Article(id=1241046468388254064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725292800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818135591, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1766160000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818135591, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818135591, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818135591, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241046461174043350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818133871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820872662, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241046468719604092, articleId=1241046468388254064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Blasting Scheme Optimization of Water-sealed Cavern Excavation based on Blasting Vibration and Loose Zone Analysis, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A reasonable blasting construction method is critical to maintaining caverns' stability and water-sealing integrity. In this study, seismic wave detection and acoustic wave detection were conducted within a water-sealed cavern. The HHT signal analysis method was used to process the seismic wave signals generated by blasting, and both Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) were applied to compare and reduce signal mode aliasing, improving the accuracy of signal analysis. The marginal spectrum, instantaneous energy spectrum, three-dimensional energy spectrum, and loose zones in surrounding rock were used to evaluate the influence of different blasting schemes on the water-sealed caverns. The results show that the EEMD-Hilbert analysis method effectively mitigates mode aliasing issues caused by traditional EMD decomposition, producing a smoother and more reliable vibration velocity time-history curve. Marginal spectrum analysis of the reconstructed signal reveals that the frequency band of the double-sided wall heading method ranges from 200 to 380 Hz. In contrast, the frequency band of the single-sided wall guide pit method is narrower, concentrated between 110 and 250 Hz, with relatively lower frequency energy in both conditions. The combined instantaneous energy of the double-sided wall guide method is higher than that of the single-sided wall guide method, with 41.67% and 23.73% of the total instantaneous energy concentrated in the first section of the cutting hole for each method, respectively. The instantaneous energy distribution of the single-sided wall guide method is more uniform and lower than that of the double-sided. The range of loosening rings on both sides of the arch waist in the double-sided wall heading method is about 1.0 to 1.2 m. In contrast, the single-sided wall guide pit method measured 0.8 meters and 1.0 to 1.2 meters on the expanding excavation surface and guide tunnel surface, respectively. A joint analysis of the EEMD Hilbert method and acoustic detection indicates that the single-sided wall guide pit method is more suitable for blasting excavation in water-sealed caverns.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
YU Meng-hao(1997-), male, doctoral candidate, mainly engaged in scientific research in mining, blasting and other fields, (E-mail) .
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合理的爆破施工方式是保证水封洞库稳定性和水封性的关键,在某水封洞库进行爆破地震波检测、声波探测,并结合HHT信号分析方法,通过EMD、EEMD分解方法对比、识别并弱化信号模态混叠效应以提高信号分析准确性,最后利用边际谱、瞬时能量谱、三维能量谱、围岩松动圈等评价不同爆破方案对水封洞库开挖爆破的影响。结果表明:EEMD-Hilbert分析方法可以一定程度上改善传统EMD分解带来的模态混叠问题,通过EEMD分解重构后的振速时程曲线更加平滑、可靠性更高;通过信号重构后的边际谱分析,发现双侧壁导坑法频带分布在200~380 Hz范围,单侧壁导坑法的频段范围更窄,集中在110~250 Hz之间,两组方案的低频能量均占比较少;双侧壁导坑法瞬时能量合值高于单侧壁导坑法,两组方案瞬时能量均主要集中在首段掏槽孔上,分别占总瞬时能量的41.67%和23.73%,单侧壁导坑法瞬时能量分布更为平均且较双侧壁导坑法更低;通过声波探测分析:双侧壁导坑法两侧拱腰松动圈范围约1.0~1.2 m,单侧壁导坑法扩挖面、导洞面松动圈范围分别为0.8 m、1.0~1.2 m。通过EEMD-Hilbert与声波探测联合分析可知,单侧壁导坑法相对更适合该洞库爆破施工。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
