓦斯煤体的裂纹扩展及扰动规律研究)(51874123)
Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Project (Research on impact mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of rocks in deep environment)(242300421255)
河南省自然科学基金面上项目(深部环境下岩石的冲击力学特性及破坏机制研究)(242300421255)
作者信息
    1.洛阳理工学院 土木工程学院,洛阳 471023
    2.河南理工大学 土木工程学院,焦作 454000
    3.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,沈阳 110819

通讯作者:

高富强(1981-),男,河北石家庄人,博士、教授,主要从事爆炸冲击动力学、隧道与地下工程等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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