余梦豪(1997-),男,博士研究生,主要从事采矿、爆破等方面的科研工作,(E-mail)
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叶海旺(1971-),男,安徽省安庆市,博士、教授,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, born in Anqing City, Anhui Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in mining, blasting, safety and other aspects of teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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1b.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Key Non-metallic Mineral Resources Green Utilization, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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1b.武汉理工大学 关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室,武汉 430070
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叶海旺(1971-),男,安徽省安庆市,博士、教授,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, born in Anqing City, Anhui Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in mining, blasting, safety and other aspects of teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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叶海旺(1971-),男,安徽省安庆市,博士、教授,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, born in Anqing City, Anhui Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in mining, blasting, safety and other aspects of teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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figureFileBig=0LNNWE3nPPcbdtRJfrLhXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550012051489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同方案的瞬时能量谱, figureFileSmall=PZVGPO5ogARiBstuLodpfA==, figureFileBig=0LNNWE3nPPcbdtRJfrLhXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550158852131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Three-dimensional Hilbert spectrum of different working schemes, figureFileSmall=1TumH6K42bx0Rftt3S3ERg==, figureFileBig=Sa0ev+4u9nWymedlIQTq7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550267904045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同方案的三维Hilbert谱, figureFileSmall=1TumH6K42bx0Rftt3S3ERg==, figureFileBig=Sa0ev+4u9nWymedlIQTq7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550381150263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Acoustic detection and monitoring program, figureFileSmall=UdHxcfrdByxuIfzWm/1KnQ==, figureFileBig=o6xuIDmCs37YMdNV7fuyqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550456647742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=图10, caption=声波探测监测方案, figureFileSmall=UdHxcfrdByxuIfzWm/1KnQ==, figureFileBig=o6xuIDmCs37YMdNV7fuyqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550590865478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Relationship curve between wave velocity and hole depth under different working scheme, figureFileSmall=tVL7DhaDLe/H0cxgnQjYSw==, figureFileBig=Z8V6Uu9dqPI6mNcF/o2Qfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550670557258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同方案波速-孔深关系曲线, figureFileSmall=tVL7DhaDLe/H0cxgnQjYSw==, figureFileBig=Z8V6Uu9dqPI6mNcF/o2Qfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550779609167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Charging parameters of different blasting schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷管段位炮孔类型孔深/m单孔药量/kg总药量/kg
双侧壁法单侧壁法双侧壁法单侧壁法双侧壁法单侧壁法双侧壁法单侧壁法双侧壁法单侧壁法
11掏槽/辅助掏槽孔4.804.903.0/1.8~2.73.057.642
33掏槽/辅助掏槽孔4.454.703.0/1.8~2.73.052.242
55掏槽/辅助掏槽4.25/4.004.353.0/1.8~2.73.06036
77掏槽/辅助/周边掏槽/辅助4.10/4.00/4.004.25/4.203.0/1.8~2.7/0.93.0/1.8~2.752.882.4
99掏槽/辅助/周边掏槽/辅助4.05/4.00/4.004.22/4.203.0/1.5~2.4/0.93.0/1.8~2.755.479.2
1111辅助/周边辅助/周边4.00/4.004.20/4.200.9~1.8/0.92.4/0.93073.8
1313周边周边4.004.200.91.8~2.733.319.8
1515周边辅助4.004.200.91.8~2.71.813.5
17辅助4.201.8~2.713.5
19辅助4.201.8~2.716.2
21辅助4.201.8~2.713.5
23辅助4.201.8~2.77.2
25辅助4.201.8~2.745.9
27周边4.200.920.7
29周边4.200.95.4
31周边4.200.90.9
合计      343.1512
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550863495253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同方案装药参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷管段位炮孔类型孔深/m单孔药量/kg总药量/kg
双侧壁法单侧壁法双侧壁法单侧壁法双侧壁法单侧壁法双侧壁法单侧壁法双侧壁法单侧壁法
11掏槽/辅助掏槽孔4.804.903.0/1.8~2.73.057.642
33掏槽/辅助掏槽孔4.454.703.0/1.8~2.73.052.242
55掏槽/辅助掏槽4.25/4.004.353.0/1.8~2.73.06036
77掏槽/辅助/周边掏槽/辅助4.10/4.00/4.004.25/4.203.0/1.8~2.7/0.93.0/1.8~2.752.882.4
99掏槽/辅助/周边掏槽/辅助4.05/4.00/4.004.22/4.203.0/1.5~2.4/0.93.0/1.8~2.755.479.2
1111辅助/周边辅助/周边4.00/4.004.20/4.200.9~1.8/0.92.4/0.93073.8
1313周边周边4.004.200.91.8~2.733.319.8
1515周边辅助4.004.200.91.8~2.71.813.5
17辅助4.201.8~2.713.5
19辅助4.201.8~2.716.2
21辅助4.201.8~2.713.5
23辅助4.201.8~2.77.2
25辅助4.201.8~2.745.9
27周边4.200.920.7
29周边4.200.95.4
31周边4.200.90.9
合计      343.1512
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550951575644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Field monitoring peak vibration velocity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破方案组数径向(X方向)切向(Y方向)垂向(Z方向)合速度/(cm·s-1)
PPV/(cm·s-1)FFT主频/HzPPV/(cm·s-1)FFT主频/HzPPV/(cm·s-1)FFT主频/Hz
双侧壁导坑法12.052931.43.585629.29.764297.69.7920
27.0102133.44.3719178.910.3351138.411.2869
35.7631236.48.026211.18.331870.99.9350
44.510368.53.340355.17.6478214.17.9148
55.3611284.47.3198114.98.6130199.49.7183
单侧壁导坑法14.8058139.03.0546240.77.9265321.08.0085
23.897113.94.150271.85.8796110.36.1374
36.061198.86.189694.85.0460545.28.6597
44.7337141.34.2724118.44.9064207.07.6550
54.3618314.34.4838192.35.143520.35.7148
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551056433250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

现场监测峰值振速

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破方案组数径向(X方向)切向(Y方向)垂向(Z方向)合速度/(cm·s-1)
PPV/(cm·s-1)FFT主频/HzPPV/(cm·s-1)FFT主频/HzPPV/(cm·s-1)FFT主频/Hz
双侧壁导坑法12.052931.43.585629.29.764297.69.7920
27.0102133.44.3719178.910.3351138.411.2869
35.7631236.48.026211.18.331870.99.9350
44.510368.53.340355.17.6478214.17.9148
55.3611284.47.3198114.98.6130199.49.7183
单侧壁导坑法14.8058139.03.0546240.77.9265321.08.0085
23.897113.94.150271.85.8796110.36.1374
36.061198.86.189694.85.0460545.28.6597
44.7337141.34.2724118.44.9064207.07.6550
54.3618314.34.4838192.35.143520.35.7148
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551169679468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Each layer’s Energy of different measurement point

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破方案分析方法IMF分量能量分布/(cm2·s-2)
123456789101112
双侧壁法EMD3976.91304.99198.767.904.536.401.260.560.22
EEMD4.161263.791423.10413.98118.0521.674.711.710.620.240.040.16
单侧壁法EMD1059.281106.77356.9238.5119.742.351.970.840.40
EEMD15.9814.05255.05663.01266.8013.752.480.870.420.210.170.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551266148465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同方案条件下各分层能量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破方案分析方法IMF分量能量分布/(cm2·s-2)
123456789101112
双侧壁法EMD3976.91304.99198.767.904.536.401.260.560.22
EEMD4.161263.791423.10413.98118.0521.674.711.710.620.240.040.16
单侧壁法EMD1059.281106.77356.9238.5119.742.351.970.840.40
EEMD15.9814.05255.05663.01266.8013.752.480.870.420.210.170.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551350034552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Each delay′s instantaneous energy distribution of different operating schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷管段位双侧壁导坑法单侧壁导坑法雷管段位双侧壁导坑法单侧壁导坑法
单段药量/kg瞬时能量/(cm2·s-2)单段药量/kg瞬时能量/(cm2·s-2)单段药量/kg瞬时能量/(cm2·s-2)单段药量/kg瞬时能量/(cm2·s-2)
157.6109.3442.021.431916.23.74
352.220.3342.012.112113.52.94
560.054.7336.02.38237.21.56
752.831.7582.411.022545.95.51
955.415.6979.27.862720.74.96
1130.06.7573.87.01295.46.10
1333.319.9819.81.01310.90.64
151.83.8213.50.62合计343.1512
1713.51.49     
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551471669374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同方案的段间瞬时能量分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷管段位双侧壁导坑法单侧壁导坑法雷管段位双侧壁导坑法单侧壁导坑法
单段药量/kg瞬时能量/(cm2·s-2)单段药量/kg瞬时能量/(cm2·s-2)单段药量/kg瞬时能量/(cm2·s-2)单段药量/kg瞬时能量/(cm2·s-2)
157.6109.3442.021.431916.23.74
352.220.3342.012.112113.52.94
560.054.7336.02.38237.21.56
752.831.7582.411.022545.95.51
955.415.6979.27.862720.74.96
1130.06.7573.87.01295.46.10
1333.319.9819.81.01310.90.64
151.83.8213.50.62合计343.1512
1713.51.49     
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551584915587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Acoustic detection data of each detection point under different working schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钻孔深度/m不同方案各探测孔声波波速/(km·s-1)
探测孔1探测孔2
双侧壁导坑法单侧壁导坑法(扩挖面)双侧壁导坑法单侧壁导坑法(导洞面)
组1组2组3组1组2组3组1组2组3组1组2组3
0.00.8060.9302.2412.1742.7782.0620.8130.9801.9902.2472.1982.439
0.20.8101.0002.2622.0832.8171.9800.8931.0362.0002.3532.0002.564
0.41.0871.1052.8622.2732.3532.4101.0001.2122.0733.2262.7032.817
0.61.5042.2472.9853.6362.4392.9411.5041.1763.1503.1752.2733.077
0.82.1982.8573.1992.7402.8173.6362.8571.8691.8603.4483.5093.390
1.02.9412.8993.3305.2635.0005.2633.1282.4441.7943.7043.1253.175
1.24.7625.8824.7624.6515.2635.1285.0004.0823.2635.1285.1284.878
1.45.0005.8824.8425.1285.1285.1284.8784.3485.7975.0005.0004.762
1.64.8785.7144.7625.2635.2635.2634.7624.0005.6345.2634.8784.878
1.84.5455.7144.6514.8785.0004.7624.0004.0005.1284.8784.8784.762
2.04.4446.0615.1285.1284.8784.7623.5094.5455.5564.8785.1285.128
2.24.0825.8825.0005.1285.0005.2634.1674.3485.7145.1285.0005.128
2.44.0006.2504.8785.2634.8785.0004.6514.4445.7145.0005.1284.878
2.64.5456.0615.1285.2634.7625.1284.8784.1675.2635.4055.5565.263
2.84.5455.8824.8784.8784.8785.1284.7625.2635.7145.1285.1284.878
3.05.0126.0615.1285.0005.0005.2634.5456.0615.6345.2634.7625.000
3.25.0005.1285.1284.7625.1285.0005.5625.7315.5545.4796.2405.378
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551731716234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046468388254064, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同方案各探测点声波探测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钻孔深度/m不同方案各探测孔声波波速/(km·s-1)
探测孔1探测孔2
双侧壁导坑法单侧壁导坑法(扩挖面)双侧壁导坑法单侧壁导坑法(导洞面)
组1组2组3组1组2组3组1组2组3组1组2组3
0.00.8060.9302.2412.1742.7782.0620.8130.9801.9902.2472.1982.439
0.20.8101.0002.2622.0832.8171.9800.8931.0362.0002.3532.0002.564
0.41.0871.1052.8622.2732.3532.4101.0001.2122.0733.2262.7032.817
0.61.5042.2472.9853.6362.4392.9411.5041.1763.1503.1752.2733.077
0.82.1982.8573.1992.7402.8173.6362.8571.8691.8603.4483.5093.390
1.02.9412.8993.3305.2635.0005.2633.1282.4441.7943.7043.1253.175
1.24.7625.8824.7624.6515.2635.1285.0004.0823.2635.1285.1284.878
1.45.0005.8824.8425.1285.1285.1284.8784.3485.7975.0005.0004.762
1.64.8785.7144.7625.2635.2635.2634.7624.0005.6345.2634.8784.878
1.84.5455.7144.6514.8785.0004.7624.0004.0005.1284.8784.8784.762
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基于爆破振动与松动圈分析的水封洞库爆破方案比选
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叶海旺 1a, 1b, 1c , 张鹏辉 1a , 蒙云琪 2 , 张兆龙 2 , 傅家亮 3 , 白金鑫 3 , 刘磊 3 , 余梦豪 1a , Doumbouya Sekou 1a
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025,42(1): 44-55
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025, 42(1): 44-55
基于爆破振动与松动圈分析的水封洞库爆破方案比选
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叶海旺1a, 1b, 1c , 张鹏辉1a, 蒙云琪2, 张兆龙2, 傅家亮3, 白金鑫3, 刘磊3, 余梦豪1a , Doumbouya Sekou1a
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
  • 1b.武汉理工大学 关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 1c.武汉理工大学 矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 2.中铁四院集团工程运维有限责任公司,武汉 430063
  • 3.滁州市兴天矿业有限公司,滁州 239399
  • 叶海旺(1971-),男,安徽省安庆市,博士、教授,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

    YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, born in Anqing City, Anhui Province, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in mining, blasting, safety and other aspects of teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

余梦豪(1997-),男,博士研究生,主要从事采矿、爆破等方面的科研工作,(E-mail)
Blasting Scheme Optimization of Water-sealed Cavern Excavation based on Blasting Vibration and Loose Zone Analysis
Hai-wang YE1a, 1b, 1c , Peng-hui ZHANG1a, Yun-qi MENG2, Zhao-long ZHANG2, Jia-liang FU3, Jin-xin BAI3, Lei LIU3, Meng-hao YU1a , Doumbouya Sekou1a
Affiliations
  • 1a.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 1b.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Key Non-metallic Mineral Resources Green Utilization, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 1c.Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2.China Railway Siyuan Group Engineering Operation and Maintenance Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430063, China
  • 3.Chuzhou Xingtian Mining Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239399, China
出版时间: 2025-12-20 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.006
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合理的爆破施工方式是保证水封洞库稳定性和水封性的关键,在某水封洞库进行爆破地震波检测、声波探测,并结合HHT信号分析方法,通过EMD、EEMD分解方法对比、识别并弱化信号模态混叠效应以提高信号分析准确性,最后利用边际谱、瞬时能量谱、三维能量谱、围岩松动圈等评价不同爆破方案对水封洞库开挖爆破的影响。结果表明:EEMD-Hilbert分析方法可以一定程度上改善传统EMD分解带来的模态混叠问题,通过EEMD分解重构后的振速时程曲线更加平滑、可靠性更高;通过信号重构后的边际谱分析,发现双侧壁导坑法频带分布在200~380 Hz范围,单侧壁导坑法的频段范围更窄,集中在110~250 Hz之间,两组方案的低频能量均占比较少;双侧壁导坑法瞬时能量合值高于单侧壁导坑法,两组方案瞬时能量均主要集中在首段掏槽孔上,分别占总瞬时能量的41.67%和23.73%,单侧壁导坑法瞬时能量分布更为平均且较双侧壁导坑法更低;通过声波探测分析:双侧壁导坑法两侧拱腰松动圈范围约1.0~1.2 m,单侧壁导坑法扩挖面、导洞面松动圈范围分别为0.8 m、1.0~1.2 m。通过EEMD-Hilbert与声波探测联合分析可知,单侧壁导坑法相对更适合该洞库爆破施工。

水封洞库  /  爆破方案  /  EEMD-HHT  /  时频能量  /  松动圈

A reasonable blasting construction method is critical to maintaining caverns' stability and water-sealing integrity. In this study, seismic wave detection and acoustic wave detection were conducted within a water-sealed cavern. The HHT signal analysis method was used to process the seismic wave signals generated by blasting, and both Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) were applied to compare and reduce signal mode aliasing, improving the accuracy of signal analysis. The marginal spectrum, instantaneous energy spectrum, three-dimensional energy spectrum, and loose zones in surrounding rock were used to evaluate the influence of different blasting schemes on the water-sealed caverns. The results show that the EEMD-Hilbert analysis method effectively mitigates mode aliasing issues caused by traditional EMD decomposition, producing a smoother and more reliable vibration velocity time-history curve. Marginal spectrum analysis of the reconstructed signal reveals that the frequency band of the double-sided wall heading method ranges from 200 to 380 Hz. In contrast, the frequency band of the single-sided wall guide pit method is narrower, concentrated between 110 and 250 Hz, with relatively lower frequency energy in both conditions. The combined instantaneous energy of the double-sided wall guide method is higher than that of the single-sided wall guide method, with 41.67% and 23.73% of the total instantaneous energy concentrated in the first section of the cutting hole for each method, respectively. The instantaneous energy distribution of the single-sided wall guide method is more uniform and lower than that of the double-sided. The range of loosening rings on both sides of the arch waist in the double-sided wall heading method is about 1.0 to 1.2 m. In contrast, the single-sided wall guide pit method measured 0.8 meters and 1.0 to 1.2 meters on the expanding excavation surface and guide tunnel surface, respectively. A joint analysis of the EEMD Hilbert method and acoustic detection indicates that the single-sided wall guide pit method is more suitable for blasting excavation in water-sealed caverns.

water-sealed cavern  /  blasting scheme  /  EEMD-HHT  /  time-frequency energy  /  loose zone
叶海旺, 张鹏辉, 蒙云琪, 张兆龙, 傅家亮, 白金鑫, 刘磊, 余梦豪, Doumbouya Sekou. 基于爆破振动与松动圈分析的水封洞库爆破方案比选. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (1) : 44 -55 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.006
Hai-wang YE, Peng-hui ZHANG, Yun-qi MENG, Zhao-long ZHANG, Jia-liang FU, Jin-xin BAI, Lei LIU, Meng-hao YU, Doumbouya Sekou. Blasting Scheme Optimization of Water-sealed Cavern Excavation based on Blasting Vibration and Loose Zone Analysis[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (1) : 44 -55 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.006
目前,石油储备主要分地下水封洞库和地表罐体储备两种方式。相比于地表罐体储备,地下水封洞库具有损耗少、维护费用低、安全性高、使用寿命长等优势,故而成为国际主流储油方式[1-3]。地下水封洞库是由主洞室、竖井、水幕系统等组成的地下复杂洞室群,洞室具有高边墙和大跨度,不同功能洞室纵横交错,间距较小等特点。根据其储油原理,主洞室需包裹于动态地下水环境中,防止油品泄漏从而实现稳定、高效储存。保证洞室稳定性和水封效果是洞库建设和运营的关键和确保储油系统安全稳定的基础[45]。爆破方法以其成本和工艺的优势成为岩体强度高、围岩完整性好的大型地下掘进施工中的首选方式之一。但爆破施工过程中释放的巨大能量会对周边岩体造成一定的负面效应[6]。选择合适的爆破施工方式,尽可能控制爆破作业所带来的负面效应是十分必要的。
通过对爆破施工产生的爆破地震波信号、声波探测信号进行采集和分析可以为研究爆破产生的负面提供依据。这些信号中蕴含着丰富的信息,包括爆破地震波频率、能量的传播、衰减规律以及围岩松动圈范围等。其对于优化爆破设计、提高爆破效率、减轻对周边围岩的潜在破坏具有重要意义[7]。目前常用的地震波信号分析方法主要有三种:傅里叶分析、小波变换、HHT分析[8]。相较于传统的傅里叶分析和小波变换,HHT变换凭借经验模态分解(EMD)技术,展示出对信号的瞬时变化、随机特性以及传播介质的复杂性的卓越适应性。这使得HHT分析在爆破工程领域得到了广泛的认可与应用[9]。付晓强等基于EMD对隧道爆破信号进行分解并提取主成分分量,为后续识别各段别实际雷管爆破时间奠定基础。但HHT分析方法同样存在一些问题,相关研究发现,采用EMD分解出的固有模态函数易出现模态混叠现象[10]。针对该问题,韦啸等采用EEMD对地铁隧道爆破振动信号进行分解,结果表明,该方法在保留EMD原有自适应性优点的同时能消除EMD分解产生的IMF分量间信号混叠问题[11]。通过声波探测技术可以识别围岩松动圈范围,进而得到围岩的损伤分布。马其华等使用单孔超声波探测法确定了隧道围岩松动圈松动范围,并通过FLAC3D软件验证声波法的实用性和优越性[12]。陈亚楠等通过单孔声波探测得到围岩松动圈随爆破次数增加的演化规律[13]
目前鲜有学者对水封洞库这类地下复杂洞室群的爆破施工导致的负面效应进行系统化的研究,而爆破效果的优劣又是影响水封洞库长期稳定运行的关键。基于某水封洞库开挖爆破工程,采集爆破地震波和声波探测数据,分别利用EEMD-HHT和声波波速分析提取、重构、分析不同爆破方案爆破地震波信号的频谱特征及洞室周边围岩的松动圈范围,得到不同方案条件的时频能量分布与围岩松动范围,进而得到较为适宜的爆破施工方案。
某水封洞库工程涵盖地下洞罐区和地上辅助建筑工程两大部分。地下部分岩体大体上呈北东方向展布,构造稍发育、岩体基本完整,岩体质量等级为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级。洞库设计库容达500×104 m3,由主洞室、竖井、水幕系统、施工巷道和连接巷道等部分组成。用作储油的主洞室共八个分为四个洞罐,两个主洞室间布置一条施工支洞。其中主洞室埋深约80 m,上层开挖高度为9 m,宽为20 m;施工支洞高9 m,宽9 m;主洞室与施工支洞的直线距离仅24 m。
受时间和空间所限,该库区地下工程需要各类洞室同时施工。基于该地下工程作业条件的复杂性与洞室油储所需的水封性,有必要采取一系列方法分析不同爆破方案爆破施工带来的负面效应对周边围岩的影响程度,从而选取一种较为合适的爆破方案。
主洞室上层断面高为9.0 m宽为20 m。现场采用两种爆破工艺开挖,两组方案炮孔直径均为42 mm,装填直径32 mm的2#岩石乳化炸药,根据方案不同分为数段,按首段延期10 ms,剩余孔位段间延期时间为50 ms,使用工业数码电子雷管起爆,掏槽方式均采用楔形掏槽。其中,方案一采用双侧壁导坑(中导-两侧扩挖-毫秒延期)方案,中导与扩挖同时起爆,设计循环进尺4 m,单次爆破作业共设置180个炮孔,按照炮孔的位置和功能不同设置8段延期。方案二采用单侧壁导坑(单侧导洞-单侧扩挖-毫秒延期)方案,一次爆破中,导洞先爆,扩挖后爆,设计循环进尺4.2 m,单次爆破作业共设置230个炮孔,按照炮孔的位置和功能不同设置16段延期。图1为不同方案掌子面现场,炮孔布置如图2所示,爆破工艺参数如表1所示。
现场测试使用中科生产的TC-4850-3爆破振动监测仪,设置触发延时100 ms,采样率16 k。在施工支洞垂直导洞爆心处设置监测点,其中:双侧壁导坑法距导洞爆心距为34.30 m(高差4.55 m,水平距离34 m),单侧壁导坑法距导洞侧爆心距为30.35 m(高程3.9 m,水平距离30.1 m)。洞室相对位置关系、测点布置、测振设备布置如图3所示。
为确保数据的可靠性和准确性,针对不同方案各进行五次爆破地震波监测。测得峰值振动速度见表2,表中FFT主频指地震波振幅最大处的频率。
为使信号分析具有代表性,学者们倾向于选择地震波信号中的三相信号中的最大峰值振速方向作为研究对象[14]。由表2可知,垂向(Z方向)的峰值振速最大。因此,后续分析中,选取典型垂向信号进行分析,典型垂向时程曲线如图4所示。
现场采集的爆破地震波信号中常含随机、复杂的杂散噪音,其难以预测且会对分析产生干扰,通过对原始信号的分解重构,可以在保留或增强信号的关键特征的同时去除其中的噪声成分,为后续的信号处理提供更有效的数据[15]
将不同方案的典型垂向信号数据导入Matlab程序,分别进行EMD、EEMD分解得到垂向信号在不同时间尺度和频率上的时程关系。其中,设置EMD分解参数相对误差为0.2;EEMD分解中添加的高斯白噪声组次数N为100,高斯白噪声标准差σ为0.2。IMF分量能量指信号经EMD、EEMD分解后各IMF分量所携带的能量。其与振幅的平方成正比,此处通过计算各IMF分量的振幅平方和来估算其能量。经过EMD、EEMD分解后所产生的各IMF分量和残余分量及各分量能量如图5表3所示。
不同方法分解得到各分量按频率由高到低进行排列,两组方案标准信号均通过EMD分解得到8个IMF分量和一个残余分量,经过EEMD分解则得到了11个IMF分量和一个残余分量。
图5(a)、5(c)中,双侧壁导坑法的原始垂向信号经过EMD分解产生的IMF1~IMF2分量,单侧壁导坑法的IMF1~IMF3存在模态混叠问题,其混杂了多个相近的特征时间尺度;EEMD分解后各IMF分量间相对平整光滑,特征时间尺度区分明显,即EEMD分解方法在保留EMD分解自适应性的基础上,有效改善了IMF分量间的模态混叠问题。
模态混叠会影响信号分析的准确和可靠性,为提高信号分析的可靠性,将信号进行重构以最大限度消除干扰因素。分别将双侧壁导坑法经EEMD分解后的IMF分量中的IMF1和残余分量,单侧壁导坑法的IMF1IMF2和残余分量去除。重构信号如图6所示。
(1)边际谱分析
将处理后的重构信号导入Matlab程序进行Hilbert变换得到边际谱,不同爆破方案的典型垂向信号的EEMD重构信号边际谱如图7所示。
图7所示,不同方案的振动频率集中在不同的范围:双侧壁导坑法测点距爆心34.30 m,边际能量主要在200~380 Hz范围内分布,并在258 Hz处达到峰值0.027 cm2·s-2;单侧壁导坑法测点距爆心30.35 m,能量主要集中在110~250 Hz之间并出现两个较为明显的波峰,分别为170 Hz的0.0064 cm2·s-2和200Hz的0.0055 cm2·s-2;单侧壁导坑法爆心距稍近,但频带分布较双侧壁导坑法更小。
(2)瞬时能量谱与三维能量谱分析
边际谱可以得到爆破地震波能量与频率之间的关系,但难以分析不同延期时段爆破产生的地震波对周边围岩的影响程度。瞬时能量谱可以分析爆破地震波能量在时程上的累积与波动,而能量大小将影响岩石损伤和破碎效果。能量越大,通常能导致岩石更充分的破碎。三维能量谱可以同时展示信号在时间和频率上的能量分布,有助于更全面地理解信号的特性[16]表4为不同方案各雷管延期时段爆破的瞬时能量;瞬时能量谱和三维能量谱如图8图9所示。
图8可知:瞬时能量谱中各段峰值时差约为50 ms且与原始信号振速时程曲线分布基本一致,证明了瞬时能量谱的可靠性;结合图8图9表4分析可知:双侧壁导坑法、单侧壁导坑法瞬时能量累计分别为262.39 cm2·s-2、90.38 cm2·s-2,不同方案的瞬时能量峰值均出现在首段,其余段位炮孔爆破产生的峰值能量较首段炮孔均显著降低,其中双侧壁导坑法首段药量57.6 kg对应瞬时峰值能量109.34 cm2·s-2,约占总瞬时能量的41.67%,单侧壁导坑法首段药量42 kg对应瞬时峰值能量21.43 cm2·s-2;相较双侧壁导坑法,单侧壁导坑法各段位瞬时能量更均匀,并普遍小于双侧壁导坑法。从瞬时能量角度来看,单侧壁导坑法更优。
上述EEMD-Hilbert分析得到了不同爆破方案的各延期时段爆破地震波时频能量在周边洞室的分布规律,但围岩破坏并不仅受某段爆破影响,而是不同功能炮孔联合做功的结果,不同功能炮孔都会对围岩产生一定程度的损伤[17]。为弥补EEMD-Hilbert分析的不足,进一步分析不同爆破方案对其围岩破坏的优劣,引入声波探测,分析不同爆破方案各段延期爆破对洞室围岩的累计损伤情况。
声波探测技术通过测量声波在围岩中的传播速度和波形特征得到围岩的松动圈范围,进而得到围岩的损伤分布[18]。下面对不同方案爆破施工的周边围岩松动范围进行声波测速分析。
现场试验采用非金属声波检测仪RSM-SY6(c),不同爆破方案均在洞室两侧边墙距爆源10 m处各布置1个钻孔孔径70 mm,孔深3.2 m的声波钻孔进行声波探测。具体布置如图10所示。
将不同方案条件下爆破施工的洞室不同位置围岩声波探测数据进行统计,波速测试结果如表5所示。
为直观展示不同方案爆破后的洞室围岩松动范围,将表5数据绘制成不同爆破方案条件下探测孔1、孔2的声波波速与钻孔深度关系曲线,如图11所示。
分析表5图11可知:双侧壁导坑法的洞室两侧围岩爆破后的声波波速在1.0~1.2 m处发生突变,其余深度波速变化较小,即双侧壁导坑法爆破引发的洞室两侧围岩松动范围为1.0~1.2 m;单侧壁导坑法扩挖面爆破后在深度0.8 m处发生较大变化、导洞侧声波波速在1.0~1.2 m处发生突变,其余深度变化较小;单侧壁导坑法导洞侧与双侧壁导坑法两侧扩挖导致的爆破松动范围大体一致,扩挖面较单侧壁导坑法影响更小。声波探测结果证明:单侧壁导坑法的围岩松动范围较双侧壁导坑法小,从主洞室围岩的松动范围方面来看,单侧壁导坑法更适合该水封洞库爆破施工。
(1)通过对原始信号的EMD和EEMD分解,证明EEMD能更好地对爆破振动信号进行分解,识别信号中的噪音成分,通过EEMD分解重构,可以更准确地分析爆破地震波信号蕴含的信息、减少杂散噪音的干扰。
(2)对重构信号进行Hilbert变换,双侧壁导坑法的爆破地震波信号蕴含的能量主要集中在200~280 Hz,单侧壁导坑法的振动频率则集中在110~250 Hz之间并出现两端较为明显的波峰;两组爆破方案频率均高于围岩自振频率,低频能量占比少。
(3)通过瞬时能量谱和三维Hilbert谱分析不同爆破方案的不同延期段别的瞬时能量分布:双侧壁导坑法瞬时能量合值高于单侧壁导坑法;两组方案的瞬时能量最大值均出现在掏槽孔,分别占总能量的41.67%和21.43%;单侧壁导坑法的瞬时能量在各延期时段上分布更均匀且较双侧壁导坑法低,故更适用于该水封洞库爆破开挖。
(4)利用声波探测对不同方案爆破后的围岩松动范围分析;双侧壁导坑法两侧拱腰围岩松动范围与单侧壁导坑法导洞面大致相同,深度为1.0~1.2 m;扩挖面围岩松动深度为0.8 m。进一步证明单侧壁导坑法更适用于该水封洞库爆破开挖。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909602)
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BCA152)
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.006
  • 接收时间:2024-09-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-12-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-03
基金
National key research and development plan project(2020YFC1909602)
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909602)
Hubei Province key research and development project(2021BCA152)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BCA152)
作者信息
    1a.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
    1b.武汉理工大学 关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室,武汉 430070
    1c.武汉理工大学 矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
    2.中铁四院集团工程运维有限责任公司,武汉 430063
    3.滁州市兴天矿业有限公司,滁州 239399

通讯作者:

余梦豪(1997-),男,博士研究生,主要从事采矿、爆破等方面的科研工作,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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